Process Instrumentation ERT 213 Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

Transcription

1 Process Instrumentation ERT 213 Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Miss Hanna Ilyani Zulhaimi

2 Outline Process diagram/flowsheeting Block Flow Diagram Process Flow Diagram Introduction to Microsoft Visio

3 Learning outcome: By the end of this lecture, students will be able to: Ø Understand and interpret block flow diagram Ø Analyze and demonstrate process flow diagram based on symbology Ø To employ process flow diagram to Microsoft Visio Software

4 LEARNING FLOW Valves In Industry Pump, Compressor, Fan & Blower Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) ISA Symbology Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

5 Roughly speaking, communication is paramount ~ As an Engineer, transfer the most amount of information with the least amount of effort on the part of the reader

6 Introduction to Flowsheeting Flowsheets are the pictorial representation of the process GOAL: Transmit the most amount of information with the least amount of effort on the part of the reader

7 Type of Flowsheeting/Diagram Block Diagram Material Flow Sheet Energy Flow Sheet Process Flow Diagram Information Flow Diagram Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

8 What is Block Flow Diagram? q q q It is the simplest flowsheet. Par,cularly useful in ini,al studies Useful to show interrela,on of streams q Process engineer begins process design with a block diagram in which only the feed and product streams are iden7fied. q The processes described in the BFD are then broken down into basic func,onal elements such as reac7on and separa7on sec7ons. q Also iden,fy the recycle streams and addi7onal unit opera7ons to achieve the desired opera,ng condi,ons.

9 BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM (BFD) Example 1: Toluene, C 7 H 8 10,000 kg/hr Mixed Gas 2610 kg/hr Reactor C 6 H 6 Gas Separator Benzene, C 6 H 6 8,210 kg/hr CH 4 Hydrogen H kg/hr C 7 H 8 Mixed Liquid 75% Conversion of Toluene Reac,on : C 7 H 8 + H 2 C 6 H 6 + CH 4 Figure 1: Block Flow Diagram for the Produc7on of Benzene

10 Exersice 1 Ammonia-air mixture is feed to the bottom stream of an absorber with flow rate of 10L/ min. Water then feed to the upper stream of the same absorber with desired flow rate of 5L/min. There are two outputs from the absorber where upper stream is insoluble NH 3 and bottom stream is NH 3 -Water mixture. This NH 3 -water mixture then feed up to a batch distillation column. The column produces ammonia gas as a top product which this product then will be condensate with a condenser to produce liquid ammonia. Develop Block Flow Diagram (BFD) for this process.

11 Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Conveys the major processing steps represented by the equipment Ø useful for conveying the heat and material balances Ø Useful for conveying major pieces of equipment Ø Useful for conveying processing conditions Ø Useful for conveying utilities There are no hard and fast rule but Howat Standards include: Essentially every major pieces of equipment Every flow stream Every temperature Every pressure Utility flows Process unit tagging and numbering

12 Major Pieces of Equipment R- 100 P- 100 T- 100 E- 100 P- 101 R- 101 Reactor Pump Dis7lla7on Column Condenser Pump Reactor Hot water out Ethanol H 2 SO 4 R- 100 V- 100 P- 100 CV- 100 V- 101 V- 102 V- 103 Ethylene E- 100 V- 104 Cold water in T- 100 CV- 101 V- 105 V- 107 H 2 O Ethylene liq. V- 106 Hydrogen Ni P- 101 R- 101 Ethane

13 Utility Streams R- 100 P- 100 T- 100 E- 100 P- 101 R- 101 Reactor Pump Dis7lla7on Column Condenser Pump Reactor Hot water out Ethanol H 2 SO 4 R- 100 V- 100 P- 100 CV- 100 V- 101 V- 102 V- 103 Ethylene E- 100 V- 104 Cold water in T- 100 CV- 101 V- 105 V- 107 H 2 O Ethylene liq. V- 106 Hydrogen Ni P- 101 R- 101 Ethane

14 Process Flow Streams Stream Numbering and Drawing - Number streams from le] to right as much as possible. - Horizontal lines are dominant. Yes No No

15 Process Flow Streams Stream Information (Operating conditions such as P, T, F) Ø Since diagrams are small not much stream informa,on can be included. Ø Include important data around reactors and towers, etc. q Flags are used q Full stream data Ø Details informa,on for each stream in PFD is represented in the table below the drawing.

16 Process Flow Streams Stream Informa7on - Flag Temperature Pressure Mass Flowrate Molar Flowrate Gas Flowrate Liquid Flowrate

17 Stream Informa7on - Flag R- 100 P- 100 T- 100 E- 100 P- 101 R- 101 Reactor Pump Dis7lla7on Column Condenser Pump Reactor Hot water out 6 Ethylene E- 100 Ethylene liq. V- 104 Ethanol H 2 SO R V P V- 101 CV- 100 V V T- 100 Cold water in 7 CV- 101 V- 106 V Hydrogen V- 107 Ni 8 H 2 O P R- 101 Ethane 10

18 Stream Data Table R- 100 P- 100 T- 100 E- 100 P- 101 R- 101 Reactor Pump Dis7lla7on Column Condenser Pump Reactor Hot water out 6 Ethylene E- 100 V- 104 Ethylene liq. Ethanol H 2 SO R V P V- 101 CV- 100 V V T- 100 Cold water in 7 38 H 2 O CV- 101 V- 105 V V- 106 Hydrogen Ni P R- 101 Ethane 10 Stream Number Temperature ( o C) Pressure (psi) Vapor fraction Mass flow (tonne/hr) Mole flow (kmol/hr)

19 Process Unit Tagging & Numbering Process Equipment Supplemental Information General Format XX-YZZ A/B XX are the identification letters for the equipment classification C - Compressor or Turbine E - Heat Exchanger H - Fired Heater P - Pump R - Reactor T - Tower TK - Storage Tank V - Vessel Y - designates an area within the plant ZZ - are the number designation for each item in an equipment class A/B - identifies parallel units or backup units not shown on a PFD Additional description of equipment given on top of PFD

20 Process Unit Tagging & Numbering R- 100 P- 100 T- 100 E- 100 P- 101 R- 101 Reactor Pump Dis7lla7on Column Condenser Pump Reactor Hot water out Ethanol H 2 SO 4 R- 100 V- 100 P- 100 CV- 100 V- 101 V- 102 V- 103 Ethylene E- 100 V- 104 Cold water in T- 100 CV- 101 V- 105 V- 107 H 2 O Ethylene liq. V- 106 Hydrogen Ni P- 101 R- 101 Ethane

21 A/B LeYer Example PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD) Ethylene Hot water out Ethylene Hot water out Ethanol Cold water in Ethylene liq. Ethanol Cold water in Ethylene liq. H 2 SO 4 H 2 O Hydrogen Ni Ethane H 2 SO 4 Hydrogen Ni H 2 O Ethane P- 100 A/B P- 100 A P- 100 B In PFD In Real Plant

22 Thank you J