HANDLING QUALITY OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
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1 HANDLING QUALITY OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES PRESENTING AUTHOR M. Pesce CRF, VEHICLE DYNAMICS CO-AUTHORS D. Gostoli, A. Fagiano - IVECO, QUALITY EVALUATION, CS & QUALITY M. Mazzarino - IVECO, TECHNICAL INNOVATION S. Data, M. Grillo - CRF, VEHICLE DYNAMICS C. Randazzo - CRF, PRODUCT QUALITY Stuttgart, May 6,
2 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 2
3 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 3
4 Main goals! "#"! $% %&$%'( ) *% * &&"! Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 4
5 Main goals + +, +,(-.,%+/0% Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 5
6 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 6
7 Quality Indexes approach CUSTOMER ORIENTATION IN VEHICLE DESIGN: Methods/Tools Development and Application for target setting, deployment and achieving Purchase Criteria & Perceived Quality Perceived Quality measurements (Q.I.) Deplyoyment procedure & simulation tools Voice Voice of of Customer Vehicle Vehicle Target Target Setting Setting Sub-systems Target Target Deployment Components Target Target Achieving Achieving Design Design Specifications Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 7
8 Quality Indexes approach Panel Test: professional and non professional drivers in free driving conditions Questionnaire: subjective assessments expressed on different levels coherent with the performance tree Evaluation on a panel of different vehicles Instrumented Vehicle Test Procedure: standard maneuvers carried out on the basis of specific requirements Objective Parameters: acquisition and analysis of road data for the identification of performance indicators Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 8
9 Quality Indexes approach!"#! $ 1994: first handling (IQH) and steering feel (IQS) metric for Fiat cars Continuous development according to Fiat Group experience & ISO TC22/SC9 New Work items: - limit handling - rollover, NHTSA - uneven roads - power on / power off - braking Extension vs. Light & Heavy Commercial Vehicles Extension vs. Agricultural Tractors References about objective handling assessment in Fiat Group +',##" &!" * 69 : 69 ()"""- "&! - 4)" &* 8&/ // #66!"#" +',##" &)-"!" * "& '" "()"* $% #" &/1*#)" " *"- #/ // #* 0 '"& * $. 3-" # -4 - " & ()"* %2 2 Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 9
10 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 10
11 Project plan %& '( & EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS IN STANDARD MANOEUVRES VEHICLE HANDLING EVALUATION QUESTIONARY OBJECTIVE PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OBJECTIVE PARAMETERS CORRELATION vs. SUBJECTIVE EVALUATIONS Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 11
12 Project plan?6!9)+:+++;$+;2#+! #+< +!: #!). /0. +*+#;#=0:#!++ #++ $#$!+!9;!!#+>+++<-*#:!#.+*)"1:)*$#:!#; *;#=##,21!++ #*+!!::#+* :#;!:%!+#!- *+ *, *( *- * )*+,-,./.0#+// !6 )*+,-4./.0#+// )*6 )*+,-31.)0# )*6 )*+,-77.,51,32,1.0#+/, )*6 )*+,-1.0#+// ! (45 " Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 12
13 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 13
14 Subjective evaluation Goals: Definition of a questionnaire to be used for Subjective Handling tests. Building of the Db of the average subjective ratings, that will be correlated with objective measurements. Estimation of the weights of the partial aspects on the global handling evaluation. 1. Questionnaire definition and Jury Selection 2. Statistical spread analysis to search outlier judge or not significant aspects 3. Partial rating determination 4. Correlation analysis to evaluate the influence that every partial rating has on the global one. Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 14
15 Subjective evaluation Questionnaire definition and Jury Selection Jury Selection About 15 Drivers Professional and non professional drivers Selected from IVECO, FGA, CRF Unipolar aspect Bad Good Example: On center quality Bipolar aspect Too high Optimum Too small Example: Steering wheel torque in normal driving Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 15
16 Subjective evaluation Statistical spread analysis Search of outlier judge Search of more meaningful aspects Aerodynamics Interaction sensitivity 48.2 GLOBAL HANDLING EVALUATION SW Torque in Parking On-centre quality Roll motion Car feedback progressiveness Roll motion velocity Motricity in turn SW Torque in Normal Driving Quickness in car response Steering wheel activity 1.1 Free steering oscillation after cornering Driver more aligned at the average evaluation Driver more different from average evaluation More meaningful aspects Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 16
17 Subjective evaluation Partial ratings Average evaluations of partial aspects by the whole jury for each vehicle Roll motion velocity Roll motion Motricity in turn SW Torque in Parking Full load configuration SW Torque in Normal Driving On-centre quality Free steering oscillation after cornering Aerodynamics Interaction sensitivity Steering wheel activity Car feedback progressiveness Quickness in car response Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 17
18 Subjective evaluation Partial rating example: Roll Motion Evaluation of global roll angle during turning in a normal driving without rapid transient maneuvers ( quasi steady conditions). Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle D Vehicle E Empty vehicle Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle D Vehicle E Full load Too high [=-5] Optimal [=0] Too small [=5] Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 18
19 Subjective evaluation Handling Global Evaluation in Normal Driving Global Rating Weights of the partial aspects Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle D Empty vehicle Cluster3 (1 aspect) 15% Cluster 4 (1 aspect) 11% Cluster 1 (3 Aspects) 55% Vehicle E Full load Cluster 2 (2 aspects) 19% Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle D Vehicle E A principal component analysis approach has been applied for the identification of the main clusters in subjective perception. Some aspects are not relevant from a statistical point of view. Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 19
20 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 20
21 Objective evaluation Vehicle setup Test procedure Post-processing and Example of some results Measured signals and measurements/filtering procedures comply to ISO Measured variables for quality indexes are: STEERING WHEEL ANGLE LATERAL ACCELERATION YAW RATE SIDE SLIP ANGLE STEERING WHEEL TORQUE ROLL RATE THROTTLE POSITION VEHICLE SPEED Additional signals are acquired for a more complete analysis: longitudinal acceleration, pitch rate, suspension travel, height sensors Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 21
22 Objective evaluation Vehicle setup Test procedure Post-processing and Example of some results Handling road tests (Balocco & La Mandria tracks): Steady state circular test 40 m (ISO 4138) Constant speed test 80 km/h (ISO 4138) Curva di raggio 40 / 100 m Step steer input 100 km/h (ISO 7401) Free steer control test 100 km/h (ISO 17288) 100 km/h Sweep input km/h 0.25, 0.4, 0.55 g (ISO 7401) Sinusoidal input km/h 0.2 Hz 0.25 g ( ) Complete steer cycles with vehicle in standstill and at low speed δ V3 δ V2 δ V1 Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 22
23 Objective evaluation Vehicle setup Test procedure Post-processing and Example of some results Main calculated parameters: Steady state behaviour, Transient gains, Time delay, Hysteretic cycles. Regarding: Lateral dynamics, Roll response, Steering wheel torque. In different conditions of: Vehicle speed, Steering wheel amplitude, Steering wheel frequency Steady state Steering wheel angle [deg] Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle D Ay [g] Sideslip angle [deg] Ay [g] Transient response Yaw rate vs. Steering Wheel Gain [1/s] Freq [Hz] Time delay [s] Freq [Hz] Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 23
24 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 24
25 Quality Index (IQH) The process for Index identification 1 1: Partial index Subjective evaluations are correlated with measured parameters starting from the IQH car experience. Weights are modified and additional parameters are included in the model when necessary to improve the correlation level. A final rating in 0-10 scale is obtained. 2 2: Global quality index Starting from the weights of partial aspects on global determined from subjective evaluation, a refinement is done in order to compensate the aspect not yet covered by partial objective indexes. Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 25
26 Quality Index (IQH) Partial ratings: Correlation with Subjective Evaluations Objective Index Full load Empty Subjective Rating IPI - LCV Response progressiveness LCV feedback progressiveness Ipi = A + B * [C0 + C1*Param1 + C2*Param2 + C3*Param3] R 2 =0.91 Parameters: Param1: time delay between yaw rate and lateral acceleration calculated in manoeuver frequency sweep, at speed 60 kph, linear range. Param2: Param3: Param1 mtrpsip50; 24% Param2 18% tr(0.5)thpdv ; 18% Param3 AlfaR0; 58% 58% Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 26
27 Quality Index (IQH) Partial ratings: Correlation with Subjective Evaluations 10 IAV: Steering wheel IAV - Steering activity wheel activity 10 IRV: Quickness in LCV response IRV - Quickness in LCV response 10 IPI: LCV response progressiveness IPI - LCV Response progressiveness Objective Index Full load Empty Subjective Rating 9 R 2 = R 2 = R 2 = ICOVC: Roll motion IVC_ICO - Roll motion ISP: Steering Wheel Torque in Parking ISP - Steering torque in parking 9 R 2 = R 2 = ISM: Steering Wheel ISM - Steering torque in normal Torque in Normal Driving driving R 2 = IDIR: On-centre IDIR - On quality center quality R 2 = Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 27
28 Quality Index (IQH) Global handling rating: Correlation & Composition Objective Index Full load Empty Subjective Rating Weight of Partial ratings vs. Global Index I 6 10% I 7 3% I 1 20% IQH - Global handling rating R 2 = I 5 30% I 4 20% I 2 3% I 3 14% Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 28
29 INDEX!" # $%& '( ) Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 29
30 Conclusions and Next steps (* "6 "&6 "% "?2? "?&? &6 "6& )576 6 ' 6 A? ' 6 "6?>>@?6 " &6 9--#!0;+#!++0< 6&>666 6A &6B 6 ' 6? 69--#0.!;:!#.C< Stuttgart, May 6, 2008 Handling Quality Index LCV 30
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