2018 Annual Conference September A Primer on Polyurethane, Polyurea, and Polyaspartic Construction Coatings

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1 2018 Annual Conference A Primer on Polyurethane, Polyurea, and Polyaspartic Construction Coatings

2 Agenda The History Naming Conventions Basic Technology and Properties Case Histories: Industrial and Commercial Summary and Comment 2018 Annual Conference

3 This class of coatings have been around for over 80 years Timeline of Technologies - Past to Present 1930s 1940s 1960s 1970s 1970s 1970s 1980s 1980s 2000s 2010s Urethanes developed by Otto Bayer First use of hardeners in Polyurethane coatings Development of hardeners for Polyurethane coatings Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions (PUDs) introduced Two Component (2K) Solventborne (SB) Polyurethane coatings 2K Solvent Free (SF) coatings First use of 2K Thick Film Polyurea coatings 2K Polyaspartic and 1st gen 2K Waterborne (WB) coatings 2nd gen 2K Waterborne polyurethane coatings Low viscosity and flexible Polyaspartic technology 2018 Annual Conference

4 There are two keys to their higher properties Hydrogen Bonding and Crosslinking Millions of mini-magnets Tangled and knotted up N H C O O O H O C N 2018 Annual Conference

5 Naming Conventions 2018 Annual Conference

6 There are often many names used in this category of coatings which can be confusing SEALER FAST SET PU TOPCOAT 1K POLYUREA AROMATIC MOISTURE CURE THICK FILM COATING HIGH SOLIDS 2K TWO PACK CATALYZED PUA RESIN WATERBORNE PRECAT ONE PACK THIN FILM SOLVENTBORNEURETHANE MCU HIGH BUILD POLYASPARTIC HARDENER BASECOAT SOLVENT FREE HYBRID DISPERSION GROUT LAYER ALIPHATIC PAS POLYURETHANE 2018 Annual Conference

7 These types of coatings exhibit a broad range of properties dialed in to the specific aesthetics, service, and exposure needs The different classes of infrastructure coatings can be formulated using a variety of choices: Hardener: (yellowing) vs. (light stable) Backbone: Polyester, Polyether, Polycarbonate, Polycaprolactone Carrier: Solventborne (SB), Waterborne (WB), Solvent-free (SF) Number of Components: 1K (moisture cure - MC or PUD), 2K (SB, WB, SF) 2018 Annual Conference

8 Let s lay this kennel of dogs out straight If coating technologies were dogs: Dogs

9 One particular type of dog would be Polyurethanes Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Dogs

10 And another type of dog would be Polyureas Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle

11 But of course there are different types of Labs and Poodles Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle

12 There are Polyurethanes Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab

13 And Polyurethanes Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab

14 There are many similarities between these two dogs Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab

15 Polyureas can also be based Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle

16 Or based Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle

17 Now, there can be many forms of each of these breeds Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle

18 You might have Jake, a 2K Solventborne Polyurethane Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jake

19 Or Daisy, a Moisture Curing Polyurethane Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jake MC PU Daisy

20 Or Max, a 2K Waterborne Polyurethane Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jake 2K WB PU Max MC PU Daisy

21 Polyurethanes have some similar forms Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jake 2K WB PU Max MC PU Daisy

22 There s Molly, the Moisture Cure Polyurethane Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper 2K WB PU Max MC PU Daisy MC PU Molly

23 Ben, the 2K Solventborne Polyurethane Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper 2K WB PU Max MC PU Daisy MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben

24 Or Buddy, the thick film Solvent Free Polyurethane Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper 2K WB PU Max MC PU Daisy MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy

25 Polyureas have several similar types Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy

26 There are 2K Solvent Free Polyureas Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo

27 And Moisture Cure Polyureas Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Toby

28 Or a 2K Solventborne Polyurea Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea 2K SB Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Sophie Toby

29 Just like the Polyurethanes, there are different types of Polyureas Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Toby 2K SB Polyurea Sophie

30 There are thick film Solvent Free Polyureas Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Toby 2K SB Polyurea Sophie 2K SF Polyurea Queenie

31 And a special type of 2K Polyurea called Polyaspartic Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Toby 2K SB Polyurea Sophie 2K SF Polyurea Queenie 2K Polyaspartic Thor

32 In dog terms, this is the majority of Purebred types Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Toby 2K SF Polyurea Queenie 2K SB Polyurea Sophie 2K Polyaspartic Thor

33 However, you can have Hybrids of these technologies, such as: Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab 2K SF PU Labradoodle Leo Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Toby 2K SF Polyurea Queenie 2K SB Polyurea Sophie 2K Polyaspartic Thor

34 Now, let s take a closer look at a few of these technologies Dogs Polyurethane Labrador Retriever Polyurea Poodle Chocolate Lab Yellow Lab Standard Poodle Toy Poodle 2K SB PU Jasper MC PU Daisy 2K WB PU Max MC PU Molly 2K SB PU Ben 2K SF PU Buddy 2K SF Polyurea CoCo MC Polyurea Toby 2K SF Polyurea Queenie 2K SB Polyurea Sophie 2K Polyaspartic Thor

35 Basic Technology and Properties 2K Solventborne Polyurethane Coatings Jasper 2018 Annual Conference

36 2K Solventborne Polyurethane coatings are a proven technology used for years to protect infrastructure 2K SB Polyurethane Technology: High crosslink density yields long lasting, chemical and abrasion resistance coatings The stalwart of PU protective coatings High crosslinking gives desirable properties but requires solvent to thin down Typically used in exterior applications like bridges and water towers Used in interior flooring topcoat applications for chemical resistance Typically g/l solvent depending on prevailing regulations 2018 Annual Conference

37 High crosslinking increases the desired properties of the coating but requires solvent to lower the viscosity Chemistry: 2K aliphatic polyurethane based on polyesters, polyethers, or polyacrylics and aliphatic hardeners Resin OCN Hardener NCO Dries and reacts to form 2018 Annual Conference A Polyurethane Coating

38 2K Solventborne Polyurethanes are selected for their physical properties and longer working time Benefits: Excellent durability and weatherability Excellent color/gloss retention Very good working time Proven performance from decades of in-field use Favorable cost/performance ratio Drawbacks: VOC/solvent odor High humidity can cause bubbling in higher film builds May not be permitted for certain applications due to VOC limits 2018 Annual Conference

39 Basic Technology and Properties 1K Moisture Cure Polyurethane Coatings Daisy 2018 Annual Conference

40 1K Moisture Cure Polyurethane Coatings Moisture Cure Polyurethane: 1K technology that uses moisture to crosslink yielding excellent overall properties Faster cure, easy to use, and durable Largest use in maintenance applications due to ease of use More forgiving in high humidity and marginally prepared surfaces i.e. residual rust Faster cure via multiple thin coats, can be applied in a single shift (overcoating) 2018 Annual Conference

41 Moisture Curing Polyurethane coatings are ready to use right out of the can Chemistry: 1K aliphatic moisture curing polyurethane coating Moisture Curing Polyurethane Moisture in the Air Dries and reacts to form 2018 Annual Conference A Polyurethane Coating

42 Moisture Curing Polyurethanes are more forgiving on substrate prep but sensitive to applied thickness Benefits: More forgiving on marginally prepped surfaces Very good color/gloss retention Easy to Use One component Can complete a multi-coat, moisture cure system in one shift Can be applied in cold and damp environments Drawbacks: Over-application of film thickness or puddling generates bubbles or blistering Hot and humid can create more chances for defects Although 1K, still have a finite potlife in the can (moisture exposure) 2018 Annual Conference

43 Basic Technology and Properties 2K Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings Max 2018 Annual Conference

44 2K Waterborne Polyurethanes are used as alternatives to waterborne and solventborne sealers and coatings Waterborne Polyurethanes: 2K technology with similar properties as 2K solventborne Water is Green Early waterborne coatings had as much as 300g/l of co-solvent New commercial systems are now as low as < 50g/L Offer viable replacement products to solventborne systems Achieves high chemical/abrasion resistance in a waterborne product

45 Crosslinking increases the properties of the 2K Waterborne Polyurethane but adds a mixing step Chemistry: 2K aliphatic waterborne polyurethane based on polyurethane or polyacrylate dispersions and aliphatic hardeners Polyurethane Dispersion OCN Hardener NCO Dry and react to form 2018 Annual Conference A Polyurethane Coating

46 2K Waterborne Polyurethane coatings typically have excellent long term durability and low odor Benefits: Excellent durability Excellent color/gloss retention Gloss to matte finish available Long working time Ultra low VOC (<15g/L) Very low odor Low viscosity - can be used as sealer over polished concrete or pavers Drawbacks: Cold weather/high humidity lengthens cure time Two component - requires mixing step Once cured, needs sanded or abraded in order to recoat 2018 Annual Conference

47 Basic Technology and Properties 1K Moisture Cure Polyurethane Coatings Molly 2018 Annual Conference

48 1K Moisture Curing Polyurethanes are used typically as primers or basecoats for good adhesion moisture cure coatings: 1K technology that adheres to concrete and steel but needs a topcoat for color stability A step up in primer/basecoat technology moisture cure polyurethanes exhibit very good impact resistance Typically contain solvent to reduce the viscosity for good wet-out Finite potlife since they react with moisture in the air and substrate 2018 Annual Conference

49 Moisture Curing Polyurethane coatings are popular in corrosion and flooring coatings Chemistry: 1K aromatic polyurethane coating based on a polyurethane prepolymer OCN Prepolymer NCO Moisture in the Air Reacts and Dries to form 2018 Annual Conference A Polyurethane Coating

50 Moisture Cure Polyurethane coatings are a good balance of performance and cost Benefits: Ease of use one component Excellent adhesion to substrates Tough and impact resistant Very good abrasion/chemical resistance Relatively fast dry-to-touch time Drawbacks: Cold weather/low humidity lengthens cure time Yellows in sunlight so needs a topcoat for colorfastness Over-application or 70%+ RH can cause bubbles 2018 Annual Conference

51 Basic Technology and Properties 2K Solvent-Free Polyurea Coatings Coco 2018 Annual Conference

52 2K Polyurea coatings have grown from a niche to mainstream technology since they first debuted Polyurea Coatings: Plural component, fast curing, high build coatings with excellent abrasion, chemical, and tear resistance Thick Film Coatings Early use was for spray-in truck bed liners First systems were either fast or fast New developments yield slower setting versions Use has expanded into many construction segments such as secondary containment, waterproofing, roofing, and general industrial 2018 Annual Conference

53 2K Polyurea coatings get mixed together at the jobsite typically using plural component spray equipment Chemistry: 2K aromatic polyurea based on amine resins and aromatic hardeners NH 2 [ R O ] n NH 2 Polyetheramine and Amine Resins OCN React to form Hardeners or Prepolymers NCO A Polyurea Coating 2018 Annual Conference

54 2K Polyurea coatings are known for the benefits of fast cure, moisture insensitivity, and high build Benefits: Excellent abrasion and cut resistance Fast cure High build per coat Typically zero VOC Low temperature application possible Drawbacks: Fast cure usually requires plural component equipment Difficult to apply smooth finish Speed can limit adhesion 2018 Annual Conference

55 Basic Technology and Properties 2K Polyaspartic Coatings Thor 2018 Annual Conference

56 2K Polyaspartic Coatings have become popular as an alternative for solventborne acrylics, epoxies, and urethanes Polyaspartic Coatings: High build, fast cure floor and balcony coatings with excellent clarity, longevity, and color pop Paint on Steroids Many floor coatings dry less than 4 mils thick The saying, Like watching paint dry means more labor time Polyaspartic technology allows for one coat, high build finishes Cure times are greatly improved and allow for faster turn-around 2018 Annual Conference

57 Polyaspartic coatings are light stable and have a longer working time than traditional polyureas Chemistry: 2K aliphatic polyurea based on polyaspartic resins and aliphatic hardeners Polyaspartic Resins OCN Hardener NCO React to form 2018 Annual Conference A Polyaspartic Coating

58 Polyaspartic coatings are known for the benefit of fast return to service Benefits: Excellent weathering/durability Fast return-to-service High build per coat VOC compliance Low temperature application possible A polyurea that is brush/roll Excellent color pop over decorative stained floors Drawbacks: Cure time affected by humidity Difficult to downgloss/matte Two component - requires mixing 2018 Annual Conference

59 Case History Examples 2018 Annual Conference

60 Case Histories: Industrial Flooring Parking Decks, Balconies and Garages: Fast cure means shorter return-to-service time and less revenue loss Hangars and Warehousing: High durability dust-down coatings with excellent chemical/hot tire resistance 2018 Annual Conference Healthcare: Resistance to constant mopping with strong disinfection chemicals such as bleach

61 Case Histories: Decorative Flooring Stadiums and other Venues: Durable high gloss coatings go back into service quickly and take the abuse from customers Commercial Space: Hotels, restaurants and universities like the seamless, low odor decorative finishes and quick installation Retail and Education: Grocery store and schools are increasingly using polished concrete as a design element 2018 Annual Conference

62 Maintenance of Water Infrastructure Case History Location: Hammond, IN Contractor: Era Valdivia Contractors Completed: March Cold water pipes had nearly constant condensation 35K ft 2 of hard-to-reach piping prepped using SSPC SP6 and SP10 A multi-coat system: 1K aromatic moisture curing polyurethane primer/intermediate coats, 1K aliphatic moisture curing polyurethane topcoat

63 Energy Innovation Center Case History Location: Contractor: Pittsburgh, PA Semans Contracting Completed: January year old trade school floor was cracked and spalled Cementitious overlay applied and significant remediation performed Final finish was a clear satin 2K aliphatic waterborne polyurethane coating on 30,000 ft² surface 63

64 Ave Maria University - Case History Location: Naples, FL General Contractor: Suffolk and Kraft Completed: August 2007 Initial 80,000 ft² project was spec d in marble but proved to be too costly A durable, low-voc, and ADA compliant floor coating system with the look of aged leather was desired Decorative soy based stain was applied followed by zero-voc 2K aliphatic clear polyaspartic topcoat

65 Springhouse Market and Bakery - Case History Location: Washington, PA General Contractor: Allegheny Inc. Completed: October 2016 Bakery floor had sheet vinyl in place for years with many peeling seams Owner wanted an easier to clean but good looking floor Pigmented 2K aliphatic polyaspartic basecoat, color chips then clear polyaspartic topcoat was applied

66 Summary and Comment Polyurethanes, Polyureas, and Polyaspartics - three coating types synonymous with high performance and durability: - Many similarities between the technologies yet a host of varying properties - Often used in the Infrastructure segment for steel and concrete protection as well as a variety of other applications - These coatings have a long term proven history of in-field use and can extend the service life of infrastructure 2018 Annual Conference

67 Thank You! Any Questions Steven Reinstadtler Follow me on Twitter: SReinstadtler and LinkedIn: Steven Reinstadtler