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1 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Compact Membrane Pumps These operating instructions are to be read operational staff before startup! by

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. General Information 2. Safety Precautions 3. Assembly and Installation 4. Procedures Prior to Startup 5. Startup 6. Shutdown 7. Maintenance 8. Troubleshooting 8.1 Pressure or Output Too Low 8.2 Faulty Membrane Faulty Piston Seal Ring or Cylinder Lining Clogged Relief Bore of Pressure Velve Plate Faulty Valve Plate Seal or Broken Valve Spring Faulty Cylinder Lining Gasket 9. Repairs 9.1 Membrane Replacement 9.2 Valve Ball Replacement 9.3 Valve Seat Replacement 9.4 Piston Replacement / Piston Seal Ring Replacement 9.5 Cylinder Lining Replacement 9.6 Replacing of Compensating Valve Lever Arm/Replacing of Distance Sleeves 9.7 Replacement of Stuffing Box Packing 9.8 Changing the Gearbox Oil 10. Setting Hydraulic Controls

3 Appendix - Storing and Preservation Instructions - How to Store Polyurethane Products - Diagram Membrane Defect

4 1. GENERAL INFORMATION The warranties provided by ABEL are set forth in the terms of sale. Warranty claims are accepted only for pump defects that are the responsibility of ABEL and which occur despite the fact that operating instructions have been observed. Pump use according to the intended application will be assumed. Warranty claims must be communicated to the factory immediately upon discovery of the defect, and must include the pump number and contract number. ABEL is not required to honor claims for payment if defects are remedied by the customer or a third party without the approval of ABEL. We recommend that repair work be done by ABEL Service Technicians. We also recommend having the pump inspected regularly by our service technicians. Main-tenance contracts with ABEL are available for this purpose. The E- and M-numbers (e.g. E059, M010) in this manual are also used in the key on the corresponding sectional drawings. 2. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS The ABEL Compact Membrane Pump is a highly reliable, state-of-the-art piece of equipment. Nevertheless, the machine may be the cause of hazards if not operated by trained personnel or persons at least instructed in its use, and/or if used improperly or not in accordance with specifications. In addition to the most recent version of the regulations for accident prevention, the following safety precautions must always be observed for all work with the pump: Only trained, authorized technicians may install, operate, maintain and repair the pump. Electrical work must be performed by the appropriate specialized technicians. Workers responsible for operating the pump must read, understand and comply with the operating in-structions, most particularly the safety precautions. The operating instructions must be available to the operators at all times. It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure that the pump is operated only when it is in proper working order. Any mode of operation that impairs pump safety must be avoided. Unauthorized modifications and alterations to the pump are not permitted. The operator must report immediately any changes that impair the safety of the pump. Any repair work must be undertaken immediately after the damage is detected. Instructions for conduct in extraordinary circumstances (fire, evacuation routes, etc.) shall be provided by the management and must be known to the operating staff. Access to emergency switches and evacuation routes must be kept clear at all times. Company and statutory safety guidelines must also be adhered to.

5 Your ABEL pump is a high-pressure pump! Before you carry out repair work, turn off the pump! Disconnect the drive motor from the power line! Close the suction and discharge lines! Make certain that the pump is no longer under pressure! Never close the discharge line while the pump is running! Never run the pump without the V-belt guard!

6 The present operating instructions serve as a guideline for the assembly, operation, maintenance and repair of the ABEL Compact Membrane Pump. In addition, any instructions and guidelines specific to the system must also be observed. 3. ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION Place the pump on the foundation, level and fix it se-curely in place. An installation clearance of mm (32-40' ) on all sides is required. The location of the pump should be protected from freezing. If this is not possible, a normal brand of automobile antifreeze must be added to the hydraulic liquid, as per manufacturer s instructions. Check that the sealing and membrane materials withstand the antifreeze used. Lay pipes stress-free and in straight lines as much as possible. Use smooth elbows. Ensure that suction and discharge lines longer than 3 m (10') are well-supported and secured. When possible, the suction line should have a larger nominal diameter than the discharge connection. A suction stabilizer is generally recommended; one suited to the operating conditions can be supplied. Such a suction stabilizer is absolutely necessary in the case of: - suction lines longer than 3 m (10') - negative suction head over 3 m (10') - positive suction head over 5 m (16') - high solids concentration - pumping media temperatures over 50 C (122 F) Provision of an appropriately sized suction-side flush connection for cleaning the pump and pipelines is recommended. Drain and bleed fittings are not required in the dis-charge line. A suitable drain connection for a valve (accessory) is provided at the bottom of the pulsation dampener. When possible, connect the valve to a drain line and connect the drain line to an open waste water system by means of a downward gradient. Open the drain valve below the pulsation dampener periodically for ventilation and completely empty the pulsation dampener (only in pumps without an air charge fitting). At the same time, ensure that the pulsation dampener can draw air (e.g. unscrew sealing plug or pressure gauge on the pulsation dampener). Always ensure that the pump is turned off for ventilation! When positive suction head is present, shut off the suction side of the pump. In the case of external ventilation using compressed air from a supply network, a check valve is required in order to prevent backflow of the pumping medium into the air lines. A connection is included on the pulsation dampener for this purpose. For filling with hydraulic fluid, connection to a fresh water line must be provided (only for pumps using water as the hydraulic fluid and with float valve in the hydraulic reservoir tank).

7 An overflow and drain line must be provided on the hydraulic reservoir tank. Note: the overflow and drain line must not be combined with the pulsation dampener drain line because of the danger of backflow! The overflow must be lower than the fresh water inlet!

8 4. PROCEDURES PRIOR TO STARTUP Important note for start-up procedure: This unit has elastomer parts, such as O-rings, packings, seals and membranes. We assume that, before start-up, the pump is stored in a dry, well airconditioned and frost-free environment. Like all elastomers, these parts are subject to natural aging or hardening if they are stored for long periods. Therefore, in case of delayed start-up, leakages can occur, which means that these parts may have to be replaced. For this reason, these parts are considered wear parts. Check oil level of the gearbox. With the pump stopped, fill to the top of the oil sight gauge. gearbox oil in the ISO VG 220 viscosity class (viscosity of 220 mm2/s at 40 C / ca ft2/s at 104 F). Use Oil (brandmarks) - ESSO Spartan EP DEA Falcon CLP SHELL Omala ARAL Degol TU MOBIL Mobilgear GULF EP HD 220 Gear Filling capacity B approx. 2,25 l = 0,6 gal (US); 0,5 gal (UK) C approx. 7 l = 1,9 gal (US); 1,5 gal (UK) D approx. 18 l = 4,75 gal (US); 3,95 gal (UK) H approx. 18 l = 4,75 gal (US); 3,95 gal (UK) Q approx. 22 l = 5,80 gal (US); 4,80 gal (UK) Fill secondary side (product side). There are different methods of doing so: a) When positive suction head is adequate, open valve in the suction line. b) When an suction-side flush connection is present, fill or flush the pump with water under pressure. Pumps which are equipped with cone valves must have a suction-side flush connection which makes it possible to fill the pump with pressure water. Quality of industrial water is sufficient. Pressure approx. 2-4 bar (30-60 psig) c) If neither a) nor b) apply, proceed as follows: - open discharge-side valve housing cover (M004). - remove valve ball (M010). - fill pump housing with water through the open ball valve. - replace valve ball and valve housing cover. Lightly grease O-ring (M079). Warning: Always fill the secondary side (product side) of the pump first. This puts the membrane in its full rearward position so that it is not overstretched by a discharge stroke of the piston. Fill primary side (hydraulic side):

9 Note: Standard hydraulic fluid is drinking water with 3% anticorrosion additive (such as MOBIL Solvac 1535 GD, mix with hot water). As an alternative, thinbodied insulating oil (such as SHELL Diala oil D, viscosity of max. 40mm2/s, approx 431 ft2/s) may be used as hydraulic fluid.

10 - Open hydraulic reservoir tank. To do so, unscrew wing nut (M204) and remove cover (M164). - Slacken hexagon nuts (M107) and remove controlvalve (E074k) together with gasket (E085). - Fill hydraulic reservoir tank and, as result, the hydraulic side of the pump until the bottom of the hydraulic reservoir tank is covered. - Reinstall control valve together with gasket (E085) and tighten with hexagon nuts (M107). - Fill up with hydraulic fluid until the control valve is just covered or the overflow has been reached (filling capacity hydraulic side: approx. 20 l = 5,3 gal US; 4,4 gal UK). - Replace hydraulic reservoir tank cover and tighten wing nuts. 5. STARTUP Open the valves in the suction and discharge line. Check the direction of rotation of the motor by turning it on briefly (red arrow on the V-belt guard). If necessary, reverse the direction of the motor (only a trained technician may perform this procedure!). Check the oil level in the gearbox. Filling level: top of the oil sight gauge. The pump is ready to operate. Start the pump. Check hydraulic fluid level. The control valve (E074k) should just be covered with fluid. After commissioning, the following checks are to be performed: - Check ball valve and membrane housing covers. Tighten relevant screws (M013) or nuts (M151) in case of a leak. - Check the stuffing box packing. In case of leakage, tighten the packing gland (E046) with a ring wrench (do not cant packing gland). Tighten until a thin film of moisture is visible on the piston rod. 6. SHUTDOWN Switch off the pump. Flushing: - Close suction-side valve. - Open flush connection. Turn on the pump. - After flushing has been completed, switch off the pump and close the discharge side valve. Note: Before starting the pump up again, the discharge and suction-side valves must be opened.

11 If the pump is shut down for relatively long periods, follow the instructions for storage and conservation.

12 7. MAINTENANCE By complying with the following maintenance instructions, you lengthen the service life of your pump and avoid repairs that could be costly. regularly: Check the oil level in the gearbox. Filling level: top edge of the oil sight gauge. Check the hydraulic fluid level in the hydraulic reservoir tank. If necessary, refil until control valve (E074k) is lightly covered. Check the stuffing box packing (E059). In case of leakage tighten packing gland (E046) with a wring wrench until a thin film of moisture is visible on the piston rod. Do not cant packing gland! Open the drain valve below the pulsation dampener periodically for ventilation and completely empty the pulsation dampener (this does not apply for design with air charge fitting). At the same time make sure that the pulsation dampener can draw air (e.g. unscrew seal plug or pressure gauge on the pulsation dampener). Caution: Turn off the pump first! When there is positive suction head, shut off the pump on the suction side. Check relief bore of pressure relief valve plate with the pump running. With each pressure stroke a small amount of hydraulic fluid must flow into the hydraulic reservoir tank. If necessary remove and clean valve plate. Caution: Turn off the pump first! after 500 operating hours: first oil change (gearbox). after 3000 operating hours / 9 months (whichever comes first): oil change (gearbox). after 1 year: replace hydraulic fluid (only for pumps using oil as the hydraulic fluid).

13 8. TROUBLESHOOTING 8.1 Pressure or Output Too Low Pump draws air on product side. Check suction line for leaks. Suction line blocked. Clean suction line. Faulty membrane(s). Replace membrane(s). It is imperative that you observe section 8.2 on this point. Ball valves worn (e.g. ball is out of round, seat is eroded), or foreign body between valve ball (M010) and seat (M011). Clean ball valves or replace valve ball and seat. Strainer (M103) contaminated or compensating bore of control valve clogged. Clean/replace strainer or clean compensating bore. Compensating valve stem (M045) worn. Replace compensating valve stem. Air between the membranes. Unscrew leakage detection device (hose valve, Mo60k) and clean bore. Fill pump housing water (see section 4). Then reinstall hose valve (replace hose if necessary). with Spacer sleeves (M113a, M114a, M115b) worn. Result: Compensating valve lever arm (M064) either excessive lateral play or canted. Note: When it seems as though the system is not pumping, the problem can often be found in the system components downstream of the pump (such as the chamber filter press). For this reason, check the system by slowly closing the discharge line with the pump running (do not close it completely!). If the pressure rises, the cause of the problem may be downstream from the pump. 8.2 Faulty Membrane Damage to a membrane makes itself evident by the dis-charge of sludge or hydraulic fluid through the hose valve (M060k). As a rule, replacing the faulty membrane(s) without knowing the cause is not sufficient. For this reason, make use of the information below to track down the cause, so that you may extend the service life of your pump s membranes.

14 8.2.1 Faulty Piston Seal Ring (E067a) or Cylinder Lining If the piston seal ring is worn or faulty, hydraulic fluid travels unchecked from the high-pressure side of the piston to the low-pressure side (see illustration). The seal between the two cylinder sides is not maintained. As a result, too much hydraulic fluid is contained in the cylinder side on the subsequent discharge stroke - the membranes are overstretched and destroyed. piston seal ring cylinder liner A faulty cylinder liner (E048) has exactly the same con-sequences. Impurities score the surface of the liner, and hydraulic separation of the two cylinder chambers is no longer secure Clogged Relief Bore of Pressure Relief Valve Plate With each pressure stroke of the piston, a set quantity of hydraulic fluid is transferred to the hydraulic reservoir via a bore in the pressure relief valve plate. With the suc-tion stroke, the missing amount is replenished via the compensating bore in the control valve housing (M158). This working cycle ensures that the membrane gets into its mechanical end position at the support plate (M071) when a suction stroke has been completed. Thus, overstretching of the membranes during a pressure stroke is impossible. When the bore in the pressure relief valve plate is clogged the working cycle described above is interrupted. Due to excessive amount of hydraulic fluid on the hydraulic side overstretching may occur resulting in damage to the membranes Compensating Valve Spring (M156) Cracked or Valve Plate Seal (M096) Defective During the suction stroke, the pump lifts the compensating valve plate (M094) via the compensating valve lever arm (M064) and the compensating valve stem (M045) against the force of the compensating valve spring. As a result, hydraulic fluid may flow from the hydraulic reservoir to the hydraulic side. When the valve spring has cracked or the plate seal is defective an uncontrolled quantity of hydraulic fluid may flow to the hydraulic side. Result: The membranes will be over-stretched and destroyed Faulty Cylinder Lining Gasket (E049) If the cylinder lining gasket becomes worn, hydraulic fluid is forced around the outside of the lining into the other side of the cylinder at every discharge stroke. This excess of fluid overstretches and destroys the membrane during the subsequent discharge stroke.

15 9. REPAIRS Your ABEL pump is a high-pressure pump! Before you carry out repair work, turn off the pump! Disconnect the drive motor from the power line! Close the suction and discharge lines! Make certain that the pump is no longer under pressure! 9.1 Membrane Replacement Flushing the pump beforehand is recommended in order to prevent sludge from emerging when the product side is opened (see Section 6). Drain hydraulic side: Remove control valves (E074k) (see section 4) and hexagon head screw plug from the cylinder bottom. Collect hydraulic fluid, if any. Replace hexagon head screw plug using a new seal ring. Drain product side: a) Pumps with internal (integrally cast) ball valves: - Open suction and pressure side valve housing cover (M004). Caution: Flush water will be emitted! b) Pumps with external ball valves: - Open suction side valve housing cover (M004). Caution: Flush water will be emitted! Secure pump housing in such a way that it cannot fall. Support suction and pressure line, if necessary. Slacken hexagon nuts (M151) and remove pump housing (M001). Remove membranes, spacer ring (M058), support plate (M071). Caution: If both membranes are defective, sludge will have entered the hydraulic side. In this case, the entire hydraulic side (including hydraulic reservoir tank) must be flushed thoroughly! Unscrew and clean leakage detection outlet (hose valve, M060k). Renew and, if necessary, replace hose (M091) and seal ring (M060A). Install support plate using a new support plate gasket (M111). Mount the back membrane in such a way that the imprinted arrow is on top. Apply a very thin coat of non-corrosive, clean grease on the front face of the membrane. Insert safety ring. Make sure that the lateral bore in the safety ring is not obstructed. Mount the front (product-side) membrane. The membrane must be clean and free from dust. Install membrane housing. Replace gasket (M710 or M080), if necessary. Secure membrane housing tightening hexagon nuts (M151) in opposing pairs. Fill product and hydraulic sides as described in section 4 (Procedures Prior to Startup). Install ball valve cover using new O-rings (M079). 9.2 Valve Ball (M010) Replacement Open valve housing cover (M004). Caution: Flush water will be emitted! Replace valve ball and mount cover using a new O-ring (M079).

16 9.3 Valve Seat (M011) Replacement Remove valve ball as described under 9.2.

17 9.3.1 Pumps with Internal (Integrally Cast) Ball Valves Unscrew hexagon nuts (M151) and hexagon screws holding the suction and pressure lines. Secure membrane housing in such a way that it cannot fall down. Support suction and pressure lines, if necessary. Carefully pull membrane housing from the pump. The valve seats have a flanged edge. Using a brass mandrel carefully drive the valve seats out of the hou-sing in the direction of the ball valve. Apply a thin coat of 'Loctite 243' on the outside of the seats and mount them. Using an appropriate brass mandrel (the diameter of the mandrel must be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the valve seat) drive the flanged edge outwards securing the valve seat in the housing (see figure). Drwg. 9.1 Assemble in reverse order. The hexagon nuts (M151) have to be tightened in opposing pairs. Insert valve ball and tighten ball valve cover Pumps with External Ball Valves Unscrew hexagon head screws (M150) for the membrane housing and for the suction and pressure lines. Support suction or pressure line and remove relevant ball valve. Force out and replace valve seat. Assemble in reverse order. Insert valve ball and tighten ball valve cover Pumps with cone valve, Exchange of the cone valve sealing ring Completely disassemble the valves (with housing). Detach cone and cone valve. By removing the screw (M1156), the cone can be disassembled. Turn or replace the sealing ring. If one part is worn, the sealing ring can be turned and still used. Re-assemble the cone. Attention: Glue in the screw M1156 to prevent it from loosening.

18 9.4 Piston (E065k) Replacement / Piston Seal Ring (E067a) Replacement Drain hydraulic side as described under 9.1. Unscrew hexagon head screws (E050) and remove cylinder cover. Bring piston to full forward position by turning the large V-belt pulley. Unscrew and remove hex nut(s) (E069a, E069). Note: The piston rod must not be allowed to turn with the nuts while they are being unscrewed! Pull piston all the way out. When the piston can not be pulled out easily: - Loosen two of the hexagon screws (E201) in the piston collar ring (E065) and screw in matching thread rods so that the piston can be pulled out (only possible for piston diameters 120, 130, 140). or - Rotate the large V-belt pulley to move the piston rod backwards. - Put a feather key or a similar part between piston rod and piston end plate (E068). - Rotate the large V-belt pulley carefully to move the piston rod forward forcing the piston slowly out of the cylinder lining (see figure). Feather key or similar part. piston rod Drwg Check cylinder lining (E048) for damage. Replace complete piston or replace piston seal rings; to do so, - Bend up washers (E202) and remove hex screws (E201). - Install new piston rings. - Assemble piston, screw together using hex screws (E201) and secure with new washers (E202) (tab washers). Bring piston rod forward by turning the large V-belt pulley. Push rear piston cover, new piston, and front piston cover onto the piston rod and secure with piston rod nuts (E069, E069a). Put cylinder cover with new O-ring (E051) in place. Lightly grease the O-ring beforehand Tighten hex nuts diagonally. Insert drain plugs (E096) with new seal rings (M075). Fill hydraulic side (see Section 4).

19 9.5 Cylinder Lining (E048) Replacement Remove piston as described in section 9.4 and inspect for damage. Unscrew hexagon socket head cap screws (E087) and insert appropriate threaded pins into the tapped holes on the front side. Thereupon pull out cylinder lining. Install new cylinder lining using a new gasket (E049) and tighten with hexagon socket head cap screws. Continue with assembly as described in section Replacing of Compensating Valve Lever Arm (M064)/ Replacing of Distance Sleeves (M113a, M114a, M115b) Remove membranes as described under 9.1. Unscrew hinge pin plugs (M077) on both sides. Remember the arrangement of the spacer sleeves. Forcing out the control rod (M065) remove compensating valve lever arm together with distance sleeves. Replace compensating valve lever arm or distance sleeves respectively. Assemble in reverse order. Before assembly the compensating valve lever arm and the hinge pin plugs have to be lightly greased inside and sealing ring (M077A) has to be inspected 9.7 Replacement of Stuffing Box Packing (E059) Unscrew hex nuts (E056a) and carefully pull packing gland (E046) toward the gearbox. Pull out old packing with packing extractor. Lightly lubricate new stuffing box rings (gear type D: 7 pieces, gear type H: 5 pieces) and place them so that the cut edges of the rings are offset with respect to one another. Reinsert packing gland and tighten slightly with the hex nuts. Apply a few drops of oil to the piston rod. After switching on the pump, tighten the packing gland by means of the hex nuts if necessary. Tighten it until a thin film of moisture is visible on the piston rod. 9.8 Changing the Gearbox Oil Remove oil plug (E013a). Remove bottom oil plug (oil drain plug, E013). Collect oil. Screw oil plug (E013) back in with new seal (E120). Fill with gearbox oil to the top edge of the oil sight gauge. Screw oil plug (E013a) back in. Oil (brandmarks) - ESSO Spartan EP DEA Falcon CLP SHELL Omala ARAL Degol TU MOBIL Mobilgear GULF EP HD 220 Gear Filling capacity B approx. 2,5 l = 0,6 gal (US); 0,5 gal (UK) C approx. 7 l = 1,9 gal (US); 1,5 gal (UK) D approx. 18 l = 4,75 gal (US); 3,95 gal (UK) H approx. 18 l = 4,75 gal (US); 3,95 gal (UK)

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21 10. SETTING HYDRAULIC CONTROL Note: The settings of the full-stroke safety valves must not be changed without authorization! Never set the response pressure higher than the max. operating pressure specified on the nameplate. Each control valve (control/safety valve, E074k) is set to the maximum delivery pressure (max filter press pressure). Before setting the valves, the hydraulic side of the pump has to be filled up as described in section 4. Install control valve. Slacken hexagon nut (M147) of the installed valve and fully unscrew adjusting bolt (M140). Activate pump. Close gate valve in the discharge line and, thereupon, open by one turn. Do not close it completely! Monitoring the gauge slowly turn adjusting bolt (M140) until the valve opens at the desired pressure. Lock adjusting bolt with hexagon nut (M147). Shut down pump and open gate valve. By checking the gauge make sure that no pressure is present. Remove the set control valve. Install second valve above the second pump housing (with gasket, E085) and repeat setting procedure (identical opening pressure). The compensating and non-return valve parts are already set. Correct setting can only be tested by a functional check. Adjustment of the hydraulic control depends very much on site conditions (e.g. installation, sludge). Therefore, we recommend that this work is carried out by ABEL Service Technicians.

22 STORING AND PRESERVATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR ABEL COMPACT MEMBRANE PUMPS TYPE The following storage instructions for the ABEL Compact Membrane Pumps type are to be strictly complied with in order to avoid faults after start-up. 1. Pump Preservation - Rinse, then dewater and dry* the fluid end of the pump. - Empty and dry* the hydraulic end. - Lubricate* the piston rod (E032 k). - Dry* the control valve and then dip it into thin-bo-died oil. - Lubricate all exposed threads with corrosion grease. Furthermore, in the event of down time lasting three months up to one year: - Disassemble support plate gasket (M111), membranes (M055), valve balls (M010) and valve seats (M011). For Polyurethane products, follow the attached "How to store Polyurethane products"! - Put blocking discs between suction valves and suction manifolds in order to avoid a mistaken start up without membranes. - Preserve the gear with preservation oil (e.g. Shell Ensis Fluid). Drain gear oil, fill with preservation oil, turn the big V-belt pulley several times and then drain the preservation oil. Follow the instruction of the preservation oil manufacturer. - Slacken the V-belt. Furtermore, in the event of down time lasting one year ore more: - Remove and store the piston and the stuffing box packing. 2. The pump should be stored in a dry, frost-protected and air-conditioned environment. Don't store any solvents, lubricants or chemicals together with the pump and the component parts. 3. Measures prior to restarting - Check for damages and, if necessary, change all parts which are subject to natural aging, e.g. membranes, valve balls, valve seats, seals etc. - Install support plate gasket, membranes, valve seats and valve balls. If necessary install piston and stuffing box packing. - Remove the blocking discs. - Fill with gear oil up to the top mark of the oil-level gauge. - Tighten V-belt (if necessary). - When the motor has been stored for more than three years, the bearings must be filled with fresh grease (for which they must be dismantled). - Oil the piston rod slightly. 4. Start up the pump according to operating instructions. The measures marked with * are generally carried out by ABEL. All other preservation works are only made on consultation with the customer!

23 HOW TO STORE POLYURETHANE PRODUCTS Like for all other elastomer materials, the life of polyurethane products is limited, due to natural aging. For the storage, the following points are to be considered: - Polyurethane products are to be stored in airconditioned rooms with a temperature of approx. 25 C and a humidity of less than 50 %. - Polyurethane products should not be directly exposed to sunlight (discoloration of material). - Hang flat membranes to allow air circulation. Note: Do not shrink-wrap polyurethane products, as the air circulation is not ensured!

24 Membrane defect Setup according to operating instruction Normal wear yes Replace membranes no yes Aging no yes Destruction by foreign bodies no overstretching punctureetype hole yes piston sealring cylinderli check and replace sealinge80 sealing M96 no bleed port yes clean fault in clamp area yes Smouth edges of safety rings, membrane housings,support plates no worn by chem. solution yes Change to resistance membrane material no Worn by temperature yes