FALCON SERVICE ADVISORY

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1 Cold Weather Operations Jan 10, 11 Origin: Field Status: Closed Classification: Maint & Ops REASON At the approach of winter, we would like to offer some additional guidance for operating your aircraft in cold weather conditions. In particular, following several in-service events involving water ingress in the galley area, we highly recommend that the flight crews comply with the procedures for water draining during all winter operations. INFORMATION OPERATING PROCEDURES Cold weather operations are addressed in: Operation in Icing Conditions Cold Weather Operations Operation on Contaminated Runways Ground De-Icing and Anti-Icing F900 AFM F900 A/B 4-20 Operating Manual F900C F900 A/B F900C Performance Manual F900A Supplement 3 F900 B/C F900 A/B 3-55 F900C The above procedures specifically detail the fuel selection, ground operation, de-icing, starting, taxiing and take-off. Supplement 3A 450B 1/5

2 Based on field experience, we would like to highlight the following points: MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES (ATA 05) MP "Measures to be taken for cold weather operation" should be complied with if the airplane is operated or parked in continuous freezing temperatures for more than 15 consecutive flights. PARKING (ATA 10) - Chock all wheels (2 chocks per landing gear is recommended) and release the parking brake, in order to prevent the brake disks from freezing. - Unload any liquid that could freeze and potentially burst (soft drinks, plastic bottled water etc ). SNOW ACCUMULATION - In driving snow, head the aircraft into the wind if possible. - Snow accumulation will shift the Center of Gravity aft. In snowy conditions, if it is not possible to shelter the aircraft, some preventive measures are required: - Moor the airplane to the ramp as per Ground Servicing Manual, Section Mooring in snowy conditions, - Avoid critical load distributions, to prevent the aircraft from tipping backwards, - Ballast the aircraft forward. The Loading Manual, Section 4, page 2 presents an example of snow accumulation on weight and balance. Use of heated air for snow removal should be carefully monitored to prevent melted snow water from re-freezing at a more critical point of the airplane. Heated air should be blown long enough to thoroughly dry the area. FROST ACCUMULATION In case of frost snow or rime ice on the aircraft s white surfaces (airplane s exterior painted in white), or in case of clear ice on an upper wing surface of any color, the pilot may not be able to see the phenomenon form the cockpit, so that it may be necessary to conduct a visual and tactile inspection of the airplane. Dassault recommends conducting this inspection no more than 5 minutes prior to take-off. 450B 2/5

3 MAIN BATTERIES (ATA 24) Dassault Falcon recommends that aircraft main batteries be removed whenever the ambient temperature is forecast to be below +5 F (-15 C). Dassault recognizes that operational considerations may prevent this from being consistently applied each time temperatures reach this threshold. Please refer also to FSA Removal of main batteries in cold weather conditions. This is applicable to lead-acid and NiCad batteries. There is no need to remove the standby / emergency batteries from the aircraft. LANDING GEAR (ATA 32) PROXIMITY SWITCHES Check the adjustment of the WOW proximity switches prior to the winter season, in accordance with MP , , "Removal/Installation - Adjustment / Tests of landing gears proximity sensors". As the detection field of the proximity switch decreases with the colder temperature, a proximity switch slightly out of tolerance may lead to an interruption of the gear retraction sequence. Dassault Falcon also recommends checking the proximity switches for contamination (ice, slush, grease, etc ). BRAKES Several landings with frozen brakes have occurred on Falcons. These cases occurred after departing from a contaminated airport: runways, or ramps or taxiways covered by snow, slush or standing water (regardless of the OAT). This situation may also occur after the aircraft has been parked for a period of time in conditions that could result in moisture contamination of the wheel and brake assemblies. Items to prevent frozen brakes are included in taxi, take-off, landing and parking phases of flight as described in Operating Manual Section 3-50 (F900 A/B) or Section (F900C). Note: Brake freezing has also been reported after the aircraft was washed. Maintenance Procedure "Aircraft exterior cleaning" details washing and states that aircraft exterior cleaning must be avoided in cold weather. Should the aircraft need washing, the wheels and brakes must be protected during this operation. Additionally, moderate braking during taxi is recommended, to heat up the brakes and melt any ice accretion. Finally, Service Bulletin F R3 covers the installation of a brake heating system, to dry the brake units during climb and descent phases. Dassault Falcon advises the operators to consider implementing this Service Bulletin. Also, please refer to FSA : Catalytic Oxidation of Aircraft Carbon Brakes due to Runway De-Icing (RDI) and FSA Transport Category Airplanes Equipped with Carbon Brakes: Recommendations to Prevent Freezing. 450B 3/5

4 WATER SYSTEM (ATA 38) Several failures of water drain valves have been experienced on the F900 fleet in winter, as water freezing in the water system may occur during a prolonged stay on the ground. To avoid this problem, if your airplane were to be parked in freezing temperatures (32 F / 0 C or lower) for any period of time, the water system must be pneumatically drained in accordance with Ground Servicing Manual Section In particular, when draining is completed and the water tank gauge reads zero, open all faucets and the pressurization valve until only air flows through the lines. Make sure that the complete water system is fully drained: the galley, coffee maker, forward and rear lavatory sinks and toilet(s). In preparation for the airplane's departure, after water refill, Dassault Falcon also recommends supplying water to the galley - CABIN WATER SUPPLY and AIR SUPPLY valves (ON) - only when the cabin is warm enough. This recommendation will be added in an upcoming revision to the Ground Servicing Manual. DE-ICING PROCEDURES (ATA 51) We remind you the following information and precautions to consider in case you need to deice your airplane: Operating Manual Section 3-55 (F900 A/B) or Section (F900C) Ground de-icing and anti-icing describes flight crew procedures. To complement Operating Manual guidelines, de-icing and preventive anti-icing procedures are also described in Maintenance Procedure "Ground de-icing and preventive anti-icing". Ensure that de-icing teams take special care not to spray directly around the APU air intake, engine inlets, louvers, diffusers, ventilation or drainage holes, or brakes. CAUTION: It is prohibited to perform a second anti-icing treatment if the airplane has not flown after the first application. A second application would dangerously overload the airplane. If an aircraft undergoes anti-icing but does not fly, it must be cleaned either by washing or de-icing depending on outside temperature. WARNING: do not operate APU while airplane de-icing is in progress. Ingestion of combustible de-icing fluid may result in an uncontrolled over-speed. The use of type III anti-icing fluid is now allowed. Operating Manual Section 3-55 (F900 A/B) or Section (F900C) will be updated with the relevant Hold Over Time (HOT) tables (for all fluid types). Until then, you may find these tables on the Transport Canada website 450B 4/5

5 Note also that EASA released a Safety Information Bulletin (SIB dated Sept. 14 th, 2010: download is possible at related to potential performance degradation of anti-icing fluids and reduced Holdover Times. In this SIB, EASA recommends that de-icing/anti-icing applications are performed in a two-step process as described in Association of European Airlines (AEA) Recommendations for De-Icing / Anti-Icing of Aeroplanes on the Ground, and AEA Training Recommendations and Background Information for De-Icing /Anti-Icing of Aircraft on the Ground, (both retrievable at the following link: which also reduces the formation of gel residues. Usually, the de-icing fluids are contributing factors of corrosion. Please refer to FSA Specific maintenance for aircraft operating in corrosive environment and FSA Corrosion on electrical connectors in main landing gear wheel well to make sure that conform maintenance is carried out to your airplane. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS Specific care should be given to the following points: - Do not park the aircraft in temperature lower than -40 F (-40 C) for more than 24 hours (IAC-Aviation Register requirement, applicable to the aircraft registered in the Confederation of Independent States, which includes Russia and Ukraine). - Pre-heat the engines if the external temperature is lower than -31 F (-35 C), using warm air (maximum air temperature: 158 F (70 C)). - Operation of the airplane on the ground is not permitted for temperature below -54 C/- 65 F. The airplane temperature limits is detailed in AFM An appropriate lubricant should be applied to all door sealing, hinges, key holes and seats tracks. After cold soak at temperature below -30 C / -22 F, disregard small fluid leaks (hydraulic, oil, fuel) at engine or actuator levels as these leaks are acceptable if they disappear as engine or hydraulic system warm-up. 450B 5/5

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