Islamic Development Bank

Transcription

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2 Islamic Development Bank KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATISTICS ON IDB MEMBER COUNTRIES STATISTICAL MONOGRAPH NO. 24 ECONOMIC POLICY AND STRATEGIC DEPARTMENT Jumada I 1425H (July 2004)

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4 PREFACE Key Socio-Economic Statistics on IDB Member Countries (Statistical Monograph) is the annual flagship statistical publication of the Islamic Development Bank presenting social, economic, and financial data on IDB member countries. Since its first edition in 1980, the Statistical Monograph has evolved in terms of the indicators covered, overall quality, responsiveness to users needs, user-friendliness, and readability. Its primary aim, at inception, was to provide readily available data on socio-economic indicators of IDB member countries to assist IDB in monitoring developments in its member countries and respond appropriately and timely to national (or regional or global) developmental issues that could affect its mission. In recent years, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) -- which call for setting targets and benchmarks, and the development of statistical indicators for measuring progress and results, for evaluating success and failures, and for evaluating policies and responses have identified data as a linchpin for undertaking assessment of member countries. In this context, the Statistical Monograph, in addition to containing selected key indicators for monitoring progress towards achieving the MDGs at country level, also contains aggregate statistics on IDB member countries as a group which are not readily available in any international and national statistical publications. Moreover, the Statistical Monograph would help researchers on IDB member countries to have access to comparable data as well as reliable aggregate statistics for use in their works. As in earlier editions, the indicators covered in the Statistical Monograph are grouped under three main headings: Demographic and Human Development Indicators (Part 1), Macroeconomic Indicators (Part II) and External Sector Economic Indicators (Part III). Part 1 provides indicators on demography, population structure, vital statistic, health, education, poverty and human development, information and communication technology, employment, wage, productivity and competitiveness, environment, land use, food and agricultural production, which are used to assess progress in social and human development. Part II provides information on national accounts, government finance, inflation, money supply, and exchange rates and interest rate. National accounts data provide essential information on the economic performance in terms of growth and structure of output, investments, and savings. Part III provides indicators on external trade, balance of payments, external debt and financial flows. In each part, the Monograph presents highlights of major trends and analysis of the indicators covered. In addition, it also shows the performances of IDB and OIC economies for various years, together with, for comparative purposes, those of developing countries, least developed countries, high-income countries, and the world. Data for the Statistical Monograph No. 24 were sourced from the IDB Live Database (which was set up by the World Bank in December 2002) and from online databases, publications and CD ROMs of several international institutions including the IMF, UNCTAD, FAO, UNDP, WRI, and OECD. We would like to register our thanks and appreciation to all these institutions for their cooperation and continuous exchange of data with IDB. This Statistical Monograph was prepared in the Statistics Section of the Economic Policy and Strategic Planning (EPSP) Department of the Islamic Development Bank by Dr. Abdullateef Bello and assisted by Br. Abul-Bashar Majumder. STATISTICS SECTION ECONOMIC POLICY DIVISION ECONOMIC POLICY AND STRATEGIC PLANNING DEPARTMENT iii

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6 CONTENTS Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations... xi Data Sources... xii PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS Highlights Demographic Statistics... 9 Mid-Year Population... 9 Population Growth rate Population structure Gender Population age composition Dependency ratios Vital Statistics Population Density Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Total Fertility Rate Mortality Under-5 Mortality Rate Infant Mortality Rate Maternal Mortality Rate Education Adult Illiteracy Rate Primary School Enrolment Ratio Secondary School Enrolment Ratio Health Life Expectancy at birth Access to Safe Water Access to Sanitation Access to Drugs Physicians Hospital Beds Health Expenditure Total health expenditure (% GDP) Public expenditure on health (% GDP Private expenditure on health (% GDP) Health expenditure per capita (US$) v

7 1.8 Poverty and Human Development Population below national poverty line Population below $1 a day and $2 a day Human Poverty Index Gini Index Human Development Index Information and Communication Technology Indicators Daily Newspapers Radio Television sets Telephone mainlines Personal Computers Internet Users ICT expenditure Science and Technology Scientists and engineers in R&D Technicians in R&D Science and technical journal articles Expenditures for R&D High-technology exports Patent applications filed Trademark applications filed Employment Labour force Percentage of labour force in Agriculture Percentage of labour force in Industry Percentage of labour force in Services Wage, Productivity, and Competitiveness Average hours worked Minimum wage Labour cost per worker in manufacturing Value-added per worker in manufacturing World Competitiveness Ranking Environment Forest area Deforestation CO 2 emissions Land Use Arable Land (% Land Area) Cropped Land (% Land Area) Others (% Land Area) Arable Land per capita vi

8 1.15 Food Production Wheat Maize Rice Agricultural and Per Capita Production Indices Food and Per Capita Production Indices PART II: MACRO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS Highlights Output (Gross Domestic Product) Growth of Output Structure of Output Agriculture Industry Manufacturing Services Sectoral Growth Rates Agriculture Industry Manufacturing Services Per Capita Output and Income Gross National Income (GNI) Per Capita GNI Per Capita GDP Structure of Demand Private Consumption Government Consumption Gross Domestic Investment Export of Goods & Services Import of Goods & Services Investment, Saving, and Resource Gap Gross National Savings Gross Domestic Investment Gross Domestic Savings Resource Gap vii

9 2.8 Growth of Demand Private Consumption Government Consumption Gross Domestic Investment Export of Goods & Services Government Finance Current Revenue Expenditure and net lending Budget Surplus/Deficit Inflation All Items Annual Average Food Annual Average GDP Implicit Deflator Annual percentage change Growth Rate Relative Prices and Exchange Rates Exchange Rate arrangements Official exchange rate Ratio of PPP to official exchange rate Real effective exchange rate Purchasing power parity conversion factor Interest rate Deposit Lending Real Money Supply Narrow Money (M1) Broad Money (M2) Financial Depth and Efficiency Domestic credit by banking sector Liquid liabilities Quasi-liquid liabilities Ratio of bank liquid reserves to bank assets Interest rate spread Risk premium on lending viii

10 PART III: EXTERNAL SECTOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS Highlight Merchandise Exports (f.o.b) Growth rate Merchandise Import (c.i.f) Growth rate Terms of Trade Structure of merchandise exports Structure of merchandise imports Tariff All products Primary products Manufactured products Intra-IDB Countries Trade Intra-IDB countries Exports Intra-IDB Countries Imports Openness of economy Direction of Trade: Exports Direction of Trade: Imports Intra-Trade by Regional groupings Exports of Five Core Commodities Exports Concentration & Diversification Imports Concentration & Diversification Balance of Payments Goods and Services Net Income Net current transfer Current account balance International Reserves and Ratio to Imports Debt Indicators Present value of debt ix

11 Percentage of GNP Percentage of Exports Total External Debt Percentage of GNP Percentage of Exports Debt Service Percentage of GNP Percentage of Exports Net Financial Flows Net Resource Flows Official Development Assistance Foreign Direct Investment Investment Climate Credit Markets Composite ICRG risk rating Institutional Investor credit rating Euromoney country credit-worthiness rating Moody's sovereign long-term debt rating S&P's sovereign long-term debt rating Private Sector Development Net projects financing of the IDB Group IDB Group Trade Financing, Special Assistance Operations, and Total Operations Technical Note Glossary x

12 SYMBOLS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Symbols.. Data not available 0.0 The figure exists, but in rounding is set equal to zero. -- Aggregate is not computed because more than one-third of the observations in the series is missing in a given year. % Percentage '000 Thousands Acronyms and Abbreviations c.i.f f.o.b FAO GDP GNP GNI IDB IMF LDCs MCs MFIs ODA OECD OIC UNCTAD UNDP WRI XGS Cost, insurance, and freight Free on board Food and Agricultural Organization Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Gross National Income Islamic Development Bank International Monetary Fund Least Developed Countries IDB Member Countries Multilateral Financial Institutions Official Development Assistance Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Organization of the Islamic Conference United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme World Resources Institute Export of goods and services x

13 Data Sources 1. FAO, FAOSTAT Online, June IDB, Live Database, June IMF, Direction of Trade Statistic, CD-ROM, March IMF, International Financial Statistics Online, June OECD, International Development Statistics Online, June UNCTAD, Handbook of Statistics, CD-ROM UNDP, Human Development Report, World Bank, Global Development Finance, CD-ROM World Bank, World Development Indicators, CD-ROM WRI, World Resources CD-ROM xii

14 PART I DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

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16 1. DEMOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 1.1 Population In 2002, the population of IDB member countries reached 1.2 billion compared with the estimated figures of 0.7 billion and 0.9 billion recorded in 1980 and 1990 respectively. In terms of share in world population, the IDB member countries population represented about 20 percent of the world s in Three IDB member countries had more than 100 million population in 2002: Indonesia (212 million), Pakistan (145 million) and Bangladesh (136 million). On the other hand, the least populated IDB member countries in 2002 were Maldives (0.3 million), Brunei (0.4 million) and Suriname (0.4 million). Between 1993 and 2002, the annual population growth rate of IDB member countries was 2.0 per cent compared with a growth rate of 2.4 recorded over a decade earlier ( ). This decline in growth rate over two decades ( and ) is consistent with trend observed for the LDCs (2.6% to 2.3%), Developing Countries (1.9% to 1.5%), and the World (1.7% to 1.3%). At the country level, Kuwait experienced the highest population growth rate over two decades from -1.0 per cent in to 4.4 per cent in while Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone achieved constant population rate of 2.4 per cent and 2.2 per cent respectively during two decades ( and ). Given that that the determinants of population growth of IDB member countries in would remain constant in the future, it is expected that the population of IDB member countries would double in 35 years. In 2002, IDB member countries had slightly more male-population that female-population: 50.5 per cent males as against 49.5 per cent females. In Qatar and UAE, for every one female, there were about two (2) males in the population in 2002 whilst in 4 countries (Djibouti, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Mozambique) the proportion of females exceeded the males by at least two percentage points. In terms of population age composition of IDB member countries, about 60 per cent of the total population in 2002 were in working age group (15-64 years), whilst the youths (aged 0-14 years) accounted 36 per cent, and the remaining 4 per cent of the population were in the old age group (65+ years). Total dependency burden on working and productive age group varies in IDB member countries according to age structure. In 2002, every 100 persons of the working age group in the IDB member countries were responsible, on average, for support of 67 people. At country level, the dependency ratio ranged from 37 per cent in Kuwait to 107 per cent in Chad in Vital Statistics and Mortality There were 39 persons per square kilometer in the combined IDB member countries in 2002 compared to 33 persons in square kilometer in This increase in person per square kilometer in IDB countries is not consistent with the trend observed in the developing countries where there were as high as 53 persons per sq. km. in 2002 as compared with 57 persons per sq. km. in More than half of the IDB member countries in 2002 had population density higher than the average of the world's population density. In 2002, the crude birth rate of IDB member countries as a group inched down to 28 per 1,000 persons from 34 per 1,000 persons in Similarly, the crude death rate of IDB member countries as a group also dropped from 11 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 9 per 1,000 persons in Consequently, the natural growth rate of population ---the difference 3

17 between the crude birth rate and crude death rate--- inched down from 23 per 1,000 persons in 1990 to 19 per 1,000 persons in Total fertility rate of IDB member countries as a group decreased marginally from 5 births per woman in 1990 to 4 births per woman in 2002; these figures are relatively and slightly more than the developing countries' and world's rate of 3 birth per woman in Indeed, the number of birth per woman in IDB member countries is twice as high as those experienced in high income countries of 2 birth per woman. More than half of IDB member countries had number of births per woman than exceeded the average of the IDB member countries as a group. In 1990, for every 1000 live births in IDB member countries, 114 died before reaching the age of 5. However, by 2002, the under-5 mortality rate in IDB member countries had dropped significantly to 83 per 1,000 live births. By contrast, the infant mortality rate of IDB member countries as a group which was 77 per 1,000 live births in 1990 also dropped to 58 per 1,000 live births in It is intuitive that these figures are indicative of improvement in health services in member countries, but more concerted efforts would be needed to meet the Millennium Declaration goals that targeted a reduction of both infant and under-5 mortality rates by two-thirds in Education Education is an important enabler to reaping the benefits of globalization and achieving economic growth and prosperity. Universal primary education for the world population is clearly embedded in the Millennium development goals which call for reduction in illiteracy rate at country level. The adult illiteracy rate of IDB member countries as a group declined from 43 per cent in 1990 to 32 per cent in Amongst the IDB member countries, illiteracy rate ranged from 1 per cent in both Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to 83 per cent in Niger in However, in terms of enrollment in primary and secondary schools, the average ratios for the IDB member countries increased respectively by 10 per cent and 17 per cent between 1990 and At the country level, 14 IDB member countries witnessed a decline in gross primary school enrolment ratio whilst 7 countries also experienced a drop in gross secondary school enrolment ratio since Health A child born in 2002 in IDB member countries is expected to have an average life span of 63 years whereas he or she would have had an average life expectancy of 60 years in Thus, in just 12 years the average life expectancy of IDB member countries had increased by 3 years; this trend contrasted sharply with those observed in the developing countries and the World which had life expectancy of 65 years and 67 years respectively in At country level, the life expectancy ranged from 37 years in Sierra-Leone to 77 years in Brunei and Kuwait. The percentage of population in IDB member countries with access to safe water, sanitation, and drugs increased generally in most of the years for which data are available. During the year 200, the population with access to improved safe water in IDB member countries ranged from 13 per cent in Afghanistan to 100 per cent in Djibouti, Lebanon, and Maldives whilst the population with access to sanitation also ranged from 12 per cent in Afghanistan to 100 per cent in Kyrgyz Republic and Saudi Arabia. In every 1,000 people there was an average of 0.6 physicians in IDB member countries in 1980 but during the period , the number of physicians per 1,000 people in IDB 4

18 member countries ranged from 0.1 physicians per 1,000 people in Afghanistan, Comoros, and Senegal to 3.6 physicians per 1,000 people in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In 2001, the IDB member countries as a group expended 4.2 per cent of their total output (GDP) in health as compared to 3.2 per cent in The figure for 2001 is unfortunately not at par with the share for the world at 9.8 per cent, high-income countries at 10.8 per cent, and developing countries at 5.8 per cent. The individual IDB member countries' share of health expenditure in 2001 varied from 0.9 per cent of GDP in Azerbaijan to 9.5 per cent of the GDP in Jordan. The shares of the public and private expenditures on health in IDB member countries as a group were respectively 2.2 and 1.9 per cent of the GDP in 2001 compared to the world at 5.6 per cent and 4.2 per cent of GDP respectively. The per capita health expenditure of the IDB member countries as a group dropped from US$71 in 1990 to US$64 in 2001 whereas the figures for other economic groupings showed an upward trend (developing countries from US$ 43 in 1990 to US$72 in 2001; high-income countries from US$1,742 in 1990 to US$2,841 in 2001; and the world from US$359 in 1990 to US$500 in 2001). 1.5 Poverty and Human Development Alleviating poverty has become a mantra for most multilateral financing institutions including the IDB. This is spurred by increasing economic problems facing a number of developing countries including the IDB member countries. The share of population below the poverty line in IDB member countries ranged from 7.6 per cent in Tunisia to 64.1 per cent in Kyrgyz Republic for the survey years in which data are available. At the international level, the proportion of population below $1 a day in IDB member countries ranged from less than 2 per cent (Albania, Algeria, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey) to 72.8 per cent (Mali). In contrast, the proportion of population below $2 a day in IDB member countries ranged from 6.6 per cent (Tunisia) to 90.6 per cent (Mali). Similarly, the proportion of people who are left out of progress (i.e. deprived) in IDB member countries, measured by human poverty index, ranged from 7.5 per cent (Jordan) to 61.8 per cent (Niger) in However, in terms of human development index (HDI) of 2001, 5 IDB member countries (Brunei with rank 31, Bahrain with rank 37, Qatar with rank 44, Kuwait with rank 46, and UAE with rank 48) were in high human development category, while 28 countries were in medium human development category (with ranks ranging from 58 to 141), and 18 countries were classified into low medium development category with ranks ranging from 142 to 177. It is interesting to observe that the worst performance in terms of HDI of 2001 were from IDB member countries (Mali with rank 172, Niger with rank 174 and Sierra Leone with rank 175). 1.6 Information and Communication technology Information and communication technology (ICT) is regarded as a vehicle for economic growth. It is well established that ICT creates jobs and enables country to leapfrog development as well as attracts investments under conducive business conditions. In 2000, the IDB member countries as a group had an average of 41 daily newspapers per 1,000 people. On the other hand, in 2001, for every 1,000 people in IDB member countries there was an average of 211 radios compared to the world's average of 419 radios per 1,000 people. In 2002, 164 television sets were available for every 1,000 people in IDB member countries compared to 275 television sets per 1,000 people for the world. Similarly, for every 1,000 people there were 66 telephone mainlines compared to the world's average of 176 telephone mainlines per 1,000 people. IDB member countries as a group had an average of 22 personal computers (PCs) per 1,000 people in 2002 compared to the world's average of 101 PCs per 1,000 people. It also had an average of 30 internet users per 1,000 people in 2002 as compared to 50 per 1,000 people in 5

19 developing countries. These figures, although impressive, show that most member countries are still lagging behind in adopting and diffusing ICT for development. 1.7 Employment indicators Innovation and creativity are driven by science and technology. Meeting the technology demands of member countries require strengthening indigenous technology and producing more human capital in R&D. Between 1990 and 2001, the number of scientists and engineers in R&D in the individual IDB member countries ranged from 2 per million people (Senegal) to 2,799 per million people (Azerbaijan). In 2002, IDB member countries exported high technology ranging from US$ 1 million (Cameroon) to US$ 40,912 million (Malaysia). By contrast, the patent applications filed by people resident in IDB member countries varied from 1 (Gambia and Mozambique) to 1,610 (Kazakhstan) in Employment indicators The average labour force as per cent of the working age group in IDB member countries increased from 63 per cent in 1990 to 72 per cent in Between 1990 and 2002, the annual average growth rate of the labour force ranged from in Egypt to 36.4 per cent in Qatar. During the period , the percentage of labour force in agriculture varied from 6 per cent in Morocco to 62 per cent in Bangladesh. Similarly, the percentage of labour force in industry varied from 10 percent (Bangladesh) to 33 per cent (U.A.E). Also the percentage of labour force in services sector varied from 24 per cent (Bangladesh) to 59 per cent in U.A.E. 1.9 Wage, Productivity, and Competitiveness The average hours worked per week in IDB member countries ranged from 43 (Indonesia) to 52 (Bangladesh) during the period and the minimum wage during the same period ranged from US$ 65 per year (Kyrgyz) to US$ 8,244 per year (Kuwait). Productivity, proxied by labor cost per worker or value added per worker in manufacturing, has generally inched up in IDB member countries between the periods and , the only few exceptions where productivity (i.e. labor cost per worker) has declined were Algeria (from US$ 6242 in to US$ 2638 in ), Egypt (from US$ 2210 in to US$ 1863 in ), Jordan (from US$ 4643 in to US$ 2082 in ), Kyrgyz (from US$ 2287 in to US$ 687 in ) and Yemen (from US$ 4492 in to US$ 1291 in ). In terms of competitiveness, only three IDB member countries have data out of the 49 countries reported in the World Competitiveness Yearbook Of the three IDB countries, Indonesia maintained its rank of 47 in two consecutive years, 2001 and 2002, while Malaysia improved its rank from 29 in 2001 to 26 in 2002, Turkey slipped from 44 in 2001 to 46 in Land Use and Environment The share of arable land of IDB member countries as a group in total land area increased marginally by about 0.5 percent point from 7.1 per cent in 1990 to 7.6 per cent in On the other hand, the permanent crop land of IDB member countries remained at 1.4 per cent of the total land area in 1990 and Non-agricultural land (i.e. others) of IDB member countries accounted for the lion's share of the total land area at 92 per cent in 1990 and came slightly down to 91 per cent in

20 On the other hand, the forest area of IDB member countries occupied 14.6 per cent of the total land area in 2000, which is considerably less than the corresponding figures for the lowincome countries at 27 per cent, the developing countries at 31 per cent and the world at 30 per cent. The total forest area of IDB member countries covered 3,895 thousand square km in 2000, which is just about 8 per cent of the forest area of the developing countries and 10 per cent of the world's forest area. Average annual deforestation in IDB member countries stood at 0.9 per cent between 1990 and Carbon dioxide emissions per capita is one of the lowest in the world at 1.9 metric tons in 1990 and nearly surged to 2.1 metric tons in Food and Agricultural Production Of the three common staple food produced by IDB member countries in 2003, rice production accounted for 19.2 per cent of world's total rice production, followed by wheat with 17.7 per cent of the world's wheat production, and maize with just 5 per cent of the world's maize production. In terms of percentage change, maize production in IDB member countries as a group increased by 7.8 per cent from 29,584 thousand metric tons in 2002 to 31,891 thousand metric tons in 2003, while the rice production also increased by 1.5 per cent from 111,533 thousand metric tons in 2002 to 113,256 thousand metric tons in Similarly, the wheat production increased also by 4.2 per cent from 94,714 thousand metric tons in 2002 to 98,685 thousand metric tons in Agricultural and food production indices have generally showed upward trend. In particular, agricultural production index increased from 127 in 2000 to 135 in 2003; and the food production indices increased similarly from 130 in 2000 to 138 in However, the par capita agricultural and food production indices showed a downward trend during

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22 Table 1.1: Population Mid-Year Population (million) Growth Rate (%) Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Republic IDB Countries , , , , , , Memo: OIC Countries , , , , , , , Least Developed Countries Developing Countries 3, , , , , , , , High Income Countries World 4, , , , , , , ,

23 Table 1.2: Population Structure Gender Structure Population age composition Dependency ratios* Male Female 0-14 yrs yrs 65+ yrs Young Old Total % % (%) (%) (%) Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Republic IDB Countries Memo: OIC Countries LDCs Developing Countries High Income Countries World *dependents as proportion of working age population 10

24 Table 1.3: Vital Statistics Population Density Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Total Fertility Rate (person/square km) (per 1,000 persons) (per 1,000 persons) (birth per woman) Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh 845 1,007 1, Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Republic IDB Countries Memo: OIC Countries LDCs Developing Countries High Income Countries World

25 Table 1.4: Mortality Indicators Under-5 Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000 live births) Country a Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Republic IDB Member Countries Memo: OIC Countries LDCs Developing Countries High Income Countries World a. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified 12

26 Table 1.5 : Education Indicators Adult IIliteracy Rate (%) Primary School Enrollment Secondary School Enrollment (% gross) (% gross) Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Republic IDB MCs Memo: OIC Countries LDCs Developing Countries High Income Countries World

27 Table 1.6: Health Indicators Life Expectancy Population with access to Physicians Hospital beds at birth Safe Water Sanitation Drugs Per 1,000 Per 1,000 (Year) (%) (%) (%) People People Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Republic IDB Countries Memo: OIC Countries LDCs Developing Coun High Income Coun World

28 Table 1.7: Health Expenditures Total Health Public Expenditure Private Expenditure Health Expenditure Expenditure on Health on Health per capita (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (% of GDP) (US$) Country Afghanistan Albania Algeria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Yemen Republic IDB MCs Memo: OIC Countries LDCs Developing Coun High Income Coun ,742 2,751 2,841 World

29 Table 1.8: Poverty and Human Development Indicators Population below the Population Human UNDP Human national poverty line below Poverty Index Gini c Development (%) a $1 a day $2 a day (HPI) b Index Index Survey (%) (Latest (HDI) Country Year Total Urban Rural % % 2001 Rank Year) 2001 Rank Afghanistan Albania < Algeria < Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Cameroon Chad Comoros Cote d'ivoire Djibouti Egypt Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran < Iraq Jordan < Kazakhstan < Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic < Lebanon Libya Malaysia < Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco < Mozambique Niger Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra-Leone Somalia Sudan Suriname Syria Tajikistan Togo Tunisia < Turkey < Turkmenistan Uganda U.A.E Uzbekistan Yemen Rep IDB MCs Memo: OIC Countries LDCs Developing Coun High Income Coun World a Refers to headcount ratio or proportion of the household (population) falling below the poverty line to total household (population) b Measures the extent of deprivation, the proportion of people in the community who are left out of progress. c A value of zero implies perfect equality while a value of 100 implies perfect inequality. 16