Price Reductions: The following items have all had their prices significantly reduced. This is not a sale!

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1 Issue #40 April 2011 Table of Contents Features Doug Chaffee Flankers Untangled, Part 2 3 Russian Electronics Designations 8 New Russian Aircraft Insignia 10 Flanker Operators and Variants 11 Designs for the Kaiser 16 CaS Scenario: Latin Getaway 18 Form 10 for Vienticinco De Mayo 20 India s Tejas Enters Service 21 Imperial Japanese Naval Torpedo Doctrine - UHOGS Style 22 Japanese AA Rockets 24 Harpoon Scenario: Strike Group Reagan 26 Gator Mountain: Kunlun Shan 29 Air Group Attack Integrity 30 WW II Air Unit Quality 31 Rule Changes and Clarifications Simpler Inflight Refueling: Making Topping off Easier 12 Departments Product Updates 2 Book Review: Project Azorian 23 Cover: F-22 Raptor refuels from KC-135. See the article on page 12. USAF photo. Price Reductions: The following items have all had their prices significantly reduced. This is not a sale! Sea of Dragons: Now $35.00 (down 30%!) Convoy/Deadly Waters: Now $35.00 (down nearly 30%) Baltic Arena: Now $25.00 (down nearly 30%) Harpoon Naval Review 2003: Now $21.00 (down 30%) Mighty Midgets: Now $21.00 (down 30%) Harpoon 4 Rules: Now $9.95 (down 54%) Regulations of the Year XXII: Now $9.95 (down 50%) American Fleets is now on the shelves and available for $28. The next book in the series, The Emperor s Fleet, will be out this summer. It covers Japanese forces in WW II. These two books together will support Steel Typhoon, Ed Kettler s supplement on the second half of WW II in the Pacific. We re working hard to organize some of these big Product Updates battles so they can be played manually. That should be available late this year. Development work has also begun on Atlas, the trilogy s land warfare supplement, and the fifth edition of Harpoon. The challenge for the next edition is to add high-technology rule breakers like AESA radars while simplifying the rules. We ve already playtested an improved AAA model, adapted from CaS, and are working on a simplified SAM model for shipboard defense. The idea is to eliminate the 30-second turns and instead just look at the engagement as a whole: Speed of the incoming missile, speed and range of the defending SAMs, type of fire control/ combat system. The defending player plugs those constants into a table (probably a series of tables) and rolls a die. That will be how many shots his SAMs get before the incoming raid reaches its target. It s always been frustrating in Harpoon that the game slows down just as it get exciting... BT Doug Chaffee Doug Chaffee, a well-known aviation, science fiction, and game artist, passed away April 26, 2011, at the age of 75. We were fortunate to have one of his pantings grace the cover of Sea of Dragons, but his work appeared on magazine covers, in computer games, and as paintings for many different collectible card games. My favorite was a cover he did for an Origins program, showing the Soviet submarine Red October being attacked by a fire-breathing dragon. I have a print of that painting, autographed by Doug, on my wall. Our deepest condolences go out to his family and friends, who like everyone who saw his work, had their lives enriched by him. Many of his works can be seen at his website, which is still operating: www. chaffeestudios.com BT The Naval SITREP is edited by Larry Bond and is published biannually by the Admiralty Trilogy Group (AdmiraltyTrilogy. com). Price per digital issue is $3.00 US. Article contributions should be sent to AdTrGroup@aol.com. Include name, postal address, and phone number.the Admiralty Trilogy is a registered trademark of Larry Bond, Chris Carlson, Ed Kettler, and Mike Harris. Harpoon is a registered trademark of Larry Bond and Chris Carlson. Command at Sea is a registered trademark of Larry Bond, Chris Carlson, and Ed Kettler. Fear God & Dread Nought is a registered trademark of Larry Bond, Chris Carlson, Ed Kettler, and Mike Harris The Admiralty Trilogy Group Naval SITREP Page 2

2 Flankers Untangled, Part 2 Issue #40 April 2011 by Craig Paffhausen In part one (Issue 36, April 2009) we covered all the single-seat versions of the Su-27 family that are in use or were built for use by the Russian Federation s armed forces. Part 2 focuses on the twinseat versions of the Su-27 for service in Russia as well as most of the export Flankers. As with part one of this series, the official VVS designation is given first, then the Sukhoi designation is included in parentheses. NATO designations are listed in square brackets. Most readers will be more familiar with the Sukhoi designations, but these are not official in any way. Two-Seaters for Soviet/Russian Service and the Exports The design of the Su-27UB combat capable trainer started in the late 1970s and ended in Rolled out in 1985, the Su- 27UB, or Sparka, as it is commonly known by the pilots, entered service shortly thereafter. Sparka roughly translates to double sticks. The Su-27UB was used primarily for training in the VVS and PVO. The AVMF also received a few for land based operations to train pilots before moving onto the Su-27K carrier-borne version. Su-27UB Sparka [Flanker C] Combat Trainer Counterm: 2nd Gen D Sensors: N-001 Meych [Slot Back II] radar, 2nd gen RWR. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. High: VHigh: Ceiling: meters Cruise Range: 1980 nm Payload: 6000 kg 4 R-73 [AA-11 Archer], 2 R-27ET [Alamo D], 4 R-27ER [Alamo C] 6 R-73, 4 R-27ER 8 FAB-500M62/ZAB-500Sh/BeTAB-500Sh or 16 OFAB or 38 OFAB , 4 R-73 4 B-8M or 4 B-13L rocket pods or 4 S-24 or S-25 series rockets, 2 R-73, 4 R-27ER Remarks: In Service: 1984 Commonly Called Sparka in service. Sparka roughly translates to twin stick or twin seat. Does not carry drop tanks, cannot refuel inflight. The PVO reportedly experimented with using the stock Su-27UB as a command post. Given the lack of avionics to support such a role there would be no in game benefit to such a use. Air-to-ground weapons only on trials units. The aircraft were delivered to air-to-air only units and training units. Air-to-ground weapons are not allowed without referee permission before a game. Two and only two R-73s may be replaced with L-005 Sorbtsiya ECM pods Before the ongoing Su-27SM upgrade program, the UB was scheduled to receive a similar modification to a standard roughly analogous to the MiG-29SMT (first iteration). After the Su-27SM upgrade was launched a concurrent update to the Su-27UB was initiated. This upgrade was designated Su-27UBM taking over the canceled designation from the earlier upgrade program. Without weapons the Su-27UBM is indistinguishable from the Su-27UB. Unlike the originally proposed Su-27SM program, the Su-27UBM is a single phase program from the start and the aircraft is not currently scheduled to receive any more advanced radar than the N-001V Meych. In game terms the Su-27UBM regains all air to ground capabilities that were not used previously as well as higher end precision guided munitions and next generation air to air missiles. Su-27UBM Sparka [Flanker C] Combat Trainer Size/Signature: Medium/Medium Bombsight: Computing Sensors: N-001V Meych [Mod Slot Back II] radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator, 3rd gen ESM. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. (continued on page 4) Su-27UBM in 2009 Wikipedia Commons Naval SITREP Page 3

3 Issue #40 April 2011 (Flankers, continued from page 3) Ceiling: meters Cruise Range: 1980 nm 4 R-73 [AA-11 Archer], 4 R-27R1/R-27ER1 [AA-10 Alamo], 2 R-27T1/R- 27ET1 [AA-10 Alamo] 4 R-73, 6 R-77-1 [AA-12 Adder] (Post 2013) 28 FAB-250M54 bombs, 4 R OFAB bombs, 4 R-73 8 FAB-250M62 or FAB-500M62 bombs, or ZB-500 napalm tank, 4 R-73 6 B-13MT or B-8M rocket pods, 2 R-77, 2 R-73 4 S-24 or S-25 rocket (all variants except Laser guided), 2 R-73, 4 R-77 4 Kh-31A/P [AS-17 Krypton], 2 R-77, 4 R-73 3 KAB-500L, 1 Damocles pod, 2 R-77, 4 R-73 3 KAB-1500L, 1 Damocles pod, 1 R-77, 4 R-73 4 KAB-500 (any non laser-guided), 2 R-77, 4 R-73 3 KAB-1500 (any non laser-guided), 2 R-77, 4 R-73 Remarks: In Service: 2011 Standard R-73 may be replaced by R-73L, R-73EL, or R-73E Two and only two R-73s may be replaced with L-005 Sorbtsiya ECM pods. Alternatively after 2013, two L-005 Sorbtsiya pods can be replaced by SAP-518 pods. There is no known L-xxx designation for the SAP-518 pod at this time. Belorussia uses a broadly similar Su-27UBM-1, It can replace any R-27 or R-73 missile with an R-77 (not the R-77-1 like the Russian aircraft can use). Su-27UBs were modified like the Su-27P to not carry any air-to-ground ordnance. Also, on some aircraft an additional display was added to the rear cockpit so the Su-27UB could act as a formation flagship. Since the Su-27 already had a data link integrated, all that was needed to fully integrate the Su-27UB into service with the PVO was the additional rear cockpit equipment that has no in-game effect. Su-27UBs so modified for PVO service were designated Su-27PU. It is uncertain how many Su-27PU were built. Some reports suggested conversions of Su-27UB aircraft without the refueling probe, in addition to the new production aircraft. Between the chaos of the 90s in Russia and the secretive nature of the VVS, we are uncertain of exactly how many Su-27PUs are in service. We do know there are at least five, with other(s) being used in test and trials work. Su-27PU Flanker F Sensors: N-001 Meych [Slot Back II] radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator, 2nd gen RWR. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. Ceiling: meters Cruise Range: 1985 nm Payload:??? 4 R-27ER [AA-10 Alamo], 2 R-27ET [AA-10 Alamo], 4 R-73/-73E/- 73M/-74 [AA-11 Archer] 4 R-27ER, 4 R-73/-73E/-73M/-74, 2 Sorbtsiya ECM pods Remarks: In Service: 1994 Dedicated two-seat interceptor versions of Flanker for PVO units, no multirole capability. Operates as airborne command post with four radarsilent single-seat Su-27P, detecting and handing off targets. First Flanker variant to be fitted with in-flight refueling. Five in VVS service. The fun begins when Mikhail Korzhooyev, one of the leaders of the Sukhoi OKB in the 1990s, gets involved in the aircraft modernization projects. He instigated the Su-30KN low cost upgrade of the Su-27PU for the VVS. Nobody knows what KN stands for, nor why the VVS would want to do a major mid-life update for 7 total aircraft built for the VVS. However, the KN, now a product of IAPO, was created for just such a situation. It is a minimal change update to the Su-27PU to integrate air to ground weapons and the R-77 AAM. More importantly, since this update was conceived by the same mastermind behind the original MiG- 29SMT upgrade, a degree of commonality is created across the entire VVS fleet of aircraft. While it never entered production for the VVS, the Su-30KN is used by Belorussia as a means to update the Su-30K purchased via IAPO from India, to their existing Su- 27UBM-1 upgrade standards. Su-30KN Flanker Sensors: N-001V Meych [Mod Slot Back II] radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator IRST, 3rd gen RWR. IRST and laser rf linked to helmetmounted sight. Ceiling: meters Cruise Range: 1990 nm Payload:??? 4 R-27ER [AA-10 Alamo], 2 R-27ET [AA-10 Alamo], 4 R-73/-73E/- 73M/-74 [AA-11 Archer] 6 R-27ER, 2-73/-73E/-73M/-74, 2 Sorbtsiya ECM pods 4 R-73, 6 R-77 [AA-12 Adder] 28 FAB-250M54 bombs, 4 R OFAB bombs, 4 R-73 8 FAB-250M62 or FAB-500M62 bombs, or ZB-500 napalm tank, 4 R-73 6 B-13MT or B-8M rocket pods, 2 R-77, 2 R-73 4 S-24 or S-25 rockets (all variants except laser-guided), 2 R-73, 4 R-77 4 Kh-31A/P [AS-17 Krypton] 2 R-77, 4 R-73 3 KAB-500L, 1 laser designation pod, 2 R-77, 4 R-73 3 KAB-1500L, 1 laser designation pod, 1 R-77 [AA-12 Adder], 4 R-73 4 KAB-500 (any non laser guided), 2 R-77, 4 R-73 3 KAB-1500 (any non laser guided), 2 R-77, 4 R-73 Remarks: In Service: 2008 Originally intended for VVS, only ever purchased by Belorussia. Two and only two R-73s may be replaced with L-005 Sorbtsiya ECM pods Belorussia also has 4 Su-27UBM-1 aircraft that have the same game stats except they lack the Inflight refueling probe. It is unknown what laser designation pod is integrated for Belorussia, use Litening III stats until more is known. For the AVMF as well as for abroad, the basic Su-27UB airframe is not suited for carrier landings. This is not the fault of the structure or a design defect, but rather because the canopy is not compatible with the Russian carrier visual approach and landing devices - the Ball as it is referred to by US Navy pilots. While perfectly clear enough for use as a trainer, the angle of the canopy to the backseater s eyes causes a distorted view of the landing devices and thus an unsafe environment if the back seater has to land the aircraft. Thus, after several failed paper attempts the Su-27KUB was born. Naval SITREP Page 4

4 The Su-27KUB is not just a Su-27K with a new nose from the Su-34 Fullback, it is far from that. Rather it is a new carrier aircraft that at one point could have replaced ALL Su-27Ks on the aircraft carriers of Russia and possibly future foreign countries. The Su-27KUB is designed to accept a whole host of roles not currently covered by Russian Naval aviation. These include dedicated tanker, strike aircraft, reconnaissance aircraft, airborne early warning aircraft, and escort/standoff jammer aircraft. As of this writing, only the first prototype of the Su-27KUB is flying. The second, much changed prototype was under construction when the program was canceled due to funding shortfalls. Su-27KUB (Su-33UB) Flanker Man Rtng: 4.5/2.5 Damage Value: 36 Sensors: N-010MS Zhuk radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator, 3rd gen RWR. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. Low: Med: High: VHigh: Ceiling: meters Cruise Range: 1860 nm Additional Fuel Fuel Wt. Range Add L drop tank 1585 kg 282 nm 1200 L drop tank 960 kg 171 nm UPAZ-1A buddy pod 200 kg 0 nm 12 AAMs including a maximum of 2 R-27ET/T [AA-10 Alamo], or 8 R-27ER/EA/EP/R (Maximum of 8 total R-27 missiles in two variants!), 6 R-73 [AA-11 Archer], and 12 R-77 [AA-12 Adder]. Normally this consists of 6 R-27ER, 2 R-27ET, and 4 R R-27ER, 2 R-27ET, 4 R-73, 2 PTB L drop tanks 4 Kh-31P [AS-17 Krypton] ARM, 4 R-27ER, 4 R-73 6 Kh-31A [AS-17 Krypton] ASM, 2 R-27ER, 4 R-73 1 Kh-41 ASM, 4 R-27ER, 2 R-27ET, 4 R-73 1 Kh-61 Yakhont ASM, 4 R-27ER, 2 R-27ET, 4 R-73 4 B-13MT, or B-8T rocket pods, 4 R-27ER, 4 R-73 4 S-24 or S-25 rockets, 4 R-72ER, 4 R-73 4 KAB-500T or -500Kr, 4 R-27ER, 4 R-73 Issue #40 April KAB-500 any laser variant, 1 Sapsan pod, 3 R-27ER, 4 R-73 3 KAB-1500Kr, 4 R-27ER, 4 R-73 6 Kh-29T or -29L [AS-9 Kyle] or Kh-25ML [AS-10 Laser Karen], 4 R-73 5 Kh-59 [AS-13 Kyle] or Kh-59M or -59MK [both AS-18 Kazoo], 1 APK-9E datalink pod, 2 R-27ER, 4 R FAB-500M62 bombs or ZB-500 napalm tanks, 4 R FAB-250M54 bombs, 4 R OFAB , 4 R-73 4 PTB L drop tanks, 1 UPAZ-1A buddy store, 4 R-73 Remarks: In Service: -- Two seat multirole aircraft for AVMF as well as possible foreign sales. Performance estimated, drop tanks are also estimated as no official word on drop tanks has been released to the public beyond 5 wet pylons. R-27ET may be replaced in any loadout by Any other R-27, R-77 or R-73. R-27ER may be replaced in any loadout by R-27EA/R or R-77 R-73 may be replaced by R-77, L-005 Sorbtsiya (ONLY 2) or all R-73 variants listed at the end of the article except the export only R-73M1. Kh-31A and Kh-31P may be replaced by Kh-31AD, or Kh-31PD with referees permission as they have not entered service yet. The possibility that the Su-27KUB could be equipped with either the N-010MSF Passive E-Scan radar or the N-010SA active E-Scan antenna were floated before cancelation, again with referees permission the radar can be swapped out. This aircraft has been canceled. The Exports In the cash-strapped 1990s the Sukhoi OKB went about to secure a large export market for itself over its rivals (MiG OKB in addition to foreign companies). To begin with, Sukhoi offered the Su-27SK or export version of the Su-27S. Major changes were isolated to the weapon system and a re-arrangement of the fuel tanks. The Su-27SK s basic system is less effective than an equivalent Su-27S or Su-27P in Russian service. The first purchaser, the People s Republic of China, received a slightly different aircraft than other countries and is designated J-11 in the People s Liberation Army Air Force. (continued on page 6) Su-27KUB (Su-33UB) Flanker Sukhoi Naval SITREP Page 5

5 Issue #40 April 2011 (Flankers, continued from page 5) J-11 Flanker B Man Rtng: 4.5/2 Damage Value: 35 Counterm: 2nd Gen D Sensors: N-001E Meych [Slot Back] radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator, 2nd gen RWR. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. High: VHigh: Ceiling: m Cruise Range: 2160 nm Int Fuel: kg Payload: 6000 kg 4 R-73E [AA-11 Archer], 4 R-27ER1 [AA-10 Alamo], 2 L-005 Sorbtsiya ECM pods 2 R-73E, 4 B-8M or 4 BM-13MT rocket pods, 4 R-27ER, 2 Sorbtsiya ECM pods Remarks: In Service: aircraft delivered starting 1992, consisting of 36 Su-27SK and 14 twoseat Su-27UBK. Will be license-produced in PRC, known locally as J-11. All-weather. Export version of first-generation Flanker B. Does not carry drop tanks, cannot refuel in-flight. Limited ground-attack capability, does not carry precision-guided weapons. IRST and laser designator are not linked to the helmet-mounted sight. Apr 97: 17 J-11s were damaged during a typhoon at Fujian airbase. Contrary to earlier reports, all were returned to operational service. 2004: Radar updated to N-001VE with R-77 [AA-12 Adder] capability. Can engage 2 targets at once with R-77. Can carry R-77 vice R-27 [AA-10 Alamo] or R-73 [AA-11 Archer] in above loadouts (J-11A designation). It is believed that the PRC does not use the R-27ET1 [AA-10 Alamo] missile. Sukhoi has revoked the license to build the J-11 in China due to China adding indigenous content to the aircraft (the J-11B). Other countries also purchased new build Su-27SKs. Their aircraft follow the below standards: Su-27SK Flanker B Man Rtng: 4.5/2 Damage Value: 35 Counterm: 2nd Gen D Sensors: N-001E Meych [Slot Back] radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator, 3rd gen RWR. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. High: VHigh: Ceiling: m Cruise Range: 2160 nm Int Fuel: kg Payload: 6000 kg 4 R-73 [AA-11 Archer], 6 R-27ER1 or 4 R-27ER1 and 2 R-27ET1 [AA-10 Alamo] 4 R-73, 4 B-8M or 4 BM-13MT rocket pods, 4 R-27ER1/ET1 Remarks: In Service:??? Sold to Angola (unknown quantity converted from former Soviet stocks), Eritrea (6), Ethiopia (6 converted from former Soviet stocks), Indonesia (2 new build), Vietnam (7 new build). As was noted earlier, as few as 7 Su-27PUs were built for the Russian VVS. Rather, most of the airframes started as Su-27PUs on the factory floor became export aircraft in several versions for several countries. The first country to order the export Su-27PUK, or Su-30K as Sukhoi designated it, was India. India initially planned on a staged Naval SITREP Page 6 upgrade program: 8 Su-30KI followed by a more capable variant two years later, the Su-30MKI. In the end, India s want and need for electronics supplied from several countries and the world economic situation at the time would compel India to take 18 Su-30KIs before switching to the more capable Su-30MKI. In 2005 India decided that it would not be effective to convert the 18 Su-30KIs to the Su-30MKI standard and traded them in for 18 new built Su-30MKI. The Su-30KIs would then be sold by the manufacturer, IAPO. Su-27PUK/Su-30KI (India) Flanker Sensors: N-001E Meych [Slot Back II] radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator, 2nd gen RWR. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. Ceiling: meters Cruise Range: 1685 nm Payload: 4000 kg 4 R-27ER1 [AA-10 Alamo], 2 R-27ET1 [AA-10 Alamo], 4 R-73 [AA-11 Archer] 4 R-27ER1, 4 R-73, 2 Sorbtsiya ECM pods Remarks: In Service: 1999 Dedicated interceptor versions of Flanker for India. Multi-role capable but not used as such in service. 2005: Returned to IAPO for 18 new-build Su-30MKI. Resold to Belorussia by IAPO. Belorussian service aircraft received their own refit called Su- 27UMB-1, covered in the Su-30KN entry. Two and only two R-73s may be replaced with L-005 Sorbtsiya ECM pods. Su-30MKI Flanker H Man Rtng: 4.5/2.0 Damage Value: 37 Size/Signature: Medium/Medium Bombsight: Advanced Sensors: N-011ME Bars radar, IRST, TV & laser designator, L-150 Pastel ESM or Tarang ESM, helmet-mounted sight. Med: High: VHigh: Ceiling: m Cruise Range: 1690 nm 8 R-77 [AA-12 Adder], 4 R-73 [AA-11 Archer] 2 R-27ER1 [AA-10 Alamo], 6 FAB-500M62, 4 R-73 2 R-27ER1, 6 UK Mk lb bombs, 4 R-73 3 R-27ER1, 6 Kh-29T [AS-14 Kedge] or KAB-500Kr, 4 R-73 3 R-27ER1, Litening III, 6 Kh-29L [AS- 14 Kedge], 4 R-73 5 R-27ER1, 1 APK-9 Data Link Pod, 4 Kh-59M [AS-18 Kazoo], 4 R-73 3 R-27ER1, 1 Litening III, 4 Griffin Mk18 LGB, 4 R-73 Remarks: In Service: 2002 Two-seat multirole version. All weather. IRST and laser designator linked to helmet mounted sight. Fall 02: Formally inducted into service with IAF. A single Elta EL/M-8222 ECM pod may replace 1 R-73 [AA-11 Archer] in any loadout. R-27ER1 can be replaced on a one for one basis by R-77 [AA-12 Adder] Later batches built with Indian designed and produced Tarang ESM vice the Russian L-150 Pastel ESM (both 3rd Gen for game purposes). Early batches updated starting 2008.

6 A variant of the Su-30MKI, the Su-30MKM also built by IAPO was made for Malaysia. Very little changes between the two aircraft except most of the Indian or Israeli-made content was supplanted by French, German and South African sources in addition to extra Russian-supplied content. Likewise, again supporting equipment from France rather than India and Israel, the Su-30MKA was built for Algeria. Both the MKM and MKA share the same basic game data and are thus combined here. Su-30MKM/MKA Flanker H Man Rtng: 4.5/2.0 Damage Value: 37 Size/Signature: Medium/Medium Bombsight: Advanced Sensors: N-011ME Bars radar, 2nd gen IRST, TV & laser designator, 3rd gen ESM. IRST and laser rf linked to helmet-mounted sight. Med: Ceiling: m Cruise Range: 1690 nm 8 R-77 [AA-12 Adder], 4 R-73E [A-11 Archer] 2 R-77, 6 FAB-500, 4 R-73 3 R-77, 6 Kh-29T [AS-14 Kedge] or KAB-500Kr, 4 R-73 3 R-77, 1 Damocles LD pod, 6 Kh-29L [AS- 14 Kedge], 4 R-73 5 R-77, 1 APK-9 Data Link Pod, 4 Kh-59M [AS-18 Kazoo], 4 R-73 Remarks: In Service: 2009 No official VVS designation. Two-seat multirole version. All weather. IRST and laser designator linked to helmet mounted sight. Fall 09: Formally inducted into service with MAF and Algeria. Two and only two R-73s may be replaced with L-005 Sorbtsiya ECM pods for the Algerian Su-30MKA, the Malaysian Su-30MKM uses 2 SAP- 518 ECM pod in lieu of the L-005. Currently there is no known L series designation for the SAP-518 even though it is also in service with the VVS. No R-27ER missiles purchased by Malaysia or Algeria as R-77 is primary AAM. Likewise no R-27T missiles were purchased. Issue #40 April 2011 Has advanced missile approach warning and laser warning systems to protect against IR and laser-guided threats. The People s Republic of China, happy with their J-11s, decided to go a different track than India and Malaysia. China approached the Sukhoi OKB and the KnAAPO aircraft factory (which had built the single seat Su-27SKs for China) to build their purposely-designed new Su-27UB variant. KnAAPO had not built a twin stick Su-27 since the first production batch of Su-27UBs back in time frame. This choice was surprising to some, but when looked at from the sense of an already-developed working relationship between the PLAAF and KnAAPO, it makes sense. The Chinese two-seater was developed for maximum-load takeoff and increased endurance when compared to other Su- 27UB variants. Structurally, the Chinese Su-27PUK 30K variant (designated Su-30MKK by KnAAPO and Sukhoi), is more akin to a two seat Su-27M than even the Indian Su-30MKI. This means the Su-30MKK and its cousins are the most advanced Su-27 variant in construction and structural design prior to the new Su-35S. At one point in the design process an improved version of the Gardeniya ECM system from the MiG-29S Fulcrum C was introduced. It appears that the Gardeniya will be used by the more advanced Su-30MK2 of the PLAAF in lieu of the L-005 Sorbtsiya ECM pods. Likewise, during the design process the R-73M Advanced Archer was specified. However, unlike the already produced Gardeniya ECM system there is no proof of R-73M production, thus stats include only the R-73E series. The Su- 30MKK was also purchased for use by Indonesia. It should be noted at this time that the phenomenal performance of the R-73 [AA-11 Archer] family is NOT solely from the aerodynamics, advanced electronics and kinematics of the missile itself. Rather the aircraft s weapon suite, including IRST, (continued on page 8) Indian Air Force Su-30MKI Flanker H Indian MoD Naval SITREP Page 7