PRODUCT OPTIMIZATION SUPPORT 40 MM HV ABM. Federica Valente, H. Huisjes, T. Soullié, A. M. Kruse

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1 PRODUCT OPTIMIZATION SUPPORT 40 MM HV ABM Federica Valente, H. Huisjes, T. Soullié, A. M. Kruse

2 CONTENT Introduction to TNO Organisation Capabilities Portfolio examples The 40 mm HV ABM case: support in optimization Background TNO contribution Approach and results Conclusion 2 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

3 TNO Founded by law in 1932 (independent, no stakeholders) Research Themes 3 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

4 TNO DEFENCE, SAFETY & SECURITY 4 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

5 ROADMAPS DEFENCE, SAFETY & SECURITY MISSIONS & OPERATIONS HUMAN EFFECTIVENESS INFORMATION SUPERIORITY CYBER SECURITY FORCE PROTECTION NATIONAL SECURITY 5 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

6 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES CAPABILITIES Intermediate ballistics Exterior ballistics Internal ballistics Terminal ballistics 6 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

7 THE INTEGRAL APPROACH WHERE OUR COMPETENCES COME TOGETHER Domain knowledge S&T Systems Engineering Answer The right formulation of the problem is often more essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skill. Albert Einstein

8 PARTNERSHIPS TNO Supporting (NLD) MoD Requirements setting - Trend watch on new technologies Procurement support of weapons and munitions - Lethality assessment Development of user concepts - System effectiveness studies Supporting (Defence) industries System performance evaluation and maturity System optimization and trouble-shooting Technology innovation Contributing to international networks Standardisation and policy inputs 8 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

9 LETHALITY STUDIES 9 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

10 FRAGMENT CLOUD ANALYSIS METHOD 10 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

11 FRAGMENT CLOUD ANALYSIS METHOD 11 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

12 SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES 1 Ammunition data Penetration Blast Heat EMP Psychological Flight Trajectory Lethality 2 System data Dispersion 3 Target data 12 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case Vulnerability

Technology demonstration medium calibre ramjet projectile Demonstration Solid Fuel RamJet propulsion of

for F-35 Complete development program of 25mm ammunition with integrated frangible technology (FAP) High

Effectiveness of ABM ammunition 10 m deep x 5 m wide Target area 10 m x 40 m Lethality of ABM ammunition

Initiation height σ ax, vertical Position of Soldier TNO contribution Re-design of payload Optimised

13 Technology demonstration medium calibre ramjet projectile Demonstration Solid Fuel RamJet propulsion of medium calibre spin stabilized air-defence projectile Design Development Development of 25 mm ammunition for F-35 Complete development program of 25mm ammunition with integrated frangible technology (FAP) High Performance Safe Cost effective Flight testing Firepower for Infantry Fighting Vehicle Optimized Effectiveness of ABM ammunition 10 m deep x 5 m wide Target area 10 m x 40 m Lethality of ABM ammunition is based on: Fragmentation pattern Point of Detonation Type of Target σ ax, horizontal σ lateral Initiation height σ ax, vertical Position of Soldier TNO contribution Re-design of payload Optimised Firing Doctrine 13 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case Distance between initiation points #rounds

14 40 MM HIGH VELOCITY AIR BURST STUDY Background TNO contribution Study approach Conclusions 14 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case Photo: Netherlands Ministry of Defence

15 BACKGROUND Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH offers several 40 mm High Velocity (HV) rounds Warheads How?: Performances Fuzes High Explosive (HE) Which?: Preferred warhead for 40 mm HV ABM High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) What?: Added value of ABM Point Detonating (PD) Air Burst Munition (ABM) 15 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

16 TNO ASSIGNMENT Support selection of best suited warhead against selected target set for a 40 mm HV ABM round Provide insights into the added value of an AB fuze compared to PD fuze 16 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

17 (INTERMEZZO) LETHAL AREA AND LETHALITY FOOTPRINT 17 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

18 APPROACH 1 Range and HoB 2 Flat terrain used for all simulations Protection level Target posture Mission 18 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

19 WARHEAD PERFORMANCES HoB 0 m LA [m 2 ] Lethality of 40 mm HV HE is higher than HEDP HoB Average 1.5 m ~ 10 % Consistently across all simulated scenario 19 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case Range [m]

20 HEIGHT OF BURST SELECTION m Lethal Area [m 2 ] The optimal air burst height is 1 m Lethality of ABM (1 m) is higher than PD (0 m) Consistently across all simulated scenario 800 m 20 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case Height of Burst [m]

terrain Ground Effect / Shadowing of Point Detonation

21 AIR BURST MODE. IMPROVES LETHALITY DELIVERY Terrain-structure can reduce lethal area of Point detonation Ammunition significantly Airburst Ammunition is not influenced by terrain Ground Effect / Shadowing of Point Detonation Airburst Cartridge without Shadowing Effect 21 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

22 AIR BURST MODE. IMPROVES AMMUNITION DISPERSION Increased effectiveness of burst Lower Ammunition Consumption Increased Effectivity of Mission Duration and Mission Cost Point Detonation Airburst Concentration of Effectiveness 2D Engagement Area with Point Detonation Ammunition Large CEP 3D Engagement!

23 AIR BURST MODE. IMPROVES ENGAGEMENT OF TARGETS OUT OF REACH Entrenched targets Targets behind obstacles Targets in elevated positions 23 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

24 CONCLUSIONS The 40 mm HE warhead displays a higher lethality than the 40 mm HEDP against various human targets making it the better option The munition is 5 times more effective using the AB Fuze than PD fuze Added value of the ABM fuze has been shown in a relevant military operational context TNO provides the competitive edge for your product development! 24 TNO product optimization support: the 40 mm HV grenade case

25 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION F. (Federica) Valente MSc. Product Manager Weapon systems and Ammunition T +31 (0) M +31 (0) E federica.valente@tno.nl

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