Noise Emission Data of Danish Heavy Weapons Ing Waseim Alfred

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1 Noise Emission Data of Danish Heavy Weapons by Ing Waseim Alfred 2nd European Conference of Defence & the Enviroment Helsinki, Finland 9-10 June 2015

2 Purpose of the Project Measurement of noise emission data for heavy weapons (caliber >12.7) mm and explosives to be used in Milstøy. Recalculate the noise maps around Danish training and shooting areas to revise Executive Act 468 of 13 June 2002 of Danish Ministry of Environment about noise control of Defence Forces training and shooting areas.

3 Project Management Environmental Department Army Navy Grontmij Noise Emission Data Army Battle School Artillery School Engineer Regiment MILSTØY SINTEF Center for Weapon Noise Maps

4 Introduction Noise measurements are carried out in September October Below are showing no. of shots used for each measured weapon: Weapon No. of shots 12.7 mm Machine Gun & Anti-materiel Rifle mm Bushmaster Cannon on Combat Vehicle CV mm Grenade Launcher mm Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle & AT mm Rheinmetall L55 Smoothbore Gun on MBT Leopard 2 A , 81 og 120 mm Mortar mm Selv-propelled Howitzer M109A mm OTO Melara 18 Signal, Lightning and Smoke Ammunitions 27 Hand Grenades 25 Explosives 70 Measurements in total 644

5 Measurement Setup Firing direction Firing line R Detonation point Measurement of muzzle noise Measurement of noise for the High Explosive (HE) cartridges, which hits the ground. Example: 60 mm HE Measurement of noise by detonating HE cartridges at a controlled space in order to simulate the target hitting the ground. Example: 81, 120, 155 mm HE

6 Measurement Setup Microphone Firing line

7 Measurement Setup

8 12.7 mm Anti-materiel Rifle & Machine Gun 12,7 mm Anti-materiel Rifle 12,7 mm Machine Gun 12,7 mm Cartridge, Blank 12,7 mm Cartridge, Armor-Piercing, Tracer 12,7 mm Cartridge, Blue 12,7 mm Cartridge, ball

9 35 mm Bushmaster Cannon on CV9035 Combat Vehicle CV 9035 DK 35 mm X 228 APDS 35 mm X 228 HEI-T 35 mm X 228 KETF 35 mm X 228 TP-T (DM18) 35 mm X 228 TPFDS-T

10 40 mm Grenade Launcher 40 mm High Explosive (HE) 40 mm Grenade Launcher 40 mm High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP)

11 84 mm Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle & 84 mm AT4 84 mm Carl Gustav Recoilless Rifle 84 mm AT4 84 mm High Explosive (HE) 84 mm High Explosive Dual Purpose (HEDP) 84 mm Tandem-warhead HEAT

12 120 mm Rheinmetall L55 Smoothbore Gun on Leopard 2 A5 MBT Leopard 2 A5

13 120 mm Rheinmetall L55 Smoothbore Gun on Leopard 2 A5 120 mm DM53A1 120 mm HE-FRAG-T 120 mm HEAT-T DM12A2 120 mm M1028 CANISTER 120 mm PPT FS DM33 LS 120 mm PPT FS DM33 PELE 120 mm ØGRPT DM mm ØPT CS M865 C1

14 60 mm Mortar 60 mm High Explosive (HE) 60 mm High Explosive, PF IM 60 mm Commando Mortar 60 mm Illumination, H 60 mm Smoke Cartridge 60 mm Lightweight Mortar 60 mm Infrared Illumination

15 81 mm and 120 mm Mortar 81 mm Mediumweight Mortar 120 mm Heavyweight Mortar 81 mm High Explosive (HE) 120 mm High Explosive (HE)

16 155 mm Selv-propelled Howitzer M109A3 155 mm Selv-propelled Howitzer M109A3 155 mm High Explosive (HE)

17 76 mm OTO Melara 76 mm OTO Melara 76 mmsapomer

18 Signal, Lightning and Smoke Ammunitions 26,5 mm signalpistol M/45/58 26,5 mm signalpatron 1XHVID Alarmblus M/01 Ildmarkering, sprængpunkt, komplet Ildmarkeringsladning M/83 Kanonslag EL M/75 Kanonslag M/11 Observationsrøgbombe M/66

19 Hand Grenades Hand Grenade Training Hand Grenade 6 bang 7 bang Smoke Hand Grenade (Phosphor)

20 Different amounts of TNT og Pentrit Explosives 100 g Pentrit 200 g Pentrit 500 g Pentrit 1 kg Pentrit 1 kg TNT

21 Different amounts of TNT og Pentrit Explosives 10 kg Pentrit 15 kg Pentrit 25 kg Pentrit 75 kg Pentrit 10 kg TNT 15 kg TNT 25 kg TNT 75 kg TNT

22 Measurement Method Detonation of different charges TNT to calculate ground correction. For each combination of weapon and ammunition, it is fired 3-5 shots.

23 Measurement Method Noise emission data in Milstøy database is based on Sound Exposure Level. Free field value is Milstøy takes noise emission data as input at a reference position at 10 m

24 Noise Emission Data Linear sound pressure level (db re 20 µpa) pr. one octave band and the linear free field sound exposure level at 10 m corrected for ground and meteorological conditions. Direction One octave band [Hz] L E,10m 0⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰

25 Noise Emission Data Directivity of 84 mm AT4 Retningskarakteristik 270⁰ 315⁰ 0⁰ 140,0 135,0 130,0 125,0 120,0 115,0 110,0 105,0 100,0 45⁰ 90⁰ 225⁰ 135⁰ 180⁰

26 Noise Maps Input data to calculate the noise around the training and shooting areas are o Weapon type and the used ammunition o Coordinates of the firing lines o Height of the weapon o Direction of firing o Number of shots distributed over day and weekends (07-18, and 22-07)

27 Noise Maps

28 Further work on noise emission data Noise emission data for explosives under the ground. Noise emission data for 20 mm machine gun on F-16. Noise emission data for 35 mm canon on IVER HUITFELDT-class frigate.

29 Further work on measurement method Ground reflections Weather conditions (e.g. temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction) Separation of near-field/nonlinear effects Height of the microphone Distance between the firing line and microphone

30

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