Michigan Traffic Crash Facts

Transcription

1 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts Michigan Department of State Police

2 This material was developed through a project funded by the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning and the U.S. Department of Transportation. OHSP is committed to saving lives and reducing injuries on Michigan roads through leadership, innovation, facilitation, and program support in partnership with other public and private organizations.

3 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts A summary of traffic crashes on Michigan roadways in calendar year Michigantrafficcrashfacts.org Produced by: Michigan Department of State Police Criminal Justice Information Center-Traffic Crash Statistics (517) Michigan.gov/cjic Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning (517) Michigan.gov/ohsp

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5 Acknowledgements The creation of this book could not have been made possible without the dedication, planning, guidance, and knowledge of the following organizations and departments: Criminal Justice Information Center Fatality Analysis Reporting System Michigan Department of State Police Michigan Department of State Michigan Department of Transportation Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute In addition, we wish to acknowledge the people working in law enforcement and public safety agencies who are responsible for gathering crash data in the field. We rely on their accurate completion of crash reports; without their attention to detail we would be unable to create, maintain, and distribute meaningful crash information. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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7 FOREWORD Traffic records improvement projects have been ongoing to streamline the process of data collection and processing. Current projects such as the Traffic Crash Reporting System (TCRS) Modernization and the Traffic Records Data Linkage strive to improve the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of data outputs. New technologies, including electronic data collection, additional error checking, quality assurance, and improved crash location data, are continually emerging and improving. By utilizing these technologies as they become available, traffic records quality will continue to improve. Please visit Michigantrafficcrashfacts.org for easy access to crash data from Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The traffic fatality count was 936, up 5.3 percent from the 2011 figure of 889. Compared with 2011, injuries were down 1.8 percent and total crashes were down 3.6 percent. These figures translated into a fatality rate of 0.99 per 100 million miles of travel, up 5.3 percent from 2011, and below the 10-year average of 1.04 (2003- ). Exposure factors in showed decreases in vehicle miles traveled and vehicle registrations, but an increase in licensed drivers. Vehicle miles traveled were down 0.5 percent to 94.3 billion, motor vehicle registrations decreased 0.3 percent to 8.1 million, and the number of licensed drivers was up 0.4 percent to 7.1 million. Seat belt use in Michigan was observed at 93.6 percent. Alcohol-involved crashes continued to present a problem and contributed to 29.9 percent of all fatal crashes. Crashes involving alcohol made up 3.7 percent of all crashes, and while 26.1 percent of all crashes resulted in injury or death, 57.5 percent of alcohol-related crashes resulted in injury or death. Information compiled in this report was gathered from the Michigan Traffic Crash Report forms (UD-10) submitted by local police departments, sheriff offices, and the Michigan Department of State Police. Other related information was obtained from the Departments of Transportation, State, and Community Health. The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute produced this publication with data on file at the Michigan Department of State Police Criminal Justice Information Center as of March 20, We acknowledge, with appreciation, all involved agencies for their assistance. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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11 UD-10 (FRONT) Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

12 UD-10 (BACK) Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

13 MICHIGAN VEHICLE CODE Public Act 300 of 1949 Edited by the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning (OHSP) for discussion purposes. Editorial remarks by OHSP appear in italic print. MCL , Amended The driver of a motor vehicle involved in an accident that injures or kills any person, or that damages property to an apparent extent totaling $1, or more, shall immediately report that accident at the nearest or most convenient police station, or to the nearest or most convenient police officer. The officer receiving the report, or his or her commanding officer, shall immediately forward each report to the director of the Department of State Police on forms prescribed by the director of the Department of State Police (State of Michigan Traffic Crash Report, also known as the UD-10). The forms shall be completed in full by the investigating officer. The director of the Department of State Police shall analyze each report relative to the cause of the reported accident and shall prepare information compiled from reports filed under this section for public use. A copy of the report under this section... shall be retained for at least three years at the local police department, sheriff's department, or local state police post making the report. (As the repository of the UD-10s submitted by all Michigan law enforcement agencies, the Department of State Police processes all UD-10s received at the Criminal Justice Information Center (CJIC). CJIC retains an electronic copy of UD-10s for 10 years plus the current processing year. Electronic databases containing information from UD-10s prior to this time period are purged.) MCL , Amended (1) A report required by this chapter shall not be available for use in a court action, but a report shall be for the purpose of furnishing statistical information regarding the number and cause of accidents. (2) The Office of Highway Safety Planning (OHSP) may authorize scientific studies and research for the reduction of death, injury, and property losses. All information, records of interviews, written reports, statements, notes, memoranda, or other data collected pursuant to the scientific studies and research conducted by the state, or by other persons, agencies, or organizations authorized by OHSP shall be used solely for the purpose of medical or scientific research and shall not disclose the name or identity of a person unless the person authorizes, in writing, the use of his or her name or identity. If a subject of the research study is deceased, the executor or heir of the deceased person may authorize, in writing, the disclosure of the deceased's name or identity. The furnishing of information to OHSP or to a representative of an authorized study or research project shall not subject a person, hospital, sanitarium, rest home, nursing home, or other person or agency furnishing the information to any action for damages or other relief. The information, records, reports, statements, notes, memoranda, or other data shall not be admissible as evidence in a court or before any other tribunal, board, agency, or person. A person participating in an authorized study or research project shall not disclose, directly or indirectly, the information so obtained except in strict conformity with the research project. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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15 ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS ATV BAC CDL CJIC CRD DOB All-Terrain Vehicle Bodily Alcohol Content. (Formerly referred to as Blood Alcohol Content or Blood Alcohol Concentration.) Determination of percent by weight of ethyl alcohol in blood. Usually measured in grams per liter or grams per milliliter depending on the test used. Commercial Driver s License. A CDL is required in the United States to operate any type of vehicle with a gross weight of 26,001 lb or over. Criminal Justice Information Center. A division of the Michigan Department of State Police formerly known as the Central Records Division. Child Restraint Device. Also called child safety seat or child car seat. Date of Birth FHWA Federal Highway Administration. A part of the United States Department of Transportation. GDL HBD HNBD KABC MCLS Graduated Driver Licensing. A system used to identify different tiers of drivers. See Michigan Public Act 387 effective April 1, 1997, phasing in teenage driving privileges. Had Been Drinking Had Not Been Drinking Injury severity scale for traffic crash-related injuries: o K - Fatal o A - Incapacitating o B - Non-incapacitating o C - Possible See Glossary for definitions. Michigan Crash Location System MDCH Michigan Department of Community Health (formerly Michigan Department of Public Health.) MDOS Michigan Department of State MDOT Michigan Department of Transportation NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A part of the United States Department of Transportation. OHSP ORV OWI PDO UD-10 Office of Highway Safety Planning. A division of the Michigan Department of State Police. Off-Road Vehicle Operating While Intoxicated. Refers to a person who is driving a vehicle while either under the influence of alcohol, a controlled substance, or both; OR has a BAC of.08 or greater. Property Damage Only. Refers to a traffic crash lacking personal injuries. Form number ascribed to the Michigan Traffic Crash Report form; the official document used to report traffic crashes in Michigan. UMTRI University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute USDOT United States Department of Transportation VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled. The estimated total number of miles traveled annually by motor vehicles on Michigan trafficways. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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17 GLOSSARY Access Control - Indicates the degree access to an adjoining roadway is controlled by public authority. o o o No access control (unlimited access) Full access control (ramp entry & exit only) Other (partial access control NOTE: Access is controlled by roadway configuration, not traffic control devices such as, No Left Turn signs, etc. Bicycle - A device propelled by human power upon which a person may ride, having either two or three wheels in a tandem or tricycle arrangement, all of which are over 14 inches in diameter. Bicyclist - An operator or passenger riding a bicycle. Bus (Also see School Bus) - Any passenger-carrying vehicle designed to transport 18 or more passengers, including the driver. Crash Date - The date the crash occurred. If the date is unknown, and cannot be reasonably estimated, use the date the crash was discovered by the complainant or the date reported. A valid date is necessary to update records of each involved driver. Crash Rate - The number of crashes per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. Crash Type - A crash is typed by the first injury or damage-producing event, which may or may not be the most serious or significant event. Death Rate - Deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. Driver/Operator - The person who is in actual physical control of a vehicle in transit. Driver Condition - Apparent condition of the driver which may have contributed to the crash. Appeared normal; had been drinking; illegal drug use; sick; fatigue; asleep; medication (prescription and over the counter medication); distracted (inside or outside of the unit); using cellular phone; unknown. Drug-Involved Crash - Drug use prior to the crash by a driver, pedestrian, or cyclist as reported by the police, the coroner, or other accepted authorities. Engineer - Engineer (railroad train) Fatal Crash - A fatality is counted when a person dies due to injuries from a traffic crash. Prior to 1979, deaths were counted if they occurred up to one year after the crash; in 1979 this time period was reduced to 90 days. In 1988 this was further reduced to 30 days. Graduated Driver Licensing - Michigan Public Act 387 effective April 1, 1997, phasing in teenage driving privileges. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

18 GLOSSARY (continued) Had Been Drinking (HBD) Crash - Drinking prior to the crash by a driver, pedestrian, or cyclist as reported by the police, the coroner, or other accepted authorities. Beginning with year 2000 data, the information provided for alcohol contains data for alcohol-related crashes only. This figure DOES NOT include the combined number for alcohol and drug related crashes as has been reported in prior years. Harmful Event - A harmful event is an occurrence of injury or damage. Holiday - Refers to the length of the Holiday weekend period, including the hours of 6:00 PM to midnight of the day preceding the Holiday. Please refer to the table below for the time period connected to Holidays falling on a given day of the week. Time Period Holiday Day From To of Days Sunday 6:00 PM FRI - 23:59 PM MON 3 1/4 Monday 6:00 PM FRI - 23:59 PM MON 3 1/4 Tuesday 6:00 PM FRI - 23:59 PM TUE 4 1/4 Wednesday 6:00 PM TUE - 23:59 PM WED 1 1/4 Thursday 6:00 PM WED - 23:59 PM SUN 4 1/4 Friday 6:00 PM THU - 23:59 PM SUN 3 1/4 Saturday 6:00 PM THU - 23:59 PM SUN 3 1/4 Ignition Interlock - An alcohol concentration measuring device preventing a motor vehicle from being started at any time without first determining through a deep lung sample the operator s breath alcohol level. Michigan Vehicle Code, Sec L (6). Injury Codes K (Fatal) - Any injury resulting in death. A (Incapacitating Injury) - Any injury, other than a fatal injury, preventing the injured person from walking, driving or normally continuing the activities the person was capable of performing before the injury occurred. B (Non-Incapacitating Injury) - Any injury not incapacitating but evident to observers at the scene of the crash in which the injury occurred. C (Possible Injury) - Any injury reported or claimed that is not a fatal injury, incapacitating injury or non-incapacitating injury. O (No injury) - Person reported as not receiving bodily harm from the motor vehicle crash. Note: Uninjured passengers are not required to be recorded by the police with the exception of a fatal crash at which point all involved parties must be listed. Injury Crash - Any crash involving an injury other than a fatal injury. In Transport - Denotes the state or condition of a vehicle that is in motion or within the portion of a way ordinarily used by similar vehicles. When applied to motor vehicles, "in transport" means in motion or on a roadway. Inclusions: Motor vehicle in traffic on a highway; driverless motor vehicle in motion; motionless motor vehicle abandoned on a roadway; disabled motor vehicle on a roadway; and others. A parked motor vehicle in roadway lanes used to travel during rush hours and parking during offpeak periods is in transport during periods when parking is forbidden. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

19 GLOSSARY (continued) Licensed Drivers - All valid Michigan drivers on file, including suspended, revoked, and denied drivers (does not include expired licenses). Location (Crash Location) - Location of a crash is defined by: o The road name on which the crash occurred including prefix, road name, type, and suffix o The distance and direction of the point of impact from a cross road (located within the county of the crash) o The name of the cross road including prefix, road name, type, and suffix Most Severe Outcome in Crash - The most severe injury sustained by any person involved in the crash, or property damage only. Most Severe Outcome in Vehicle - The most severe injury sustained by any person in the vehicle, or property damage only. Motorcyclist - An operator or passenger riding a motored cycle. Motor Vehicle - "Motor vehicle" means every vehicle which is self-propelled and every vehicle which is propelled by electric power obtained from overhead trolley wires, but not operated upon rails. o Standard motor vehicles - Cars, pickups, vans, buses, trucks, motorcycles, etc. o Emergency vehicles - Police, fire, ambulance. o Farm equipment - Farm tractors, combines, etc. o Off Road Vehicles (ORV) - Snowmobiles, mopeds, all-terrain vehicles (ATV), dirt bikes, motorbikes, go-carts, garden tractors, motorized wheelchairs, scooters. o Road maintenance equipment - dump trucks, snowplows, road graders o Construction equipment - Rollers, front-end loaders, scrapers, mobile cranes, etc. Motor Vehicle Crash - A crash involving a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway (in Michigan) resulting in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. Non-collision - A crash not involving a collision with another motor vehicle. Types of non-collision crashes include explosion or fire in vehicle, rollover, immersion, etc. Occupant - Any injured or killed person in or on a motor vehicle, including all drivers. Passenger - Any person in or on a motor vehicle, excluding the driver. Pedestrian - Any person on foot; person on skis, skates or roller blades; rider of horse; horse and buggy (each occupant including the driver will be listed as a separate pedestrian unit); non-motorized wheelchair. Property Damage Only (PDO) Crash - A crash resulting in no fatalities or injuries, with a value of $1,000 as a reporting threshold. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

20 GLOSSARY (continued) School Bus - Every motor vehicle, except station wagons, with a manufacturers' rated seating capacity of 18 or more passengers, including the driver, owned by a public, private, or governmental agency and operated for the transportation of children to or from school, or privately owned and operated for compensation for the transportation of children to or from school. School bus does not include buses operated by a municipally owned transportation system or by a common passenger carrier certificated by the state transportation department. Traffic Unit - Anything in transit on a public trafficway (i.e., motor vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, pedestrian, snowmobile, farm equipment). Trafficway - Indicates whether or not a trafficway is not physically divided, or is divided with a median strip, with or without a traffic barrier, and whether it serves one-way or two-way traffic. Transition Area - Increase or decrease in the number of travel lanes. Valid Drivers - Excludes non-valid categories such as no license, out-of-state drivers with Michigan violations, deceased, and licenses expired three months prior to Department of State run date. Zero Tolerance - Law that began November 1, 1994, making it illegal for any person in Michigan under the age of 21 to consume alcohol in the presence of a law enforcement officer, or to have a BAC of 0.02 percent or more. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

21 TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK FACTS & FIGURES Quick Facts... 3 Michigan s Crash Watch... 5 HISTORICAL INFORMATION 10 Year (2003-) Vehicle Registrations... 9 Vehicle Miles Traveled... 9 Crashes... 9 Motor Vehicle Deaths Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes Fatal Crashes HBD Fatalities HBD Injuries HBD Fatal Crashes Restraint Usage Licensed Drivers Mileage Death Rate Crash Rate Personal Injury Crash Rate Property Damage Crash Rate Male vs. Female Drivers in All Crashes Male vs. Female Drivers in Fatal Crashes Male vs. Female Drinking Drivers in All Crashes All Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes Teen/Young Adult Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes Elderly Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes All Drinking Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes Teen/Young Adult Drinking Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes Elderly Drinking Drivers in All and Fatal Crashes Motor Vehicles in All and Fatal Crashes Motorcycles in All and Fatal Crashes Pedestrians in All and Fatal Crashes Bicycles in All and Fatal Crashes Snowmobiles on Roadway in All and Fatal Crashes ORV/ATV's on Roadway in All and Fatal Crashes Vehicle-Train Crashes Vehicle-Deer Crashes Farm Equipment Crashes Death & Injury per Crash-Involved Occupant Michigan, U.S. and Surrounding States - Mileage Death Rates Michigan, U.S. and Surrounding States - Fatalities and VMT Average Age of Drivers in Crashes Year (2008-) Age of Persons Killed, Age of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes Age of Drivers Involved in Single Vehicle Fatal Crashes Age of Bicyclists Killed Age of Pedestrians Killed Select Holiday Data Motor Vehicle Deaths and Mileage by Month Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

22 AGE 1 Year (2011-) Summary Trends Cost of Crashes in Michigan Map of Where Traffic Fatalities Occurred Years (1961-) Motor Vehicle Traffic Deaths in Michigan by Month Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash and Related Data Person s Age and Injury Severity by Person Type Driver Age Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action Most Harmful Event Crash Type Relationship to Roadway Roadway Type Time and Severity Hazardous Action Day of Week Driver Gender of Occupants in Motor Vehicle Vehicle Type Driver Age Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action Most Harmful Event Crash Type Relationship to Roadway Roadway Type Time and Severity Hazardous Action Day of Week Driver Gender of Occupants in Motor Vehicle Vehicle Type Driver Age 65 & Over Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action Most Harmful Event Crash Type Relationship to Roadway Roadway Type Time and Severity Hazardous Action Day of Week Driver Gender of Occupants in Motor Vehicle Vehicle Type ALCOHOL Injury Experience for Persons Who Had Been Drinking Drivers Drinking and/or Using Drugs & Injury Severity in Crash All Crashes and HBD Crashes by Injury Severity Death & Injury per Crash Involved Occupant All Drivers and HBD Drivers Injury Severity - Ejected vs. Not Ejected All Occupants and Occupants of HBD Crashes Injury Severity - Ejected vs. Not Ejected Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

23 DEER Injury Severity & Restraint Use for Crash Involved KABC Drivers Injury Severity & Restraint Use for Crash Involved KABC Occupants Alcohol Involvement in Fatal Crashes Alcohol Involvement in Injury Crashes Male Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash Male Drinking Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash Female Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash Female Drinking Drivers & Injury Severity in Crash Map of Traffic Fatalities with Drinking Involvement by County Map of County Ranking by HBD Fatal Crash Rate Map of Michigan Motor Vehicle-Deer Involved Crashes Light Condition and Time of Day in Motor Vehicle-Deer Crashes Monthly and Seasonal Rates for Motor Vehicle-Deer Crashes CRASH - Circumstances common to all traffic units in a crash All Crashes Injury Severity by Month Crash Experience by Roadway Type Crash Type Relationship to Roadway Time and Severity Day of Week Road Condition Weather Condition Light Condition Intersection Crashes by Traffic Control Type Construction Zone Crashes VEHICLE/DRIVER - Characteristics specific to individual traffic units Vehicle Type Crash Involvement Vehicle Types in Crashes by Crash Severity Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action Action Prior to Crash - Motorcyclist Action Action Prior to Crash - Bicyclist Action Action Prior to Crash - Pedestrian Action Most Harmful Event Vehicle Defects in Crash Involvement Driver Hazardous Action Michigan Bicycle Crashes Michigan Pedestrian Crashes Michigan Snowmobile Crashes Michigan ORV/ATV Crashes Snowmobile Driver Hazardous Action ORV/ATV Driver Hazardous Action Michigan Farm Equipment Crashes Michigan Vehicle-Train Crashes Motorcycle Driver Gender Information - All Crashes Person Age: Demographics and Crash Involvements Crash Rate per Licensed Driver by Age of Driver in All Crashes Driver Age Driver Condition Driver Injury Severity by Restraint, Alcohol, and Drug Use Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

24 RED-LIGHT-RUNNING CRASHES Section Introduction Speed Limit Crash Type Special Circumstances Driver Conditions HEAVY TRUCK/BUS Section Introduction Action Prior to Crash - Driver Action Most Harmful Event Crash Type Hazardous Action Relationship to Roadway Time and Severity Roadway Type Day of Week Driver Gender of Occupants Vehicle Type Hazardous Citation Issued OCCUPANT/PERSON - Specific information on each driver and injured person in a crash Age & Gender of Occupants Killed & Injured in Motor Vehicle Crashes Reported Occupant Restraint Usage for All Drivers and Injured Passengers Motor Vehicle Occupants & Injury Severity by Seating Position and Known Belt Usage Reported Restraint Use - Children Motor Vehicle Occupant Injury Severity by Known Airbag Deployment Age & Gender of Motorcyclists Killed & Injured in Motor Vehicle Crashes Motorcycle Helmet Use and Injury Severity Occupant Injury Outcome by Vehicle Type REFERENCES References and Reporting Agencies INDEX Index Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

25 Quick Facts & Figures

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27 QUICK FACTS Some exposure factor comparisons between and 2011 show motor vehicle registrations decreased 0.3 percent, the number of licensed drivers on Michigan roads increased 0.4 percent, and vehicle mileage decreased 0.5 percent. The fatality rate of 0.99 deaths per 100 million miles of travel increased 5.3 percent from the 2011 fatality rate of 0.94, remaining below the 10-year average of 1.04 (2003-). There were 936 persons killed and 70,518 persons injured in 273,891 reported motor vehicle traffic crashes in Michigan during. Compared with the 2011 experience, the number of: deaths increased 5.3 percent, persons injured decreased 1.8 percent, and total reported crashes decreased 3.6 percent. There were 273,891 reported crashes, of which 870 were fatal, 51,685 were personal injury, and 221,336 were property damage only crashes. Of all fatal crashes, 26.1 percent occurred at intersections. Of all fatal crashes, 29.9 percent involved at least one drinking operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian, 22.4 percent involved drinking but no drugs, 6.2 percent involved drugs but no drinking, and 7.5 percent involved both drinking and drugs. Excessive speed was indicated as the hazardous action by 13.2 percent of the drivers involved in fatal crashes. Of the 273,891 total crashes in, 101,599 (37.1%) involved one vehicle only. This is a decrease of 5.4 percent from last year s count of 107,373 single-vehicle crashes. Of the 870 fatal crashes, 447 (51.4%) involved one vehicle. Of the 260 alcohol-related fatal crashes, 182 (70.0%) involved one vehicle. This is the same as last year s figure of 182 single vehicle, alcohol-related fatal crashes. Of the 1,352 drivers involved in fatal crashes, 138 (10.2%) were under 21 years of age and 291 (21.5%) were under 25 years of age. Of the 9,883,360 persons living in Michigan [1] one out of every 10,559 was killed in a traffic crash and one out of every 140 was injured. For each person killed, 75 persons were injured. According to figures provided by the Michigan Department of Community Health [2], accidental death for children in motor vehicle crashes routinely outpaces the next two most frequent causes: fire and drowning. According to the Michigan Department of Community Health, approximately three out of five accidental deaths for teenagers and young adults (ages 15-24) are due to motor vehicle crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 3

28 The pedestrian death toll for Michigan stands at 133 persons, a decrease of 7 deaths from For each pedestrian killed, there were 15 pedestrians injured. Of the pedestrians killed, 36.1 percent were killed while crossing streets not at intersections. Of all pedestrians killed, 15.0 percent were under the age of 21 and 5.3 percent were 75 and older. Children under the age of 16 accounted for 5.0 percent of the bicycle deaths. Of the 471,830 drivers and injured passengers involved in crashes, 411,403 or 87.2 percent were reported to have been using occupant restraints. Restraint usage among fatal victims, where usage was known, was reported to be 57.9 percent in. Motor vehicle occupants age had the highest reported restraint usage (96.2%) among all age groups. Children age had the lowest reported restraint usage (81.0%). The economic loss in Michigan traffic crashes amounted to $8,436,618,800. If costs were spread across the state s population this would translate into a loss of $ per state resident. Note: Information on the cost of crashes was provided by the National Safety Council. 4 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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31 Historical Information 10-, 5-, and 1-year

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33 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 8,708,688 VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS 8,578,224 8,464,905 8,353,070 8,409,163 8,187,990 8,145,728 8,101,713 8,131,862 8,104, YEAR TRENDS Vehicle registrations decreased 6.9 percent over the 10-year period VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED Vehicle miles traveled decreased 5.9 percent over the 10-year period CRASHES 500, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,891 There were 273,891 total crashes statewide in, a 30.0 percent decrease from Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 9

34 DEATHS 1,600 1,400 1, YEAR TRENDS (continued) 1, , 283 1, 159 1, 129 1, 084 1, In, 936 people died in motor vehicle crashes, a decrease of 27.0 percent from INJURIES 140, , ,000 80,000 60,000 40, ,555 99,680 90,510 81,942 80,576 74,568 70,931 70,501 71,796 70,518 In, 70,518 people received nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle crashes, down 33.2 percent from 105,555 in , FATAL CRASHES 1,400 1,200 1, ,172 1,055 1,030 1, In, there were 870 fatal crashes, down 25.8 percent from 1,172 in Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

35 HAD-BEEN-DRINKING FATALITIES 10 YEAR TRENDS Deaths in alcohol-related crashes decreased 29.6 percent over the 10-year period HAD-BEEN-DRINKING INJURIES 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 8,815 8,096 7,421 7,068 6,563 5,700 5,678 5,458 5,377 5,475 Mirroring the trend in deaths, had-been-drinking injuries are down 37.9 percent from In, there were 5,475 injuries in crashes where the operator had been drinking HAD-BEEN-DRINKING FATAL CRASHES Alcohol involvement in fatal crashes is down 28.2 percent from In, there were 260 fatal crashes where the operator had been drinking Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 11

36 RESTRAINT USAGE IN CRASHES 10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) The percentage of motor vehicle occupants using restraints as reported by police in traffic crashes has increased 0.1 percent over the last ten years DRIVERS IN MICHIGAN There were 7,064,569 licensed drivers on Michigan roadways in, a decrease of 1.8 percent from MILEAGE DEATH RATE The 1.0 death rate in is a 23.1 percent decrease from the 10-year high of 1.3 in Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

37 TOTAL CRASH RATE 10 YEAR TRENDS The 10-year total crash rate peaked in 2003 at then decreased by 25.6 percent to in PERSONAL INJURY CRASH RATE The 54.8 personal injury crash rate in is a 28.4 percent decrease from PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASH RATE The property damage crash rate in is a 25.0 percent decrease from Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 13

38 DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES Male Female , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , YEAR TRENDS (continued) DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES Male Male drivers accounted for 54.7 percent of all drivers in crashes during, down from 57.3 percent in Female DRIVERS IN FATAL CRASHES 2,000 DRIVERS IN FATAL CRASHES Male Female , , , , , DRINKING DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES 1,500 1, Male drivers made up 71.8 percent of all drivers in fatal crashes in. The 936 male driver count is down 24.8 percent from , Male Female DRINKING DRIVERS IN ALL CRASHES Male Female ,436 3,203 10, ,179 3, ,359 3, ,454 2, ,095 2, ,270 2, ,881 2, ,209 2, ,094 2,574 7,250 2, Male Male drivers have always accounted for the majority of drinking drivers in all crashes. In, males represented 73.9 percent of all drinking drivers. The 7,250 male driver count is down 36.6 percent from Female Note: 7.4 percent of all drivers (33,950), 3.6 percent of drivers in fatal crashes (48), and 0.4 percent of all drinking drivers (40), were coded as unknown gender in, and they are not counted in these tables. 14 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

39 ALL DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes ,096 1, ,913 1, ,671 1, ,763 1, ,228 1, ,240 1, ,801 1, ,968 1, ,501 1, ,030 1,352 TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , ELDERLY DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , ,000 2, ,000 3, ,000 1, , All Crashes ALL DRIVERS 2008 The number of drivers involved in all crashes decreased 27.7 percent over the 10-year period. The number of drivers involved in fatal crashes decreased 28.5 percent over the 10- year period. Teen/young adult drivers (age 16-20) represented 7.0 percent of the licensed drivers in. The number of teen/young adult drivers in all crashes has decreased by 41.8 percent since Their involvement in fatal crashes decreased 43.5 percent during the same time period. Elderly drivers (age ) represent 17.8 percent of the licensed drivers in. The number of drivers age 65 and older in all crashes has decreased 6.6 percent since Their involvement in fatal crashes decreased 14.0 percent during the same time period Fatal Crashes 180, , , , , , TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes 50, , , , , ELDERLY DRIVERS 2006 All Crashes Fatal Crashes YEAR TRENDS Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 15

40 DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , YEAR TRENDS (continued) 25, , , , , DRINKING DRIVERS 2006 All Crashes 2007 Drinking driver involvement in all crashes decreased by 34.0 percent from Drinking driver involvement in fatal crashes decreased by 25.5 percent from Fatal Crashes 2011 TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , TEEN/YOUNG ADULT DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes 2007 Improving on the trend for all drinking drivers, the number of teen/young adult drinking drivers (age 16-20) in all crashes decreased by 46.8 percent, and their involvement in fatal crashes decreased by 40.6 percent from Fatal Crashes 2011 ELDERLY DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes ELDERLY DRINKING DRIVERS All Crashes 2007 The number of elderly drinking drivers (age ) in all crashes decreased by 13.6 percent from However their involvement in fatal crashes was the highest since Fatal Crashes Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

41 MOTOR VEHICLES All Crashes Fatal Crashes ,767 1, ,913 1, ,671 1, ,763 1, ,228 1, ,240 1, ,801 1, ,968 1, ,501 1, ,030 1, ,000 4, ,000 3, ,000 2, ,000 1, MOTOR VEHICLES All Crashes There were 1,352 motor vehicles involved in fatal crashes in, down 28.5 percent from There has been a 27.8 percent decrease in all crashes Fatal Crashes YEAR TRENDS MOTORCYCLES All Crashes Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , , , , MOTORCYCLES 2006 All Crashes 2007 The number of motorcycles involved in fatal crashes has increased 63.0 percent during the 10-year period. There has been a 13.0 percent increase in all crashes involving motorcycles Fatal Crashes 2011 PEDESTRIANS All Crashes Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , PEDESTRIANS All Crashes 2007 There were 157 pedestrians involved in fatal crashes in, down 14.7 percent from There has been a 18.8 percent decrease in pedestrians involved in all crashes Fatal Crashes 2011 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 17

42 BICYCLES All Crashes Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , SNOWMOBILES ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS All Crashes Fatal Crashes YEAR TRENDS (continued) 4, , , , All Crashes BICYCLES 2007 There were 21 bicycles involved in fatal crashes in, down 36.4 percent from There was a 12.9 percent decrease in all bicycle-involved crashes in the 10-year period. Snowmobile crashes are down 76.0 percent from Fatal snowmobile crashes are down 64.3 percent from Fatal Crashes 1, SNOWMOBILES ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS All Crashes Fatal Crashes ORV/ATV's ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS All Crashes Fatal Crashes ORV/ATV s ON MICHIGAN ROADWAYS All Crashes 2007 The number of all ORV/ATV-involved crashes has decreased 13.0 percent over the 10-year period. The number of ORV/ATV-involved fatal crashes on Michigan public roadways has ranged between seven and 18 over the 10- year period Fatal Crashes Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

43 VEHICLE-TRAIN CRASHES 10 YEAR TRENDS There were 38 vehicle-train crashes in, a decrease of 63.5 percent in the 10-year period VEHICLE-DEER CRASHES 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 67,760 62,707 58,741 60,875 61,907 61,010 61,486 55,867 53,592 48,918 20,000 The number of vehicle-deer crashes has decreased 27.8 percent in the 10-year period. 10, FARM EQUIPMENT CRASHES There were 181 farm equipment crashes in, an increase of 15.3 percent from Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 19

44 10 YEAR TRENDS (continued) DEATH AND INJURY FOR CRASH-INVOLVED OCCUPANTS Death & Injury 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, All Occupants 818, , , , , , , , , ,001 C - Injured 66,570 66,155 59,434 53,752 52,888 49,427 46,680 45,972 47,567 46,343 B - Injured 22,449 20,915 19,414 17,423 17,105 15,495 14,911 15,659 15,635 15,458 A - Injured 8,798 8,411 7,714 6,904 6,821 6,091 5,879 5,414 5,142 5,156 K - Killed 1, All Occupants 1,000, , , , ,000 0 Note: The all-occupant figure is the number of occupants recorded by the police officers on the UD Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

45 MILEAGE DEATH RATES YEAR TRENDS U.S. (NSC) U.S. (NHTSA) Michigan Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota U.S. (NSC*) U.S. (NHTSA*) Michigan Ohio Indiana Illinois Wisconsin Minnesota * National Safety Council (NSC) reports traffic and nontraffic deaths within a year of the accident. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports only traffic deaths that occur within 30 days of the accident. U.S. data for this table and tables on the following page were provided by the National Safety Council [3], the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [4], and the Federal Highway Administration [5]. State data for this table and tables on the following page were provided by Ohio [6], Indiana [7], Illinois [8], Wisconsin [9], and Minnesota [10]. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 21

46 10 YEAR TRENDS MICHIGAN AND SURROUNDING STATES COMPARISON OF FATALITIES AND VMT Year U.S. (NSC) Persons Killed U.S. (NHTSA) Persons Killed Michigan Persons Killed Ohio Persons Killed Indiana Persons Killed Illinois Persons Killed Wisconsin Persons Killed Minnesota Persons Killed ,757 42,884 1,283 1, , ,933 42,836 1,159 1, , ,500 43,443 1,129 1, , ,700 42,642 1,084 1, , ,100 41,059 1,084 1, , ,800 37, , , ,900 33, , ,700 32, , ,600 32, , ,200 33, , Year U.S. (FHWA) VMT Michigan VMT Ohio VMT Indiana VMT Illinois VMT Wisconsin VMT Minnesota VMT , , , , , , , , , , VMT described in billions of miles 22 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

47 10 YEAR TRENDS AVERAGE AGE OF DRIVERS IN CRASHES Age of Drivers All Crashes HBD Crashes Fatal Crashes HBD Fatal Crashes Reflecting the demographic trend of increasing age in the general population, the average age of drivers involved in all crashes and fatal crashes has increased over the 10-year period. The average age of drivers in HBD crashes has remained flat. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 23

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49 STATEWIDE TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES 5 YEAR TRENDS Revised July 21, 2014 TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES Age of Persons Killed, Under 1 year old years years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown s Age of Persons Killed, of Persons Under 1 year old 1-3 years 4-10 years years years years years years years years years 75 years and over Unknown 2008 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 25

50 5 YEAR TRENDS STATEWIDE TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES (continued) TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES Age of Drivers Involved in Fatal Crashes 13 years and under years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown s 1,447 1,270 1,326 1,267 1,352 Age of Drivers Involved in Single Vehicle Fatal Crashes 13 years and under years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown s Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

51 STATEWIDE TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES (continued) TREND DATA FOR FATALITIES Age of Bicyclists Killed Under 1 year old years years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown s Age of Pedestrians Killed Revised October 16, YEAR TRENDS Under 1 year old years years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown s Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 27

52 5 YEAR TRENDS FATAL CRASHES AND PERSONS KILLED FOR SELECT HOLIDAY PERIODS IN MICHIGAN HOLIDAY PERIOD Fatal Crashes Persons Killed SUMMARY Memorial Day (3) MON 9 [3] 10 [3] 2011 (3) MON 7 [3] 9 [5] 2010 (3) MON 14 [4] 15 [4] 2009 (3) MON 10 [6] 11 [7] 2008 (3) MON 11 [2] 11 [2] This table shows traffic death tolls in Michigan for Fourth of July (1) WED 4 [1] 4 [1] 2011 (3) MON 8 [4] 8 [4] 2010 (3) SUN 8 [2] 8 [2] 2009 (3) SAT 1 [1] 1 [1] 2008 (3) FRI 14 [5] 14 [5] Labor Day (3) MON 8 [4] 8 [4] 2011 (3) MON 11 [4] 12 [4] 2010 (3) MON 17 [8] 21 [12] 2009 (3) MON 15 [5] 16 [5] 2008 (3) MON 12 [4] 12 [4] Thanksgiving (4) THU 9 [4] 9 [4] 2011 (4) THU 7 [0] 7 [0] 2010 (4) THU 9 [3] 10 [4] 2009 (4) THU 10 [0] 11 [0] 2008 (4) THU 9 [7] 13 [10] Christmas (4) TUES 7 [6] 9 [6] 2011 (3) SUN 8 [4] 8 [4] 2010 (3) SAT 6 [4] 6 [4] 2009 (3) FRI 3 [3] 3 [3] 2008 (4) THU 11 [2] 14 [2] New Years (4) TUES 13 [6] 15 [6] 2011 (3) SUN 13 [5] 14 [5] 2010 (3) SAT 5 [1] 5 [1] 2009 (3) FRI 7 [4] 8 [4] 2008 (4) THU 15 [6] 15 [6] the past five years for the major holiday periods as defined by the National Safety Council. Based on the total experience, deaths averaged 2.56 per day. Alcohol-related deaths averaged 0.77 per day. Based on the holiday period experience, deaths averaged 2.89 per day. Alcohol-related deaths averaged 1.26 per day. Figures in parentheses in the 1 st column show number of full days in each holiday period. Fatal crashes and deaths are for these days plus six hours of the preceding day. Figures in brackets in the 2 nd and 3 rd columns show the number of alcohol-related fatal crashes and deaths. Please view the glossary for an explanation of holiday periods. 28 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

53 MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS AND MILEAGE BY MONTH 5 YEAR TRENDS TRAFFIC DEATHS PERCENTAGES Month Percent Deaths Percent Miles Driven January February March April May June July August September October November December s Percent Deaths & Percent Miles Driven Percent January February March April May June July August September October November December Percent Deaths Percent Miles Driven The chart above shows that the percent deaths were higher for the months of March, June, July, and October than for the other months when compared to the percent miles driven. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 29

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55 STATEWIDE SUMMARY TRENDS Michigan experienced a 5.3 percent increase in traffic fatalities, a 1.8 percent decrease in injuries and a 3.6 percent decrease in crashes. Deaths among vehicle occupants (drivers and passengers only) increased 6.6 percent. Persons sustaining "A" level injuries (the most serious) decreased 0.5 percent. 1 YEAR TRENDS 2011 % CHANGE NUMBER OF CRASHES Fatal Crashes Personal Injury Crashes... 52,487 51, Property Damage Crashes , , , , ALCOHOL-INVOLVED CRASHES Fatal Crashes Personal Injury Crashes... 3,829 3, Property Damage Crashes... 5,763 5, ,845 10, FATAL CRASHES Had Been Drinking (HBD) (30.3%) 260 (29.9%) 2.8 Had Not Been Drinking / Not Known If Drinking 581 (69.7%) 610 (70.1%) 5.0 PERSONS IN CRASHES Killed Injured... 71,796 70, Not Injured , , Unknown Injury... 43,625 38, , , PERSONS IN ALCOHOL-INVOLVED CRASHES Killed Injured... 5,377 5, Not Injured... 11,296 11, Unknown Injury... 1,393 1, ,340 18, PERSONS INJURED BY GENDER Male... 32,951 32, Female... 38,509 37, Unknown Gender ,796 70, PERSONS INJURED BY SEVERITY "A" Injury... 5,706 5, "B" Injury... 16,925 16, "C" Injury... 49,165 48, ,796 70, Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 31

56 1 YEAR TRENDS STATEWIDE SUMMARY TRENDS (continued) 2011 % CHANGE PERSONS KILLED BY GENDER Male Female PERSONS KILLED Driver Passenger Pedestrian Bicyclist Motorcyclist Farm Equipment Train Engineer Snowmobile ORV/ATV Other/Unknown BELT RESTRAINT USE BY DRIVER Reported Restrained - Killed Reported Not Restrained - Killed Reported Restrained - Injured... 43,347 43, Reported Not Restrained - Injured... 1,801 1, BELT RESTRAINT USE BY INJURED PASSENGER Reported Restrained - Killed Reported Not Restrained - Killed Reported Restrained - Injured... 14,430 14, Reported Not Restrained - Injured... 1,734 1, DRIVER AGE INVOLVED Fatal Crashes Personal Injury Crashes... 11,867 11, Property Damage Crashes... 42,260 40, All Crashes 54,269 51, Persons Killed Persons Injured... 17,446 16, DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER INVOLVED Fatal Crashes Personal Injury Crashes... 8,326 8, Property Damage Crashes... 29,982 30, All Crashes 38,475 38, Persons Killed Persons Injured... 11,873 11, Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

57 MORE MICHIGAN CRASH FACTS 1 YEAR TRENDS CRASH FACTS 2011 % Change Licensed Drivers 7,037,876 7,064, Registered Vehicles in Michigan 8,131,862 8,104, Michigan Population 9,876,187 9,823, Drivers Involved in Crashes 473, , Occupants Involved in Crashes 795, , Estimated MV Mileage Traveled (thousands) 94,754,135 94,289, Death Rate Per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Fatal Crash Rate Per 100 Million Veh Miles COST OF CRASHES IN MICHIGAN The cost estimate for Michigan crashes in is $ 8,436,618,800. This estimate is based on the National Safety Council s cost estimating procedures. Average comprehensive costs are based on the following figures: Comprehensive Costs, Death... $4,538,000 Incapacitating injury... $230,000 Nonincapacitating evident injury... $58,700 Possible injury... $28,000 No injury... $2,500 These cost estimates are not intended for comparisons to previous years. Deaths and injuries are calculated by number of persons. No injury is calculated per crash. Note: Information on the cost of crashes was provided by the National Safety Council. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 33

58 1 YEAR TRENDS HOUGHTON 1/3 WHERE TRAFFIC FATALITIES OCCURRED 1/2 KEWEENAW GOGEBIC 1/0 ONTONAGON 2/2 IRON 1/3 BARAGA 0/2 MARQUETTE 8/7 DICKINSON 4/3 ALGER 2/1 DELTA 2/7 SCHOOLCRAFT 0/2 LUCE 1/2 MACKINAC 1/2 CHIPPEWA 3/4 3/1 MENOMINEE Where Traffic Fatalities Occurred A One-Year Comparison Where ities = 936 / 2011 = Same or decrease Increase MASON 4/7 3/3 LEELANAU BENZIE 4/1 MANISTEE 3/3 LAKE 2/0 OCEANA 3/0 NEWAYGO 10/9 15/23 MUSKEGON OTTAWA 18/14 ALLEGAN 14/15 GRAND TRAVERSE 12/13 WEXFORD 6/8 OSCEOLA 3/3 MECOSTA 9/6 EMMET 1/4 CHEBOYGAN 1/4 CHARLEVOIX 1/2 ANTRIM 6/1 KALKASKA 4/5 MISSAUKEE 1/0 MONTCALM 15/6 KENT 46/40 IONIA 11/8 BARRY 9/10 CLARE 5/6 ISABELLA 6/9 EATON 12/9 OTSEGO 3/3 CRAWFORD 1/2 ROS- COMMON 3/1 GRATIOT 3/8 CLINTON 10/5 GLADWIN 2/2 MIDLAND 7/12 INGHAM 20/26 1/0 PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY 1/1 OSCODA 0/2 OGEMAW 1/4 ARENAC 3/2 BAY 20/15 SAGINAW 24/22 SHIA- WASSEE 7/6 ALPENA 0/3 ALCONA 1/0 IOSCO 7/3 GENESEE 35/43 LIVINGSTON 17/17 TUSCOLA 14/1 LAPEER 5/13 OAKLAND 57/67 HURON 2/5 SANILAC 2/5 ST. CLAIR 23/16 MACOMB 53/48 VAN BUREN 15/10 KALAMAZOO 29/26 CALHOUN 12/13 JACKSON 18/14 WASHTENAW 23/35 WAYNE 156/130 CASS 17/22 14/7 BERRIEN ST. JOSEPH 7/7 BRANCH 8/4 HILLSDALE 11/3 LENAWEE 18/9 MONROE 32/27 34 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

59 MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC DEATHS IN MICHIGAN BY MONTH Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 35

60 MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH AND RELATED DATA Revised October 14, 2014 of Estimated Motor Vehicle Death Rate Year Deaths Persons Crashes Mileage Registrations Per 100 million Injured (Millions) miles of travel ,567 93, ,973 32, ,395, , , ,078 34, ,498, , , ,794 36, ,646, , , ,444 38, ,860, , , ,598 40, ,066, , , ,880 43, ,133, , , ,004 45, ,161, , , ,495 48, ,327, , , ,223 50, ,560, , , ,715 53, ,683, , , ,015 55, ,835, , , ,745 57, ,160, , , ,864 58, ,442, , , ,763 55, ,652, , , ,560 56, ,744, , , ,600 61, ,861, , , ,751 64, ,138, , , ,193 67, ,436, , , ,435 64, ,536, , , ,594 61, ,570, , , ,831 62, ,140, , , ,971 61, ,400, , , ,797 63, ,443, , , ,193 65, ,509, , , ,904 68, ,857, , , ,694 70, ,952, , , ,224 75, ,061, , , ,437 77, ,196, , , ,252 79, ,233, , , ,180 81, ,300, , , ,847 81, ,329, , , ,942 84, ,411, , , ,636 85, ,495, , , ,050 85, ,669, , , ,073 85, ,751, , , ,477 87, ,106, , , ,793 89, ,115, , , ,766 91, ,227, , , ,675 93, ,407, , , ,852 94, ,569, , , ,813 96, ,603, , , ,515 98, ,690, , , , , ,708, ,159 99, , , ,578, ,129 90, , , ,464, ,084 81, , , ,353, ,084 80, , , ,409, , , , ,187, , , , ,145, , , , ,101, , ,049 94, ,131, , ,891 94, ,104, Excludes trailers and trailer coaches, and includes mopeds 36 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

61 Age

62

63 AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Age Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Driver age is calculated from birth date, and invalid date of birth entry errors result in age "0" drivers. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 39

64 AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE (continued) Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Age Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured 33 7, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

65 AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE (continued) Age Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured 66 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 41

66 AGE and INJURY SEVERITY by PERSON TYPE (continued) Age Driver Injured Passenger Motorcyclist Bicyclist Pedestrian Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Unknown 39, s 459, ,692 17, ,265 3, ,870 1, ,598 2, ,962 Includes 35,865 drivers with unknown injury severity and 372,853 with no injury Includes 42 passengers with unknown injury severity Includes 91 motorcyclists with unknown injury severity and 858 with no injury Includes 66 bicyclists with unknown injury severity and 297 with no injury Includes 58 pedestrians with unknown injury severity and 244 with no injury 42 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

67 DRIVER AGE DRIVER ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Going straight ahead 31, , Turning left 4, , Turning right 1, Stopped on roadway 3, In prior crash Changing lanes 1, Backing 1, Slowing/stopping on roadway 5, Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway 1, Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking Entering roadway Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) Avoiding vehicle (angle) Driverless moving Parked Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing/lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown Drivers 55, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 43

68 DRIVER AGE (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Loss of control Cross center/median Ran off road left Ran off road right Re-enter road Overturn 1, Separation of units Fire/explosion Immersion Jackknife Downhill runaway Cargo loss/shift Individual fell off Other noncollision NONCOLLISION Subtotal 2, MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Pedestrian Bicyclist (Pedalcycle) Motor vehicle in transport 39, , Parked motor vehicle 1, Railway train Animal 3, Other nonfixed objects COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 44, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

69 DRIVER AGE (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Bridge/pier/abutment Bridge parapet end Bridge rail Guardrail face Guardrail end Median barrier Highway traffic sign post Highway signal post Luminaire/light support Utility pole Other pole Culvert Curb Ditch 1, Embankment Fence Mailbox Tree 2, Rail crossing signal Building Traffic island Fire hydrant Impact attenuator Other fixed object COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 7, , Teen and young adult drivers have the highest incidence of collision with ditches and trees in all crashes when compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over). All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Unknown Event TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 55, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 45

70 DRIVER AGE (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Drivers Fatal Injury Single Vehicle 12, , Head On Head On - Left Turn 1, Angle 11, , Rear End 18, , Rear End - Left Turn Rear End - Right Turn Sideswipe - Same Direction 4, Sideswipe - Opposite Direct Other/Unknown 2, Drivers 55, , Teen and young adult drivers are involved in the largest proportion of single vehicle fatal crashes when compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over). RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury On Road 46, , Median Shoulder 2, Outside of Shoulder/Curb 4, , Gore Other/Unknown Drivers 55, , When compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over) in all crashes, teen and young adult drivers have the highest incidence of crashes where the first impact is on the shoulder of the roadway or outside the shoulder/curb. ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Interstate Routes 5, , U.S. & Michigan Roads 15, , County & City Roads 35, , Drivers 55, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

71 DRIVER AGE (continued) TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Midnight - 2:59 AM 2, :00 AM - 5:59 AM 1, :00 AM - 8:59 AM 6, , :00 AM - 11:59 AM 5, , Noon - 2:59 PM 10, , :00 PM - 5:59 PM 15, , :00 PM - 8:59 PM 8, , :00 PM - 11:59 PM 5, , Unknown Drivers 55, , For drivers age 16-20, the 3:00-5:59 PM time period has the highest number of all crashes and injury crashes, while the 9:00-11:59 PM time period has the highest number of fatal crashes. All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Hazardous Citation Issued HAZARDOUS ACTION of Drivers Fatal Injury Issued None 18, , Speed too fast 6, , , Speed too slow Failed to yield 7, , , Disregard traffic control 1, Drove wrong way Drove left of center Improper passing Improper lane use 1, Improper turn Improper/no signal Improper backing Unable to stop in assured clear distance 12, , , Reckless driving Careless/negligent driving 2, , Other 2, Unknown 1, Drivers 55, , , Compared to the other two age groups (21-64 and 65 & over), teen and young adult drivers have the highest incidence of crash involvement when their speed is too fast. In all crashes they are unable to stop in assured clear distance more often than older drivers. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 47

72 DRIVER AGE (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Monday 7, , Tuesday 7, , Wednesday 7, , Thursday 8, , Friday 10, , Saturday 7, , Sunday 5, , Drivers 55, , DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Male 29, , Female 25, , Unknown Drivers 55, , OCCUPANTS IN MOTOR VEHICLE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury 1 occupant 39, , occupants 11, , occupants 3, occupants 1, occupants occupants occupants Unknown Drivers 55, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

73 DRIVER AGE (continued) VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 47, , Van and Motorhome 1, Pickup 5, , Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) Motorcycle Moped Go Cart Snowmobile Off Road Vehicle Other Unknown CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) of Drivers 55, , CDL Truck/Bus Sub-category Types All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A Commercial Vehicle: Group B Commercial Vehicle: Group C Other Truck Unknown Truck of Drivers Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 49

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75 DRIVER AGE DRIVER ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Going straight ahead 181, , Turning left 20, , Turning right 8, , Stopped on roadway 40, , In prior crash Changing lanes 7, Backing 6, Slowing/stopping on roadway 32, , Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway 6, , Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking Entering roadway 3, Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing 1, Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 2, Avoiding vehicle (angle) 1, Driverless moving Parked 1, Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing/lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown 1, Drivers 321, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 51

76 DRIVER AGE (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Loss of control 1, Cross center/median Ran off road left Ran off road right Re-enter road Overturn 4, , Separation of units Fire/explosion Immersion Jackknife Downhill runaway Cargo loss/shift Individual fell off Other noncollision NONCOLLISION Subtotal 9, , MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Pedestrian 1, Pedalcycle (Bicyclist) 1, Motor vehicle in transport 229, , Parked motor vehicle 6, Railway train Animal 41, Other nonfixed objects 3, COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 282, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

77 DRIVER AGE (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Bridge/pier/abutment Bridge parapet end Bridge rail Guardrail face 2, Guardrail end Median barrier 3, Highway traffic sign post 1, Highway signal post Luminaire/light support Utility pole 2, Other pole Culvert Curb 1, Ditch 4, , Embankment Fence Mailbox Tree 6, , Rail crossing signal Building Traffic island Fire hydrant Impact attenuator Other fixed object 1, COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 27, , All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Unknown Event 1, TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 321, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 53

78 DRIVER AGE (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Drivers Fatal Injury Single Vehicle 78, , Head On 4, , Head On - Left Turn 8, , Angle 57, , Rear End 106, , Rear End - Left Turn 4, , Rear End - Right Turn 4, Sideswipe - Same Direction 35, , Sideswipe - Opposite Direct 6, , Other/Unknown 16, , Drivers 321, , RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury On Road 290, , Median 1, Shoulder 8, , Outside of Shoulder/Curb 16, , Gore Other/Unknown 3, Drivers 321, , ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Interstate Routes 42, , U.S. & Michigan Roads 98, , County & City Roads 180, , Drivers 321, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

79 DRIVER AGE (continued) TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Midnight - 2:59 AM 12, , :00 AM - 5:59 AM 11, , :00 AM - 8:59 AM 46, , :00 AM - 11:59 AM 39, , Noon - 2:59 PM 56, , :00 PM - 5:59 PM 82, , :00 PM - 8:59 PM 48, , :00 PM - 11:59 PM 24, , Unknown Drivers 321, , For drivers age 21-64, the 3:00-5:59 PM time period has the highest number of crashes for all crash types. All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Hazardous Citation Issued HAZARDOUS ACTION of Drivers Fatal Injury Issued None 181, , Speed too fast 20, , , Speed too slow Failed to yield 24, , , Disregard traffic control 6, , , Drove wrong way Drove left of center 1, Improper passing 1, Improper lane use 5, , Improper turn 2, , Improper/no signal Improper backing 4, , Unable to stop in assured clear distance 43, , , Reckless driving 1, Careless/negligent driving 7, , , Other 11, , , Unknown 6, , Drivers 321, , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 55

80 DRIVER AGE (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Monday 46, , Tuesday 47, , Wednesday 48, , Thursday 49, , Friday 59, , Saturday 40, , Sunday 30, , Drivers 321, , DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Male 174, , Female 146, , Unknown Drivers 321, , Male drivers age 21-64, are over-represented in fatal crashes. OCCUPANTS IN MOTOR VEHICLE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury 1 occupant 249, , occupants 47, , occupants 13, , occupants 5, , occupants 1, occupants 1, occupants 1, Unknown Drivers 321, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

81 DRIVER AGE (continued) VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 247, , Van and Motorhome 16, , Pickup 38, , Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) 5, , Motorcycle 3, , Moped Go Cart Snowmobile Off Road Vehicle Other 1, Unknown CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) 8, , of Drivers 321, , CDL Truck/Bus Sub-category Types All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A 5, , Commercial Vehicle: Group B 2, Commercial Vehicle: Group C Other Truck Unknown Truck of Drivers 8, , Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 57

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83 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER DRIVER ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Going straight ahead 21, , Turning left 4, , Turning right 1, Stopped on roadway 4, , In prior crash Changing lanes 1, Backing 1, Slowing/stopping on roadway 3, Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway 1, Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking Entering roadway Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) Avoiding vehicle (angle) Driverless moving Parked Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing/lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown Drivers 41, , Compared to the other two age groups (16-20 and 21-64), elderly drivers are more likely to be involved in a fatal crash when making a left turn. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 59

84 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Loss of control Cross center/median Ran off road left Ran off road right Re-enter road Overturn Separation of units Fire/explosion Immersion Jackknife Downhill runaway Cargo loss/shift Individual fell off Other noncollision NONCOLLISION Subtotal MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Pedestrian Pedalcycle (Bicyclist) Motor vehicle in transport 30, , Parked motor vehicle 1, Railway train Animal 4, Other nonfixed objects COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 37, , Motor vehicle in transport was by far the most problematic event in collisions with a nonfixed object for all crash types and age groups; however, it was most problematic for drivers age 65 and over. 60 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

85 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Bridge/pier/abutment Bridge parapet end Bridge rail Guardrail face Guardrail end Median barrier Highway traffic sign post Highway signal post Luminaire/light support Utility pole Other pole Culvert Curb Ditch Embankment Fence Mailbox Tree Rail crossing signal Building Traffic island Fire hydrant Impact attenuator Other fixed object COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 2, All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Unknown Event TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 41, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 61

86 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Drivers Fatal Injury Single Vehicle 8, , Head On Head On - Left Turn 1, Angle 10, , Rear End 10, , Rear End - Left Turn Rear End - Right Turn Sideswipe - Same Direction 5, Sideswipe - Opposite Direct Other/Unknown 2, Drivers 41, , Elderly drivers have the highest incidence of angle type crashes when compared to the other two age groups (16-20 and 21-64) in all crashes, fatal crashes, and injury crashes. RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury On Road 37, , Median Shoulder Outside of Shoulder/Curb 1, Gore Other/Unknown Drivers 41, , ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Interstate Routes 3, U.S. & Michigan Roads 13, , County & City Roads 24, , Drivers 41, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

87 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Midnight - 2:59 AM :00 AM - 5:59 AM :00 AM - 8:59 AM 3, :00 AM - 11:59 AM 8, , Noon - 2:59 PM 10, , :00 PM - 5:59 PM 10, , :00 PM - 8:59 PM 5, :00 PM - 11:59 PM 1, Unknown Drivers 41, , For drivers age 65 and over, noon - 2:59 PM has the highest number of crashes for all crash types. All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Hazardous Citation Issued HAZARDOUS ACTION of Drivers Fatal Injury Issued None 21, , Speed too fast 1, Speed too slow Failed to yield 6, , , Disregard traffic control 1, Drove wrong way Drove left of center Improper passing Improper lane use 1, Improper turn Improper/no signal Improper backing 1, Unable to stop in assured clear distance 4, , Reckless driving Careless/negligent driving Other 1, Unknown 1, Drivers 41, , , Compared to the other two age groups (16-20 and 21-64), elderly drivers have the highest incidence of failed to yield, disregard of traffic control, improper lane use, improper turn, and improper backing as a hazardous action in all crashes. In fatal crashes, elderly drivers have a significantly higher incidence of failed to yield as a hazardous action. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 63

88 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Monday 6, , Tuesday 6, , Wednesday 6, , Thursday 6, , Friday 7, , Saturday 4, , Sunday 3, Drivers 41, , DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Male 23, , Female 17, , Unknown Drivers 41, , OCCUPANTS IN MOTOR VEHICLE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury 1 occupant 31, , occupants 7, , occupants occupants occupants occupants occupants Unknown Drivers 41, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

89 DRIVER AGE 65 & OVER (continued) VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 32, , Van and Motorhome 2, Pickup 4, Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) Motorcycle Moped Go Cart Snowmobile Off Road Vehicle Other Unknown CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) of Drivers 41, , CDL Truck/Bus Sub-category Types All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Drivers Fatal Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A Commercial Vehicle: Group B Commercial Vehicle: Group C Other Truck Unknown Truck of Drivers Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 65

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91 Alcohol/Drug

92

93 ROADWAY INJURY EXPERIENCE FOR PERSONS WHO HAD BEEN DRINKING AND/OR USING DRUGS Alcohol and/or drug use affects the judgment and behavior of people in addition to motor vehicle drivers. Consider the experience of impaired bicyclists, motorcyclists, ORV/ATV riders, pedestrians, and snowmobilers when looking at crash statistics. Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs BICYCLIST Bicyclist in crash Bicyclist drinking Bicyclist in crash Bicyclist drugged Bicyclist in crash Bicyclist drink & drug Bicyclist in crash Bicyclists In Crashes 1, Bicyclists Killed Bicyclists Injured 1, Bicyclist drink &/or drug DRIVER Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Driver in crash Driver drinking Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Driver in crash Driver drugged Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Driver in crash Driver drink & drug Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs Driver in crash Drivers In Crashes 459,030 13,272 8,878 1,682 1,018 1, ,492 10,857 Drivers Killed Drivers Injured 49,692 3,434 2, ,413 3,379 Driver drink &/or drug Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs MOTORCYCLIST Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drinking Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drugged Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drink & drug Motorcyclist in crash Motorcyclist drink &/or drug Motorcyclists In Crashes 3, Motorcyclists Killed Motorcyclists Injured 2, Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 69

94 ROADWAY INJURY EXPERIENCE FOR PERSONS WHO HAD BEEN DRINKING AND/OR USING DRUGS (continued) Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs ORV/ATV RIDER ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Rider drinking ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Rider drugged ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Rider drink & drug ORV/ATV Rider in crash ORV/ATV Riders In Crashes ORV/ATV Riders Killed ORV/ATV Riders Injured ORV/ATV Rider drink &/or drug Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs PEDESTRIAN Pedestrian in crash Pedestrian drinking Pedestrian in crash Pedestrian drugged Pedestrian in crash Pedestrian drink & drug Pedestrian in crash Pedestrians In Crashes 2, Pedestrians Killed Pedestrians Injured 1, Pedestrian drink &/or drug Crashes Involving Drinking, not drugs Crashes Involving Drugs, not drinking Crashes Involving Drinking & Drugs Crashes Involving Drinking and/or Drugs SNOWMOBILER Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drinking Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drugged Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drink & drug Snowmobiler in crash Snowmobiler drink &/or drug Snowmobilers In Crashes Snowmobilers Killed Snowmobilers Injured Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

95 DRIVER DRINKING AND/OR USING DRUGS AND INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH BY AGE AGE OF DRIVER IN CRASH Drinking Only MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Injury Drug Only Both Drinking Only Drug Only Both Drinking Only 13 years & under years years years years years years years years 1, , years 2, , , years 1, , years 1, , years years years years years years years & over Unknown ,892 1, , , ,281 Drug Only Both The driver age group 25 to 34 years represents the highest number of drinking and/or drug use in total: crashes, fatal crashes, and injury crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 71

96 ALL CRASHES BY INJURY SEVERITY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 80.8% FATAL (K) 0.3% INJURY (A) 1.7% INJURY (B) 4.8% INJURY (C) 12.4% The majority of crashes do not involve injury (80.8%). Two thirds of those that do involve injury are only minor (C) injury crashes. HBD CRASHES BY INJURY SEVERITY PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY 57.6% FATAL (K) 2.6% INJURY (A) 8.0% INJURY (C) 17.4% INJURY (B) 14.4% The problem of the drinking driver, pedestrian, and/or cyclist is seen by comparing the two charts on this page. All injury levels are greater, and a fatality in the crash is eight and half times more likely when one of the crash-involved operators is reported as had-been-drinking (HBD). 72 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

97 DEATH & INJURY FOR CRASH INVOLVED OCCUPANTS NO INJURY 84.6% Occupants in Crashes FATAL (K) 0.2% INJURY (A) 1.2% INJURY (B) 3.5% INJURY (C) 10.5% The majority of occupants involved in crashes are not injured (84.6%). Two thirds of those who are injured receive only minor (C) injuries. Occupants in HBD Crashes NO INJURY 63.5% FATAL (K) 1.6% INJURY (A) 6.4% INJURY (B) 12.0% INJURY (C) 16.5% Crashes involving drinking tend to be more serious than nondrinking crashes. The percentage of occupant fatalities is eight times higher than in all crashes and the most serious injury level (A) is five and a half times higher. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 73

98 ALL DRIVERS and HBD DRIVERS INJURY SEVERITY - EJECTED vs. NOT EJECTED As can be seen in the two charts below, death and injury are much more likely when drivers are ejected from vehicles. Ejected No Injury 23.7% Not Ejected Injury (C) 17.3% Killed 10.6% Killed 0.1% Injury (A) 0.8% Injury (B) 2.6% Injury (C) 8.1% No Injury 88.3% Injury (B) 21.5% Injury (A) 27.0% When compared to the charts above, the charts below demonstrate that the injury severity is much worse for drivers who had been drinking in both ejected and non-ejected events. HBD Ejected Injury (B) 19.3% HBD Not Ejected No Injury 69.1% Injury (C) 11.8% Killed 1.1% Injury (A) 4.8% Injury (A) 40.4% No Injury 3.9% Injury (B) 11.5% Killed 24.6% Injury (C) 13.5% 74 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

99 ALL OCCUPANTS and OCCUPANTS of HBD CRASHES INJURY SEVERITY - EJECTED vs. NOT EJECTED As can be seen in the two charts below, death and injury are much more likely when occupants are ejected from vehicles. Ejected No Injury 18.9% Not Ejected Injury (C) 16.8% Killed 10.4% Killed 0.1% Injury (A) 1.1% Injury (B) 3.4% No Injury 84.9% Injury (C) 10.5% Injury (B) 24.6% Injury (A) 29.3% When compared to the charts above, the charts below demonstrate that the injury severity is much worse for occupants in a crash where drinking is reported in both ejected and non-ejected events. HBD Ejected Injury (B) 19.2% Injury (C) 12.4% Injury (A) 44.0% No Injury 3.1% Killed 21.4% Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 75

100 INJURY SEVERITY & RESTRAINT USE FOR CRASH INVOLVED KABC DRIVERS ALL CRASHES 40,000 1,600 Drivers - Restraints Used 30,000 1,200 20, , Drivers - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used HBD CRASHES 2, Drivers - Restraints Used 1, , Drivers - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used 76 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

101 INJURY SEVERITY & RESTRAINT USE FOR CRASH INVOLVED KABC OCCUPANTS ALL CRASHES 50,000 2,500 Occupants - Restraints Used 40,000 2,000 30,000 1,500 20,000 1,000 10, Occupants - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used HBD CRASHES 2, Occupants - Restraints Used 2, , , Occupants - Restraints Not Used 0 0 Possible Injury (C) Non-Incapacitating Injury (B) Incapacitating Injury (A) Fatal (K) Restraints Used Restraints Not Used Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 77

102 ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT IN FATAL CRASHES Fatal crashes (total of non-hbd and HBD fatal crashes) were lowest in January. HBD fatal crashes were highest in number during the months of May and July. The number of total fatal crashes reached highest levels in June and July. HBD Fatal Crashes by Month HBD Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D s HBD Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes Alcohol-related Fatalities Alcohol-related Fatalities by Month J F M A M J J A S O N D Alc-rel. Fatalities Fatalities Note: An alcohol-related fatality is any person killed in an HBD crash s Fatalities 78 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

103 HBD Fatal Crashes by Day of Week HBD Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes 0 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun HBD Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes Friday and Sunday had the most fatal crashes while Saturday and Sunday had the highest proportions of drinking-related fatal crashes in percent of the fatal crashes on Sunday involved drinking, while only 17.1 percent of the fatal crashes on Monday involved drinking. HBD Fatal Crashes by Time of Day 0 s HBD Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes 0 12:00-2:59A 3:00-5:59A 6:00-8:59A 9:00-11:59A HBD Fatal Crashes Fatal Crashes Not surprisingly, the 12:00 AM to 2:59 AM time period had the highest rate of drinking involvement (65.1%), while the 6:00 AM to 8:59 AM time period had the lowest (7.3%). Note: This chart excludes three HBD fatal crashes where time of day was unknown. 12:00-2:59P 3:00-5:59P 6:00-8:59P 9:00-11:59P 0 s Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 79

104 ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT IN INJURY CRASHES Alcohol involvement in injury crashes is an important indicator of the alcohol impaired driving problem. In, the highest number of HBD injury crashes occurred in July with 388. The highest proportion of HBD injury crashes also occurred in July with 8.3 percent of the injury crashes involving alcohol. HBD Injury Crashes by Month 300 6,000 HBD Injury Crashes 200 4, ,000 Injury Crashes 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D s A Injury - HBD B Injury - HBD ,439 C Injury - HBD ,740 Injury Crashes 4,374 3,877 3,786 3,600 4,732 4,681 4,661 4,645 4,244 4,666 3,964 4,455 51,685 Alcohol-related Injuries by Month 400 8,000 Alcohol-related Injuries 300 6, , ,000 Injuries 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D s A Injury - Alc-rel ,039 B Injury - Alc-rel ,893 C Injury - Alc-rel ,543 Injuries 5,770 5,216 5,206 4,963 6,408 6,517 6,500 6,431 5,814 6,271 5,418 6,004 70,518 Note: An alcohol-related injury is any person injured in an HBD crash. 80 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

105 HBD Injury Crashes by Day of Week ,000 HBD Injury Crashes 400 8, , , ,000 Injury Crashes 0 0 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun s A Injury - HBD B Injury - HBD ,439 C Injury - HBD ,740 Injury Crashes 7,281 7,237 7,288 7,614 9,293 7,141 5,831 51,685 HBD injury crashes follow the same basic trends as total crashes during the work week, but the weekend sees a dramatic increase in the proportion of HBD injury crashes to total injury crashes. HBD Injury Crashes by Time of Day ,000 HBD Injury Crashes , , , ,000 Injury Crashes :00-2:59A 3:00-5:59A 6:00-8:59A 9:00-11:59A A Injury - HBD B Injury - HBD C Injury - HBD Injury Crashes , , , , , , , , ,437 1,736 51,664 injury crash frequencies peak in the hours between 3:00 PM and 5:59 PM, while HBD injury crash frequencies peak between midnight and 2:59 AM (a particularly hazardous travel period). These frequencies exclude 21 injury crashes (including six HBD injury crashes) where time of day was unknown. 12:00-2:59P 3:00-5:59P 6:00-8:59P 9:00-11:59P s Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 81

106 MALE DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Male Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under years years years 3, , years 5, , years 6, , years 6, , years 6, , years 23, ,503 3,212 18, years 41, ,259 5,636 33, years 37, ,767 4,882 30, years 40, ,935 5,317 32, years 30, ,558 4,126 24, years 9, ,199 7, years 5, , years 3, , years 2, , years 1, , years and over Unknown 4, , , ,416 12,236 30, ,948 NOTE: This table excludes 33,950 drivers of unknown gender. The male driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. 82 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

107 MALE DRINKING DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRINKING DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Male Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under years years years years years years years years 1, years 1, , years 1, years 1, years years years years years years years and over Unknown , ,060 1,224 4,152 NOTE: This table excludes 40 unknown gender drinking drivers. The male drinking driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 83

108 FEMALE DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Female Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under years years years 3, , years 4, , years 5, , years 5, , years 5, , years 21, ,106 3,351 16, years 36, ,740 5,882 28, years 33, ,387 5,223 25, years 32, ,341 5,048 25, years 23, ,076 3,671 18, years 6, , years 4, , years 2, , years 2, , years 1, years and over Unknown 2, , , ,735 9,060 30, ,242 NOTE: This table excludes 33,950 drivers of unknown gender. The female driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. 84 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

109 FEMALE DRINKING DRIVERS BY AGE & INJURY SEVERITY IN CRASH AGE OF DRINKING DRIVER IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Female Drivers Fatal Injury PDO Fatal A B C 13 years and under years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown , ,594 NOTE: This table excludes 40 unknown gender drinking drivers. The female drinking driver age group 25 to 34 years experienced the highest number of crashes for all crash types. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 85

110 TRAFFIC FATALITIES WITH DRINKING INVOLVEMENT BY COUNTY 1/1 KEWEENAW HOUGHTON 0/2 GOGEBIC 1/0 ONTONAGON 0/1 IRON 1/2 BARAGA 0/1 MARQUETTE 5/0 DICKINSON 3/2 ALGER 1/0 DELTA 0/0 SCHOOLCRAFT 0/2 LUCE 0/0 MACKINAC 0/1 CHIPPEWA 0/2 2/0 MENOMINEE Where HBD Traffic Fatalities Occurred A One-Year Year-on-Year Comparison HBD Fatalities = 281 / 2011 = 274 Same or decrease Increase MASON 1/1 2/0 LEELANAU BENZIE 3/0 MANISTEE 1/1 LAKE 1/0 OCEANA 1/0 NEWAYGO 2/2 2/8 MUSKEGON OTTAWA 6/6 ALLEGAN 8/7 GRAND TRAVERSE 2/2 WEXFORD 1/4 OSCEOLA 0/1 MECOSTA 2/2 EMMET 0/0 CHEBOYGAN 1/2 CHARLEVOIX 0/0 ANTRIM 3/1 KALKASKA 1/2 MISSAUKEE 0/0 MONTCALM 6/3 KENT 15/11 IONIA 1/1 BARRY 3/5 CLARE 2/0 ISABELLA 0/2 EATON 4/2 OTSEGO 1/1 CRAWFORD 0/0 ROS- COMMON 1/0 GRATIOT 0/2 CLINTON 1/2 GLADWIN 0/0 MIDLAND 3/4 INGHAM 5/7 0/0 PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY 1/1 OSCODA 0/1 OGEMAW 0/1 ARENAC 1/2 BAY 11/8 SAGINAW 8/4 SHIA- WASSEE 0/2 ALPENA 0/0 ALCONA 1/0 IOSCO 2/3 GENESEE 12/8 LIVINGSTON 6/8 TUSCOLA 5/0 LAPEER 1/4 OAKLAND 15/25 HURON 1/0 SANILAC 1/1 ST. CLAIR 8/7 MACOMB 15/15 VAN BUREN 4/3 KALAMAZOO 7/10 CALHOUN 6/3 JACKSON 8/6 WASHTENAW 3/13 WAYNE 31/29 6/8 CASS BERRIEN 5/1 ST. JOSEPH 4/3 BRANCH 2/1 HILLSDALE 6/0 LENAWEE 4/3 MONROE 14/11 86 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

111 COUNTY RANKING BY HBD FATAL CRASH RATE.4515 KEWEENAW HOUGHTON.0000 GOGEBIC.0622 ONTONAGON.0000 BARAGA.0000 IRON.0863 MARQUETTE.0736 DICKINSON.1144 ALGER.1048 DELTA.0000 SCHOOLCRAFT.0000 LUCE.0000 MACKINAC.0000 CHIPPEWA MENOMINEE.0926 LEELANAU BENZIE.1718 GRAND TRAVERSE.0224 EMMET.0000 CHEBOYGAN.0387 CHARLEVOIX.0000 ANTRIM.0854 KALKASKA.0585 OTSEGO.0416 CRAWFORD PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY.1055 OSCODA.0000 ALPENA.0000 ALCONA.0940 MANISTEE.0405 WEXFORD.0307 MISSAUKEE.0000 ROS- COMMON.0415 OGEMAW.0000 IOSCO.0789 HBD Fatal Crash Rates HBD Fatal Crash Rates State average: State per average: 1,000 residents At or below average Above average Counties shaded in orange have HBD fatal crash rates above the state average. This means that these counties experienced a higher number of HBD fatal crashes per 1,000 residents than the state average of MASON.0349 LAKE.0870 OCEANA.0380 NEWAYGO MUSKEGON OTTAWA.0223 ALLEGAN.0625 OSCEOLA.0000 MECOSTA.0462 MONTCALM.0792 KENT.0212 IONIA.0156 BARRY.0509 VAN BUREN.0265 KALAMAZOO.0236 CLARE.0650 ISABELLA.0000 EATON.0278 CALHOUN.0370 GRATIOT.0000 CLINTON.0132 GLADWIN.0000 MIDLAND.0358 INGHAM.0177 JACKSON.0437 ARENAC.0646 BAY.0935 SAGINAW.0403 SHIA- WASSEE.0000 GENESEE.0287 LIVINGSTON.0328 WASHTENAW.0085 TUSCOLA.0915 LAPEER.0113 OAKLAND.0115 WAYNE.0156 HURON.0308 SANILAC.0237 ST. CLAIR.0498 MACOMB.0153 CASS BERRIEN ST. JOSEPH.0658 BRANCH.0456 HILLSDALE.1082 LENAWEE.0404 MONROE.0861 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 87

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115 MICHIGAN MOTOR VEHICLE-DEER INVOLVED CRASHES Michigan motorists reported 48,918 vehicle-deer crashes in. As a result of those collisions, 1,329 people were injured and eight people were killed. Three of the eight people killed were motorcycle riders, one was a passenger car driver, two were passengers, one was a small truck driver, and one was a moped driver. Of the 49,119 vehicles involved, 36,634 (74.6%) were passenger cars, 8,580 (17.5%) were pickups, and 2,258 (4.6%) were minivans, vans, or motorhomes. All other vehicle types (including motorcycle, snowmobile, ORV/ATV, large truck, moped) totaled 1,647 (3.6%). Motor vehicle-deer crashes occurred most often in Michigan s heavily populated southern counties; Oakland County had the highest number with 1,683 in, replacing Kent County (the county with the highest number for the last three years). 53 KEWEENAW HOUGHTON 339 GOGEBIC 102 ONTONAGON 272 IRON 388 BARAGA 205 MARQUETTE 431 DICKINSON 518 ALGER 120 DELTA 613 SCHOOLCRAFT 214 LUCE 118 MACKINAC 257 CHIPPEWA MENOMINEE 349 LEELANAU BENZIE 286 GRAND TRAVERSE 559 EMMET 519 CHEBOYGAN 505 CHARLEVOIX 498 ANTRIM 402 KALKASKA 227 OTSEGO 231 CRAWFORD PRESQUE ISLE MONT- MORENCY 200 OSCODA 141 ALPENA 341 ALCONA 375 MANISTEE 442 WEXFORD 469 MISSAUKEE 382 ROS- COMMON 296 OGEMAW 444 IOSCO 188 Vehicle-Deer Crashes ,000-1,499 1,500 + MASON 677 LAKE 243 OCEANA 491 NEWAYGO MUSKEGON OTTAWA 1,013 ALLEGAN 956 VAN BUREN 547 OSCEOLA 630 MECOSTA 852 MONTCALM 1,182 KENT 1,572 IONIA 630 BARRY 734 KALAMAZOO 933 CLARE 458 ISABELLA 989 EATON 1000 CALHOUN 997 GRATIOT 914 CLINTON 1,032 GLADWIN 413 MIDLAND 848 INGHAM 1,065 JACKSON 1,281 ARENAC 363 BAY 390 SAGINAW 874 SHIA- WASSEE 769 GENESEE 995 LIVINGSTON 669 WASHTENAW 925 TUSCOLA 903 LAPEER 1,175 OAKLAND 1,683 WAYNE 412 HURON 1,082 SANILAC 999 MACOMB 479 ST. CLAIR CASS BERRIEN 424 ST. JOSEPH 472 BRANCH 673 HILLSDALE 687 LENAWEE 580 MONROE 336 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 91

116 LIGHT CONDITION AND TIME OF DAY IN MOTOR VEHICLE-DEER CRASHES LIGHT CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Daylight 11, ,890 Dawn 4, ,338 Dusk 2, ,296 Dark Lighted 1, ,710 Dark Unlighted 28, ,721 Other/Unknown , ,713 Time and Severity of Motor Vehicle - Deer Crashes 8 16,000 All Crashes 12,000 8,000 4, Fatal Crashes 0 Midnight - 2:59 AM 3:00 AM - 5:59 AM 6:00 AM - 8:59 AM 9:00 AM - 11:59 AM Noon - 2:59 PM 3:00 PM - 5:59 PM 6:00 PM - 8:59 PM 9:00 PM - 11:59 PM 0 s All Crashes 3,363 4,745 11,113 2,538 1,906 3,748 12,259 9,232 48,904 Fatal Crashes NOTE: Time and Severity chart excludes 14 crashes where time of day is unknown percent (12,259) of reported vehicle-deer collisions occurred during the 6:00 PM to 8:59 PM time period. 92 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

117 MONTHLY AND SEASONAL RATES FOR MOTOR VEHICLE-DEER CRASHES MONTH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Fatal A B C Crashes January 4, ,097 February 3, ,143 March 2, ,588 April 2, ,583 May 3, ,311 June 3, ,514 July 2, ,376 August 2, ,007 September 3, ,662 October 6, ,831 November 9, ,096 December 4, ,505 48, ,713 Motor Vehicle - Deer Crashes 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 20,838 10,000 5,000 9,995 9,747 8,338 0 Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec 42.6 percent (20,838) of reported vehicle-deer collisions occurred during the fourth quarter of the year. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 93

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121 ALL CRASHES INJURY SEVERITY BY MONTH Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 97

122 CRASH EXPERIENCE BY ROADWAY TYPE The table below provides a breakdown of estimated vehicle mileage, crashes, deaths, death rates (deaths per 100 million vehicle miles), and crash rates (crashes per 100 million vehicle miles) for the major roadway types in Michigan. All rates are highest on U.S. & Michigan roads, and lowest on interstate routes. estimated mileage figures were provided by the Michigan Department of Transportation [11]. STATEWIDE Estimated Mileage (Billions) All Crashes Injury Crashes Deaths Crash Rate Injury Crash Rate Death Rate Interstate Routes ,254 6, U.S. & Michigan Roads ,136 14, County & City Roads ,501 30, ,891 51, Rates per 100 Million Vehicle Miles 500 Death Rate Injury and Crash Rates 0.0 Interstate U.S. & Michigan County & Local Death Rate Injury Crash Rate Crash Rate 98 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

123 CRASH TYPE CRASH TYPE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Single Vehicle 101, ,028 5,359 8,456 85,309 Head On 3, ,796 Head On - Left Turn 5, ,536 3,413 Angle 42, ,932 7,407 30,734 Rear End 67, ,149 11,360 53,474 Rear End - Left Turn 2, ,091 Rear End - Right Turn 2, ,396 Sideswipe - Same Direction 26, ,656 24,474 Sideswipe - Opposite Direct 4, ,270 Other/Unknown 16, ,609 13, , ,540 13,199 33, ,336 The Single Vehicle crash type produces the highest number of fatal crashes (51.4%). Single Vehicle crashes include rollovers, which are a particularly deadly crash type. Rear End-Turning crashes produce the lowest number of fatal crashes (0.9%). RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes On Road 231, ,204 9,799 28, ,519 Median 2, ,592 Shoulder 11, ,501 9,129 Outside of Shoulder/Curb 23, ,079 3,298 17,038 Gore 1, Other/Unknown 4, , , ,540 13,199 33, ,336 Crashes that happen outside of the normal driving lanes are overrepresented in the fatal count. Only 8.6 percent of crashes occur outside the shoulder of the road, but these crashes account for 23.2 percent of the fatal crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 99

124 TIME AND SEVERITY TIME OF DAY All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Midnight - 2:59 AM 13, ,469 10,936 3:00 AM - 5:59 AM 11, ,030 9,843 6:00 AM - 8:59 AM 38, ,388 4,010 32,492 9:00 AM - 11:59 AM 33, ,558 4,503 26,684 Noon - 2:59 PM 45, ,318 6,739 35,365 3:00 PM - 5:59 PM 61, ,064 8,798 48,499 6:00 PM - 8:59 PM 43, ,044 4,761 35,581 9:00 PM - 11:59 PM 26, ,329 2,624 21,701 Unknown , ,540 13,199 33, ,336 Crash frequencies peak in the late afternoon, then drop off steadily until 5:59 AM (the morning rush hour). Fatal crash frequencies rise with the frequency of other crashes, but continue at a high rate well into the early morning hours. There are proportionally more fatal crashes during the midnight to 2:59 AM time period. 100 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

125 DAY OF WEEK DAY OF WEEK All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Monday 39, ,775 4,901 31,712 Tuesday 38, ,715 4,911 31,536 Wednesday 39, ,851 4,886 32,238 Thursday 40, ,978 5,019 33,204 Friday 49, ,215 6,323 39,947 Saturday 36, ,944 4,450 29,121 Sunday 29, ,721 3,456 23, , ,540 13,199 33, ,336 Crash frequencies were higher Monday through Friday than on the weekend. Friday (17.7%) and Sunday (17.7%) had the highest number of fatal crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 101

126 ROAD CONDITION ROAD SURFACE CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Dry 196, ,553 10,237 24, ,989 Wet 40, ,722 5,573 32,567 Icy 15, ,685 12,856 Snowy 14, ,337 12,455 Muddy Slushy 3, ,600 Debris Other/Unknown 3, , , ,540 13,199 33, ,336 Most crashes (71.6%) and most fatal crashes (78.5%) occur on dry roads. 102 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

127 WEATHER CONDITION WEATHER CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Clear 159, ,914 8,476 19, ,496 Cloudy 63, ,007 2,826 8,007 51,634 Fog/Smoke 1, ,633 Rain 22, ,022 3,233 18,013 Snow/Blowing Snow 20, ,187 17,640 Severe Wind Sleet/Hail Other/Unknown 3, , , ,540 13,199 33, ,336 Most crashes occur in clear weather conditions. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 103

128 LIGHT CONDITION LIGHT CONDITION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Daylight 168, ,829 8,696 24, ,228 Dawn 9, ,328 Dusk 7, ,257 Dark Lighted 31, ,838 4,577 24,783 Dark Unlighted 53, ,044 3,730 47,112 Other/Unknown 2, ,628 s 273, ,540 13,199 33, ,336 The majority (61.4%) of all crashes happen during daylight hours. Darkened conditions create the greatest hazard, as they are overrepresented in fatal crashes. 104 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

129 INTERSECTION CRASHES BY TRAFFIC CONTROL TYPE TRAFFIC CONTROL TYPE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes Fatal A B C PDO Crashes Signal 40, ,301 7,371 29,825 Stop Sign 18, ,369 3,118 13,315 Yield Sign 1, ,373 None of These 20, ,183 2,997 15,808 Unknown , ,523 4,974 13,833 60,820 Intersections with stop signs are overrepresented in fatal crashes. Driver perception, awareness, and adherence to traffic control signing are all key factors in crashes at intersections. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 105

130 CONSTRUCTION ZONE CRASHES CONSTRUCTION ZONE TYPE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C Construction/Maintenance Subtotal Subtotal Indicates roadway construction, maintenance, or repair. The building, maintenance, or repair of the road itself and roadway-related features (e.g., overhead signs, signals). Activity - On Road Lane Closed 1, ,464 Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Activity - Off Road Lane Closed Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Activity - None Lane Closed Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Activity - Unknown Lane Closed Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Subtotal 3, ,007 Utility Indicates work on facilities other than the roadway such as telephone, electrical, cable television, water, or sewer. Activity - On Road Lane Closed Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Activity - Off Road Lane Closed Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Activity - None Lane Closed Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Activity - Unknown Lane Closed Lane Open Unknown Lane Closure Subtotal Unknown Type / Unknown Lane Closure / Activity None Subtotal 2, ,178 7, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

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133 VEHICLE TYPE CRASH INVOLVEMENT Vehicle Type MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN VEHICLE Motor Vehicles Fatal Crash Injury PDO Fatality in Veh Injury No Crash Crash Injury of Vehicles Passenger Car and Station Wagon 354, , , , ,733 Van and Motorhome 21, ,557 16, ,603 18,631 Pickup 51, ,224 42, ,737 46,722 Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) 7, ,622 6, ,943 Motorcycle 3, , , Moped Go Cart Snowmobile Off-Road Vehicle Other 1, , ,608 Unknown 7, , ,600 CDL Truck/Bus (breakdown below) 9, ,792 7, ,233 of Vehicles 459, , , , , ,514 Special Note: School bus is not recorded on the UD-10 and cannot be broken out of CDL Truck/Bus. CDL Truck/Bus Motor Vehicles Fatal Crash Injury PDO Fatality in Veh Injury No Sub-category Type Crash Crash Injury of Vehicles Commercial Vehicle: Group A 5, ,095 4, ,711 Commercial Vehicle: Group B 2, , ,066 Commercial Vehicle: Group C Other Truck Unknown Truck of Vehicles 9, ,792 7, ,233 Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 109

134 VEHICLE TYPES IN CRASHES BY CRASH SEVERITY The top chart shows that 75.5 percent of vehicles involved in fatal crashes are automobiles or pickups. Van/minivan/motorhome has a fatal crash involvement of 4.4 percent. Motorcycles have a fatal crash involvement of 9.8 percent. Special Note: "Other" consists of moped, go-cart, snowmobile, off-road vehicle, other, and unknown. As with fatal crashes, injury and property damage only (PDO) crashes are represented primarily by automobiles and pickups. 110 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

135 ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH DRIVER ACTION Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Going straight ahead 244, ,006 4,855 13,222 33, ,252 Turning left 30, ,299 5,211 22,638 Turning right 12, ,257 10,752 Stopped on roadway 50, ,967 9,404 38,219 In prior crash Changing lanes 12, ,005 10,713 Backing 10, ,871 Slowing/stopping on roadway 42, ,339 6,817 33,760 Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway 9, ,534 7,305 Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking 1, ,042 Entering roadway 5, ,247 Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing 2, ,146 Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) 3, ,369 Avoiding vehicle (angle) 1, ,035 Driverless moving Parked 16, ,107 Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing or lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown 9, , , ,352 7,389 22,115 63, ,861 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 111

136 ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH (continued) MOTORCYCLIST ACTION MOTORCYCLIST INJURY SEVERITY Motorcycles Motorcyclists Fatality Injury No of Motorcycles of Motorcyclists A B C Going straight ahead 2, , Turning left Turning right Stopped on roadway In prior crash Changing lanes Backing Slowing/stopping on roadway Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking Entering roadway Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) Avoiding vehicle (angle) Driverless moving Parked Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing or lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown , , , This table includes 91 motorcyclists (drivers and passengers) with unknown injury severity Injury 112 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

137 ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH (continued) BICYCLIST ACTION of Bicycles BICYCLIST - INJURY SEVERITY Bicycles Bicyclists Fatality Injury No of A B C Injury Bicyclists Going straight ahead 1, , Turning left Turning right Stopped on roadway In prior crash Changing lanes Backing Slowing/stopping on roadway Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking Entering roadway Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) Avoiding vehicle (angle) Driverless moving Parked Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing or lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown , , Includes 66 bicyclists with unknown injury severity Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 113

138 ACTION PRIOR TO CRASH (continued) PEDESTRIAN ACTION PEDESTRIAN - INJURY SEVERITY Pedestrians Fatality Injury No of Pedestrians A B C Injury Going straight ahead Turning left Turning right Stopped on roadway In prior crash Changing lanes Backing Slowing/stopping on roadway Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking Entering roadway Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) Avoiding vehicle (angle) Driverless moving Parked Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing or lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown , Includes 58 pedestrians with unknown injury severity 114 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

139 MOST HARMFUL EVENT NONCOLLISION Motor Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Loss of control 1, ,325 Cross center/median Ran off road left Ran off road right 1, Re-enter road Overturn 6, ,230 1,584 3,406 Separation of units Fire/explosion Immersion Jackknife Downhill runaway Cargo loss/shift Individual fell off Other noncollision 1, ,051 NONCOLLISION Subtotal 13, ,864 2,547 8,631 HAD A COLLISION WITH Motor Vehicles Fatal NONFIXED OBJECT Crash of Vehicles MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Pedestrian 2, Bicycle / Pedalcycle 1, Motor vehicle in transport 331, ,818 15,421 52, ,115 Parked motor vehicle 14, ,485 Railway train Animal 49, ,559 Other nonfixed objects 4, ,744 COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 403, ,489 17,232 55, ,473 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 115

140 MOST HARMFUL EVENT (continued) HAD A COLLISION WITH Motor Vehicles Fatal FIXED OBJECT Crash of Vehicles MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Bridge/pier/abutment Bridge parapet end Bridge rail Guardrail face 2, ,378 Guardrail end Median barrier 3, ,766 Highway traffic sign post 2, ,149 Highway signal post Luminaire/light support Utility pole 2, ,080 Other pole Culvert Curb 1, ,434 Ditch 6, ,693 Embankment 1, Fence Mailbox 1, ,519 Tree 8, ,435 5,983 Rail crossing signal Building Traffic island Fire hydrant Impact attenuator Other fixed object 2, ,859 COLLISION FIXED Subtotal 39, ,149 2,918 5,332 30,070 Motor Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Unknown Event 2, ,687 TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 459, ,352 7,389 22,115 63, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

141 VEHICLE DEFECTS IN CRASH INVOLVEMENT VEHICLE DEFECTS Motor Vehicles of Vehicles Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Brakes Lights/reflectors Steering Tires/wheels Windows Other None or Unknown 457, ,343 7,345 21,961 63, ,386 TOTAL 459, ,352 7,389 22,115 63, ,861 DRIVER HAZARDOUS ACTION HAZARDOUS ACTION All Drivers of Drivers Fatal Crash MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash None 237, ,178 9,853 30, ,140 Speed too fast 28, ,932 4,114 21,835 Speed too slow Failed to yield 39, ,885 6,950 28,514 Disregard traffic control 9, ,025 2,274 5,612 Drove wrong way Drove left of center 2, ,529 Improper passing 2, ,803 Improper lane use 9, ,473 Improper turn 4, ,540 Improper/no signal Improper backing 7, ,121 Unable to stop in assured clear distance 62, ,956 10,815 49,589 Reckless driving 2, ,370 Careless/negligent driving 12, ,322 1,954 8,224 Other 16, ,120 2,166 12,646 Unknown 23, ,219 20,365 TOTAL 459, ,352 7,389 22,115 63, ,861 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 117

142 MICHIGAN BICYCLE CRASHES In, there were 1,981 bicycles involved in motor vehicles crashes, with 20 bicyclists killed and 1,598 injured. More bicyclists within the years of age group died than any other age group, with six killed (30.0%). BICYCLE HELMET USE AND INJURY SEVERITY Fatality Injury No Injury HELMET USE A B C Worn Not Worn Unknown The National Center for Statistics and Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration cites a study by the Centers for Disease Control [12]: Bicycle helmets are 85 to 88 percent effective in mitigating head and brain injuries in all types of bicycle accidents, making the use of helmets the single most effective countermeasure available to reduce head injuries and fatalities resulting from bicycle crashes. 118 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

143 MICHIGAN PEDESTRIAN CRASHES In, there were 2,397 pedestrians involved in motor vehicles crashes, with 133 pedestrians killed and 1,962 injured. More pedestrians within the years of age group died than any other age group, with 26 killed (19.5%). Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 119

144 MICHIGAN SNOWMOBILE CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Most Harmful Event SNOWMOBILES MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH NONCOLLISION of Snowmobiles Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Loss of control Cross center/median Ran off road left Ran off road right Re-enter road Overturn Separation of units Fire/explosion Immersion Jackknife Downhill runaway Cargo loss/shift Individual fell off Other noncollision NONCOLLISION Subtotal SNOWMOBILES MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH NONFIXED OBJECT of Snowmobiles Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Pedestrian Bicycle / pedalcycle Motor vehicle in transport Parked motor vehicle Railway train Animal Other nonfixed objects COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

145 MICHIGAN SNOWMOBILE CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS (continued) Most Harmful Event (continued) SNOWMOBILES MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH FIXED OBJECT of Snowmobiles Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Bridge/pier/abutment Bridge parapet end Bridge rail Guardrail face Guardrail end Median barrier Highway traffic sign post Highway signal post Luminaire/light support Utility pole Other pole Culvert Curb Ditch Embankment Fence Mailbox Tree Rail crossing signal Building Traffic island Fire hydrant Impact attenuator Other fixed object COLLISION FIXED Subtotal Unknown Event TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT NOTE: These crashes involve a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway and result in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. A total of 120 snowmobiles were reported in crashes on Michigan public roadways during. Five of those snowmobiles were involved in five fatal crashes with four operators and one passenger killed. Alcohol was involved in one of the fatal crashes and drugs were involved in a separate fatal crash. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 121

146 MICHIGAN ORV/ATV CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Most Harmful Event ORV/ATV MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH NONCOLLISION of ORV/ATVs Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Loss of control Cross center/median Ran off road left Ran off road right Re-enter road Overturn Separation of units Fire/explosion Immersion Jackknife Downhill runaway Cargo loss/shift Individual fell off Other noncollision NONCOLLISION Subtotal ORV/ATV MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH NONFIXED OBJECT of ORV/ATVs Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Pedestrian Bicycle / pedalcycle Motor vehicle in transport Parked motor vehicle Railway train Animal Other nonfixed objects COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

147 MICHIGAN ORV/ATV CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS (continued) Most Harmful Event (continued) ORV/ATV MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH HAD A COLLISION WITH FIXED OBJECT of ORV/ATVs Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash Bridge/pier/abutment Bridge parapet end Bridge rail Guardrail face Guardrail end Median barrier Highway traffic sign post Highway signal post Luminaire/light support Utility pole Other pole Culvert Curb Ditch Embankment Fence Mailbox Tree Rail crossing signal Building Traffic island Fire hydrant Impact attenuator Other fixed object COLLISION FIXED Subtotal Unknown Event TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT NOTE: These crashes involve a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway and result in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. A total of 275 off-road/all-terrain vehicles were reported in crashes on Michigan public roadways during. Eight of those ORV/ATVs were involved in eight fatal crashes with all of their ORV/ATV operators killed. Alcohol was involved in three of the fatal crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 123

148 MICHIGAN SNOWMOBILE CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Driver Hazardous Action SNOWMOBILES of Snowmobiles MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C PDO Crash None Speed too fast Speed too slow Failed to yield Disregard traffic control Drove wrong way Drove left of center Improper passing Improper lane use Improper turn Improper/no signal Improper backing Unable to stop in assured clear distance Reckless driving Careless/negligent driving Other Unknown TOTAL MICHIGAN ORV/ATV CRASHES ON PUBLIC ROADWAYS Driver Hazardous Action ORV/ATV of ORV/ATVs MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Fatal Crash Injury Crash A B C None Speed too fast Speed too slow Failed to yield Disregard traffic control Drove wrong way Drove left of center Improper passing Improper lane use Improper turn Improper/no signal Improper backing Unable to stop in assured clear distance Reckless driving Careless/negligent driving Other Unknown TOTAL NOTE: These crashes involve a motor vehicle in transport on a public trafficway and result in injury, death, or at least $1,000 in property damage. PDO Crash 124 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

149 MICHIGAN FARM EQUIPMENT CRASHES A total of 181 crashes involving farm equipment were reported on Michigan roadways during. Of those crashes, three were fatal with no operator of the farm equipment killed. MICHIGAN VEHICLE-TRAIN CRASHES A total of 38 crashes involving trains were reported in Michigan during. Of those crashes, one were fatal with one person killed, a driver of a passenger car. MICHIGAN MOTORCYCLE CRASHES MOTORCYCLE DATA 2011 % Change Motorcycle Registrations 269, , Motorcycles in Crashes 3,175 3, Motorcyclist Deaths Motorcyclists Injured 2,556 2, Death Rate based on 10,000 motorcycle registrations Estimated Mileage based on 3,000 miles per motorcycle Death Rate based on deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled 809,139, ,342, Motorcycles were involved in 1.3 percent of all traffic crashes in Michigan in. Injuries were proportionately more severe to motorcyclists than to persons in motor vehicles. The death rate for motorcyclists was per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 125

150 DRIVER GENDER INFORMATION - ALL CRASHES Crash Severity Male Female A higher proportion of crashes involved male drivers than female drivers. When examining the severity of crashes involving drivers of each gender, fatal crashes are more prevalent among male drivers than female drivers (0.4% vs. 0.2%). 126 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

151 PERSON AGE - DEMOGRAPHICS AND CRASH INVOLVEMENTS Age Licensed Drivers Michigan Population Drivers in All Crashes Drivers in Fatal Crashes Occupants Killed Occupants Injured Bicyclists in All Crashes Bicyclists in Fatal Crashes Pedestrians in All Crashes Pedestrians in Fatal Crashes , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,640 awaiting 0 10, , data , , , , , , , Unknown , ,064,569 9,883, ,030 1, ,957 1, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 127

152 CRASH RATE PER LICENSED DRIVER BY AGE OF DRIVER IN ALL CRASHES Age Licensed Drivers Drivers in all crashes Rate , ,487 7, ,613 10, ,131 12, ,958 12, ,563 12, ,279 45, ,108 41, ,749 36, ,299 33, ,346 37, ,000 37, ,190 35, ,945 30, ,932 23, ,197 15, ,640 10, ,722 6, ,035 4, ,376 2, , , ,064, ,176 Note: Data entry errors resulted in an over-representation of age "100+" drivers. Excludes 39,854 drivers with unknown age Licensed drivers age 18 have the highest crash rate (total crashes in age group divided by total number of licensed drivers in age group). The lower crash rates of the older groups (per licensed driver) may reflect reduced driving and exposure to the risk of a crash. 128 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

153 DRIVER AGE AGE OF DRIVERS IN FATAL CRASHES % Fatal Percent 2011 % Change Crash Active Driving Involvement Population 15 years and under years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown ,267 1, Figures courtesy of the Michigan Department of State [13] Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 129

154 POSSIBLE CONDITIONS OF DRIVER DRIVER CONDITION MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Conditions Fatal Crash Injury Crash PDO Coded by Police Crash A B C Appeared Normal 378, ,456 17,955 54, ,522 Had Been Drinking 9, ,370 1,667 5,627 Illegal Drug Use Sick 1, Fatigue Asleep 1, Medication Driver Distracted 4, ,989 Using Cellular Phone Unknown 28, ,626 23,604 Drivers may have more than one condition including Appeared Normal. These are driver conditions that, in the opinion of the investigating officer, were involved in the crash. While some conditions may be evident, others (such as distraction) will only be known if the driver admits to the condition, thus leading to possible underreporting.. DRIVER INJURY SEVERITY BY RESTRAINT, ALCOHOL, AND DRUG USE Drivers Fatality Injury No Injury A B C Unknown All Drivers Restraint Used 400, ,810 9,977 32, , Restraint Not Used 7, ,047 4, Unknown 51, ,006 14,686 35, , ,678 11,449 34, ,853 35,865 Drinking Only Drivers Restraint Used 6, ,775 4 Restraint Not Used Unknown 1, , , ,032 1,163 6, Drugged Only Drivers Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Unknown , Drinking and Drugged Drivers Restraint Used Restraint Not Used Unknown NOTE: Restraint Used includes shoulder belt only, lap belt only, both lap and shoulder belts, restraint failed, and helmet worn. 130 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

155 RED-LIGHT-RUNNING CRASHES INTERSECTION CRASH TYPE MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Crashes Fatal Crash Injury Crash PDO Crash A B C Related to intersection 81, ,523 4,974 13,833 60,820 In intersection 37, ,024 7,388 25,871 With traffic control signal 18, ,546 3,928 12,395 With hazardous action 5, ,349 2,836 Related to intersection captures crashes that were related to or within 150 feet of an intersection. In intersection captures crashes within all types of intersections. With traffic control signal captures crashes within the intersection and with a traffic control signal present. With hazardous action captures crashes within the intersection, with a traffic control signal, and with a hazardous action cited as disregard of traffic control. Information pertaining to red-lightrunning in the following tables is derived from this subset of 5,031 crashes. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 131

156 RED-LIGHT-RUNNING MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH SPEED LIMIT MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C 5 miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour 1, miles per hour miles per hour 1, miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour miles per hour Unknown , ,349 2,836 Posted speed limit as entered by officer on the UD-10 form. CRASH TYPE MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C Single Vehicle Head on Head on left turn Angle 4, ,162 2,445 Rear end Rear end left turn Rear end right turn Sideswipe same direction Sideswipe opposite direction Other/ Unknown , ,349 2, Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

157 RED-LIGHT-RUNNING MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH (continued) MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes A B C School Bus Involved/Associated Drinking Involved Drug Use Involved Pedestrian Involved Bicyclist Involved Snowmobile Involved Motorcycle Involved Train Involved Truck/Bus Involved Emergency Vehicle Involved Driver Hazardous Citation 3, ,703 Crashes may involve more than one special circumstance. MOST SEVERE OUTCOME IN CRASH POSSIBLE CONDITIONS OF PERSONS IN CRASH Conditions Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes PDO Crashes Coded by Police A B C Appeared Normal 4, ,153 2,360 Had Been Drinking Illegal Drug Use Sick Fatigue Asleep Medication Driver Distracted Using Cellular Phone Unknown Drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and train engineers may have more than one condition, including Appeared Normal. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 133

158 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES These crashes involve a heavy truck/bus - defined as having a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Heavy truck/bus crashes differ from other vehicle crashes in a number of ways, many reflecting the size and use of these vehicles. When compared to the overall crash picture, heavy truck/bus crashes involve: More turning, backing, and changing lanes as the Truck/Bus Driver Action Prior More collisions with fixed object = bridge/pier/abutments, nonfixed object = parked motor vehicles, jackknife, cargo loss/shift, and other non-collisions as the Most Harmful Event Fewer collisions with fixed objects = ditches, trees, and nonfixed object = animals Fewer single-vehicle crashes but more sideswipes Fewer drivers indicated to be speeding, failing to yield, reckless driving, disregarding traffic control, and unable to stop in assured clear distance, but more drivers indicated to be making backing, lane use, and turning errors Fewer crashes outside of the shoulder/curb More crashes between the hours of 6:00 AM and 2:59 PM, and fewer crashes between 3:00 PM and 5:59 AM More weekday crashes, and a significant drop in weekend crashes 134 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

159 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES HEAVY TRUCK/BUS All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes DRIVER ACTION of PRIOR TO CRASH Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Going straight ahead 4, Turning left Turning right Stopped on roadway In prior crash Changing lanes Backing Slowing/stopping on roadway Slowing/stopping other Starting up on roadway Starting up other Entering parking Leaving parking Entering roadway Leaving roadway Making U-turn Overtaking or passing Avoiding object Avoiding animal Avoiding pedestrian Avoiding vehicle (front/back) Avoiding vehicle (angle) Driverless moving Parked Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Getting on/off vehicle In roadway with traffic In roadway against traffic Standing/lying in roadway Pushing/working on vehicle Other working in roadway Playing in roadway In roadway other reason Not in roadway Other Unknown , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 135

160 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A NONCOLLISION All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Loss of control Cross center/median Ran off road left Ran off road right Re-enter road Overturn Separation of units Fire/explosion Immersion Jackknife Downhill runaway Cargo loss/shift Individual fell off Other noncollision NONCOLLISION Subtotal MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A NONFIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Pedestrian Bicyclist Motor vehicle in transport 7, , Parked motor vehicle Railway train Animal Other nonfixed objects COLLISION NONFIXED Subtotal 8, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

161 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) MOST HARMFUL EVENT IN A COLLISION WITH A FIXED OBJECT All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Bridge/pier/abutment Bridge parapet end Bridge rail Guardrail face Guardrail end Median barrier Highway traffic sign post Highway signal post Luminaire/light support Utility pole Other pole Culvert Curb Ditch Embankment Fence Mailbox Tree Rail crossing signal Building Traffic island Fire hydrant Impact attenuator Other fixed object COLLISION FIXED Subtotal All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Unknown Event TOTAL MOST HARMFUL EVENT 9, , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 137

162 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes CRASH TYPE of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Single Vehicle 1, Head On Head On - Left Turn Angle 1, Rear End 2, Rear End - Left Turn Rear End - Right Turn Sideswipe - Same Direction 2, Sideswipe - Opposite Direct Other/Unknown 1, , , HAZARDOUS ACTION OF HEAVY TRUCK/BUS Truck/Bus Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Hazardous Citation Issued of Heavy Trucks Issued None 5, , Speed too fast Speed too slow Failed to yield Disregard traffic control Drove wrong way Drove left of center Improper passing Improper lane use Improper turn Improper/no signal Improper backing Unable to stop in assured clear distance Reckless driving Careless/negligent driving Other Unknown , , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

163 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) RELATIONSHIP TO ROADWAY (LOCATION OF FIRST IMPACT IN CRASH) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury On Road 8, , Median Shoulder Outside of Shoulder/Curb Gore Other/Unknown , , TIME OF DAY IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Midnight - 02:59 AM :00 AM - 05:59 AM :00 AM - 08:59 AM 1, :00 AM - 11:59 AM 2, Noon - 02:59 PM 2, :00 PM - 05:59 PM 1, :00 PM - 08:59 PM :00 PM - 11:59 PM Unknown , , ROADWAY TYPE IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Interstate Routes 2, U.S. & Michigan Roads 2, County & City Roads 4, , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 139

164 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) DAY OF WEEK IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Monday 1, Tuesday 1, Wednesday 1, Thursday 1, Friday 1, Saturday Sunday , , DRIVER GENDER IN CRASH All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Male 8, , Female 1, Unknown , , NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS in Heavy Truck/Bus All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury 1 occupant 7, , occupants occupants occupants occupants occupants occupants Unknown , , Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

165 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes VEHICLE TYPES Involved in Crash with Heavy Truck/Bus of Vehicles Subtotal of Vehicles Fatal of Vehicles Injury Passenger Car and Station Wagon 6, , Van and Motorhome Pickup Small Truck (under 10,000 lbs.) Motorcycle Moped Go Cart Snowmobile Off Road Vehicle Other Unknown Subtotal 8, , HEAVY TRUCK/BUS VEHICLE TYPES All Crashes Fatal Crashes Injury Crashes of Heavy Trucks Subtotal of Heavy Trucks Fatal of Heavy Trucks Injury Commercial Vehicle: Group A 5, , Commercial Vehicle: Group B 2, Commercial Vehicle: Group C Other Truck Unknown Truck Subtotal 9, , Vehicle Types in Heavy Truck/Bus Crashes 18, ,625 Group A is any vehicle that is towing a vehicle or trailer that has a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 10,000 lbs. Group B is any single vehicle (including buses) with a GVWR of 26,001 lbs. or more. This would include a combination of vehicles with a combined GVWR over 26,000 lbs. when towing a trailer that has a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less. Group C is any single vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 lbs. or a combination of vehicles having a combined GVWR under 26,001 lbs. when the vehicle is required to display placards for hazardous material or designed to carry 16 passengers (including driver). Group C is also any vehicle carrying 15 or less people (including driver) transporting children to or from school and home on a regular basis for compensation. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 141

166 HEAVY TRUCK/BUS INVOLVED CRASHES (continued) Heavy Truck/Bus Involved Crash Passenger Vehicle Only Involved Crash Hazardous Citation Issued Single Vehicle Crash Multi-Vehicle Crash Single Vehicle Crash Multi-Vehicle Crash of Trucks/Buses citation of Trucks/Buses citation of Passenger Vehicles citation of Passenger Vehicles citation of Passenger Vehicles None Speed too fast , , Speed too slow Failed to yield , Disregard traffic control , Drove wrong way Drove left of center Improper passing Improper lane use , Improper turn , Improper/no signal Improper backing , Unable to stop in assured clear distance , Reckless driving Careless/Negligent driving , , Other , , Unknown Cited Vehicles , , , , Percent of Vehicles Vehicles with No Citation Issued 1, , , , , Vehicles Involved 1, , , , , citation 142 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

167 Occupant/ Person

168

169 AGE AND GENDER OF OCCUPANTS KILLED OR INJURED IN MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES The majority (70.2%) of occupants killed in traffic crashes in were male. The majority (54.7%) of occupants injured in traffic crashes in were female. Note: An occupant is any injured or killed person in or on a motor vehicle, including all drivers. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 145

170 REPORTED OCCUPANT RESTRAINT USAGE FOR ALL DRIVERS AND INJURED PASSENGERS Injury Severity Of the 471,830 drivers and injured passengers involved in crashes, 411,403 (87.2%) were REPORTED to be using occupant restraints. Occupants in crashes were 30 times more likely to be killed if they were not wearing their restraints. 146 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

171 MOTOR VEHICLE OCCUPANTS & INJURY SEVERITY BY SEATING POSITION AND KNOWN BELT USAGE Belts Used Injury Fatal Seating Position A B C No Injury Left Front 395, ,346 8,998 31, ,282 Center Front Right Front 10, ,019 6, Left Rear Center Rear Right Rear 1, Left Rear Third Seat Center Rear Third Seat Right Rear Third Seat Unknown , ,225 11,816 41, ,203 A lap belt, shoulder belt or a combination of lap and shoulder belts used. Children who were coded as using or not using a child restraint device appear in separate tables on the next two pages. This total does not include 364 occupants with unknown injury severity. Belts Not Used Injury Fatal Seating Position A B C No Injury Left Front 5, ,466 Center Front Right Front Left Rear Center Rear Right Rear Left Rear Third Seat Center Rear Third Seat Right Rear Third Seat Unknown , ,080 1,586 3,966 No belts available or no belts used. Children who were coded as using or not using a child restraint device appear in separate tables on the next two pages. This total does not include 91 occupants with unknown injury severity. Michigan law requires that all persons must wear a seat belt when riding in the front seat of a motor vehicle. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 147

172 REPORTED RESTRAINT USE - CHILDREN On July 1, 2008, Michigan law was amended ( To: Any child under four years of age must be in an approved Child Safety Seat (CSS)/Child Restraint Device (CRD), and riding in the rear seat. and All children less than 8 years of age AND who are less than 4 9 in height, must be properly restrained in a child restraint system. and All children ages 8 through 15 must wear a properly adjusted and fastened seat belt when riding in either the front or back seat of a vehicle. Children Age 0 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used No Belts Used Child Restraint Used Child Restraint Not Used Restraint Failed Unknown Children Age 1 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used No Belts Used Child Restraint Used Child Restraint Not Used Restraint Failed Unknown Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

173 REPORTED RESTRAINT USE CHILDREN (continued) Children Age 2 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used No Belts Used Child Restraint Used Child Restraint Not Used Restraint Failed Unknown Children Age 3 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used No Belts Used Child Restraint Used Child Restraint Not Used Restraint Failed Unknown Children Age 4-7 Fatal Injury Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used No Belts Used Child Restraint Used Child Restraint Not Used Restraint Failed Unknown Children Age 8-15 Injury Fatal Restraint Usage % A B C Belts Used 2, ,526 No Belts Used Child Restraint Used Child Restraint Not Used Restraint Failed Unknown , ,789 Note 1: Safety equipment usage is often self-reported and may not reflect actual usage. Note 2: Information about uninjured passengers does not have to be reported by the officer on the crash report, thus these tables relate the experience of only those children with injuries in crashes Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 149

174 Motor Vehicle Occupant Airbag Deployment MOTOR VEHICLE OCCUPANT INJURY SEVERITY BY KNOWN AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT OCCUPANT INJURY SEVERITY Occupants Fatal Injury % A B C No Injury Deployed 46, ,108 6,037 12,410 24,857 Not deployed 370, ,546 5,747 26, ,051 Not equipped 40, ,458 3,532 6,674 13,534 Unknown 19, , , ,156 15,458 46, ,853 Includes 35,907 occupants (drivers and passengers) with unknown injury severity. 150 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide

175 AGE AND GENDER OF MOTORCYCLISTS KILLED OR INJURED IN MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES 88.4 percent of the motorcyclists killed in traffic crashes in were male. In comparison, 70.1 percent of all persons killed in crashes were male. Most motorcyclists killed were in the year age group percent of the motorcyclists injured in traffic crashes in were male. In comparison, 46.2 percent of all persons injured in crashes were male. Most motorcyclists injured were in the year age group. Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide 151

176 MOTORCYCLE HELMET USE AND INJURY SEVERITY Helmet Worn Injury No Fatality Age of Motorcyclist A B C Injury 3 years and under years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown Subtotal Helmet Worn Drivers killed 62 Passengers killed 5 Helmet Not Worn Injury No Fatality Age of Motorcyclist A B C Injury 3 years and under years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown Subtotal Helmet Not Worn Drivers killed 48 Passengers killed 7 Helmet Use Unknown Injury Fatality Age of Motorcyclist A B C No Injury 3 years and under years years years years years years years years years years and over Unknown Subtotal Helmet Use Unknown Drivers killed 6 Passengers killed , Michigan motor vehicle crash data represents the last full year of data that was collected during Michigan s universal helmet law, enacted in 1969: Michigan Vehicle Code Public Act 300 of 1949, Section , requiring all motorcycle riders to wear a helmet. On April 13,, Michigan changed their helmet law from a universal to a partial helmet law. The partial law allows some certified Michigan riders, who are over 21 and carry additional insurance, to ride without a helmet. 152 Michigan Traffic Crash Facts - Statewide