Motor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 2013 Yearly report 2014

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1 Mor Vehicle Crashes in New Zealand 2013 Yearly report 2014 Statistical statement calendar year 2013 Ensuring our transport system helps New Zealand thrive ISSN:

2 CONTENTS Reported injury crashes National health statistics for road users 105 Breath and blood alcohol statistics 115 Blood alcohol levels for fatally injured drivers 127 International comparisons for road deaths 139 Road user behaviour surveys 155 Driver licence and vehicle fleet statistics 163 New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy serious injury outcome indicars 167 Legislation 173

3 2 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 Disclaimer All reasonable endeavours are made ensure the accuracy of the information in this report. However, the information is provided without warranties of any kind including accuracy, completeness, timeliness or fitness for any particular purpose. The Ministry of Transport excludes liability for any loss, damage or expense, direct or indirect, and however caused, whether through negligence or otherwise, resulting from any person or organisation's use of, or reliance on, the information provided in this report. Under the terms of the New Zealand Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (BY) licence, this document, and the information contained within it, can be copied, distributed, adapted and otherwise used provided that the Ministry of Transport is attributed as the source of the material the material is not misrepresented or disrted through selective use of the material images contained in the material are not copied The terms of the Ministry s Copyright and disclaimer apply.

4 REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 2013

5 4 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

6 5 CONTENTS: TABLES SECTION 1: HISTORICAL Table 1 Casualty rates hisrical 14 Table 2 Crash rates hisrical 17 Table 2A Crash severity 18 Table 2B Crashes and casualties on open roads and urban roads 18 Table 3 Type of road user killed and injured 19 Table 4 Crashes in holiday periods hisrical 21 SECTION 2: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 5 Age and sex of road users killed and injured 24 Table 6 Age and types of road user killed and injured 24 Table 7 Type of road user killed and injured 28 Table 8 Type of road users killed and injured in each speed limit area during daylight and darkness 29 Table 9 Movement classification of crashes and number of casualties 30 Table 10 Casualties and crashes each month 31 Table 11 Crashes classified by type of movement 33 Table 12 Movement classification of crashes involving cars, SUVs, vans and taxis 34 Table 13 Movement classification of crashes involving buses and trucks 35 Table 14 Movement classification of crashes involving morcycles 36 Table 15 Movement classification of crashes involving pedal cycles 37 Table 16 Movement classification of injury crashes on open and urban roads 38 Table 17 Movement classification of fatal crashes on open and urban roads 38 Table 18 Injury crashes by time of day and day of week 39 Table 19 Fatal crashes by time of day and day of week 40 Table 20 Light and weather conditions prevailing when injury crashes occurred 41 Table 21 Light and weather conditions prevailing when fatal crashes occurred 41 Table 22 Objects collided with in injury crashes on open and urban roads 42 Table 23 Objects collided with in fatal crashes on open and urban roads 43 Table 24 Injury crashes by road feature on open and urban roads 44 Table 25 Fatal crashes by road feature on open and urban roads 45 Table 26 Facrs contributing crashes 47 Table 26A Crashes and casualties where driver alcohol/drugs was a contributing facr 61 Table 26B Crashes and casualties where travelling o fast for conditions was a contributing facr 62

7 6 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 SECTION 3: TRUCK CASUALTIES Table 27 Truck crashes and casualties hisrical 64 Table 28 Movement classification of injury crashes involving trucks on open and urban roads 65 Table 29 Movement classification of fatal crashes involving trucks on open and urban roads 65 Table 30 Crashes involving trucks by time of day and day of week 66 SECTION 4: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 31 Morcycle rider and pillion casualties hisrical 68 Table 32 Morcyclist crash and casualty rates hisrical 69 Table 33 Movement classification of injury crashes involving morcyclists on open and urban roads 71 Table 34 Movement classification of fatal crashes involving morcyclists on open and urban roads 71 Table 35 Crashes involving morcyclists by time of day and day of week 72 SECTION 5: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 36 Pedal cyclist casualties and population statistics hisrical 74 Table 37 Pedal cyclist casualties and population statistics by age group 75 Table 38 Movement classification of injury crashes involving pedal cyclists on open and urban roads 76 Table 39 Movement classification of fatal crashes involving pedal cyclists on open and urban roads 76 Table 40 Crashes involving pedal cyclists by time of day and day of week 77 SECTION 6: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 41 Pedestrian casualties and population statistics hisrical 80 Table 42 Pedestrian casualties and population statistics by age group 81 Table 43 Injury crashes involving pedestrians by road feature on open and urban roads 82 Table 44 Fatal crashes involving pedestrians by road feature on open and urban roads 83 Table 45 Crashes involving pedestrians by time of day and day of week 84 SECTION 7: LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Table 46 Crashes and casualties by population centre 86 Table 47 Pedestrian, morcycle and pedal cycle crashes by population centre 88 Table 48 Local body crashes and casualties 90

8 7 SECTION 8: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES Table 49 Drivers involved in fatal crashes by age and vehicle type 96 Table 50 Drivers involved in injury crashes by age and vehicle type 96 Table 51 Car and van drivers involved in fatal crashes by age group 97 Table 52 Car and van drivers involved in injury crashes by age group 97 Table 53 Car and van drivers involved in fatal crashes by age group and sex 100 Table 54 Car and van drivers involved in injury crashes by age group and sex 100 Table 55 Percentage of crash involved drivers with alcohol/drugs recorded as a facr 102 Table 56 Percentage of crash involved drivers with o fast for conditions recorded as a facr 102 Table 57 Percentage of crash involved drivers with failed give way or sp recorded as a facr 102 SECTION 9: ETHNICITY Table 58 Drivers involved in crashes by ethnic group and crash severity 104 Table 59 Casualties from crashes by ethnic group and crash severity 104

9 8 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 CONTENTS: FIGURES SECTION 1: HISTORICAL Figure 1 Road deaths 15 Figure 2 Deaths per vehicle and per capita 15 Figure 3 Reported injuries 16 Figure 4 Injuries per vehicle and per capita 16 Figure 5 Proportion of deaths by road user type 20 Figure 6 Proportion of injuries by road user type 20 SECTION 2: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 7 Percentage of road deaths by age and sex 25 Figure 8 Percentage of road injuries by age and sex 25 Figure 9 Percentage of road deaths by age and road user type 26 Figure 10 Percentage of road injuries by age and road user type 27 Figure 11 Type of road user killed and injured 28 Figure 12 Movement classification of crashes 30 Figure 13 Percentage of road injuries by month and type of road user 31 Figure 14 Crash movement classification diagram 32 Figure 15 Injury crashes by time of day and day of week 39 Figure 16 Fatal crashes by time of day and day of week 40 Figure 17 Facrs contributing crashes 46 SECTION 3: TRUCK CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 18 Casualties from truck crashes as a percentage of all road crash casualties 64 SECTION 4: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 19 Morcyclists as a percentage of all road crash casualties 70 Figure 20 Percentage of all morcycle casualties by age and sex 70 Figure 21 Morcycle casualties by time of day and day of week 72 SECTION 5: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 22 Pedal cyclists as a percentage of all road crash casualties 74 Figure 23 Percentage of pedal cyclist casualties by age and gender 75 Figure 24 Pedal cyclist casualties by time of day and day of week 77

10 9 SECTION 6: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure 25 Pedestrians as a percentage of all road crash casualties 80 Figure 26 Percentage of pedestrian casualties by age and sex 81 Figure 27 Percentage of pedestrian casualties by time of day and day of week 84 SECTION 7: LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES Figure tal casualties 92 Figure casualties per 10,000 population 93 SECTION 8: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES Figure 30 Percentage of crash involved car drivers by age and sex for fatal crashes 98 Figure 31 Percentage of crash involved car drivers by age and sex for injury crashes 98 Figure 32 Percentage of crash involved car drivers in selected age groups fatal crashes 99 Figure 33 Percentage of crash involved car drivers in selected age groups injury crashes 99 Figure 34 Male drivers as a percentage of all crash involved car drivers all ages 101 Figure 35 Male drivers as a percentage of all crash involved car drivers young drivers years 101

11 10 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 INTRODUCTION AND NOTES INTRODUCTION This statistical statement contains tabulations of information coded from Traffic Crash Reports. To put these data in context, the following is a brief description of the process which has resulted in this publication. When a road traffic crash involves a mor vehicle and results in someone being injured, the law requires that crash be reported. However, comprehensive hospital-based surveys indicate that only about two thirds of such injury crashes are reported the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA). There may also be a reporting bias by type of road user and by day of week and by hour of day and by region. When an injury crash is reported it is attended usually by a police officer. The reporting officer s primary duties are prevent further injury and help those injured. The next duty is a legal one, ascertain whether anyone involved in the crash has committed an offence. After dealing with other duties, this officer completes a Traffic Crash Report (TCR). The TCR is examined and coded by traffic engineers and by NZTA administrative staff. This coded information is then entered in the Crash Analysis System (CAS). After editing and checking, the statistical statement is published. NOTES 1. Under section 22(3) of the Land Transport Act 1998 a driver involved in an accident resulting in death or injury any person... must report the accident in person... as soon as reasonably practicable, and in any case not later than 24 hours after the time of the accident. 2. During the years a system of crash reporting was used where a preliminary report, containing partial details of each crash, was sent the Ministry of Transport within 24 hours of the crash or of it being reported. After investigations were completed a final report was supplied. By the time of printing, preliminary reports only had been received for a number of crashes. Details of those crashes were incomplete and appeared as unknown in the tables. From 1980 the system returned one report only and as a consequence the number of unknowns has reduced. The following notes give brief explanations of terms used in the tables. 3. Mor vehicle crash: Any crash that occurs on a public road that is attributable directly or indirectly a mor vehicle or its load. Crashes which do not occur on public roads are excluded, for example tracr crashes on farms. The data in this statistical statement includes only crashes that involve a mor vehicle. A crash between a cyclist and a pedestrian, for example, would not be included. 4. Fatal injuries: Up and including 1974, comprised injuries that resulted in death within 28 days of the crash. From, and including, 1975 they comprise injuries that result in death within 30 days of the crash. This is consistent with the international definition. Exclusions: There are a number of cases where road deaths or mor vehicle deaths are not included in the official road ll. They include: > deaths that do not occur on a public road or a road which the public has access (eg race track or farm paddock) > deaths that did not result from injuries sustained in the crash (eg when the coroner determines that a driver died from a heart attack) > suicide or murder > deaths on the road where a mor vehicle was not involved (eg cyclist only crash) These definitions are in line with the most common international definitions. Although these deaths are excluded from the official road ll, a record is kept of the crash details. 5. Serious injuries: Fractures, concussion, internal injuries, crushings, severe cuts and lacerations, severe general shock necessitating medical treatment, and any other injury involving removal and detention in hospital. 6. Minor injuries: Injuries of a minor nature such as sprains and bruises. 7. Crash, casualty, vehicles involved: These terms often cause some confusion. The following example may help clarify their use. If two mor vehicles collide, one mor vehicle crash has taken place. If four people in one of the vehicles were injured and two in the other, then this one crash resulted in six casualties. The number of vehicles involved was two.

12 REPORTED INJURY CRASHES Non-injury crashes: Statistics concerning crashes involving property damage only are not included in this report. The one exception is the tal number of such crashes which is recorded in Section 1, Table 2a. 9. Movement classification of crashes: This is based on the manner in which the vehicles were moving immediately prior the crash. Bicycles are treated as vehicles for this purpose. These movements are divided firstly in broad classes. These classes are used in the tables in this publication. They are then further divided in a series of sub-classes. A diagrammatic representation of the classes and sub-classes is given in Figure Facrs contributing crashes: Table 26 lists the facrs identified as contributing crashes (ie causes of crashes). On each crash report there may be several facrs coded against each vehicle involved in the crash for driver or vehicle faults. In addition, there may be a number of facrs coded on each report for faults of other road users, such as weather or other conditions. A crash report which has more than one cause facr coded will appear more than once in this table. Alcohol facrs: The method of coding alcohol facrs has been changed in order get a more accurate recording of this facr in crashes. Because of this, the number of alcohol facrs shown from 1975 onwards will not be comparable with those of previous years. 11. Open road and urban areas: In all tables where the terms urban and open road are used: > Urban refers all speed limit areas of 70 km/h and under and limited speed zones > Open road refers all speed limit areas of over 70 km/h 12. Rounding: Where percentages are given, these are rounded. This may result in the individual percentages not adding exactly Morcycle/moped: In this document all mopeds and morcycles have been included under the one heading of Morcycles. For the purposes of registration and licensing, a moped has a power output of 2 kw or under and a maximum design speed of 50 km/h or under. 14. Holiday periods: (a) The Christmas New Year holiday period is that which begins in December of the year stated. The length of the official holiday period varies depending on where the statury holidays fall in relation the weekend. When Christmas Eve and New Year s Eve fall on a week day the holiday starts at 4.00pm on 24 December. If the holiday begins on a Monday or a Tuesday then it ends at 6.00am on 3 January (9.6 days). If the holiday begins from Wednesday Friday then it ends at 6.00am on 5 January (11.6 days). When Christmas Eve and New Year s Eve fall on a Saturday the holiday starts at 4.00pm on Friday 23 December and ends at 6.00am on Wednesday 4 January (11.6 days). When Christmas Eve and New Year s Eve fall on a Sunday the holiday starts at 4.00pm on Friday 22 December and ends at 6.00am on Wednesday 3 January (11.6 days). (b) The Easter holiday covers the period from 4.00pm on the Thursday 6.00am on the Tuesday. (c) Queen s Birthday and Labour Weekends cover the periods from 4.00pm on the Friday 6.00am on the Tuesday. 15. Statistics recorded and sred from the Traffic Crash Report: (a) Location of crash Local body name, crash road, nearest side road or landmark and the distance and direction of the crash from that side road or landmark, State highway reference. (b) Type and time Severity of crash (fatal or injury), date, time and day of week, type of collision, vehicle types involved. (c) Vehicle details (for each vehicle involved) Registration number, type (car, truck etc) make and model, year, engine capacity (cm 3 ), warrant/certificate of fitness, parked or reversing, damage (minor, extensive etc), number of passengers and type of w. (d) Driver details (for each driver involved whether injured or not) Whether driver owned vehicle, surname, date of birth, sex, occupation, licence number, licence status (current, disqualified etc), driver injury (killed, serious, minor, none), alcohol suspected, facrs (causes) assigned driver and/or vehicle.

13 12 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND Change in vehicle licensing system: In 1986 the system for licensing vehicles in New Zealand changed. For this reason there are no currently collected statistics that are directly comparable those collected prior this date. From the number of vehicles used in Table 1 and Table 2 was derived from a model based on hisrical data and the number of new vehicle registrations each year. From 1998, the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing, vehicle numbers include registered cars, vans, trucks, buses, mor caravans, morcycles and mopeds, but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. See page 163 for a breakdown of the fleet at June 30 for the current year.

14 SECTION 1: HISTORICAL

15 14 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: CASUALTY RATES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year Population (000) Vehicles* (000) Number of Injuries INJURIES Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles Number of Fatalities FATALITIES Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles NOTES: Population: From 1997 the population is the estimated resident population at 30 June - SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group. * Vehicles: See Note 16 for details. From 1998 (the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing) vehicle numbers include registered cars, vans, trucks, buses, mor caravans, morcycles and mopeds but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. From vehicle numbers are estimates. Prior 1986 vehicle numbers were derived from annual licence transactions.

16 HISTORICAL 15 FIGURE 1: ROAD DEATHS Deaths Year FIGURE 2: DEATHS PER VEHICLE AND PER CAPITA 30 7 Deaths / 100,000 population Per vehicle Per capita Deaths / 10,000 vehicles Year 0

17 16 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 3: REPORTED INJURIES Injuries Year FIGURE 4: INJURIES PER VEHICLE AND PER CAPITA 200 Injuries / 100,000 population Per vehicle Per capita Injuries / 10,000 vehicles Year 0

18 HISTORICAL 17 TABLE 2: CRASH RATES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year Population (000) INJURY Vehicles* (000) Injury crashes Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles FATAL Fatal crashes Per 100,000 Population Per 10,000 Vehicles NOTES: Population: From 1997 the population is the estimated resident population at 30 June - SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group. * Vehicles: See Note 16 for details. From 1998 (the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing) vehicle numbers include registered cars, vans, trucks, buses, mor caravans, morcycles and mopeds but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. From vehicle numbers are estimates. Prior 1986 vehicle numbers were derived from annual licence transactions.

19 18 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2A: CRASH SEVERITY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER NUMBER OF CRASHES NUMBER OF CASUALTIES Year Fatal Serious Minor Non-injury Fatal Serious Minor NOTE: Non-injury crash data began nationally in TABLE 2B: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES ON OPEN ROADS AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER OPEN ROADS URBAN ROADS Year Fatal crashes Injury Deaths Injuries Fatal crashes Injury Deaths Injuries crashes crashes NOTES: For urban/open road classification see Note 11. Hisrical data in these tables may not agree exactly with other tables as the data files have been updated prior the data extraction for these new tables.

20 HISTORICAL 19 TABLE 3: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year Drivers of mor vehicles Passengers in mor vehicles Morcyclist and pillion passengers Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users Unknown (1) Total casualties (60) 2399 (79) 1117 (47) 1033 (32) 918 (70) 88 (4) - (-) 6942 (292) (49) 2482 (62) 1338 (66) 1077 (31) 902 (64) 54 (-) - (-) 7443 (272) (58) 2686 (72) 1293 (72) 1002 (26) 1012 (83) 52 (2) - (-) 7688 (313) (72) 2700 (90) 1312 (73) 1055 (37) 1019 (87) 51 (1) - (-) 7876 (360) (78) 3161 (67) 1295 (80) 1202 (26) 1114 (81) 61 (1) - (-) 8977 (333) (87) 3605 (99) 1269 (37) 1176 (19) 1173 (86) 63 (1) - (-) 9759 (329) (92) 4098 (103) 1397 (48) 1304 (41) 1243 (98) 49 (2) - (-) (384) (101) 4148 (104) 1629 (46) 1329 (38) 1272 (89) 39 (1) - (-) (379) (93) 4307 (99) 1673 (37) 1291 (27) 1313 (93) 43 (-) - (-) (349) (92) 4685 (123) 1625 (36) 1281 (30) 1347 (92) 28 (1) - (-) (374) (103) 4757 (113) 1629 (43) 1354 (32) 1341 (101) 37 (1) - (-) (393) (124) 5087 (108) 1749 (46) 1401 (31) 1447 (88) 55 (1) - (-) (398) (115) 5409 (110) 1711 (44) 1320 (27) 1517 (95) 46 (3) - (-) (394) (148) 6204 (116) 2016 (40) 1315 (26) 1524 (97) 44 (1) - (-) (428) (181) 6540 (170) 2061 (48) 1289 (33) 1587 (123) 50 (4) - (-) (559) (196) 7120 (162) 2072 (42) 1205 (29) 1609 (114) 50 (6) - (-) (549) (198) 6812 (188) 1918 (46) 1132 (25) 1566 (109) 41 (4) - (-) (570) (174) 6828 (179) 1807 (28) 1083 (24) 1658 (116) 41 (1) - (-) (522) (204) 7474 (179) 1909 (36) 1039 (33) 1696 (118) 42 (-) - (-) (570) (269) 8122 (211) 2077 (43) 1041 (28) 1786 (101) 67 (3) - (-) (655) (253) 8148 (227) 2911 (52) 1083 (29) 1861 (113) 49 (3) - (-) (677) (260) 8147 (225) 3766 (79) 1029 (22) 1994 (125) 57 (2) - (-) (713) (273) 8236 (250) 4224 (130) 1018 (30) 2180 (157) 48 (3) - (-) (843) (225) 6896 (190) 4092 (107) 969 (26) 2024 (125) 32 (3) - (-) (676) (230) 6000 (170) 3625 (96) 745 (18) 1747 (112) 38 (2) 1420 (-) (628) (221) 5746 (180) 3330 (92) 736 (14) 1476 (102) 29 (-) 782 (-) (609) (252) 5526 (207) 3016 (98) 631 (21) 1448 (124) 21 (-) 946 (-) (702) (228) 4831 (176) 2713 (104) 588 (30) 1224 (116) 7 (-) 825 (-) (654) (200) 4071 (140) 2810 (90) 623 (15) 1157 (106) 14 (3) 766 (-) (554) (223) 5054 (163) 3222 (91) 741 (22) 1249 (98) 12 (1) 2 (1) (599) (223) 4692 (205) 3377 (116) 756 (21) 1123 (104) 20 (-) 2 (-) (669) (264) 4934 (177) 3568 (113) 886 (30) 1128 (89) 10 (-) - (-) (673) (218) 4851 (196) 3451 (108) 912 (19) 1147 (102) 9 (1) - (-) (644) (217) 4778 (176) 3746 (125) 957 (31) 1343 (119) 12 (1) 1 (-) (669) (284) 5240 (185) 3940 (132) 1120 (21) 1229 (125) 10 (-) 15 (-) (747) (287) 5382 (218) 3593 (127) 1012 (22) 1268 (112) 17 (-) 1 (-) (766) (307) 5196 (216) 3389 (144) 1058 (18) 1261 (110) 10 (-) - (-) (795) (270) 4862 (206) 2862 (146) 1097 (20) 1122 (83) 15 (2) 7 (-) (727) (289) 4722 (224) 2467 (139) 1054 (20) 1044 (81) 12 (1) - (-) (754) (278) 5054 (205) 2203 (114) 1053 (27) 1161 (104) 12 (1) - (-) (729) (278) 4858 (183) 2061 (78) 1000 (22) 1015 (88) 5 (1) - (-) (650) (286) 4564 (179) 1816 (88) 941 (17) 1007 (76) 5 (-) - (-) (646) (259) 4159 (167) 1561 (80) 910 (17) 949 (74) 14 (3) - (-) (600) (272) 4606 (166) 1721 (72) 882 (15) 1063 (54) 4 (1) - (-) (580) (249) 4637 (168) 1539 (78) 813 (15) 1053 (71) 10 (1) - (-) (582) (238) 4184 (151) 1223 (48) 754 (13) 969 (63) 13 (1) - (-) (514) (252) 3747 (165) 1142 (56) 724 (12) 925 (54) 12 (-) - (-) (539) (221) 3471 (139) 969 (54) 626 (16) 930 (71) 13 (-) - (-) (501) (255) 3367 (141) 791 (42) 619 (8) 895 (63) 16 (-) - (-) (509) (244) 3068 (132) 697 (31) 559 (19) 953 (35) 18 (1) - (-) (462) (233) 3336 (125) 669 (35) 696 (10) 986 (52) 26 (-) - (-) (455) (220) 3641 (96) 744 (30) 771 (14) 1065 (45) 35 (-) - (-) (405) (235) 3601 (133) 761 (28) 722 (6) 1058 (58) 26 (1) - (-) (461) (222) 3384 (133) 721 (34) 716 (7) 999 (38) 27 (1) - (-) (435) (203) 3521 (123) 903 (36) 751 (12) 943 (31) 25 (-) - (-) (405) (191) 3713 (108) 1017 (38) 833 (9) 960 (44) 39 (3) - (-) (393) (202) 3758 (119) 1336 (41) 880 (12) 868 (45) 40 (2) - (-) (421) (163) 3365 (104) 1396 (51) 895 (10) 939 (31) 43 (7) - (-) (366) (192) 3370 (103) 1369 (48) 825 (8) 914 (31) 46 (2) - (-) (384) (180) 3022 (98) 1300 (50) 844 (10) 967 (35) 50 (2) - (-) (375) (150) 2685 (61) 1178 (33) 783 (9) 884 (31) 48 (-) - (-) (284) (135) 2422 (82) 1138 (50) 798 (8) 917 (33) 48 (-) - (-) (308) (126) 2307 (49) 1188 (39) 817 (8) 839 (30) 61 (2) - (-) (254) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent tals. (1) See Note 2.

21 20 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 5: PROPORTION OF DEATHS BY ROAD USER TYPE 1 Proportion of all deaths Cyclists Pedestrians Mor cyclists Passengers Drivers Year FIGURE 6: PROPORTION OF INJURIES BY ROAD USER TYPE 1 Proportion of all injuries Year Cyclists Pedestrians Mor cyclists Passengers Drivers

22 HISTORICAL 21 TABLE 4: CRASHES IN HOLIDAY PERIODS HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Christmas New Year Easter Queen s Birthday Labour Weekend Year Crashes Casualties Period (days) Crashes Casualties Crashes Casualties Crashes Casualties (12) (6) (1) (3) (13) (7) (4) (3) (15) (13) (9) (5) (8) (4) (2) (5) (18) (12) (5) (5) (13) (8) (8) (3) (10) (10) (6) (3) (11) (10) (6) (8) (13) (11) (6) (4) (19) (16) (7) (6) (9) (7) (12) (10) (20) (13) (7) (9) (20) (8) (7) (13) (18) (12) (11) (9) (26) (8) (9) (10) (34) (21) (6) (8) (37) (15) (15) (10) (16) (16) (24) (11) (29) (17) (15) (6) (24) (15) (9) (12) (19) (11) (17) (3) (34) (9) (7) (2) (30) (7) (22) (16) (13) (10) (7) (8) (32) (15) (7) (9) (35) (5) (15) (10) (18) (13) (9) (7) (17) (11) (5) (13) (13) (15) (11) (9) (25) (9) (12) (10) (31) (15) (13) (6) (22) (19) (8) (12) (16) (12) (8) (10) (19) (16) (13) (5) (18) (17) (9) (9) (17) (12) (6) (11) (29) (12) (9) (9) (17) (11) (3) (8) (19) (10) (7) (7) (26) (9) (2) (7) (14) (7) (10) (5) (26) (6) (7) (5) (24) (3) (4) (8) (17) (7) (8) (6) (20) (6) (7) (7) (21) (4) (5) (6) (17) (3) (3) (3) (13) (3) (4) (3) (11) (4) (4) (5) (22) (9) (3) (3) (9) (5) (3) (3) (18) (6) (5) (4) (25) (9) (3) (4) (13) (7) (10) (9) (12) (12) (2) (8) (19) (5) (1) (8) (6) (0) (7) (6) (3) (0) (1) NOTES: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent injury figures. For the Christmas New Year holiday period the year refers the year in which the holiday period began. The number of days covered by the Christmas holiday period can vary. For the other three holiday periods the number of days is the same for all years. Also see Note 14.

23 22 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

24 SECTION 2: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

25 24 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 5: AGE AND SEX OF ROAD USERS KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group Females Males Unknown Total casualties years Under 5 41 (1) 72 (4) 1 (-) 114 (5) (-) 127 (-) 1 (-) 253 (-) (-) 198 (1) 3 (-) 336 (1) (10) 808 (21) 1 (-) 1400 (31) (9) 1005 (23) 2 (-) 1736 (32) (5) 662 (13) 1 (-) 1183 (18) (5) 487 (7) 1 (-) 861 (12) (1) 437 (11) - (-) 750 (12) (6) 495 (12) 1 (-) 836 (18) (3) 444 (12) - (-) 771 (15) (7) 448 (19) 1 (-) 775 (26) (5) 342 (12) - (-) 618 (17) (4) 278 (6) 1 (-) 492 (10) (5) 191 (3) - (-) 349 (8) (2) 142 (9) - (-) 271 (11) (-) 86 (6) - (-) 191 (6) 80 and over 169 (12) 159 (17) - (-) 328 (29) Unknown age 234 (2) 240 (1) 43 (-) 517 (3) TOTALS 5104 (77) 6621 (177) 56 (-) (254) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent tals. TABLE 6: AGE AND TYPES OF ROAD USERS KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcycle drivers Morcycle pillions Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users Total casualties Under 5 - (-) 72 (3) 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 36 (2) 2 (-) 114 (5) (-) 148 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 15 (-) 78 (-) 6 (-) 253 (-) (-) 132 (1) 9 (-) 6 (-) 71 (-) 91 (-) 15 (-) 336 (1) (14) 417 (14) 134 (-) 6 (-) 84 (-) 87 (3) 10 (-) 1400 (31) (19) 370 (6) 168 (6) 8 (-) 61 (-) 70 (1) 3 (-) 1736 (32) (9) 197 (4) 106 (2) 7 (-) 57 (-) 39 (3) 1 (-) 1183 (18) (7) 103 (-) 95 (1) 5 (-) 61 (1) 42 (3) - (-) 861 (12) (8) 82 (-) 78 (4) 7 (-) 76 (-) 26 (-) - (-) 750 (12) (10) 85 (1) 108 (2) 1 (1) 72 (-) 28 (4) 1 (-) 836 (18) (5) 68 (1) 112 (4) 6 (-) 71 (1) 35 (4) - (-) 771 (15) (11) 71 (3) 113 (8) 7 (-) 62 (2) 34 (2) 2 (-) 775 (26) (8) 60 (2) 88 (4) 2 (-) 53 (2) 36 (1) 1 (-) 618 (17) (7) 56 (2) 36 (1) 4 (-) 40 (-) 32 (-) 1 (-) 492 (10) (2) 48 (2) 29 (2) 3 (-) 20 (-) 27 (2) 3 (-) 349 (8) (6) 46 (-) 15 (4) - (-) 13 (-) 24 (1) 1 (-) 271 (11) (4) 31 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 5 (1) 21 (1) 4 (-) 191 (6) 80 and over 218 (16) 42 (7) 3 (-) - (-) 6 (1) 49 (3) 10 (2) 328 (29) Unknown age 84 (-) 279 (3) 14 (-) 6 (-) 49 (-) 84 (-) 1 (-) 517 (3) TOTALS 6569 (126) 2307 (49) 1113 (38) 75 (1) 817 (8) 839 (30) 61 (2) (254) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent tals. (1) Includes unknown.

26 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 25 FIGURE 7: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD DEATHS BY AGE AND SEX 15% Percent of deaths 10% 5% Female Male 0% Age group FIGURE 8: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD INJURIES BY AGE AND SEX 20% Percent of injuries 15% 10% 5% Female Male 0% Age group

27 26 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 9: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD DEATHS BY AGE AND ROAD USER TYPE Percent of deaths 8 6 DRIVERS PASSENGERS MOTORCYCLISTS 2 0 PEDESTRIANS 2 0 CYCLISTS Age

28 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 27 FIGURE 10: PERCENTAGE OF ROAD INJURIES BY AGE AND ROAD USER TYPE Percent of injuries DRIVERS PASSENGERS MOTORCYCLISTS 2 0 PEDESTRIANS 2 0 CYCLISTS Age

29 28 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 7: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED AND INJURED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Type of road user Killed Serious injury Minor injury Totals DRIVERS OF: Car Taxi SUV Van Truck Bus Morcycle Other Unknown SUBTOTAL PASSENGERS FROM: Car Taxi SUV Van Truck Bus Morcycle Other Unknown SUBTOTAL OTHER ROAD USERS: Pedal cyclists Pedestrian Other and Unknown SUBTOTAL TOTAL ALL CASUALTIES FIGURE 11: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED AND INJURED 50 Driver Passenger Morcyclist Pedestrian 7 3 Cyclist Percent of deaths Percent of injuries

30 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 29 TABLE 8: TYPE OF ROAD USERS KILLED AND INJURED IN EACH SPEED LIMIT AREA DURING DAYLIGHT AND DARKNESS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 ROAD USER 50 KM/H OR LESS KM/H KM/H UNKNOWN SPEED LIMIT / LIGHT TOTALS Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark DRIVERS OF: Car 1803 (9) 785 (10) 203 (5) 96 (3) 1485 (40) 761 (26) 4 (-) 3491 (54) 1642 (39) Taxi 16 (-) 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 18 (-) 4 (-) SUV 124 (1) 46 (-) 35 (-) 12 (1) 261 (11) 109 (4) 1 (-) 420 (12) 167 (5) Van 140 (-) 52 (-) 32 (1) 9 (-) 229 (6) 107 (4) - (-) 401 (7) 168 (4) Truck 31 (-) 11 (-) 10 (-) 1 (-) 114 (3) 43 (2) - (-) 155 (3) 55 (2) Bus 6 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 14 (-) 4 (-) Morcycle 485 (2) 191 (3) 35 (3) 19 (-) 323 (24) 59 (6) 1 (-) 843 (29) 269 (9) Other 8 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 15 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 23 (-) 2 (-) Unknown - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) SUBTOTAL 2613 (12) 1090 (13) 317 (9) 138 (4) 2435 (84) 1083 (42) 6 (-) 5365 (105) 2311 (59) PASSENGERS FROM: Car 471 (-) 312 (2) 63 (-) 59 (3) 516 (13) 293 (11) - (-) 1050 (13) 664 (16) Taxi 1 (-) 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) 4 (-) SUV 49 (-) 12 (-) 10 (-) 3 (1) 132 (2) 70 (1) - (-) 191 (2) 85 (2) Van 49 (2) 22 (-) 5 (-) 2 (1) 95 (4) 69 (6) - (-) 149 (6) 93 (7) Truck 11 (1) 5 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 13 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 25 (2) 6 (-) Bus 7 (1) 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 22 (-) - (-) - (-) 31 (1) 1 (-) Morcycle 18 (-) 13 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 31 (1) 9 (-) - (-) 52 (1) 23 (-) Other 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) 1 (-) Unknown - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) SUBTOTAL 609 (4) 370 (2) 84 (-) 65 (5) 813 (21) 442 (18) - (-) 1506 (25) 877 (25) OTHER ROAD USERS: Pedal cyclists 595 (3) 109 (-) 41 (-) 6 (-) 56 (4) 8 (1) 1 (-) 692 (7) 123 (1) Pedestrian 598 (6) 177 (7) 24 (-) 6 (3) 19 (7) 15 (7) - (-) 641 (13) 198 (17) Other and unknown 47 (2) 7 (-) 4 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 53 (2) 8 (-) SUBTOTAL 1240 (11) 293 (7) 69 (-) 13 (3) 77 (11) 23 (8) 1 (-) 1386 (22) 329 (18) TOTAL 4462 (27) 1753 (22) 470 (9) 216 (12) 3325 (116) 1548 (68) 7 (-) 8257 (152) 3517 (102) NOTE: The figures in brackets are numbers killed and are not included in the adjacent injury figures.

31 30 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 9: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES AND NUMBER OF CASUALTIES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Number of crashes Number of casualties Movement classification Injury Fatal Killed Serious Minor Total Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTE: For movement classification see note 9. FIGURE 12: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES Overtaking or lane change Head on Lost control on straight Lost control while cornering Obstruction Rear end Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Merging Right turn against Manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous Percent of fatal crashes Percent of injury crashes

32 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 31 TABLE 10: CASUALTIES AND CRASHES EACH MONTH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 CASUALTIES CRASHES Morcyclist Month Driver Passenger Pedestrian Pedal cyclist Other (2) Totals Number Daily average (1) January 528 (8) 211 (1) 123 (5) 53 (3) 75 (1) 4 (-) 994 (18) 772 (18) 25 February 482 (10) 179 (8) 133 (6) 61 (3) 99 (-) 5 (-) 959 (27) 748 (26) 27 March 658 (10) 245 (4) 138 (-) 79 (3) 79 (4) 2 (-) 1201 (21) 937 (19) 30 April 530 (5) 180 (1) 101 (6) 74 (4) 64 (-) 8 (1) 957 (17) 750 (17) 25 May 601 (11) 201 (7) 93 (3) 72 (1) 82 (1) 7 (-) 1056 (23) 840 (18) 28 June 519 (11) 190 (4) 78 (1) 70 (3) 65 (-) 6 (1) 928 (20) 718 (20) 23 July 565 (12) 180 (4) 86 (1) 94 (2) 67 (2) 6 (-) 998 (21) 770 (21) 25 August 541 (14) 161 (7) 72 (3) 94 (4) 58 (-) 6 (-) 932 (28) 712 (26) 23 September 511 (8) 174 (3) 66 (1) 64 (1) 53 (-) 3 (-) 871 (13) 669 (12) 22 Ocber 529 (14) 189 (1) 88 (3) 57 (1) 60 (-) 3 (-) 926 (19) 714 (19) 23 November 550 (13) 187 (2) 109 (7) 68 (2) 69 (-) 6 (-) 989 (24) 764 (22) 25 December 555 (10) 210 (7) 101 (3) 53 (3) 46 (-) 5 (-) 970 (23) 715 (21) 23 TOTALS 6569 (126) 2307 (49) 1188 (39) 839 (30) 817 (8) 61 (2) (254) 9109 (239) 25 NOTES: The figures in brackets are numbers killed or the number of fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. (1) Includes pillion passengers. (2) Includes unknown road user types. FIGURE 13: PERCENTAGE OF INJURIES BY MONTH AND TYPE OF ROAD USER Percent of injuries Driver Passenger Morcyclist Pedestrian Cyclist 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

33 O O 32 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 14: CRASH MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION DIAGRAM A B C D TYPE OVERTAKING AND LANE CHANGE HEAD ON LOST CONTROL OR OFF ROAD STRAIGHT ROADS CORNERING A B C D E F G O PULLING OUT OR CHANGING LANE TO RIGHT ON STRAIGHT OUT OFCONTROL ON ROADWAY LOST CONTROL TURNING RIGHT HEAD ON OFF ROADWAY TO LEFT LOST CONTROL TURNING LEFT CUTTING INOR CHANGING LANE TO LEFT OFF ROADWAY TO RIGHT MISSED INTERSECTION OR END OFROAD LOST CONTROL OVERTAKING VEHICLE * SIDE ROAD LOST CONTROL ON STRAIGHT * LOST CONTROL ON CURVE WEAVING IN HEAVY TRAFFIC OTHER OTHER OTHER OTHER E COLLISION WITH OBSTRUCTION PARKED VEHICLE CRASH OR BROKEN DOWN NON VEHICULAR OBSTRUCTIONS INCLUDING ANIMALS WORKMANS VEHICLE OPENING DOOR OTHER F REAR END SLOWER VEHICLE CROSS TRAFFIC PEDESTRIAN QUEUE SIGNALS OTHER OTHER G TURNING VERSUS SAME DIRECTION REAR OF LEFT TURNING VEHICLE LEFT TURN SIDE SIDE SWIPE STOPPED OR TURNING FROM LEFT SIDE NEAR CENTRE LINE OVERTAKING VEHICLE TWO TURNING* OTHER H CROSSING NO TURNS RIGHT ANGLE TO OTHER CROSSING VEHICLE TURNING RIGHT TURN RIGHT SIDE OBSOLETE TWO TURNING OTHER K MERGING LEFT TURN IN RIGHT TURN IN TWO TURNING OTHER L RIGHT TURN AGAINST STOPPED WAITING TO TURN MAKING TURN OTHER M MANOEUVRING PARKING OR LEAVING "U" TURN "U" TURN DRIVEWAY MANOEUVRE PARKING OPPOSITE ENTERING OR LEAVING REVERSING ALONG ROAD OTHER N PEDESTRIANS CROSSING ROAD LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE LEFT TURN LEFT SIDE RIGHT TURN RIGHT SIDE LEFT TURN RIGHT SIDE RIGHT TURN LEFT SIDE MANOEUVRING VEHICLE OTHER P PEDESTRIANS OTHER WALKING WITH TRAFFIC WALKING FACING TRAFFIC WALKING ON FOOTPATH CHILD PLAYING INCLUDING TRICYCLE ATTENDING TO VEHICLE ENTERING OR LEAVING VEHICLE OTHER Q MISCELLANEOUS FELL WHILE BOARDING OR ALIGHTING FELL FROM MOVING VEHICLE TRAIN PARKED VEHICLE RAN AWAY EQUESTRIAN FELL INSIDE VEHICLE TRAILER OR LOAD OTHER NOTE: * = Movement applies for left and right hand bends, curves or turns.

34 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 33 TABLE 11: CRASHES CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF MOVEMENT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A Overtaking or lane change B Head on not overtaking C Lost control straight road D Cornering E Collision with obstruction F Rear end collision G Turning versus same direction H Crossing no turns J Crossing vehicle turning K Vehicles merging L Right turn against M Vehicle manoeuvring N Pedestrian crossing road P Pedestrian other Q Miscellaneous TOTAL CRASHES 9348 NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table.

35 34 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 12: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING CARS, SUVS, VANS AND TAXIS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTAL CRASHES NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

36 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 35 TABLE 13: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING BUSES AND TRUCKS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTAL CRASHES NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

37 36 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 14: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Q Miscellaneous TOTAL CRASHES NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

38 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 37 TABLE 15: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 TYPE A B C D E F G O TOTAL A B C D E F G H J K L M N P Q Overtaking or lane change Head on not overtaking Lost control straight road Cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end collision Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTAL CRASHES NOTE: See Figure 14 for a diagrammatic representation of this table. Top figure in each cell is the key vehicle (dark arrow). Lower figure in each cell is the second vehicle. Third, fourth etc vehicles are not shown.

39 38 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 16: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 17). TABLE 17: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTES: For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

40 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 39 TABLE 18: INJURY CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am am 1.59am am 2.59am am 3.59am am 4.59am am 5.59am am 6.59am am 7.59am am 8.59am am 9.59am am 10.59am am 11.59am noon 12.59am pm 1.59pm pm 2.59pm pm 3.59pm pm 4.59pm pm 5.59pm pm 6.59pm pm 7.59pm pm 8.59pm pm 9.59pm pm 10.59pm pm 11.59pm Unknown time TOTALS NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 19). FIGURE 15: INJURY CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 2.0 Percent of injury crashes Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

41 40 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 19: FATAL CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am am 1.59am am 2.59am am 3.59am am 4.59am am 5.59am am 6.59am am 7.59am am 8.59am am 9.59am am 10.59am am 11.59am noon 12.59am pm 1.59pm pm 2.59pm pm 3.59pm pm 4.59pm pm 5.59pm pm 6.59pm pm 7.59pm pm 8.59pm pm 9.59pm pm 10.59pm pm 11.59pm Unknown time TOTALS FIGURE 16: FATAL CRASHES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 2.5 Percent of fatal crashes Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

42 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 41 TABLE 20: LIGHT AND WEATHER CONDITIONS PREVAILING WHEN INJURY CRASHES OCCURRED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 LIGHT CONDITIONS FINE HEAVY RAIN LIGHT RAIN MIST SNOW UNKNOWN TOTAL BRIGHT SUN OVERCAST TWILIGHT: Street lights on Street lights off No street lights Not stated TWILIGHT SUBTOTAL DARK: Street lights on Street lights off No street lights Not stated DARK SUBTOTAL UNKNOWN LIGHT TOTAL NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 21). TABLE 21: LIGHT AND WEATHER CONDITIONS PREVAILING WHEN FATAL CRASHES OCCURRED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 LIGHT CONDITIONS FINE HEAVY RAIN LIGHT RAIN MIST SNOW UNKNOWN TOTAL BRIGHT SUN OVERCAST TWILIGHT: Street lights on Street lights off No street lights Not stated TWILIGHT SUBTOTAL DARK: Street lights on Street lights off No street lights Not stated DARK SUBTOTAL UNKNOWN LIGHT TOTAL

43 42 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 22: OBJECTS COLLIDED WITH IN INJURY CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Objects struck Number of objects URBAN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness Number of objects OPEN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of objects Total number of objects Driven or accompanied animals Bridge or approach rails Upright cliff or bank Debris on the road Over the bank or cliff Fence, letterbox, hoarding Guard rail House or building Traffic island or median Phone boxes, bus shelters etc Kerb Slip, washout or flood Parked vehicle Train Pole or post Broken down or accident vehicles Road works signs or drums Traffic sign or signals Tree Stray or wild animals Ditch In water, river or sea Other TOTALS NOTE: For area classification see Note 11. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 23).

44 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 43 TABLE 23: OBJECTS COLLIDED WITH IN FATAL CRASHES ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Objects struck Number of objects URBAN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness Number of objects OPEN ROADS As a % of all objects Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of objects Total number of objects Driven or accompanied animals Bridge or approach rails Upright cliff or bank Debris on the road Over the bank or cliff Fence, letterbox, hoarding Guard rail House or building Traffic island or median Phone boxes, bus shelters etc Kerb Slip, washout or flood Parked vehicle Train Pole or post Broken down or accident vehicles Road works signs or drums Traffic sign or signals Tree Stray or wild animals Ditch In water, river or sea Other TOTALS NOTE: For area classification see Note 11.

45 44 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 24: INJURY CRASHES BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 ROAD FEATURE Number of injury crashes URBAN ROADS As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes OPEN ROADS As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals Sp sign Roundabout Other give way sign Points man or school patrol Uncontrolled SUBTOTAL NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge Railway crossing Morway on-off ramp Raised islands Straight road Easy curve Moderate curve Severe curve Not stated SUBTOTAL TOTAL NOTES: For urban/open road classification see Note 11. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 25).

46 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 45 TABLE 25: FATAL CRASHES BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 ROAD FEATURE Number of fatal crashes URBAN ROADS As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes OPEN ROADS As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness UNKNOWN AREA Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals Sp sign Roundabout Other give way sign Points man or school patrol Uncontrolled SUBTOTAL NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge Railway crossing Morway on-off ramp Raised islands Straight road Easy curve Moderate curve Severe curve Not stated SUBTOTAL TOTAL NOTE: For urban/open road classification see Note 11.

47 46 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 17: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES Lost control Too fast for conditions Alcohol or drugs Failed keep left Inattention or attention diverted Driver tired or fell asleep Road facrs Did not see other party Failed give way or sp Pedestrian facrs Inexperienced 8 9 Too far left 7 5 Weather 4 5 Vehicle facrs Illness/disability Overtaking Cyclist facrs Misjudged other vehicle Suddenly braked or turned Load facrs Following o close 9 0 Wrong lane Percent of fatal crashes Percent of injury crashes

48 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 47 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS Alcohol or drugs Alcohol suspected 269 (4) 21 (2) - (-) 290 (6) Any test negative 158 (8) 13 (2) - (-) 171 (10) All tests positive or refused 692 (44) 71 (4) - (-) 763 (48) Result of test unknown 101 (7) 19 (1) - (-) 120 (8) Inxicated non-driver (pedestrian/cyclist/passenger) 5 (1) 1 (-) 22 (-) 28 (1) Not suspected and test negative - (73) - (24) - (-) - (97) Drug test result unknown 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Drugs suspected 34 (2) 6 (-) - (-) 40 (2) Drugs proven 9 (8) - (4) - (-) 9 (12) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 1272 (147) 131 (37) 22 (-) 1425 (184) Too fast for conditions Cornering 765 (42) 84 (9) 5 (1) 854 (52) On straight 222 (11) 28 (4) 10 (-) 260 (15) To give way at intersection 32 (2) 2 (-) 1 (-) 35 (2) Approaching railway crossing 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) Passing stationary school bus - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) At temporary speed limit 16 (1) - (-) - (-) 16 (1) At crash or emergency 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Other 132 (6) 20 (1) 3 (-) 155 (7) Totals 1170 (62) 134 (14) 20 (1) 1324 (77) Failed keep left Swung wide on bend 59 (10) 12 (3) 1 (-) 72 (13) Swung wide at an intersection 16 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 19 (-) Cutting corner: on bend 42 (4) 4 (2) - (-) 46 (6) at an intersection 18 (1) 2 (-) 2 (-) 22 (1) On straight 50 (12) 2 (1) 2 (-) 54 (13) Vehicle crossed raised median - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Driving or riding abreast (cyclists more than 2 abreast) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Wandering or wobbling 3 (-) 2 (-) 3 (1) 8 (1) Too far left/right 641 (20) 43 (2) 15 (-) 699 (22) Other 5 (3) 2 (-) - (-) 7 (3) Totals 834 (50) 70 (8) 23 (1) 927 (59) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

49 48 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS Lost control When turning 1121 (43) 179 (10) 3 (-) 1303 (53) Under heavy braking 46 (2) 23 (-) 1 (1) 70 (3) Under heavy acceleration 51 (1) 4 (-) - (-) 55 (1) While returning seal from 132 (11) 8 (1) - (1) 140 (13) unsealed shoulder Due road conditions 110 (6) 49 (1) - (-) 159 (7) Due vehicle fault 29 (2) 10 (1) 1 (-) 40 (3) Avoiding another vehicle, pedestrian, party or obstacle on 80 (4) 21 (3) 1 (-) 102 (7) roadway On unsealed road 33 (1) 7 (-) - (-) 40 (1) End of seal 1382 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 15 (-) Other 368 (14) 44 (4) 4 (-) 416 (18) Totals 1982 (84) 348 (20) 10 (2) 2340 (106) Failed signal in time When moving left, pulling over 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) left When turning left 11 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 12 (-) When pulling out or moving the 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) right When turning right 12 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 14 (-) Incorrect signal 14 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 16 (-) Other 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Totals 42 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) 48 (-) Overtaking A line of traffic or queue 10 (-) 5 (-) 1 (-) 16 (-) Deliberately in the face of 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) oncoming traffic Failed notice oncoming traffic 10 (1) - (1) 1 (-) 11 (2) Misjudged speed or distance of - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) oncoming traffic At no passing line 6 (1) 3 (-) - (-) 9 (1) With insufficient visibility 6 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 9 (-) At an intersection without 9 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) 18 (-) due care On left without due care 14 (-) 11 (-) 12 (-) 37 (-) Cut in after overtaking 13 (1) - (-) - (-) 13 (1) Vehicle signalling right turn 23 (1) 8 (-) 3 (-) 34 (1) Carelessly at a pedestrian crossing 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Other 21 (3) 8 (-) 2 (-) 31 (3) Totals 116 (7) 46 (1) 21 (-) 183 (8) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

50 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 49 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS Wrong lane or turned from wrong position Turned right from incorrect lane 6 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 9 (-) Turned left from incorrect lane 6 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) Travelled straight ahead from 5 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 6 (-) turning lane or flush median Turned right from left side of road 22 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 28 (-) Turned left from near centre line 4 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 6 (-) Turned in incorrect lane 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Weaving or cut in on multi-lane 5 (-) 5 (-) - (1) 10 (1) roads Moved left avoid slow vehicle - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Long vehicle tracked outside lane 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Other 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Totals 56 (-) 11 (-) 6 (1) 73 (1) In line of traffic Following o closely 815 (-) 64 (1) 6 (-) 885 (1) Travelling unreasonably slowly 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Morist crowded cyclist 10 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) Incorrect merging manoeuvre 13 (-) - (-) - (-) 13 (-) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 840 (-) 64 (1) 6 (-) 910 (1) Sudden action Braked 116 (-) 15 (-) - (-) 131 (-) Turned left 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Turned right 7 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 8 (-) Swerved avoid: pedestrian 5 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 6 (1) animal 43 (-) 7 (-) - (-) 50 (-) crash or broken down vehicle 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) vehicle 116 (3) 25 (-) 4 (-) 145 (3) object or for unknown reason 11 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 15 (-) Avoiding approaching emergency - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) vehicle Other 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Totals 304 (4) 51 (-) 6 (-) 361 (4) Forbidden movements Wrong way in one way street, morway or roundabout 9 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 10 (1) When turning or U turning contrary a sign 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Contrary in or out only - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) driveway signs Driving or riding on footpath 4 (-) 4 (-) 63 (-) 71 (-) On incorrect side of island or 28 (1) 2 (-) 7 (-) 37 (1) median Contrary No Entry sign 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) In car park 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Mor vehicle in cycle lane 3 (-) 5 (-) - (-) 8 (-) Bus/Transit lane - (-) 3 (-) - (-) 3 (-) Cyclist riding on pedestrian - (-) - (-) 8 (-) 8 (-) crossing/pedestrian signals Other 3 (1) 3 (-) 2 (-) 8 (1) Totals 53 (3) 18 (-) 80 (-) 151 (3) TOTAL DRIVER/RIDER CONTROL FACTORS 6669 (357) 876 (81) 197 (5) 7742 (443) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

51 50 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE CONFLICT FACTORS Failed give way At a sp sign 270 (5) 6 (-) 2 (-) 278 (5) At a give way sign 675 (7) 14 (-) 11 (-) 700 (7) When turning, non-turning 557 (5) 6 (-) 5 (-) 568 (5) traffic When deemed turning by - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) markings, not geometry When turning left, opposing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) right turning traffic To pedestrian on a crossing 59 (1) - (-) - (-) 59 (1) When turning at signals 20 (-) - (-) - (-) 20 (-) pedestrians When entering roadway from 233 (3) 6 (-) 11 (-) 250 (3) driveway To traffic approaching or crossing 22 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 23 (-) from right At one lane bridge/road 6 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) To pedestrian on footpath or verge 9 (-) - (-) - (-) 9 (-) Entering roadway not from driveway or intersection 2 (-) - (-) 18 (-) 20 (-) To emergency vehicle 5 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) Driver waved through 47 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 50 (-) Other 7 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 9 (-) Totals 1912 (21) 35 (-) 50 (-) 1997 (21) Did not sp At sp sign 73 (5) - (-) - (-) 73 (5) At steady red light 200 (2) 1 (-) 5 (-) 206 (2) At steady red arrow 31 (-) - (-) - (-) 31 (-) At steady amber light 14 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 16 (-) At steady amber arrow - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) At flashing red lights (railway 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) crossing, fire station etc) For police or flag person 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) For school patrol/kea crossing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 325 (7) 3 (-) 5 (-) 333 (7) Inattentive: failed notice Car slowing, spping or spped 474 (-) 35 (-) 8 (-) 517 (-) in front Bend in road 22 (-) 1 (1) - (-) 23 (1) Indication of vehicle in front 52 (2) 14 (1) 2 (-) 68 (3) Traffic lights 70 (2) 1 (-) 3 (-) 74 (2) Intersection or its sp/give way control 47 (3) 1 (-) - (-) 48 (3) Other regulary sign/markings 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Warning sign 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 3 (-) Direction, information signs/ 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) markings Roadworks signs 8 (-) - (-) - (-) 8 (-) Lane use arrows/markings - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Obstructions on roadway 46 (1) 5 (-) 5 (-) 56 (1) Other 127 (7) 13 (-) 6 (-) 146 (7) Totals 852 (15) 71 (2) 24 (-) 947 (17) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

52 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 51 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE CONFLICT FACTORS Attention diverted by: Passengers 89 (2) - (-) 1 (-) 90 (2) Scenery or persons outside 95 (4) 9 (-) - (-) 104 (4) vehicle Other traffic 151 (2) 15 (-) 2 (-) 168 (2) Animal or insect in vehicle 28 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 29 (-) Trying find intersection/house 30 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 31 (-) no. Advertising or signs 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Emotionally upset 84 (2) 1 (-) 1 (-) 86 (2) Cigarette, radio, glove box etc. 176 (2) 2 (-) 1 (-) 179 (2) Cell phone 51 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 52 (-) Navigation devices 11 (-) - (-) - (-) 11 (-) CB Radio/non-cell comms devices 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) Driver dazzled 118 (1) 1 (-) 1 (-) 120 (1) Other 162 (8) 13 (1) 6 (-) 181 (9) Totals 998 (21) 44 (1) 13 (-) 1055 (22) Did not see or look for another party Behind when: reversing 119 (1) - (-) 1 (-) 120 (1) changing lanes, position, or direction (includes U-turns) 374 (9) 9 (-) 24 (2) 407 (11) pulling out from parked position 42 (1) - (-) - (-) 42 (1) opening door or leaving vehicle 54 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 55 (-) When required give way : traffic from another direction 836 (9) 12 (-) 15 (-) 863 (9) pedestrians 56 (1) - (-) - (-) 56 (1) When visibility was: obstructed by other vehicles 259 (-) 7 (-) 5 (-) 271 (-) limited by roadside features 77 (3) 3 (1) 6 (-) 86 (4) When first in queue on receiving 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) green light Other 104 (5) - (-) 14 (-) 118 (5) Totals 1922 (29) 31 (1) 66 (2) 2019 (32) Misjudged speed, distance, size of Other vehicle coming from behind or alongside 32 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 37 (-) another direction with right of way 67 (1) 1 (-) 1 (-) 69 (1) Pedestrian movement or intention 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Towed vehicle, or while wing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Fixed object or obstacle 11 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 13 (-) Own vehicle 69 (1) 5 (1) 1 (-) 75 (2) Misjudged intentions of another 109 (1) 16 (-) 5 (-) 130 (1) party Other 6 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 7 (-) Totals 298 (3) 25 (1) 12 (-) 335 (4) TOTAL VEHICLE CONFLICT FACTORS 6307 (96) 209 (5) 170 (2) 6686 (103) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

53 52 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS GENERAL DRIVER FACTORS Inexperience Driving in fast or heavy traffic 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) New driver 352 (11) 62 (1) 3 (-) 417 (12) Driving unfamiliar vehicle 22 (1) 10 (-) - (-) 32 (1) Overseas migrant driver fails 147 (5) 2 (2) 2 (-) 151 (7) adjust NZ rules and conditions Driver under instruction 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) At wing trailer/other vehicle 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 4 (-) Driver over-reacted 87 (2) 3 (-) - (-) 90 (2) Unsupervised cyclist - (-) - (-) 4 (-) 4 (-) Other 14 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) 23 (-) Totals 634 (19) 84 (3) 11 (-) 729 (22) Fatigue (drowsy, tired or fell asleep) Long trip 20 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 22 (-) Lack of sleep 60 (4) - (-) - (-) 60 (4) Exhaust fumes - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Worked long hours before driving 28 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 29 (1) Exceeded driving hours 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Other 424 (26) 4 (1) - (-) 428 (27) Totals 533 (31) 7 (1) - (-) 540 (32) Incorrect use of vehicle controls Started in gear 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Stalled engine 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) Wrong pedal 88 (-) - (-) - (-) 88 (-) Footrest, stand - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Ignition turned off (steering 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) locked) Lights not switched on 3 (-) 2 (-) 7 (-) 12 (-) Foot slipped 20 (-) - (-) 2 (1) 22 (1) Parking brake not fully applied 14 (-) - (-) - (-) 14 (-) Trailer coupling or safety chain not - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) secured Other 10 (1) 3 (-) - (-) 13 (1) Totals 139 (1) 6 (-) 9 (1) 154 (2) Showing off Racing 13 (2) - (-) 2 (-) 15 (2) Playing chicken - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Wheelspins/wheelies/doughnuts 22 (-) 4 (-) - (-) 26 (-) etc Intimidating driving 10 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) Other 13 (-) 6 (-) - (-) 19 (-) Totals 58 (2) 10 (-) 2 (-) 70 (2) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

54 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 53 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS Parked or spped Inadequately lit at night (not lit by street lights or park lights off) 1 (1) - (-) - (-) 1 (1) At a point of limited visibility 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Not as close as practicable the side of the road 7 (-) - (-) - (-) 7 (-) On incorrect side of the road 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Double parked - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) In a No Spping area 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Not clear of rail crossing - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) In cycle or transit lane - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 15 (1) - (-) - (-) 15 (1) TOTAL GENERAL DRIVER FACTORS 1379 (54) 107 (4) 22 (1) 1508 (59) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

55 54 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS GENERAL PERSON FACTORS Illness and disability Illness with no warning 156 (2) 5 (-) - (-) 161 (2) Physically disabled 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Defective vision 10 (1) - (-) - (-) 10 (1) Medical illness (not sudden) flu, diabetes 54 (1) 4 (-) 1 (-) 59 (1) Mental illness 7 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 9 (-) (depression, psychosis) Suicidal (but not successful) 13 (-) - (-) - (-) 13 (-) Impaired ability due old age 39 (3) - (-) 1 (-) 40 (3) Other 34 (2) - (-) - (-) 34 (2) Totals 316 (9) 9 (-) 4 (-) 329 (9) Intentional or criminal Deliberate homicide (only if - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) successful) Intentional collision 38 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 39 (-) Committed suicide (only if - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) succeeded) Evading enforcement 55 (4) 13 (-) - (-) 68 (4) Object deliberately thrown at or - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) dropped on vehicle/shot at Object thrown from vehicle - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Slen vehicle 29 (2) - (-) - (-) 29 (2) Other 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Totals 125 (6) 13 (-) 1 (-) 139 (6) Driver/passenger boarding/leaving/in vehicle Boarding moving vehicle - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Intentionally leaving moving 5 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 6 (-) vehicle Riding in insecure position 20 (2) 3 (-) 1 (-) 24 (2) Interfered with driver 16 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 17 (-) Opened door inadvertently 9 (1) - (-) 1 (-) 10 (1) Overloaded vehicle (with - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) passengers) Child playing in parked vehicle 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Other 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Totals 54 (3) 5 (-) 2 (-) 61 (3) Miscellaneous person Casualty drowned - (1) - (-) - (-) - (1) Casualty thrown from vehicle 14 (10) 10 (-) - (-) 24 (10) Equestrian not keeping verge - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Cyclist or morcyclist wearing - (-) 6 (-) 18 (-) 24 (-) dark clothing Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 14 (11) 16 (-) 18 (-) 48 (11) TOTAL GENERAL PERSON FACTORS 509 (29) 43 (-) 25 (-) 577 (29) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

56 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 55 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE FACTORS Lights and reflecrs Dazzling headlights 10 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) Inadequate or no headlights - (1) 2 (2) 4 (-) 6 (3) Headlights failed suddenly - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Brake lights or indicars defective or not fitted 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Inadequate or no tail-lights 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) Inadequate or no reflecrs - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Lights or reflecrs covered by dirt - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other 3 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (1) Totals 16 (2) 3 (2) 6 (-) 25 (4) Brakes Parking brake: failed 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) defective - (1) - (-) - (-) - (1) Service brake: failed 4 (-) - (-) 5 (-) 9 (-) defective - (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) 8 (-) Jack-knifed 11 (1) - (-) - (-) 11 (1) Other 6 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 10 (-) Totals 24 (2) 7 (-) 10 (-) 41 (2) Steering Defective 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) Failed suddenly - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Totals 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) Tyres Puncture or blow out 24 (2) 4 (-) - (-) 28 (2) Tread worn 27 (4) 1 (1) - (-) 28 (5) Incorrect type 3 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 5 (-) Mixed treads/space savers 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Other 5 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) Totals 61 (6) 7 (1) - (-) 68 (7) Windscreen or mirror Windscreen shattered - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Windscreen or rear window dirty 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Rear vision mirror not adjusted - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) correctly No rear vision mirror - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Windscreen, spectacles or rear 16 (-) - (-) - (-) 16 (-) window misted/frosted Inadequate or no sun visors - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Inadequate or no windscreen - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) wipers Cycle/morcycle visor, goggles - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) or screen defective, misted etc Other - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Totals 17 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 18 (-) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

57 56 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS MOTOR VEHICLE MOTORCYCLE PEDAL CYCLE TOTALS VEHICLE FACTORS CONTINUED Mechanical Engine failure 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) Transmission failure 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 3 (-) Accelerar or throttle jammed 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Other 3 (-) 1 (1) - (-) 4 (1) Totals 10 (-) 3 (1) - (-) 13 (1) Body or chassis Body, chassis or frame failure 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 4 (-) Suspension failure 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Failure of door catch/door not - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) shut Inadequate mudguards - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Inadequate w coupling 7 (-) - (-) - (-) 7 (-) Inadequate or no safety chain - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Bonnet catch failed - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Wheel off 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) Broken axle 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 2 (-) Inconspicuous colour 2 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 5 (-) Blind spot 47 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 48 (1) Seatbelt/restraint failed - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Airbag failed inflate (fully) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 5 (-) Totals 69 (1) 4 (-) 2 (-) 75 (1) Load Interferes with driver 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) Not well secured or load moved 17 (-) - (1) - (-) 17 (1) Overhanging - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Load obscured vision - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Excess dimensions not adequately - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) indicated Overdimension vehicle or load 2 (1) - (-) - (-) 2 (1) Load o heavy 9 (-) - (-) - (-) 9 (-) Towed vehicle or trailer o heavy 6 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (-) or incompatible Other 6 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 7 (-) Totals 41 (1) 1 (1) - (-) 42 (2) Miscellaneous vehicle Emergency vehicle attending 5 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) emergency Vehicle caught fire 20 (3) - (2) - (-) 20 (5) Being wed - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Airbag contributed crash or - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) injury Seatbelt/restraint absent or - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) unusable Dangerous goods - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Other - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) Totals 25 (3) 1 (2) - (-) 26 (5) TOTAL VEHICLE FACTORS 266 (15) 28 (7) 18 (-) 312 (22) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

58 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 57 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER PEDESTRIAN FACTORS Walking along road Not keeping footpath 4 (-) Not keeping side of road 4 (1) Not facing oncoming traffic 6 (3) Not on outside of blind curve - (-) Wheeled pedestrian inconsiderate or dangerous on footpath 2 (-) Other 1 (-) Totals 17 (4) Crossing road Walking heedless of traffic 208 (10) Stepping out from behind parked vehicle 83 (-) Running heedless of traffic 203 (4) Failed use pedestrian crossing when one within 20 metres 15 (-) Waiting on roadway for moving traffic 11 (-) Confused by traffic or stepped back 7 (-) Stepping suddenly on pedestrian crossing 10 (-) Not complying with traffic signals or school patrol 22 (-) Misjudged speed and/or distance of vehicle 27 (1) Other 14 (-) Totals 600 (15) Miscellaneous Pushing, working or unloading vehicle 9 (-) Playing on, or unnecessarily on road 24 (2) Working on road 3 (1) Wearing dark clothing 24 (10) Vision obscured by umbrella or clothing 4 (-) Child escaped from supervision 18 (1) Unsupervised child 73 (1) Sitting/lying on road 3 (5) Pedestrian from school bus 5 (-) Pedestrian behind reversing/manoeuvring vehicle 15 (-) Overseas pedestrian 5 (1) Pedestrian attention diverted (music player, cigarette, cell phone etc) 16 (1) Other 11 (1) Totals 210 (23) TOTAL PEDESTRIAN FACTORS 827 (42) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

59 58 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER ROAD FACTORS Slippery because of Rain 345 (10) Frost or ice 72 (2) Snow or hail 1 (-) Loose material on seal 56 (1) Mud 3 (-) Oil/diesel/fuel 29 (-) Painted markings 1 (-) Recently graded 4 (-) Surface bleeding/defective 17 (-) Other 57 (1) Totals 585 (14) Surface Potholed 10 (-) Uneven 18 (3) Deep loose metal 40 (2) High crown - (-) Curve not well banked 4 (-) Edge badly defined or gave way 6 (1) Under construction or maintenance 88 (1) Unusually narrow 21 (1) Broken glass - (-) Other 10 (-) Totals 197 (8) Obstructed Fallen tree or branch 8 (-) Slip or subsidence - (-) Flood waters, large puddles, ford 8 (1) Road works: not adequately lighted - (-) not adequately signposted - (-) Roadside object fell on vehicle 3 (-) Object flicked up by vehicle 2 (-) Other 6 (-) Totals 27 (1) Visibility limited by Curve 25 (2) Crest 15 (2) Building - (-) Trees 11 (1) Hedge or fence 11 (-) Scrub or long grass 6 (1) Bank 2 (-) Temporary obstruction or dust/smoke 3 (-) Parked vehicle 55 (-) Other 31 (-) Totals 159 (6) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

60 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 59 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER ROAD FACTORS CONTINUED Signs and signals Damaged, removed or malfunctioned 3 (-) Badly located 2 (-) Ineffective or inadequate 6 (-) Necessary 10 (-) Signals turned off 2 (-) Other 3 (-) Totals 26 (-) Markings Faded 2 (1) Difficult see in weather conditions 1 (-) Necessary 2 (-) Not visible due geometry or vehicles - (-) Old markings not adequately removed - (-) Other 3 (-) Totals 8 (1) Street lighting Failed 2 (-) Inadequate 6 (2) Glare on wet road 1 (-) Pedestrian crossing not adequately lighted - (-) Other 1 (-) Totals 10 (2) Raised islands and roundabouts Difficult see - (-) Ineffective, badly located/designed - (-) Cyclist squeeze point - (-) Other - (-) Totals - (-) TOTAL ROAD FACTORS 1012 (32) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

61 60 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 26: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CRASHES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 FACTORS NUMBER MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS Weather Heavy rain 137 (6) Dazzling sun 132 (2) Strong wind 41 (-) Fog or mist 66 (4) Snow, sleet or hail - (-) Other - (-) Totals 376 (12) Animals Household pet rushed out or playing 14 (-) Farm animal straying 48 (2) Farm animal attended but: inadequate warning or unexpected - (-) out of control 2 (-) Wild 2 (-) Other - (-) Totals 66 (2) Entering or leaving land use Roadside stall 5 (-) Service station 49 (1) Specialised liquor outlet 6 (-) Takeaway foods 13 (-) Shopping complex 64 (-) Car parking building/area 41 (-) Other commercial 154 (2) Industrial site 1 (-) Private house/farm 360 (6) Other non-commercial 73 (3) Mobile shop or vendor - (-) Other - (-) Totals 766 (12) Unknown facr - (-) TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS 1208 (26) TOTAL ALL FACTORS (756) (Continued) NOTE: The figures in brackets are the number of facrs in fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. See Note 10.

62 CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 61 TABLE 26A: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES WHERE DRIVER ALCOHOL/DRUGS WAS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Crashes with alcohol/drugs Casualties from crashes with alcohol/drugs Fatal Injury Deaths Injuries Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

63 62 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 26B: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES WHERE TRAVELLING TOO FAST FOR CONDITIONS WAS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Crashes with speed Casualties from crashes with speed Fatal Injury Deaths Injuries Year Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent NOTES: The Police Traffic Crash Report form was modified in The o fast for conditions data since this change are not strictly comparable earlier data. Most crashes have a number of contributing causal facrs and many have both alcohol and o fast for conditions. For this reason these tables cannot be added gether give the tal number of crashes with alcohol/drugs and/or o fast for conditions listed as contributing facrs.

64 SECTION 3: TRUCK CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

65 64 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 27: TRUCK CRASHES AND CASUALTIES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER CRASHES CASUALTIES Involving trucks Truck occupants Non truck occupants Year Injury Fatal Total crashes Injured Killed Injured Killed Total casualties FIGURE 18: CASUALTIES FROM TRUCK CRASHES AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES 25 Percent of casualties Injuries Deaths Year

66 TRUCK CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 65 TABLE 28: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING TRUCKS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTE: This table does not include fatal crashes (see Table 29). TABLE 29: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING TRUCKS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTE: A truck driver can be involved in an accident and escape injury or death. For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

67 66 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 30: CRASHES INVOLVING TRUCKS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am - (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) - (1) - (-) 2 (1) - (-) 6 (2) 1am 1.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (1) - (-) 1 (1) 2am 2.59am - (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 9 (-) 3am 3.59am - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (1) 2 (-) 1 (-) 8 (1) 4am 4.59am 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 7 (-) 5am 5.59am 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (1) 2 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 9 (1) 6am 6.59am 4 (-) 1 (2) 7 (-) 6 (-) 5 (1) 2 (-) 1 (-) 26 (3) 7am 7.59am 6 (-) 7 (1) 11 (1) 6 (-) 10 (-) 4 (-) 2 (-) 46 (2) 8am 8.59am 8 (-) 14 (-) 5 (-) 17 (-) 10 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 55 (1) 9am 9.59am 10 (-) 8 (-) 10 (1) 4 (1) 5 (-) 3 (1) 1 (-) 41 (3) 10am 10.59am 10 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) 7 (1) 9 (1) 3 (-) 2 (-) 44 (2) 11am 11.59am 8 (-) 12 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) 3 (1) 6 (1) 1 (-) 43 (2) noon 12.59am 3 (1) 16 (1) 8 (2) 4 (-) 11 (-) 5 (1) 6 (-) 53 (5) 1pm 1.59pm 11 (3) 6 (-) 8 (1) 5 (-) 8 (1) 3 (1) 2 (-) 43 (6) 2pm 2.59pm 9 (-) 12 (-) 13 (2) 6 (1) 10 (3) 2 (-) 4 (-) 56 (6) 3pm 3.59pm 9 (1) 11 (-) 10 (-) 11 (-) 9 (-) 5 (-) 1 (1) 56 (2) 4pm 4.59pm 5 (-) 4 (1) 9 (-) 5 (1) 5 (-) 1 (-) - (1) 29 (3) 5pm 5.59pm 1 (-) 5 (-) 3 (-) 4 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 17 (-) 6pm 6.59pm 1 (-) 4 (-) 3 (1) 3 (-) 4 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 19 (1) 7pm 7.59pm - (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 11 (-) 8pm 8.59pm 2 (-) 1 (-) - (1) 2 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (1) 6 (2) 9pm 9.59pm 1 (1) - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (1) 10pm 10.59pm - (-) 1 (-) - (1) - (-) 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (1) 11pm 11.59pm 1 (-) 1 (1) 1 (-) - (-) 3 (-) - (-) - (-) 6 (1) Unknown time 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) TOTALS 92 (6) 119 (6) 114 (11) 93 (5) 109 (9) 50 (6) 28 (3) 605 (46) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal accidents and are not included in the adjacent tals.

68 SECTION 4: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

69 68 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 31: MOTORCYCLE RIDER AND PILLION CASUALTIES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Morcycle riders Morcycle pillions Total casualties Year Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed NOTE: See Note 13.

70 MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 69 TABLE 32: MOTORCYCLIST CRASH AND CASUALTY RATES HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Morcycles Per 10,000 on road morcycles Year Morcycles* New registrations Crashes Crashes Injuries Fatalities *NOTE: Morcycles: See Note 16 for details. From 1998 (the first full year with Continuous Vehicle Licensing) morcycle numbers include registered morcycles and mopeds but exclude those with an exempt or resration licence. From morcycle numbers are estimates. Prior 1986 morcycle numbers were derived from annual licence transactions.

71 70 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 19: MOTORCYCLISTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES 25 Percent of casualties Injuries Deaths Year FIGURE 20: PERCENTAGE OF MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES BY AGE AND SEX 16 Percent of casualties Female Male Age

72 MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 71 TABLE 33: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTE: This table does not include fatal crashes (see Table 34). TABLE 34: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTES: A morcyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death. For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

73 72 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 35: CRASHES INVOLVING MOTORCYCLISTS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 5 (-) 13 (-) 1am 1.59am - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 6 (-) 2am 2.59am - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 3am 3.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 4am 4.59am 1 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 5am 5.59am 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 9 (-) 6am 6.59am 2 (-) 4 (3) 4 (-) 1 (-) 4 (1) - (-) 3 (-) 18 (4) 7am 7.59am 10 (-) 9 (-) 11 (-) 13 (1) 8 (-) 4 (-) - (-) 55 (1) 8am 8.59am 11 (-) 11 (-) 10 (-) 11 (-) 14 (-) 4 (-) 4 (-) 65 (-) 9am 9.59am 6 (-) 8 (-) 8 (-) 9 (-) 5 (-) 7 (-) 5 (1) 48 (1) 10am 10.59am 2 (-) 10 (-) 4 (1) 6 (-) 10 (-) 11 (-) 13 (-) 56 (1) 11am 11.59am 7 (-) 6 (-) 3 (1) 5 (-) 9 (-) 13 (-) 17 (1) 60 (2) noon 12.59am 5 (1) 7 (-) 7 (2) 7 (-) 13 (1) 20 (2) 12 (-) 71 (6) 1pm 1.59pm 8 (1) 7 (-) 9 (-) 8 (1) 12 (-) 15 (1) 18 (-) 77 (3) 2pm 2.59pm 8 (-) 9 (-) 8 (2) 10 (-) 11 (-) 12 (1) 12 (-) 70 (3) 3pm 3.59pm 14 (-) 11 (-) 13 (-) 11 (-) 12 (1) 20 (-) 11 (1) 92 (2) 4pm 4.59pm 17 (-) 11 (-) 9 (3) 15 (-) 18 (2) 15 (1) 16 (-) 101 (6) 5pm 5.59pm 19 (1) 23 (1) 24 (-) 25 (-) 15 (-) 9 (1) 8 (-) 123 (3) 6pm 6.59pm 14 (-) 9 (1) 19 (-) 11 (-) 20 (-) 17 (-) 12 (-) 102 (1) 7pm 7.59pm 8 (-) 6 (-) 2 (1) 4 (-) 9 (1) - (-) 7 (-) 36 (2) 8pm 8.59pm 6 (-) 6 (-) 4 (-) 15 (-) 6 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 46 (-) 9pm 9.59pm 3 (-) 5 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) 7 (-) 3 (1) 3 (-) 30 (1) 10pm 10.59pm 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 15 (-) 11pm 11.59pm 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 4 (1) - (1) 13 (2) Unknown time 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (1) 3 (1) 8 (2) TOTALS 145 (3) 150 (5) 147 (10) 168 (2) 182 (6) 173 (9) 160 (5) 1125 (40) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. FIGURE 21: MOTORCYCLE CASUALTIES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 2.5 Percent of casualties Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

74 SECTION 5: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

75 74 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 36: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Per population Year Population Injured Killed Injured Killed NOTE: Population from 1997 on is from Statistics INFOSHARE DPE group. FIGURE 22: PEDAL CYCLISTS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES Percent of casualties Injuries Deaths Year

76 PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 75 TABLE 37: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS BY AGE GROUPS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Per population Age group Population Injured Killed Injured Killed Under and over Unknown age TOTAL NOTE: Population is the resident population as at 30 June. Statistics NZ INFOSHARE DAE group. FIGURE 23: PERCENTAGE OF PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES BY AGE AND GENDER Percent of casualties Female Male Age

77 76 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 38: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes As a % of all injury crashes Number during darkness Number of injury crashes Total number of injury crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTE: This table does not include fatal crashes (see Table 39). TABLE 39: MOVEMENT CLASSIFICATION OF FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLISTS ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA Movement classification Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes As a % of all fatal crashes Number during darkness Number of fatal crashes Total number of fatal crashes Overtaking or lane change Head on (not overtaking) LOSS CONTROL OR OFF ROAD: On straight While cornering Collision with obstruction Rear end INTERSECTIONS OR DRIVEWAYS: Turning versus same direction Crossing no turns Crossing vehicle turning Vehicles merging Right turn against Vehicle manoeuvring Pedestrian crossing road Pedestrian other Miscellaneous TOTALS NOTE: A pedal cyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death. For movement classification see Note 9. For area classification see Note 11.

78 PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 77 TABLE 40: CRASHES INVOLVING PEDAL CYCLISTS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1am 1.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 2am 2.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 3am 3.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 4am 4.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 5am 5.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 3 (-) 6am 6.59am 3 (-) 3 (-) 6 (-) 5 (-) 6 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 24 (-) 7am 7.59am 16 (-) 15 (-) 21 (-) 14 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) 78 (-) 8am 8.59am 20 (-) 14 (-) 25 (-) 16 (-) 21 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 103 (-) 9am 9.59am 1 (-) 8 (-) 6 (1) 6 (1) 11 (-) 10 (2) 8 (-) 50 (4) 10am 10.59am 5 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 11 (-) 11 (-) 45 (-) 11am 11.59am 1 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) 6 (-) 4 (-) 15 (-) 5 (-) 40 (-) noon 12.59am 4 (-) 5 (-) 6 (-) 7 (-) 4 (-) 10 (-) 3 (1) 39 (1) 1pm 1.59pm 7 (-) 4 (-) 7 (-) 4 (-) 6 (-) 3 (-) 3 (-) 34 (-) 2pm 2.59pm 7 (-) 4 (-) 3 (-) 5 (-) 8 (-) 11 (-) 4 (-) 42 (-) 3pm 3.59pm 13 (-) 13 (-) 11 (-) 12 (-) 12 (-) 6 (-) 4 (-) 71 (-) 4pm 4.59pm 10 (-) 18 (1) 12 (-) 13 (-) 11 (-) 6 (-) 5 (-) 75 (1) 5pm 5.59pm 17 (-) 18 (-) 18 (-) 18 (-) 6 (-) 7 (-) 5 (-) 89 (-) 6pm 6.59pm 4 (1) 14 (-) 11 (-) 7 (1) 3 (-) 3 (-) - (-) 42 (2) 7pm 7.59pm 3 (-) 5 (-) 6 (-) 5 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 27 (-) 8pm 8.59pm 3 (-) 4 (-) - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 2 (-) 15 (-) 9pm 9.59pm 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (-) - (-) - (-) 8 (-) 10pm 10.59pm 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (-) 11pm 11.59pm - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) Unknown time 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (-) TOTALS 118 (1) 140 (1) 140 (1) 132 (2) 111 (-) 97 (2) 59 (1) 797 (8) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. FIGURE 24: PEDAL CYCLIST CASUALTIES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK Percent of casualties Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

79 78 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

80 SECTION 6: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

81 80 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 41: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS HISTORICAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Per population Year Population Injured Killed Injured Killed NOTE: Population from 1997 on is from Statistics NZ INFOSHARE DPE group. FIGURE 25: PEDESTRIANS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL ROAD CRASH CASUALTIES 25 Percent of casualties Injuries Deaths Year

82 PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 81 TABLE 42: PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Per population Age group Population Injured Killed Injured Killed Under and over Unknown age TOTAL NOTE: Population is the resident population as at 30 June. Statistics NZ INFOSHARE DAE group. FIGURE 26: PERCENTAGE OF PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES BY AGE AND SEX 12 Percent of casualties Age Female Male

83 82 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 43: INJURY CRASHES INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA At pedestrian crossing Not at pedestrian crossing Road feature Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark and light Total INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals Sp sign Roundabout Other give way sign Pointsman or school patrol Uncontrolled SUBTOTAL NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge Railway crossing Morway on-off ramp Raised islands Straight road Easy curve Moderate curve Severe curve Not stated SUBTOTAL TOTAL NOTE: For urban/open road classification see Note 11. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 44).

84 PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 83 TABLE 44: FATAL CRASHES INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS BY ROAD FEATURE ON OPEN AND URBAN ROADS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 URBAN ROADS OPEN ROADS UNKNOWN AREA At pedestrian crossing Not at pedestrian crossing Road feature Day Dark Day Dark Day Dark and light Total INTERSECTIONS Controlled by: Traffic signals Sp sign Roundabout Other give way sign Pointsman or school patrol Uncontrolled SUBTOTAL NON-INTERSECTIONS Bridge Railway crossing Morway on-off ramp Raised islands Straight road Easy curve Moderate curve Severe curve Not stated SUBTOTAL TOTAL NOTE: For urban/open road classification see Note 11.

85 84 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 45: CRASHES INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) - (-) - (-) 5 (1) 4 (-) 12 (1) 1am 1.59am - (-) 2 (-) 1 (1) 1 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 10 (1) 2am 2.59am - (-) - (1) - (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 3 (-) 6 (1) 3am 3.59am - (-) - (-) - (-) - (1) - (1) 1 (-) 3 (-) 4 (2) 4am 4.59am - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 3 (1) 6 (1) 5am 5.59am - (-) - (-) - (1) 1 (-) - (-) 1 (-) - (-) 2 (1) 6am 6.59am 1 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) - (-) 10 (-) 7am 7.59am 6 (-) 7 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 26 (-) 8am 8.59am 17 (-) 9 (-) 10 (-) 18 (-) 14 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) 70 (-) 9am 9.59am 6 (-) 10 (-) 8 (1) 10 (-) 7 (-) 7 (-) - (-) 48 (1) 10am 10.59am 5 (-) 8 (-) 9 (1) 8 (1) 7 (-) 5 (-) 2 (-) 44 (2) 11am 11.59am 5 (-) 5 (-) 7 (-) 9 (1) 7 (-) 8 (-) 6 (-) 47 (1) noon 12.59am 5 (-) 7 (-) 5 (1) 3 (-) 7 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) 40 (1) 1pm 1.59pm 6 (-) 9 (-) 9 (1) 4 (-) 11 (1) 4 (-) 5 (-) 48 (2) 2pm 2.59pm 8 (-) 9 (-) 9 (-) 14 (1) 6 (-) 4 (1) 8 (-) 58 (2) 3pm 3.59pm 7 (-) 14 (-) 16 (-) 17 (-) 21 (-) 8 (-) 7 (-) 90 (-) 4pm 4.59pm 14 (-) 8 (1) 9 (-) 12 (1) 9 (-) 4 (-) 3 (-) 59 (2) 5pm 5.59pm 11 (-) 13 (-) 13 (1) 11 (1) 7 (-) 8 (-) 4 (1) 67 (3) 6pm 6.59pm 4 (-) 10 (-) 7 (-) 9 (-) 7 (-) 2 (1) 3 (1) 42 (2) 7pm 7.59pm 2 (-) 5 (-) 9 (1) 5 (1) 5 (-) 3 (-) 4 (-) 33 (2) 8pm 8.59pm 4 (1) 5 (-) 1 (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 3 (1) 24 (2) 9pm 9.59pm 2 (-) 3 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) 2 (2) 3 (-) 1 (-) 14 (2) 10pm 10.59pm 2 (-) - (1) 3 (-) 1 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 1 (1) 12 (2) 11pm 11.59pm 1 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 1 (-) 5 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) 17 (-) Unknown time 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) 1 (-) 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) 10 (-) TOTALS 109 (1) 131 (3) 132 (8) 140 (7) 129 (4) 86 (3) 72 (5) 799 (31) NOTE: The figures in brackets are fatal crashes and are not included in the adjacent tals. FIGURE 27: PERCENTAGE OF PEDESTRIAN CASUALTIES BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 3 Percent of casualties Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day / Hour

86 SECTION 7: LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES

87 86 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 46: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES BY POPULATION CENTRE* YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Local body name Population (000) Injury crashes Fatal crashes Total injuries Total deaths Crashes per 10,000 population Casualties per 10,000 Population CITIES Auckland Hamiln Tauranga Napier Palmersn North Porirua Upper Hutt Hutt Wellingn Nelson Christchurch Dunedin DISTRICTS Far North Whangarei Kaipara Thames Coromandel Hauraki Waika Matamata-Piako Waipa Orohanga South Waika Waimo Taupo Western Bay of Plenty Rorua Whakatane Kawerau Opotiki Gisborne Wairoa Hastings Central Hawkes Bay New Plymouth Stratford South Taranaki Ruapehu Whanganui Rangitikei Manawatu Tararua Horowhenua Kapiti Coast (Continued) NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. Populations are resident populations from SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group.

88 LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 87 TABLE 46: CRASHES AND CASUALTIES BY POPULATION CENTRE* YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Local body name Population (000) Injury crashes Fatal crashes Total injuries Total deaths Crashes per 10,000 population Casualties per 10,000 Population DISTRICTS Mastern Cartern South Wairarapa Tasman Marlborough Kaikoura Buller Grey Westland Hurunui Waimakariri Selwyn Ashburn Timaru Mackenzie Waimate Chatham Island Waitaki Central Otago Queenswn-Lakes Clutha Southland Gore Invercargill NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. Populations are resident populations from SNZ INFOSHARE DPE group.

89 88 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 47: PEDESTRIAN, MOTORCYCLE AND PEDAL CYCLE CRASHES BY POPULATION CENTRE * YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Number of crashes Local body name Pedestrians Morcyclists Pedal cyclists CITIES Auckland 311 (10) 345 (6) 189 (1) Hamiln 25 (-) 38 (1) 47 (-) Tauranga 24 (-) 42 (-) 27 (-) Napier 7 (-) 17 (-) 18 (-) Palmersn North 21 (-) 23 (-) 36 (-) Porirua 8 (-) 6 (1) 4 (-) Upper Hutt 7 (-) 5 (-) 4 (-) Hutt 15 (-) 17 (-) 13 (-) Wellingn 58 (-) 58 (-) 61 (1) Nelson 14 (-) 12 (1) 20 (-) Christchurch 82 (1) 107 (1) 138 (3) Dunedin 27 (1) 14 (-) 27 (-) DISTRICTS Far North 4 (1) 16 (2) 3 (-) Whangarei 17 (2) 19 (1) 11 (-) Kaipara 4 (-) 7 (1) 1 (-) Thames Coromandel 3 (-) 8 (-) 4 (-) Hauraki 2 (-) 7 (-) 2 (-) Waika 10 (-) 23 (-) 3 (1) Matamata-Piako 2 (1) 11 (1) 2 (-) Waipa 7 (-) 12 (1) 10 (-) Orohanga - (-) 2 (1) - (-) South Waika 5 (-) 4 (1) - (-) Waimo 2 (-) 3 (-) 1 (-) Taupo 4 (-) 15 (-) 6 (1) Western Bay of Plenty 1 (1) 14 (-) 1 (-) Rorua 14 (3) 14 (1) 10 (-) Whakatane 3 (-) 7 (-) 6 (-) Kawerau - (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) Opotiki 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) Gisborne 9 (-) 10 (-) 15 (-) Wairoa 1 (-) 1 (-) 1 (-) Hastings 14 (1) 25 (-) 19 (-) Central Hawkes Bay 1 (-) 1 (1) 1 (-) New Plymouth 6 (-) 21 (-) 23 (-) Stratford 3 (-) 6 (-) 2 (-) South Taranaki - (-) 10 (1) 1 (-) Ruapehu - (-) 7 (-) - (-) Whanganui 6 (1) 10 (1) 9 (-) Rangitikei 2 (-) 6 (1) 1 (-) Manawatu 2 (-) 7 (-) 1 (-) Tararua - (-) 9 (-) 1 (-) Horowhenua 6 (1) 7 (-) 4 (-) (Continued) NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. The figures in brackets are fatal accidents and are not included in the adjacent tals. A pedal cyclist or a morcyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death.

90 LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 89 TABLE 47: PEDESTRIAN, MOTORCYCLE AND PEDAL CYCLE CRASHES BY POPULATION CENTRE * YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Number of crashes Local body name Pedestrians Morcyclists Pedal cyclists DISTRICTS Kapiti Coast 8 (1) 10 (-) 5 (-) Mastern 2 (-) 5 (1) 4 (-) Cartern 1 (-) 2 (-) 1 (-) South Wairarapa 4 (-) 5 (1) 1 (-) Tasman 5 (-) 18 (3) 7 (-) Marlborough 2 (1) 14 (1) 8 (-) Kaikoura 1 (-) 2 (-) - (-) Buller 1 (-) 5 (1) 2 (-) Grey 2 (-) 6 (-) - (-) Westland - (-) 4 (2) 1 (-) Hurunui - (-) 5 (1) 2 (-) Waimakariri 5 (2) 13 (1) 5 (-) Selwyn 1 (1) 10 (3) 5 (-) Ashburn 2 (-) 4 (1) - (-) Timaru 4 (2) 6 (-) 4 (1) Mackenzie 2 (-) 2 (-) - (-) Waimate - (-) 1 (-) - (-) Chatham Island - (-) - (-) - (-) Waitaki 2 (-) 3 (1) 6 (-) Central Otago 2 (-) 8 (-) 2 (-) Queenswn-Lakes 4 (1) 6 (1) 7 (-) Clutha 1 (-) 9 (-) - (-) Southland 4 (-) 5 (-) - (-) Gore 4 (-) 1 (-) - (-) Invercargill 14 (-) 11 (-) 13 (-) NOTE: * Morways are included in the adjacent population centre. The figures in brackets are fatal accidents and are not included in the adjacent tals. A pedal cyclist or a morcyclist can be involved in a crash and escape injury or death.

91 90 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 48: LOCAL BODY CRASHES AND CASUALTIES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER City 2013 casualties Local body names Fatal injuries Serious injuries Minor injuries Total casualties Auckland Hamiln Tauranga Napier Palmersn North Porirua Upper Hutt Hutt Wellingn Nelson Christchurch Dunedin Total Continued on opposite page.

92 LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 91 TABLE 48: LOCAL BODY CRASHES AND CASUALTIES YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER District Number of crashes Year crash happened Local body names Fatal injuries 2013 casualties Serious injuries Minor injuries Total casualties Far North Whangarei Kaipara Thames Coromandel Hauraki Waika Matamata-Piako Waipa Orohanga South Waika Waimo Taupo Western Bay of Plenty Rorua Whakatane Kawerau Opotiki Gisborne Wairoa Hastings Central Hawke s Bay New Plymouth Stratford South Taranaki Ruapehu Whanganui Rangitikei Manawatu Tararua Horowhenua Kapiti Coast Mastern Cartern South Wairarapa Tasman Marlborough Kaikoura Buller Grey Westland Hurunui Waimakariri Selwyn Ashburn Timaru Mackenzie Waimate Chatham Islands Waitaki Central Otago Queenswn-Lakes Clutha Southland Gore Invercargill Totals

93 92 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 28: 2013 TOTAL CASUALTIES Key 500 or more

94 LOCAL BODY CASUALTIES AND CRASHES 93 FIGURE 29: 2013 CASUALTIES PER 10,000 POPULATION Key 80 or more

95 94 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

96 SECTION 8: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES

97 96 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 49: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL CRASHES BY AGE AND VEHICLE TYPE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Number Percent male Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Number Percent Number Percent Number male male Percent male and over Unknown TOTAL NOTE: Columns do not always add the tal as there are other vehicle types such as buses not included separately in the table. TABLE 50: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN INJURY CRASHES BY AGE AND VEHICLE TYPE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Number Percent male Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Number Percent Number Percent Number male male Percent male and over Unknown TOTAL NOTE: Columns do not always add the tal as there are other vehicle types such as buses not included separately in the table. Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 49).

98 DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 97 TABLE 51: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL CRASHES BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year years years years years years 60 years and over Unknown and other Total TABLE 52: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN INJURY CRASHES BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year years years years years years 60 years and over Unknown and other Total NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 51).

99 98 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 30: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS BY AGE AND SEX FOR FATAL CRASHES 16 Percent of drivers Age Female Male 80+ FIGURE 31: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS BY AGE AND SEX FOR INJURY CRASHES Female Male Percent of drivers Age

100 DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 99 FIGURE 32: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS FATAL CRASHES years years 60 years and over Percent Year FIGURE 33: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS IN SELECTED AGE GROUPS INJURY CRASHES Percent years years 60 years and over Year

101 100 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 53: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL CRASHES BY AGE GROUP AND SEX YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year years Percent male years Percent male 60 years and over Percent male Total Percent male TABLE 54: CAR AND VAN DRIVERS INVOLVED IN INJURY CRASHES BY AGE GROUP AND SEX YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Year years Percent male years Percent male 60 years and over Percent male Total Percent male NOTE: Fatal crashes are not included in this table (see Table 53).

102 DRIVERS INVOLVED IN REPORTED INJURY CRASHES 101 FIGURE 34: MALE DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS ALL AGES 90 Fatal crashes Injury crashes 80 Percent Year FIGURE 35: MALE DRIVERS AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL CRASH INVOLVED CAR DRIVERS YOUNG DRIVERS YEARS 90 Fatal crashes Injury crashes 80 Percent Year

103 102 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 55: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED DRIVERS WITH ALCOHOL/DRUGS RECORDED AS A FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Fatal crashes Injury crashes Age group years Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Car/van Truck Morcycle Total and over Total NOTE: Where the number of drivers is less than 20 the percentage is not calculated. TABLE 56: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED DRIVERS WITH TOO FAST FOR CONDITIONS RECORDED AS A FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Fatal crashes Injury crashes Age group years Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Car/van Truck Morcycle Total and over Total NOTE: Where the number of drivers is less than 20 the percentage is not calculated. TABLE 57: PERCENTAGE OF CRASH INVOLVED DRIVERS WITH FAILED TO GIVE WAY OR STOP RECORDED AS A FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Fatal crashes Injury crashes Age group years Car/van Truck Morcycle Total Car/van Truck Morcycle Total and over Total NOTE: Where the number of drivers is less than 20 the percentage is not calculated.

104 SECTION 9: ETHNICITY

105 104 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 TABLE 58: DRIVERS INVOLVED IN CRASHES BY ETHNIC GROUP AND CRASH SEVERITY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 CRASH SEVERITY Fatal Serious injury Minor injury Total Ethnic group Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Asian European Maori Pacific Other SUBTOTAL (known ethnicity) Unknown TOTAL NOTE: The Traffic Crash Report form was modified during 2001 allow the police record ethnicity data for those involved in road crashes. The new form was introduced progressively during the year so the first full year of ethnicity data is The percentages in the table show each ethnic group as a percentage of drivers of known ethnicity. TABLE 59: CASUALTIES FROM CRASHES BY ETHNIC GROUP AND CRASH SEVERITY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 INJURY SEVERITY Fatal Serious injury Minor injury Total Ethnic group Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Number % of known Asian European Maori Pacific Other SUBTOTAL (known ethnicity) Unknown TOTAL NOTE: The Traffic Crash Report form was modified during 2001 allow the police record ethnicity data for those involved in road crashes. The new form was introduced progressively during the year so the first full year of ethnicity data is The percentages in the table show each ethnic group as a percentage of casualties of known ethnicity.

106 NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS

107 106 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

108 NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 107 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Age and type of road user hospitalised 110 Table 2 Number of days stay by age and type of road user hospitalised 111 Table 3 Average number of days stay by age and type of road user hospitalised 112 FIGURES Figure 1 Deaths from mor vehicle crashes as a percentage of all deaths for selected age group 108 Figure 2 Hospital discharges from mor vehicle crashes (by length of stay in hospital) 108 Figure 3 Hospital discharges from mor vehicle crashes (readmissions not included) 109 Figure 4 Total days stay in hospital resulting from mor vehicle crashes 109 Figure 5 Number of hospitalisations from road crashes by age and sex 110 Figure 6 Total days stay in hospital from road crashes by age and sex 111 Figure 7 Hospitalisations and days stay by road user type 112 Figure 8 Number of pedal cyclists hospitalised from non-mor vehicle crashes 113 Figure 9 Days stay in hospital for pedal cyclists injured in non-mor vehicle crashes 113 NOTES 1. The material presented in this section is derived from data provided by the New Zealand Health Information Service, Ministry of Health. 2. The data includes those who, as a result of a mor vehicle crash, were injured seriously enough be admitted hospital. (Figures 8 and 9 show data for cyclists who were injured in non-mor vehicle crashes. These casualties are not included in the Ministry of Transport s data base which records primarily mor vehicle crashes.) The data presented includes only those discharged during the 2013 calendar year. 3. Casualties who are readmitted for further treatment are included only once in the casualty count, but their tal stay in hospital is recorded.

109 108 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 1: DEATHS FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES AS A PERCENTAGE OF ALL DEATHS FOR SELECTED AGE GROUP (2010) 35 Percent Male Female Age FIGURE 2: HOSPITAL DISCHARGES FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES (BY LENGTH OF STAY IN HOSPITAL) Discharges Total discharges Over 1 day in hospital Over 3 days in hospital Year

110 NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 109 FIGURE 3: HOSPITAL DISCHARGES FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES (READMISSIONS NOT INCLUDED) Discharges Year FIGURE 4: TOTAL DAYS STAY IN HOSPITAL RESULTING FROM MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES Days stay in hospital Year

111 110 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: AGE AND TYPES OF ROAD USERS HOSPITALISED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcyclists Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users (1) TOTAL casualties Under and over TOTALS NOTE: (1) Includes unknown. SOURCE: Ministry of Health. FIGURE 5: NUMBER OF HOSPITALISATIONS FROM ROAD CRASHES BY AGE AND SEX Female Male Hospitalisations Age

112 NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 111 TABLE 2: NUMBER OF DAYS STAY BY AGE AND TYPE OF ROAD USER HOSPITALISED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcyclists Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users (1) TOTAL casualties Under and over TOTALS NOTE: (1) Includes unknown. SOURCE: Ministry of Health. FIGURE 6: TOTAL DAYS STAY IN HOSPITAL FROM ROAD CRASHES BY AGE AND SEX Days Stay Female Male Age

113 112 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 3: AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS STAY BY AGE AND TYPE OF ROAD USER HOSPITALISED YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Age group years Drivers Passengers Morcyclists Pedal cyclists Pedestrians Other road users (1) TOTAL casualties Under and over TOTALS NOTE: (1) Includes unknown. Average days stay are not calculated when there are fewer than 20 individuals. SOURCE: Ministry of Health. FIGURE 7: HOSPITALISATIONS AND DAYS STAY BY ROAD USER TYPE 3,000 2,500 Hospitalisations Days stay 12,000 10,000 Hospitalisations 2,000 1,500 1,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 Days stay 500 2,000 0 Driver Passenger Morcyclist Pedestrian Cyclist Other 0

114 NATIONAL HEALTH STATISTICS FOR ROAD USERS 113 FIGURE 8: NUMBER OF PEDAL CYCLISTS HOSPITALISED FROM NON-MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES Hospitalisations In 2013 there were 1017 cyclists discharged from hospital as a result of non mor vehicle traffic crashes. 71% were males. Female Male Age FIGURE 9: DAYS STAY IN HOSPITAL FOR PEDAL CYCLISTS INJURED IN NON-MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES Days stay Pedal cyclists from non mor vehicle traffic crashes spent a tal of 2269 days in hospital. 69% were for males. Female Male Age

115 114 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

116 BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS

117 116 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

118 BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 117 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Number of alcohol offenders by age group and sex 119 Table 2 Alcohol offenders by month and crash involvement 120 Table 3 Alcohol offenders by time of day and day of week 121 Table 4 Alcohol offenders by road type and weekend/non-weekend 122 Table 5 Alcohol level by driver age 122 Table 6 Age of male offenders by breath test result 124 Table 7 Age of female offenders by breath test result 124 Table 8 Age of male offenders by blood alcohol level 125 Table 9 Age of female offenders by blood alcohol level 125 FIGURES Figure 1 Number of alcohol offenders by age group and sex 119 Figure 2 Number of alcohol offenders by month of the year 120 Figure 3 Alcohol offenders by time of day and day of week 121 Figure 4 Number of offenders by alcohol level and age 123 Figure 5 Number of offenders by alcohol level and sex 123

119 118 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 NOTES 1. Data The data in this section includes alcohol offences recorded by police. There can be several alcohol offence codes related a single incident. For the following tables and graphs, offenders are counted only once for each incident. Any offence records for the same individual that occur within the same hour are treated as a single incident. Not all the offences reported here will result in a successful prosecution. 2. Limits and testing procedure As from December 1988 the legal breath alcohol level was lowered from 500 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath. From 1 April 1993, for those aged under 20 years, the legal breath alcohol limit was lowered 150 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath and the legal blood alcohol level was reduced 30mg of alcohol per 100ml of blood. From 7 August 2011 the legal breath and blood alcohol limits, for drivers under 20 years, have been lowered zero. The procedure is: i. A breath screening test is requested. ii. If the screening test is positive or not taken for any reason, the driver is asked accompany the officer a place where an evidential breath or blood test may be taken. iii. If the evidential breath test: (a) is not taken for any reason, then a blood sample is requested by the officer. (b) gives a reading of not over 400 micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath (above zero for those under 20 years), then the test is considered negative and no blood sample is requested. (c) gives a reading of over 400 (zero for those under 20 years), then the driver, after being advised of his/her rights, decides whether accept the reading and subsequent court action or request a blood sample. Refusing a blood sample when requested by an officer, or a result over the legal limit, normally results in court charges.

120 BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 119 FIGURE 1: NUMBER OF ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY AGE GROUP AND SEX 6000 Alcohol offenders Female Male Age group TABLE 1: NUMBER OF ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY AGE AND SEX YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Age group Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female and over Unknown age Total NOTE: In 2013 there were 50 cases where sex was not recorded.

121 120 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY MONTH AND CRASH INVOLVEMENT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Month Fatal crash Injury crash Non-injury crash Did not crash Total January February March April May June July August September Ocber November December Total FIGURE 2: NUMBER OF ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY MONTH OF THE YEAR 2500 Number of Offenders Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

122 BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 121 TABLE 3: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Time of day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTALS Midnight 12.59am am 1.59am am 2.59am am 3.59am am 4.59am am 5.59am am 6.59am am 7.59am am 8.59am am 9.59am am 10.59am am 11.59am noon 12.59am pm 1.59pm pm 2.59pm pm 3.59pm pm 4.59pm pm 5.59pm pm 6.59pm pm 7.59pm pm 8.59pm pm 9.59pm pm 10.59pm pm 11.59pm Unknown TOTALS FIGURE 3: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY TIME OF DAY AND DAY OF WEEK 1200 Number of Offenders Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day labels at 12 noon Day / Hour

123 122 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 4: ALCOHOL OFFENDERS BY ROAD TYPE AND WEEKEND/NON-WEEKEND YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Weekday Weekend Total Open road State Highway Non-State Highway Open Road Subtal Urban State Highway Non-State Highway Urban Subtal Speed limit unspecified Total TABLE 5: ALCOHOL LEVEL BY DRIVER AGE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Alcohol level (1) Age group No value Over 350 Refused Total and over Unknown age Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. Breath test results have been converted a blood equivalent eg breath reading of 400 micrograms per litre is equivalent a blood reading of 80 milligrams per 100 millilitres.

124 BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 123 FIGURE 4: NUMBER OF OFFENDERS BY ALCOHOL LEVEL AND AGE Under years or older Offenders Over 350 Alcohol Level ( blood equivalent - mg/100mls) FIGURE 5: NUMBER OF OFFENDERS BY ALCOHOL LEVEL AND SEX Female Male Offenders Over 350 Alcohol Level ( blood equivalent - mg/100mls)

125 124 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 6: AGE OF MALE OFFENDERS BY BREATH TEST RESULT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Evidential breath test levels (1) Age group No value (2) Over 1000 Total and over Unknown age Total NOTE: (1) In micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath. (2) Most will have blood test results (see Table 8). TABLE 7: AGE OF FEMALE OFFENDERS BY BREATH TEST RESULT YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Evidential breath test levels (1) Age group No value (2) Over 1000 Total and over Unknown age Total NOTE: (1) In micrograms of alcohol per litre of breath. (2) Most will have blood test results (see Table 9).

126 BREATH AND BLOOD ALCOHOL STATISTICS 125 TABLE 8: AGE OF MALE OFFENDERS BY BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol test levels (1) Age group No value (2) Over 350 Refused Total and over Unknown age Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. (2) Most will have breath test results (see Table 6). TABLE 9: AGE OF FEMALE OFFENDERS BY BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol test levels (1) Age group No value (2) Over 350 Refused Total and over Unknown age Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood.(2) Most will have breath test results (see Table 7).

127 126 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

128 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS

129 128 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

130 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 129 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by age group 131 Table 2 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by time of day 132 Table 3 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by day of week 133 Table 4 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by month 134 Table 5 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by type of crash 135 Table 6 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by type of vehicle 136 Table 7 Blood alcohol for fatally injured drivers hisrical 137 FIGURES Figure 1 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers 130 Figure 2 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by age group 131 Figure 3 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by hour of day 132 Figure 4 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by day of week 133 Figure 5 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by month 134 Figure 6 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by crash type 135 Figure 7 Blood alcohol levels of fatally injured drivers by vehicle type 136 Figure 8 Number of drivers, number tested for alcohol and percent tested for alcohol 137 Figure 9 Number of dead drivers who had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit 138 Figure 10 Percent of dead drivers who had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit 138

131 130 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 NOTES 1. The data in this section are derived by matching the Ministry of Transport s Traffic Crash Reports with blood alcohol measurements taken as part of post mortem examinations for deceased drivers. 2. In cases where the driver dies at some time after the crash, the blood alcohol level measured in a post mortem examination may be different that present at the time of the crash. SUMMARY 1. Of the 164 drivers/riders who died in road crashes in 2013, 138 (84 percent) were given a blood test detect the presence of alcohol. 2. Thirty five drivers had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit. That is, 25 percent of those tested and at least 21 percent of the tal number of dead drivers were above the legal limit. 3. A number of those not tested may also have had a blood alcohol level above the legal limit, so the percentage of dead drivers who were above the legal limit is likely be higher than 21 percent. An estimate of the number of untested drivers who may have been above the legal limit can be made by assuming that the alcohol involvement rate for untested drivers with alcohol suspected is the same as that for the tested drivers with alcohol suspected, and similarly for drivers with alcohol not suspected. For 2013 this estimate gives a further six drivers likely be above the legal limit. Hence, based on the above assumptions, and the available data, a likely estimate is that about 23 percent of all dead drivers were above the legal blood alcohol limit. FIGURE 1: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER Blood alcohol levels are available for 84% of the 164 drivers killed in road crashes. 99 drivers had a BAC of 30mg/100ml or less. Drivers Blood Alcohol (mg / 100ml of blood)

132 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 131 TABLE 1: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY AGE GROUP YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Age group No value Over 350 Total and over Unknown age Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 2: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY AGE GROUP 50 Drivers No value Under legal limit Over legal limit Age

133 132 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY TIME OF DAY YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Time of day No value Midnight 12.59am am 1.59am am 2.59am am 3.59am am 4.59am am 5.59am am 6.59am am 7.59am am 8.59am am 9.59am am 10.59am am 11.59am noon 12.59am pm 1.59pm pm 2.59pm pm 3.59pm pm 4.59pm pm 5.59pm pm 6.59pm pm 7.59pm pm 8.59pm pm 9.59pm pm 10.59pm pm 11.59pm Total Over 350 Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 3: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY HOUR OF DAY 20 Drivers No value Under legal limit Over legal limit Hour of day

134 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 133 TABLE 3: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY DAY OF WEEK YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Day of week No value Over 350 Total Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 4: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY DAY OF WEEK Drivers No value Under legal limit Over legal limit 10 0 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Day of week

135 134 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 4: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY MONTH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Month No value Over 350 Total January February March April May June July August September Ocber November December Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 5: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY MONTH 30 Drivers No value Under legal limit Over legal limit 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

136 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 135 TABLE 5: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY TYPE OF CRASH YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Crash type No value Over 350 Total Overtaking Head-on collision Lost control straight Lost control cornering Collision obstruction Rear end collision Turning vehicle same direction Crossing vehicle not turning Crossing vehicle turning Merging traffic Right turn against Manoeuvring Miscellaneous Total NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. FIGURE 6: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY CRASH TYPE Overtaking Head-on collision Lost control straight Lost control cornering Collision Obstruction Rear-end collision Turning v same direction Over legal limit Under legal limit No value Crossing vehicle not turning Crossing vehicle turning Merging traffic Right turn against Manoeuvring Miscellaneous Drivers

137 136 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 6: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY TYPE OF VEHICLE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2013 Blood alcohol levels (1) Vehicle type No value Over 350 Total Car Morcycle Van (2) Truck Other NOTE: (1) In milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. (2) SUVs are included as vans. FIGURE 7: BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS OF FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS BY VEHICLE TYPE Car Morcycle Van Over legal limit Under legal limit No value Truck Other Drivers

138 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS 137 TABLE 7: BLOOD ALCOHOL FOR FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS HISTORICAL Adjusted for non-testing# Year Number of killed drivers Number tested Percent tested Number over legal limit Percent of drivers over legal limit Percentage of those tested over the limit Best estimate of number over the limit Best estimate of percent over the limit (A) (B) (C) (C/A) (C/B) % % 47% % % % 43% % % % 44% % % % 50% % % % 45% % % 98 27% 41% % % 88 26% 38% % % % 42% % % 78 25% 33% 93 30% % 66 23% 33% 84 30% % 46 15% 21% 63 21% % 56 21% 31% 74 27% % 50 17% 23% 61 21% % 55 20% 31% 58 21% % 44 17% 22% 55 21% % 52 21% 26% 60 24% % 59 23% 31% 70 27% % 57 22% 29% 69 27% % 45 19% 26% 58 25% % 46 20% 26% 54 24% % 56 23% 29% 65 27% % 53 25% 31% 59 28% % 57 24% 30% 66 28% % 59 26% 33% 68 30% % 44 24% 31% 48 26% % 35 19% 27% 49 27% % 35 21% 25% 38 23% NOTE: # This gives the best estimate of the number and percentage of all killed drivers likely have a blood alcohol level over the legal limit after adjusting for the 20 percent or so of drivers that are not tested. See Note 3 in the summary for more detail. FIGURE 8: NUMBER OF DRIVERS, NUMBER TESTED FOR ALCOHOL AND PERCENT TESTED FOR ALCOHOL Percent 100% Number % 60% 40% 20% Percent tested Number of killed drivers Number tested Year % 0

139 138 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012 FIGURE 9: NUMBER OF DEAD DRIVERS WHO HAD A BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL ABOVE THE LEGAL LIMIT 200 Dead Drivers Best estimate of tal number over limit (1) Number tested and over limit Year FIGURE 10: PERCENT OF DEAD DRIVERS WHO HAD A BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL ABOVE THE LEGAL LIMIT 60% 50% Percent 40% 30% 20% Percent of tested drivers over limit Best estimate (1) % Percent of all dead drivers over limit 0% Year NOTE: (1). After adjusting for those drivers who were not tested but may have been over the limit. See Note 3 in the summary for more detail.

140 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS

141 140 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

142 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 141 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 International comparison of death rates 142 Table 2 Type of road user killed 144 Table 3 Deaths per 100,000 population by age group 146 Table 4 Percentage of deaths by age group 147 Table 5 Deaths per 100,000 population by year 149 Table 6 Deaths per 10,000 vehicles by year 150 Table 7 Percentage of deaths by road category 151 FIGURES Figure 1A International comparison of deaths per 100,000 population 143 Figure 1B International comparison of deaths per 10,000 vehicles 143 Figure 2 Road deaths by type of road user for selected countries 145 Figure 3 Age distribution of road deaths for selected countries 148 Figure 4A Percentage of deaths on urban roads 152 Figure 4B Percentage of deaths on morways 152 NOTES 1. The data in this section are derived from data submitted the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD). Only countries that contribute the database are included in this section. 2. More about IRTAD (from about.html) Background In 1988, the OECD Road Transport Research Programme established the International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) as a mechanism for providing an aggregated database, in which international accident and victim as well as exposure data are collected on a continuous basis. The International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group (known as the IRTAD Group) is an on-going working group of the Joint Transport Research Centre of the OECD and the International Transport Forum. It is composed of road safety experts and statisticians from renowned safety research institutes, national road and transport administrations, international organisations, universities, aumobilists associations, morcar industry etc. Its main objectives are contribute international co-operation on road accident data and its analysis. What is IRTAD? IRTAD includes both a database and a working group. The IRTAD database includes accident and traffic data and other safety indicars for 29 countries.

143 142 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF DEATH RATES Country Year Population (thousand) Vehicles (thousand) Vehicles per capita Road deaths Deaths per 100,000 population Deaths per 10,000 vehicles AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM # CAMBODIA CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK # FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY # ICELAND IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN KOREA # LUXEMBOURG NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NORWAY POLAND PORTUGAL SLOVENIA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED KINGDOM USA # NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database. # - Vehicle data for these countries do not include mopeds.

144 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 143 FIGURE 1A: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF DEATHS PER 100,000 POPULATION (2012) Iceland United Kingdom Norway Denmark Sweden Netherlands Ireland Spain Switzerland Japan (2011) Germany Israel (2011) Finland Australia France Canada (2011) Italy Hungary Austria Slovenia Luxembourg Portugal Belgium New Zealand Czech Republic Poland Greece (2011) United States Korea Deaths / 100,000 population FIGURE 1B: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF DEATHS PER 10,000 VEHICLES (2012) Iceland Norway Sweden United Kingdom Netherlands Spain Switzerland Denmark Japan (2011) Finland Germany Ireland Italy Australia Luxembourg Austria France Canada (2011) New Zealand Slovenia Portugal Czech Republic Greece (2011) Belgium United States Israel (2011) Poland Hungary Korea Deaths / 10,000 vehicles

145 144 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 2: TYPE OF ROAD USER KILLED Country Year Vehicle occupants # Morcyclists (including mopeds) Percentage of deaths Pedestrians Cyclists Unknown Total number killed AUSTRALIA % 17% 13% 3% 2% 1301 AUSTRIA % 16% 15% 10% 0% 531 BELGIUM % 13% 14% 9% 6% 767 CAMBODIA % 68% 11% 4% 0% 1966 CANADA % 8% 16% 3% 0% 2006 CZECH REPUBLIC % 13% 22% 11% 0% 742 DENMARK % 14% 19% 13% 0% 167 FINLAND % 11% 11% 7% 0% 255 FRANCE % 23% 13% 4% 0% 3653 GERMANY % 19% 14% 11% 0% 3600 GREECE % 30% 20% 1% 0% 1141 HUNGARY % 11% 26% 14% 0% 605 ICELAND % 0% 22% 0% 0% 9 IRELAND % 12% 18% 5% 0% 162 ISRAEL % 12% 34% 5% 0% 341 ITALY % 26% 15% 8% 1% 3653 JAPAN % 18% 36% 16% 0% 5507 KOREA % 18% 38% 5% 0% 5392 LUXEMBOURG % 15% 18% 0% 0% 34 NETHERLANDS % 13% 11% 26% 1% 562 NEW ZEALAND % 16% 11% 3% 0% 308 NORWAY % 10% 10% 7% 4% 168 POLAND % 10% 32% 8% 0% 3571 PORTUGAL % 23% 22% 4% 0% 718 SLOVENIA % 17% 15% 9% 0% 130 SPAIN % 19% 20% 4% 0% 1903 SWEDEN % 14% 18% 10% 0% 285 SWITZERLAND % 23% 22% 11% 0% 339 UNITED KINGDOM % 18% 24% 7% 0% 1802 USA % 15% 14% 2% 0% NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database. # Includes other road users ie those that do not fit in any other category.

146 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 145 FIGURE 2: ROAD DEATHS BY TYPE OF ROAD USER FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES Cyclists Pedestrians New Zealand Cyclists Pedestrians United States Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants Percent of deaths Percent of deaths Cyclists Pedestrians Cambodia Cyclists Pedestrians Italy Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants Percent of deaths Percent of deaths Cyclists Cyclists Pedestrians Japan Pedestrians Korea Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants Percent of deaths Percent of deaths Cyclists Cyclists Pedestrians Netherlands Pedestrians Denmark Morcyclists Morcyclists Vehicle Occupants Vehicle Occupants Percent of deaths Percent of deaths

147 146 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 3: DEATHS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY AGE GROUP Age group in years Country Year Over 64 All ages AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM CAMBODIA CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN KOREA LUXEMBOURG NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NORWAY POLAND PORTUGAL SLOVENIA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED KINGDOM NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

148 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 147 TABLE 4: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS BY AGE GROUP Age group in years Country Year Over 64 Unknown age AUSTRALIA % 21% 19% 13% 13% 12% 19% 0% AUSTRIA % 20% 14% 9% 14% 11% 29% 0% BELGIUM % 19% 17% 13% 15% 11% 23% 0% CAMBODIA % 33% 26% 12% 11% 6% 4% 0% CANADA % 23% 16% 11% 14% 11% 21% 1% CZECH REPUBLIC % 15% 17% 17% 15% 12% 21% 0% DENMARK % 22% 11% 9% 16% 11% 26% 0% FINLAND % 22% 13% 12% 14% 14% 23% 0% FRANCE % 24% 17% 13% 13% 9% 20% 0% GERMANY % 20% 14% 11% 15% 11% 28% 0% GREECE % 17% 19% 14% 13% 10% 23% 2% HUNGARY ICELAND % 22% 22% 0% 0% 11% 44% 0% IRELAND % 26% 22% 10% 12% 7% 22% 0% ISRAEL % 26% 17% 8% 10% 11% 19% 4% ITALY % 13% 15% 15% 14% 11% 29% 2% JAPAN % 10% 7% 8% 9% 14% 50% 0% KOREA % 8% 9% 11% 18% 17% 34% 0% LUXEMBOURG % 24% 18% 15% 9% 6% 26% 0% NETHERLANDS % 16% 13% 12% 11% 10% 33% 0% NEW ZEALAND % 20% 14% 15% 12% 11% 23% 1% NORWAY % 18% 21% 11% 17% 11% 19% 0% POLAND % 20% 18% 13% 15% 15% 17% 1% PORTUGAL % 10% 16% 15% 15% 14% 27% 1% SLOVENIA % 15% 14% 15% 17% 17% 20% 0% SPAIN % 11% 16% 18% 14% 11% 27% 1% SWEDEN % 18% 15% 12% 17% 12% 25% 0% SWITZERLAND % 13% 9% 9% 19% 13% 27% 0% UNITED KINGDOM % 23% 14% 14% 13% 10% 23% 0% USA % 20% 18% 14% 15% 13% 17% 0% NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

149 148 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 3: AGE DISTRIBUTION OF ROAD DEATHS FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES New Zealand Germany Percent Percent Age group Age group United Kingdom Sweden Percent Percent Age group Age group Japan France Percent Percent Age group Age group United States Korea Percent Percent Age group Age group

150 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 149 TABLE 5: DEATHS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY YEAR Year Country AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM CAMBODIA CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN KOREA LUXEMBOURG NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NORWAY POLAND PORTUGAL SLOVENIA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED KINGDOM USA NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

151 150 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 6: DEATHS PER 10,000 VEHICLES BY YEAR Year Country AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BELGIUM CAMBODIA CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN KOREA LUXEMBOURG NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NORWAY POLAND PORTUGAL SLOVENIA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED KINGDOM USA NOTE: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database.

152 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 151 TABLE 7: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS BY ROAD CATEGORY URBAN ROADS OUTSIDE URBAN AREAS UNKNOWN LOCATION Country Year All urban Morways A-level roads Other Total All unknown Total number killed AUSTRALIA % 64% 1% 1301 AUSTRIA % 10% 33% 29% 72% 0% 531 BELGIUM % 10% 57% 15% 767 CAMBODIA % 70% 7% 1966 CANADA % 17% 51% 21% 2006 CZECH REPUBLIC % 3% 32% 30% 64% 0% 742 DENMARK % 6% 19% 41% 65% 0% 167 FINLAND % 5% 47% 26% 78% 0% 255 FRANCE % 7% 8% 57% 72% 0% 3653 GERMANY % 11% 23% 37% 71% 0% 3600 GREECE % 7% 21% 23% 51% 0% 1141 HUNGARY % 7% 63% 0% 638 ICELAND % 78% 0% 9 IRELAND % 3% 23% 46% 72% 0% 162 ISRAEL % 60% 0% 341 ITALY % 9% 14% 34% 57% 0% 3653 JAPAN % 3% 46% 0% 5507 KOREA % 6% 20% 27% 53% 0% 5392 LUXEMBOURG % 21% 59% 0% 79% 0% 34 NETHERLANDS % 562 NEW ZEALAND % 3% 51% 26% 79% 0% 308 NORWAY % 81% 5% 168 POLAND % 1% 54% 0% 3571 PORTUGAL % 8% 7% 29% 45% 0% 718 SLOVENIA % 15% 18% 35% 68% 0% 130 SPAIN % 4% 76% 0% 1903 SWEDEN % 6% 67% 3% 285 SWITZERLAND % 19% 30% 14% 63% 0% 339 UNITED KINGDOM % 5% 65% 0% 1802 USA % 12% 22% 26% 60% 1% NOTES: Data are for countries that contribute data the International Road Traffic and Accident Database. For New Zealand, A-level roads are State highways excluding morways.

153 152 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 FIGURE 4A: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS ON URBAN ROADS Portugal Japan Greece Korea Poland Italy Israel United States Switzerland Hungary Czech Republic United Kingdom Denmark Australia Slovenia Sweden Germany Austria Ireland France Canada Belgium Spain Cambodia Iceland Finland New Zealand Luxembourg Norway 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% FIGURE 4B: PERCENTAGE OF DEATHS ON MOTORWAYS Luxembourg Switzerland Canada Slovenia United States Netherlands Germany Belgium Austria Italy Portugal Greece Hungary France Sweden Korea Denmark Finland United Kingdom Spain Ireland Czech Republic Japan New Zealand Poland 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

154 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS FOR ROAD DEATHS 153

155 154 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

156 ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS

157 156 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013

158 ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS 157 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 Safety belt wearing rates for front seat adults (percent wearing) 158 Table 2 Safety belt wearing rates for rear seat adults (percent wearing) 158 Table 3 Child restraints in cars (percent wearing) 159 Table 4 Cycle helmet wearing rates (percent wearing) 159 Table 5 Mean open road speeds (km/h) 160 Table 6 85th percentile open road speeds (km/h) 160 Table 7 Mean urban speeds (km/h) 161 Table 8 85th percentile urban speeds (km/h) 161

159 158 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: SAFETY BELT WEARING RATES FOR FRONT SEAT ADULTS (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey in The next survey is scheduled for In the survey carried out in March and April 2012 about 90,000 adult front seat drivers and passengers were surveyed at 274 sites around the country. REGION Northland Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand No survey TABLE 2: SAFETY BELT WEARING RATES FOR REAR SEAT ADULTS (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey in The next survey is scheduled for In the survey carried out in November and December 2011 more than 11,000 adults seated in the rear seats of cars were observed at 139 sites around the country. Each site was surveyed between 2 pm and 4 pm on Sunday afternoons during the school term. Only adults seated in the rear window positions were included in the survey. REGION Northland Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne 92 *see note 79 *see note 75 Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand No survey No survey

160 ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS 159 TABLE 3: CHILD RESTRAINTS IN CARS (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey for under 5 year olds in The next survey is scheduled for In the survey carried out in Ocber 2012, children aged under 5 years in more than 4,800 cars were observed at 112 sites around the country. The table shows the percentage restrained in appropriate child restraints. In the 2012 survey 52 percent were restrained in child seats, 19 percent in booster seats, 20 percent in infant seats and about half a percent in child harnesses. A further 5 percent were restrained by adult safety belts. The remaining 3 percent were not restrained at all. Children aged under 5 were not surveyed in REGION Northland Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand No survey 92 No survey TABLE 4: CYCLE HELMET WEARING RATES (PERCENT WEARING) There was no survey for under 5 year olds in The next survey is scheduled for In the survey carried out in March and April 2012 more than 4,600 cyclists of primary and intermediate school age, secondary school age and adults were surveyed at 58 sites around the country. Each site was surveyed for two separate hours, typically between 8 am and 9 am, and between 3 pm and 4 pm, on normal school weekdays. REGION Northland *see note Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough West Coast Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand No survey * NOTE: Sample o small in this area provide regional estimates.

161 160 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 OPEN ROAD CAR SPEEDS In the survey of open road speeds of cars carried out in July and August 2013, approximately 12,400 cars were surveyed at 68 sites around the country. The speed surveys are designed monir changes in free speeds of vehicles. That is, speeds attained when the vehicle is unimpeded by the presence of other vehicles (ie, there is some distance between a vehicle travelling at a free speed and the vehicle in front of it) or by environmental features such as traffic lights, intersections, hills, corners or road works. By moniring the speeds of unimpeded vehicles these surveys measure driver choice of speed. The regional surveys are designed track changes over time in driver speed choice within regions. They are not designed provide valid comparisons between regions. TABLE 5: MEAN OPEN ROAD SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION Northland Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough *see note West Coast *see note Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand TABLE 6: 85TH PERCENTILE OPEN ROAD SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION Northland Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough *see note West Coast *see note Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand th percentile speed means 15 percent of the vehicles surveyed were travelling faster than this speed. * NOTE: Too few sites in this area provide regional estimates.

162 ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR SURVEYS 161 URBAN CAR SPEEDS In the survey of urban speeds of cars carried out in July and August 2012, approximately 15,300 cars were surveyed at 64 sites around the country. The speed surveys are designed monir changes in free speeds of vehicles. That is speeds attained when the vehicle is unimpeded by the presence of other vehicles (ie, there is some distance between a vehicle travelling at a free speed and the vehicle in front of it) or by environmental features such as traffic lights, intersections, hills, corners or road works. By moniring the speeds of unimpeded vehicles these surveys measure driver choice of speed. The regional surveys are designed track changes over time in driver speed choice within regions. They are not designed provide valid comparisons between regions. TABLE 7: MEAN URBAN SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION Northland Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough West Coast *see note Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand TABLE 8: 85TH PERCENTILE URBAN SPEEDS (KM/H) REGION Northland Auckland Waika Bay of Plenty Gisborne Hawke s Bay Taranaki Manawatu-Whanganui Wellingn Nelson-Marlborough West Coast *see note Canterbury Otago Southland New Zealand th percentile speed means 15 percent of the vehicles surveyed were travelling faster than this speed. * NOTE: Too few sites in this area provide regional estimates.

163 162 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

164 DRIVER LICENCE AND VEHICLE FLEET STATISTICS

165 164 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 NUMBER OF CAR LICENCES HELD BY AGE AND SEX OF LICENCE HOLDER AS AT 18 JUNE 2013 Age group years Learner Restricted Full Total Males Females Males Females Males Females 15 years 16 years years years years and over Total NUMBER OF MOTORCYCLE LICENCES HELD BY AGE AND SEX OF LICENCE HOLDER AS AT 18 JUNE 2013 Age group years Learner Restricted Full Total Males Females Males Females Males Females 15 years 16 years years years years and over Total NOTE: The tables include all drivers eligible be on the road as at the stated date. Disqualified and expired licences are excluded. SOURCE: National Register of Driver Licences (maintained by NZ Transport Agency). Data collated by data analysis team, analytical services - NZ Transport Agency.

166 DRIVER LICENCE AND VEHICLE FLEET STATISTICS 165 VEHICLE FLEET AS AT 30 JUNE 2013 VEHICLE DESCRIPTION TOTAL FLEET EXCLUDING EXEMPT AND RESTORATION LICENCES Moped Trailer/Caravan Tracr Agricultural Machine Trailer not Designed for H/Way Use Mobile Machine Passenger Car/Van Goods Van/Truck/Utility Bus Mor Caravan Morcycle ATV Special Purpose Vehicle High Speed Agricultural Vehicle Total Vehicles used for crash rate calculation (Table 1, Page 14) SOURCE: Mor Vehicle Register, NZ Transport Agency. NOTES: The tal fleet is the number of vehicles recorded in the Mor Vehicle Register, excluding vehicles with cancelled/lapsed registration. The shaded cells in the table above indicate the vehicle categories included for the purpose of calculating crash rates (see Table 1, page 17). These include morised vehicles designed primarily for on road use and exclude vehicles with an exempt or resration licence.

167 166 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

168 NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS

169 168 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 CONTENTS TABLES Table 1 New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy serious injury outcome indicars 170 FIGURES Figure 1 Mor vehicle traffic crash fatal injury age standardised rate (M12) 170 Figure 2 Mor vehicle traffic crash serious non-fatal injury age standardised rate (M02) 171 Figure 3 Mor vehicle traffic crash serious (fatal and non-fatal) injury age standardised rate (M22) 171

170 NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS 169 NOTES 1. The New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy (NZIPS) The NZIPS is an expression of the government s commitment working with organisations and groups in the wider community improve the country s injury prevention performance. The Strategy s vision is a safe New Zealand, becoming injury free. (For further details see Mor vehicle traffic crashes is one of the six priority areas identified in the strategy. 2. NZIPS serious injury indicars Official serious injury outcome indicars have been developed for each of the six priority areas as the main means of measuring performance in reducing injury. Chart books with the full set of indicars can be found by visiting the Statistics NZ website: and searching for NZIPS serious injury indicars Several of the official NZIPS indicars for mor vehicle traffic crashes are presented in this section. 3. What is a serious injury? The definition of serious injury adopted for the official NZIPS indicars is: serious injuries are those that result in death or an admission hospital that is associated with at least a 5.9 percent chance of death. The methods by which cases of fatal and serious non-fatal injury are identified are described briefly in The New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy Injury Indicars: Technical Report. The technical report can be found on the Statistics NZ website. Baseline The baseline provides a point from which compare the frequencies and rates of injuries. It is the average count or rate of injury for the three years leading up the launch of NZIPS ( ). Confidence intervals Each bar on each chart has confidence intervals shown as vertical lines. These give an indication of the amount of random variation associated with a single year s indicar value. Where wide confidence intervals are displayed, little weight should be given the variation from one year the next it could be due chance alone. When considering trends, observing the degree of overlap of confidence intervals for individual bars (years) is helpful as an aid interpretation of trends. If confidence intervals do not overlap the baseline, this is indicative of a change from baseline that is unlikely be due chance alone. 5. Age standardised rates Age standardised rates provide an estimate of an individual s average annual risk of being injured. Age standardisation is a process of adjusting the rates of injury account for changes in the age structure of a population over time. It allows comparison of the rates of injury from one year another, taking in account the ageing population. 4. The graphs Time period Where possible, the period presented for serious non-fatal injuries is For fatal injuries, the period presented is Because many cases of injury-related death are required be reviewed by a Coroner, there is a time delay in the recording of the cause of fatal injury. Hence, 2010 is the most recent year available for the mortality data.

171 170 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2013 TABLE 1: NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS NUMBER OF SERIOUS INJURIES AGE STANDARDISED RATE (PER 100,000 PERSON YEARS AT RISK) Year Fatal injury Serious non-fatal injury Fatal and serious injury Fatal injury Serious non-fatal injury Fatal and serious injury M11 M01 M21 M12 M02 M Fatal injury Non-fatal injury Population Ministry of Health Mortality Collection Ministry of Health National Minimum Data Set Statistics New Zealand FIGURE 1: MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH FATAL INJURY AGE STANDARDISED RATE (M12) Rate (per 100,000 person years at risk) Year Baseline NOTE: NUMERATOR SOURCE: Ministry of Health Mortality Collection DENOMINATOR SOURCE: Statistics New Zealand

172 NEW ZEALAND INJURY PREVENTION STRATEGY SERIOUS INJURY OUTCOME INDICATORS 171 FIGURE 2: MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH SERIOUS NON-FATAL INJURY AGE STANDARDISED RATE (M02) Rate (per 100,000 person years at risk) Year Baseline NOTE: 2012 data are provisional NUMERATOR SOURCE: Ministry of Health National Minimum Data Set DENOMINATOR SOURCE: Statistics New Zealand FIGURE 3: MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASH SERIOUS (FATAL AND NON-FATAL) INJURY AGE STANDARDISED RATE (M22) Rate (per 100,000 person years at risk) Baseline Year NOTE: NUMERATOR SOURCE: Ministry of Health National Minimum Data Set and Mortality Collection DENOMINATOR SOURCE: Statistics New Zealand

173 172 MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES IN NEW ZEALAND 2012

174 LEGISLATION

SECTION 1: HISTORICAL

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