TRAFFIC COLLISION STATISTICS. Police-attended Injury and Fatal Collisions

Transcription

1 TRAFFIC COLLISION STATISTICS Police-attended Injury and Fatal Collisions British Columbia 2006

2 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: British Columbia traffic collision statistics / Motor Vehicle Branch Annual Title from cover. Continues: Traffic accident statistics. ISSN ISSN = British Columbia traffic collision statistics 1. Traffic accidents - British Columbia - Statistics - Periodicals. I. British Columbia. Motor-Vehicle Branch. HE C3B _52_ C

3 Introduction Attention: Important changes for 2006 The 2006 publication reflects an important change in the counting of a fatal collision resulting from a revision of the exclusion criteria, a reconciliation of fatalities in the Traffic Accident System with those in the Coroners' database and a subsequent cleaning of the data. In past years, collisions on industrial roads and some collisions on forestry roads involving private vehicles were eligible for inclusion in the Traffic Accident System. These fatal collisions were excluded in In addition, a reconciliation with fatalities in the Coroners' database resulted in identification of additional ineligible cases where death occurred off-road, on private property or was due to natural causes. These fatal collisions have always been ineligible according to the criteria laid out in the Traffic Accident Reporting Police Procedures Manual. However previous years' data were not cleaned. The 2006 fatal collision and fatality counts are therefore lower than they would have been in the absence of the revised process and are not directly comparable with published counts for previous years. Previous years' data are undergoing reconciliation and cleaning and will be revised in future publications. Chapter 17 Police Jurisdiction Report was revised in 2006 to include all collision reports received, both attended and unattended. Overview British Columbia s Traffic Accident System compiles and maintains information on all traffic collisions in the province reported to the police. Traffic collision information is used to determine collision trends over time and to identify problem factors (e.g., driver, vehicle, environmental). The information supports road safety programs and enforcement campaigns such as CounterAttack and Operation Impact. It is used to evaluate provincial road safety initiatives, for monitoring of commercial vehicle collision trends and commercial vehicle safety programs; for identification of highway locations which may require improvement; for highway planning; and for guiding the development of new policies and programs to reduce the frequency and severity of collisions in the province. Data extracted from the system are used in planning and research by the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC), provincial government ministries and by the federal government. The Ministry of Transportation and municipal engineering departments across the province rely on traffic collision data to assist in the planning, design and improvement of roads and highways. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and municipal police forces also use the data to assist in determining law enforcement priorities and locations to target traffic enforcement. Data collection and processing Motor vehicle collisions are reportable in British Columbia if they result in personal injury or death or aggregate property damage in excess of $1,000 ($600 for a motorcycle). The damage level thresholds were amended on January 1, 1991 from a previous level of $400. A driver is required to report a collision to police within 24 hours of occurrence (48 hours if the collision occurred outside a municipality). The Traffic Accident Police Investigation Report (MV6020, formerly known as MV104) is completed by a police officer or employee. When a police officer attends a collision, the report is most often completed at the scene. In many police jurisdictions, the police do not attend all reportable collisions; in the case of unattended collisions, a driver is required to report the collision to a police station if it meets the injury or aggregate damage criteria. These collision reports are referred to as unattended or self-reports. Some police jurisdictions no longer accept self-reports at the counter, with the result that these reportable collisions do not get recorded and are lost to the system. In most cases, these are non-injury collisions. The police forward completed MV6020s to the ICBC office in Victoria. ICBC staff review and microfilm the forms and then enter the data into an Oracle database. In 1996, significant changes took place in police reporting of collisions. Many police agencies changed their standards or practices for collision reporting, thus resulting in fewer reported collisions overall, in particular those involving property damage only or minor injury. A few jurisdictions even suspended the submission of all MV104s to MVB/ICBC. Such changes rendered year to year comparisons of annual collision statistics untenable. By January 1999, all police jurisdictions had resumed full submission of completed collision reports, although police attendance at collisions has remained well below pre-1996 levels. The reporting level appears to have stabilised since This publication In order to maintain this report as a consistent source of annual collisions statistics, information provided includes only police-attended personal injury and fatal collisions. The decision to exclude property damage only collisions and unattended collisions was due to the changes in collision reporting standards and practices by the police, resulting in a declining number of self-reported collisions. Following the practice of reports for the past several years, the 2006 Annual Traffic Collision Statistics Report has been based on police-reported injury collisions and all fatal collisions. A very small number of unattended fatal collisions are included.. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions I

4 Introduction British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions Since the annual collision frequencies have stabilized in the past several years, some sections in this report now include a 5-year summary bar chart to demonstrate the changes in the five year period. This publication is based on data extracted from the Traffic Accident System on December 2, Due to the dynamic nature of the database, all numbers reported in this publication may be subject to changes over time. Further Information We hope that this publication will provide you with the answers you are seeking about collisions in British Columbia. The ultimate goal is to increase public awareness of the importance of safe driving and to contribute to improved traffic safety on British Columbia s roads and highways. Better information leads to better solutions. If you have questions regarding the contents of this publication, please contact: Insurance Corporation of British Columbia Road Safety Research P.O. Box 3750 Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3Y5 Telephone: (250) Fax: (250) ii

5 Contents SECTION 1 Summary Statistics & Historical Trends 1 Table 1.01 Long term traffic collision and casualty statistics 2 Figure 1.01 Twenty year reported traffic fatality trend: Figure 1.02 Ten year reported collision trend: Table 1.02 Summary statistics: Collisions and victims 3 Table 1.03 Summary population statistics: BC population, drivers and vehicles 4 Table 1.04 Reported collisions by police attendance: Figure 1.03 Property damage only collisions by police attendance 5 Figure 1.04 Injury collisions by police attendance 5 Figure 1.05 Total number of collisions by police attendance 5 SECTION 2 Time of Occurrence in 2006 Collisions 7 Table 2.01 Collisions and victims by month 8 Figure 2.01 Distribution of collisions and victims by month 8 Figure 2.02 Distribution of collisions and victims by day of week 8 Table 2.02 Collisions and victims by day of week 9 Table 2.03 Collisions and victims by collision hour 9 Figure 2.03 Distribution of casualty collisions and victims by collision hour 10 Table 2.04 Victims in 2006 holiday collisions 10 SECTION 3 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions 11 Table 3.01 Frequency of contributing factors in collisions by category 12 Figure 3.01 Top five human condition contributing factors in casualty collisions 12 Figure 3.02 Top five human action contributing factors in casualty collisions 12 Table 3.02 Frequency of human condition factors in injury and fatal collisions 13 Table 3.03 Frequency of human action factors in injury and fatal collisions 13 Table 3.04 Frequency of environmental factors in injury and fatal collisions 14 Figure 3.03 Top five environmental factors in casualty collisions 14 Table 3.05 Frequency of vehicle factors in injury and fatal collisions 15 Figure 3.04 Top five vehicle condition factors in casualty collisions 15 Table 3.06 Contributing factors in collisions in order of magnitude: By number of collisions 16 Figure 3.05 Top ten contributing factors in collisions by percentage of total collisions 16 Table 3.07 Contributing factors in fatal collisions in order of magnitude: By number of collisions 17 Figure 3.06 Top five contributing factors in fatal collisions by percentage of total fatal collisions 17 SECTION 4 Victims in 2006 Collisions 19 Table 4.01 Victims injured by road user class by month 20 Figure 4.01 Classification of injured victims by road user class 20 Table 4.02 Victims killed by road user class by month 21 Figure 4.02 Classification of victims killed by road user class 21 Table 4.03 Victims injured by road user class and age 22 Table 4.04 Victims killed by road user class and age 23 Table 4.05 Victims Injured by age and gender 24 Figure 4.03 Number of injured victims by age and gender 24 Table 4.06 Victims killed by age and gender 25 Figure 4.04 Number of victims killed by age and gender 25 Table 4.07 Injury class and injury status 25 Table 4.08 Location of most severe injury and injury type (fatal and non-fatal injuries) 26 Table 4.09 Victims by location of most severe injury 26 Table 4.10 Victims by injury type 26 iii

6 SECTION 5 - Motor Vehicle Drivers in 2006 Collisions 27 Figure Licensed driver population by age 27 Table 5.01 Comparison of licensed drivers and drivers involved in injury and fatal collisions by age 28 Table 5.02 Age and gender of drivers involved in collisions 29 Table 5.03 BC driver licence class by driver type: Drivers involved in injury collisions 30 Table 5.04 BC driver licence class by driver type: Drivers involved in fatal collisions 30 Table 5.05 Definitions of BC driver licence classes 30 SECTION 6 Vehicles in 2006 Collisions 31 Table 6.01 Number of vehicles involved in collisions by month 31 Table 6.02 Number of vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle use 31 Table 6.03 Collisions by vehicle type 32 Table 6.04 Number of vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle type 32 Table 6.05 Vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle use and type 33 Table 6.06 Stolen vehicles in 2006 collisions by month 34 SECTION 7 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions 35 Table 7.01 Type of restraint used by driver 35 Table 7.02 Type of restraint used by passengers 35 Table 7.03 Restraint used by victims injured in collisions by position in vehicle 36 Table 7.04 Restraint used by victims killed in collisions by position in vehicle 36 Table 7.05 Driver age by restraint use for drivers injured 37 Table 7.06 Driver age by restraint use for drivers killed 38 Figure 7.01 Restraint use by drivers injured 39 Figure 7.02 Restraint use by drivers killed 39 Table 7.07 Passenger age by restraint use for injured passengers 40 Table 7.08 Passenger age by restraint use for passengers killed 41 Figure 7.03 Restraint use by injured passengers 42 Figure 7.04 Restraint use by passengers killed 42 Table 7.09 Ejection of drivers and injury outcome in casualty collisions 43 Table 7.10 Ejection of passengers and injury outcome in casualty collisions 43 Table 7.11 Restraint use and occupant ejection for vehicle occupants 43 Table 7.12 Restraint use by victims injured by vehicle type 44 Table 7.13 Restraint use by victims killed by vehicle type 45 SECTION 8 Environmental Conditions and Collision Context 47 Table 8.01 Collisions by road surface type 47 Table 8.02 Collisions by roadway surface condition 47 Table 8.03 Collisions by lighting condition 48 Table 8.04 Collisions by weather condition 48 Table 8.05 Collisions by land usage 48 Table 8.06 Collisions by collision location 48 Table 8.07 Collisions by road jurisdiction 49 Table 8.08 Collisions by speed limit 49 Table 8.09 Collisions by advisory speed limit 49 Figure 8.01 Proportion of fatal to total casualty collisions by speed limit 50 Table 8.10 Collisions by traffic control device 50 Table 8.11 Collisions at intersection by traffic control device 50 Table 8.12 Traffic control device and collision location 51 Table 8.13 Fatal collision by regular speed limit and advisory speed limit 51 Table 8.14 Injury collision by regular speed limit and advisory speed limit 52 SECTION 9 Collision Configurations in Figure Single and multiple vehicle collisions by collision type 53 Table 9.01 Collisions by primary collision occurrence 53 Table 9.02 Single vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence 53 Table 9.03 Non-single vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence 54 Table 9.04 Multi-vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence 54 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in iv

7 Table Alcohol related collisions and victims by month 56 Figure Alcohol related collisions: Collisions and victims by month 56 Table Alcohol related collisions by alcohol factors and month 57 Table Victims in alcohol related collisions by alcohol factors and month 57 Table Alcohol related injury collisions by day of week and hour of collision 58 Figure Distribution of alcohol related collisions and victims by collision hour 59 Figure Distribution of alcohol related collisions and victims by day of week 59 Table Alcohol related fatal collisions by day of week and hour of collision 60 Figure Drinking drivers involved in alcohol related collisions by driver age and gender 61 Figure Non drinking drivers involved in alcohol related collisions 61 Table Drinking drivers involved in alcohol related collisions by driver age and gender 62 Table Drivers in alcohol-related collisions by age and gender Non drinking drivers 62 Table Drinking drivers involved in alcohol related collisions compared to all licensed drivers by age 63 Table Victims injured in alcohol related collisions by victim age and road user class 64 Table Victims killed in alcohol related collisions by victim age and road user class 65 Table Victims injured in alcohol-related collisions in drinking drivers vehicles by victim age and road user class (or where pedestrian was drinking) 66 Figure Victims injured in alcohol related collisions 67 Figure Victims killed in alcohol related collisions 67 Table Victims killed in alcohol-related collisions in drinking drivers vehicles by victim age and road user class (or where pedestrian was drinking) 68 Table Victims injured by victim age and road user class for victims not in drinking driver s vehicle in alcohol related collisions 69 Table Victims killed by victim age and road user class for victims not in drinking driver s vehicle 70 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in Table Speed related collisions and victims by month 72 Figure Speed type in speed related collisions by month 72 Table Speed related injury collisions by speed factors and month 73 Table Victims in speed related collisions by speed factors and month 73 Table Speed related injury collisions by day of week and hour of collision 74 Table Speed related fatal collisions by day of week and by hour of collisions 75 Figure Speed related collisions and victims by collision hour 76 Figure Speed related collisions and victims by day of week 76 Table Age and gender of speeding drivers involved in speed related collisions 77 Table Age and gender of non-speeding drivers involved in speed related collisions 77 Figure Speeding drivers involved in speed related collisions 78 Figure Drivers not in speeding vehicles involved in speed related collisions 78 Table Licensed drivers and drivers involved in speed related collisions (speeding drivers only) by age 79 Table Victims injured by victim age and road user class in speed related collisions 80 Table Victims killed by victim age and road user class in speed related collisions 81 Table Victims injured in speeding vehicles by victim age and road user class 82 Table Victims killed in speeding vehicles by victim age and road user class 83 Figure Victims injured in speed related collisions in/not in speeding vehicles 84 Figure Victims killed in speed related collisions in/not in speeding vehicles 84 Table Victims injured in speed related collisions by victim age and road user class not in speeding vehicles 85 Table Victims killed in speed related collisions by victim age and road user class not in speeding vehicles 86 Table Speed related collisions by speed limit and road jurisdiction City/Municipal street 86 Table Speed related collisions by speed limit and road jurisdiction Provincial highway 87 Table Speed related collisions by speed limit and road jurisdiction Rural road 87 SECTION 12 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions 89 Table Motorcycle collisions and victims by month 90 Figure Motorcycle collisions and victims by month 90 Table Contributing factors in motorcycle collisions Motorcycle driver factors only: By number of collisions 91 Table Contributing factors in motorcycle collisions Other driver factors only: By number of collisions 91 Table Motorcycle collisions by primary collision occurrence 92 Table Pre-collision action by collision type in motorcycle collisions: Motorcycle drivers 92 Table Pre-collision action by collision type in motorcycle collisions: Other drivers 92 Table Collision location by collision type in motorcycle collisions 92 v

8 Table Motorcycle collisions by roadway surface condition 93 Table Motorcycle collisions by lighting condition 93 Table Motorcycle collisions by weather condition 93 Table Motorcycle collisions by collision hour 93 Table Motorcycle collisions by driver age Motorcycle drivers only 94 Table Motorcycle collisions by driver age Other driver involved 94 Figure Drivers involved in motorcycle collisions by age group Motorcycle drivers only 95 Figure Drivers involved in motorcycle collisions by age group Other drivers involved 95 Table Motorcycle drivers and passengers injured and killed by helmet use and location of injury 96 Table Motorcycle drivers and passengers injured and killed by helmet usage and injury type 97 Figure Percent of victims with head injury among helmeted and non-helmeted motorcycle drivers and passengers 98 Figure Killed victims as a proportion of total casualties by helmet usage 98 Table Helmet usage by motorcycle drivers and passengers 98 SECTION 13 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions 99 Table Pedestrian collisions and victims by month 100 Figure Pedestrian collisions and victims by month (includes both pedestrians and occupants of involved motor vehicles) 100 Table Pedestrian collisions by pedestrian action and pedestrian location 101 Figure Pedestrian collisions by collision location 101 Figure Pedestrian collisions by day of week 101 Table Pedestrian injury collisions by day of week and hour of collision 102 Table Pedestrian fatal collisions by day of week and hour of collision 103 Table Pedestrian victims injured by age and gender 104 Figure Pedestrians injured by gender and age group 104 Figure Pedestrians killed by gender and age group 104 Table Pedestrian victims killed by age and gender 105 Table Contributing factors in pedestrian collisions Pedestrian factors only: By number of collisions 105 Table Contributing factors in pedestrian collisions Other driver factors only: By number of collisions 106 Table Pedestrians injured and killed by location of injury 106 Table Pedestrians injured and killed by type of injury 106 Table Pedestrians injured and killed by age and pedestrian action 107 SECTION 14 Bicycles in 2006 Collisions 109 Table Bicycle collisions and victims by month 110 Figure Bicycle collisions and victims by month 110 Table Contributing factors in bicycle collisions Bicycle driver factors only 111 Table Contributing factors in bicycle collisions Other driver factors only 111 Table Bicycle collisions by primary collision occurrence 112 Table Pre-collision action by collision type in bicycle collisions Bicycles only 112 Table Pre-collision action by collision type in bicycle collisions Other Vehicles 113 Table Collision location of bicycle collisions 113 Table Bicycle collisions by roadway surface condition 113 Table Bicycle collisions by lighting condition 114 Table Bicycle collisions by weather condition 114 Table Bicycle collisions by collision hour 114 Table Bicycle drivers involved in collisions by age 115 Table Bicycle drivers injured in bicycle collisions by age and gender 115 Figure Bicycle drivers injured in bicycle collisions by age and gender 116 Table Bicycle drivers killed by age and gender in bicycle collisions 116 Figure Percent of victims with head injury among helmeted and non-helmeted bicycle drivers in collisions 116 Table Bicycle drivers injured and killed by helmet usage and location of injury 116 SECTION 15 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions 117 Table Commercial vehicle collisions and victims by month 118 Figure Commercial vehicle collisions and victims by month 118 Table Contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions Commercial vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions 119 vi

9 Figure Top five contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions (commercial vehicle driver factors only) as a percentage of total commercial vehicle collisions 119 Table Contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions Other driver factors only: By number of collisions 120 Figure Top five contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions (other driver factors only) as a percentage of total commercial vehicle collisions 120 Table Vehicle factors in commercial vehicle collisions: Commercial vehicle factors only 120 Table Number of commercial vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle type 121 Table Commercial vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence 121 Table Collision location of commercial vehicle collisions 121 Table BC driver licence class of commercial vehicle drivers by vehicle type: injury collisions 122 Table BC driver licence class of commercial vehicle drivers by vehicle type: fatal collisions 122 Table Emergency vehicle, taxi and school bus collisions by month 123 Table Victims in emergency vehicle, taxi and school bus collisions by month 123 Table Contributing factors in emergency vehicle collisions Emergency vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions 124 Table Contributing factors in emergency vehicle collisions Other vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions 124 Table Contributing factors in taxi collisions Taxi driver factors only: By number of collisions 125 Table Contributing factors in taxi collisions Other vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions 125 Table Contributing factors in school bus collisions School bus driver factors only: By number of collisions 126 Table Contributing factors in school bus collisions Other vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions 126 Table Emergency vehicle, taxi and school bus collisions by primary collision occurrence 127 SECTION 16 Heavy Commercial Vehicles in 2006 Collisions 129 Table Heavy Commercial vehicle collisions and victims by month 130 Figure Heavy commercial vehicle collisions and victims by month 130 Figure Top five contributing factors in heavy commercial vehicle collisions: Heavy commercial vehicle driver factors only 130 Table Contributing factors in heavy commercial vehicle collisions Heavy Commercial vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions 131 Table Contributing factors in heavy commercial vehicle collisions Other driver factors only: By number of collisions 131 Figure Top five contributing factors in heavy commercial vehicle collisions: Other vehicle driver factors only 132 Table Vehicle factors in heavy commercial vehicle collisions: Heavy commercial vehicles only 132 Table Heavy commercial vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence 132 Table Collision location of heavy commercial vehicle collisions 132 Table Heavy commercial vehicle collisions by roadway surface condition 133 Table Heavy commercial vehicle collisions by lighting condition 133 Table Heavy commercial vehicle collisions by weather condition 133 Table Driver age in heavy commercial vehicle collisions:heavy commercial vehicle drivers only 133 Table BC driver licence class of heavy commercial vehicle drivers by vehicle type: Injury collisions 134 Table BC driver licence class of heavy commercial vehicle drivers by vehicle type: Fatal collisions 134 SECTION 17 Police Jurisdiction Reports 135 Table Collisions and victims by police jurisdiction in Southeast District (RCMP) 135 Table Collisions and victims by police jurisdiction in North District (RCMP) 136 Table Collisions and victims by police jurisdiction in Lower Mainland District (RCMP) 137 Table Collisions and victims by police jurisdiction in Island District (RCMP) 138 Table Collisions and victims by police jurisdiction Indpendent Forces 139 Table Collisions and victims by police jurisdiction Other Forces and Locations 139 Table Collisions and victims by police jurisdiction First Nation Police Forces 139 vii

10 viii British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

11 Glossary Ability Impaired by Alcohol The police officer has evidence that alcohol impaired the individual s driving ability. The level of impairment will be reflected in the fact the individual received a 24 hour suspension or was charged with impaired driving. Ability Impaired by Drugs The police officer has evidence that drugs impaired the individual s driving ability. The level of impairment will be reflected in the fact the individual received a 24 hour suspension or was charged with impaired driving. Ability Impaired by Medication The police officer has evidence that medication impaired the individual s driving ability. This is used when a person has taken medication legally for medicinal purposes. The level of impairment will be reflected in the fact the individual received a 24 hour suspension or was charged with impaired driving. Advisory Speed Zone This speed is posted as an advisory change to the overall Posted/Not Posted Speed Limit that is always in effect. e.g. at sharp curves. Air Bag Inflatable safety device usually stored in vehicle dashboard or steering wheel/column. Upon impact, bag is released and inflated to cushion vehicle occupants and prevent serious injury. Alcohol Suspected The police officer has some evidence to suspect the individual may have consumed alcohol but does not have enough evidence to prove impairment. The driver is not given a 24 hour suspension or charged with impaired driving. A.T.V. All Terrain Vehicle: any type of vehicle propelled by motorized power and capable of travel on or off a highway as defined in the HIGHWAY ACT and that is designated as an All Terrain Vehicle by regulation under the ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE ACT. Bicycle Cycle Bi/Tri 2 or 3 wheeled, pedal driven vehicle. Child Restraint Federally approved child safety seat. Collision The encounter of a moving vehicle with another moving vehicle or with a fixed object. Reportable in British Columbia when injury or death occurs or when greater than $1,000 aggregate property damage is sustained; in the case of a motorcycle when greater than $600 in damage is sustained. Comb. Unit Truck/Heavy Combination Unit - Truck/Heavy: truck and trailer unit over 10,900 kg. Comb. Unit /Truck/Light Combination Unit - Truck/Light: truck and trailer unit, trailer under 4,600 kg, and total not over 10,900 kg. Comb. Unit Tractor Trailer Combination Unit - Tractor Trailer: tractor and semi-trailer unit, over 10,900 kg. Comb. Unit Tractor/Trailer & Pup Combination Unit - Tractor Trailer & Pup: tractor and semi-trailer and pup trailer (pup = 4 wheel trailer). Commercial Vehicle A vehicle licensed as such under the COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT ACT and used primarily for commercial/business purposes. Communication/Video Equipment This includes any one or two way communication equipment such as a cellular phone, C.B. Radio, Palm devices, computers, A.M./F.M. Radio/ tape deck/c.d. players and any video equipment such as a DVD player, T.V., Mapping program. Construction Road maintenance, and/or construction on roadway which contributes to collision. Contributing Factor Those circumstances or events that the attending police officer perceives to directly contribute to a traffic collision. Drugs Suspected The police officer has some evidence to suspect the individual may have consumed drugs but does not have enough evidence to prove impairment. The driver is not given a 24 hour suspension or charged with impaired driving. Fatal Collision Any motor vehicle or other road vehicle collision occurring on a 'public highway' as defined in the MOTOR VEHICLE ACT which results in fatal injuries to one or more persons and these persons are deceased within 30 days of the collision. General Construction Vehicle Backhoe, bulldozer, crawler, digger, excavator, forklift, loader, mower, skidder, trencher. Internal/External Distraction To cause to turn away from the focus of driving. To divert attention away from driving. ix

12 Log Truck & Pole Trailer Tractor or Truck and Pole trailer. Used in combination to haul logs. Mini Van A vehicle that is a van in body type and can be used as a passenger vehicle. Minor Injury Classified as abrasions, bruises, and lacerations and was immediately released from hospital (same day). Modified Vehicle A vehicle which deviates from the manufacturer s specifications. Moped Vehicle capable of being operated by pedals and is equipped with a motor under 50 cc (any class driver s licence or special class 6). Moped on flat surface not to exceed 50 km/h under power. Motor Vehicle A mechanically or electrically powered device not operated upon rails, upon which or by which any person or property may be transported or drawn upon a highway. Excludes: devices used solely to move persons or property within the confines of a building and its premises, such as an electric baggage or mail truck used solely within an industrial plant. The exclusion does not apply if these devices are in used outside the confines of a building and its environs. Obstruction/debris Debris on travelled portion of roadway which contributes to a traffic collision. Oversize Vehicle A vehicle more than 12.5 metres in length with width greater than 2.6 metres, and height greater than 4.15 metres. Off Highway Private place, field, bush, etc., All Terrain Vehicles on private road indicated by signs. Distinguished from Ran off/left highway (see below). Panel Van A vehicle that is a van in body type that is designed or used primarily for the transportation of property within a closed container. Power Bicycle A power-assisted bicycle requires the use of pedals, and the motor is only permitted to provide assistance to the rider. These vehicles are classed as limited speed motorcycles. Both gas and battery powered models are available. Ran off/left Highway Where a vehicle travelling on a roadway, in the course of an accident, leaves the roadway. Road Construction Vehicle Grader, paver, roller. Safety Equipment Seatbelts, motorcycle helmets, airbags, child restraints. Safety Equipment Used This field is defined as the type of safety equipment that a vehicle occupant was using at the time of an accident. Data origin: Safety equipment is found on the MV6020 in the All Involved section, column #12. Serious Injury Classified as victim required stay overnight at hospital. Single Unit Truck/Heavy Single Unit Truck/Heavy: single unit truck over 10,900 kg. Single Unit Truck/Light (Pickup Truck) Single Unit Truck/Light: single unit truck up to 10,900 kg. Special Speed Zone This speed is posted as a special change to the overall Posted/Not Posted Speed Limit that is always in effect. i.e., at construction zones. Speed Zone The primary speed limit on section of roadway where a collision occurred. Sport Utility Vehicle Otherwise known as an SUV, a sport utility vehicle is a station wagon by body style but is identified as an SUV by the manufacturer. Trailer A vehicle that is at any time drawn upon a highway by a motor vehicle Trailers include: All trailers 700 kg GVW or less including tar kettles, mixers, welders, toolsheds, towing dollies, and so on. Recreation type trailers - tent, camper, travel, or other similar design in excess of 700 kg GVW. House trailers designed, constructed and equipped for human habitation or occupancy including use for industrial, professional, or commercial purposes in excess of 700 kg GVW. Trailers designed to carry recreational equipment for personal use. All trailers excess of 700 kg GVW designed to transport freight, lumber or other goods regardless of whether the goods are for resale or for private use or used for commercial purposes including: a dolly when pulled unattached from a trailer box (pup trailer), a welder, compressor, or trailer of a similar design, a flatdeck, high boy, van, or other semi trailer, a tool shed, a pole, pipe, or other similar type of trailer, a trailer pulled by a Farm Truck. x

13 Trailers do not include: an implement of husbandry, a side car attached to a motorcycle, or a disabled motor vehicle that is towed by a tow car. Note: Commercial and Non-Commercial trailers are not distinguished from each other on the Traffic Accident Report. Vehicle A device in, upon, or by which a person or thing is, or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except a device designed to be moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks. Bicycles are included with vehicles when a collision involves a bicycle and a motor vehicle. Windows Obstructed Any window in a vehicle that obstructed the driver s vision because of items like window stickers, foggy or frosty windows or similar window related obstructions that prevented a clear view. 5th Wheel Trailer A 5th wheel Trailer is connected to the towing vehicle with a plate and pin not to be confused with a trailer connected to the towing vehicle with a ball and chain. Note: This section has been updated with definitions from the Traffic Accident Reporting Police Procedures Manual, revised February, British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions xi

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15 Summary Statistics & Historical Trends SECTION 1 Reporting Police-reported collisions do not include all reportable collisions in the province. This is particularly the case since 1996 when major changes in police reporting occurred. Police in some municipalities began to attend only collisions of a more serious nature and some discontinued accepting self-reports at the counter. These changes have had a profound impact on the total number of collisions recorded in the BC traffic collision database. The numbers of reported collisions (property damage only and personal injury) have been under reported from 1995 on. From 1996 to 1998, some fatal collisions may also have gone unreported. From 1995 to 1996, total reported collisions dropped by 19% (from 93,490 to 75,288). From 1996 to 1997, they fell by a further 37% (to 47,495). During these years, a handful of police jurisdictions ceased to submit collisions report forms altogether. Fortunately, from 1999, the police reporting level has stabilised and all police jurisdictions submit completed MV6020 forms. The long-term traffic collision trends were also affected by an official reporting level change that occurred on January 1, On that date the minimum reporting levels for property damage only traffic collisions were increased from $400 to $1,000 for vehicles, and to $600 for motorcycles. As a result, there were more than 55,000 fewer property damage only collisions reported in 1991 than in the previous year. Official criteria for personal injury and fatal collision reporting have not changed. To illustrate trends in reporting, this chapter shows all collisions in the database, including property damage only and self-reports. In all other chapters of this book, all tables and graphs refer to only police-attended injury collisions and fatal collisions (attended and unattended). Summary Statistics Collisions* In 2006, 50,192 traffic collisions were reported. There were 19,849 injury collisions and 370 fatal collisions. Of all collisions, 45,178 (90.0%) were attended by police. Fatalities* The total reported number of fatally injured victims was 413. On average a fatality occurred every 21.2 hours in Injuries* The number of people reported injured in 2006 was 27,556 compared to 28,763 in On average, 79 people were reported injured each day in Drivers Licensed In 2006, there were 2,955,879 actively licensed drivers holding a BC driver s licence. This number includes 1,518,191 males and 1,435,279 females. Note that the definition of licensed driver has been changed to include only active licensed drivers. Driver counts reported prior to the 1999 publication cannot be compared with the counts reported in the current publication. In 2005, there were 2,912,935 actively licensed drivers. Vehicles Licensed In 2006, there were 3,721,162 licensed vehicles, an increase of about 1.8% over Note: * Collision and victim counts are updated for 2002 to Therefore they may be different than were stated in 2005 edition. Note that the 2006 figure reflects the application of exclusion criteria not applied in previous years. Thus the apparent large drop in fatalities is at least partly due to differences in definition. See note page i. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 1

16 SECTION 1 Summary Statistics & Historical Trends Table 1.01 Long term traffic collision and casualty statistics Collisions Victims Year Property Damage Only Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total ,630 29, ,366 41, , ,277 30, ,747 44, , ,300 33, ,853 47, , ,291 35, ,931 50, , ,563 32, ,001 47, , ,331 33, ,078 48, , ,984 32, ,819 46, , ,362 33, ,157 48, , ,398 32, ,490 47, , ,783 27, ,285 40, , ,094 21, ,512 31, , ,115 19, ,457 29, , ,997 20, ,380 30, , ,255 20, ,652 29, , ,318 20, ,907 29, , ,158 20, ,685 29, , ,596 20, ,939 30, , ,811 20, ,524 29, , ,815 20, ,599 28, , ,973 19, ,192 27, ,969 Note: 1) This table is based on total reported collisions, both police attended and unattended. 2) Numbers for 1996 to 2006 are updated. 3) On January 1, 1991, the minimum reporting level for property damage collisions was increased from $400 to $1,000. This has significantly reduced the number of accidents reported in Figure 1.01 Twenty year reported traffic fatality trend: Fatality Trend: British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

17 SECTION 1 Summary Statistics & Historical Trends Figure 1.02 Ten year reported collision trend: ,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, Note: Graph is based on total reported collisions, both police attended and unattended. Table 1.02 Summary statistics: Collisions and victims 1 % Change Collisions Property Damage Only 27,158 28,596 28,811 29,815 29, % 0.75% 3.48% 0.53% Injury 20,117 20,938 20,305 20,378 19, % -3.02% 0.36% -2.60% Fatal % 0.74% -0.49% -8.87% Total Reported Collisions 47,685 49,939 49,524 50,599 50, % -0.83% 2.17% -0.80% Victims Number of Persons Injured 29,374 30,795 29,207 28,763 27, % -5.16% -1.52% -4.20% Number of Persons Killed % -2.87% 4.32% % Total Victims 29,840 31,248 29,647 29,222 27, % -5.12% -1.43% -4.29% Note: 1) This table is based on total reported collisions, both police attended and unattended. 2) The percentage change may reflect changes in number of collisions reported by the police, as well as the change in actual number of collisions which occurred. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 3

18 SECTION 1 Summary Statistics & Historical Trends Table 1.03 Summary population statistics: BC population, drivers and vehicles B.C. Population 4,115,000 4,155,000 4,203,000 4,260,000 4,320, % 1.16% 1.36% 1.41% Drivers Licensed Male Drivers 1,445,571 1,462,778 1,474,654 1,498,356 1,518, % 0.81% 1.61% 1.32% Female Drivers 1,357,120 1,372,550 1,384,110 1,412,065 1,435, % 0.84% 2.02% 1.64% Unknown 136 2,322 2,480 2,514 2,409 Total 2,802,827 2,837,650 2,861,244 2,912,935 2,955, % 0.83% 1.81% 1.47% Vehicles Licensed Passenger Vehicles 2,241,717 2,279,356 2,321,288 2,374,924 2,385, % 1.84% 2.31% 0.44% Commercial Vehicles 747, , , , , % 1.11% 2.10% 2.98% Trailers 379, , , , , % 3.68% 4.82% 5.97% Motorcycles 69,136 73,258 77,670 83,218 91, % 6.02% 7.14% 10.37% Total 3,438,215 3,490,565 3,559,512 3,653,939 3,721, % 1.98% 2.65% 1.84% Notes: 1) B.C. population estimates are based on population projection as of July 1, 2007 by Statistics Canada. 2) Driver counts from publications prior to 1999 can not be compared with the revised driver counts shown above. 3) Starting from 2003, the active driver count was obtained from Business Information Warehouse. Prior to 2003, the count was obtained from Driver Licensing System data extract. This change resulted in higher counts with gender unknown. 4) Licensed vehicles were those that had an active policy during 2006, including duplicate counts of vehicles that were licensed more than once during the year. Table 1.04 Reported collisions by police attendance: Police Attended Collisions Property Damage Only 18,001 17,494 17,207 18,381 20,445 22,526 23,867 24,186 25,118 25,895 Injury 18,371 18,008 18,207 18,232 18,347 18,581 19,539 19,071 19,310 18,915 Fatal Total attended collisions 36,712 35,869 35,790 36,991 39,161 41,517 43,811 43,664 44,831 45,178 Police Unattended Collisions Property Damage Only 8,093 4,621 3,790 3,874 4,873 4,632 4,729 4,625 4,697 4,078 Injury 2,706 1,967 1,799 1,786 1,871 1,536 1,399 1,234 1, Fatal Total unattended collisions 10,800 6,588 5,590 5,661 6,746 6,168 6,128 5,860 5,768 5,014 Total Fatal Collisions Total Collisions 47,512 42,457 41,380 42,652 45,907 47,685 49,939 49,524 50,599 50,192 Total Victims 31,933 30,371 30,446 30,362 30,071 29,840 31,248 29,647 29,222 27,969 Note: 1) Collisions which are neither attended by police nor driver self-reported do not get recorded in the database. 2) The 2006 fatal collision counts and fatality counts are lower than they would be in the absence of the fatality re-definition and are not comparable to prior years (See page vii). No changes have been made to the reporting of injury collisions. 4 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

19 Summary Statistics & Historical Trends SECTION 1 Figure 1.03 Property damage only collisions by police attendance Figure 1.04 Injury collisions by police attendance 30,000 25,000 Police Attended Collisions Police Unattended Collisions 22,500 20,000 17,500 20,000 15,000 15,000 12,500 10,000 Police Attended Collisions Police Unattended Collisions 10,000 7,500 5,000 5,000 2, Figure 1.05 Total number of collisions by police attendance 50,000 45,000 Total attended collisions Total unattended collisions 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 5

20 SECTION 1 Summary Statistics & Historical Trends 6 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

21 Time of Occurrence in 2006 Collisions SECTION 2 The highest number of reported casualty collisions (those involving injury or fatality) occurred in November of 2006 (1,833 collisions). The lowest number of casualty collisions (1,317) occurred in February of The highest casualty (persons injured and killed) count occurred in July of 2006 (2,513 casualties). The lowest count occurred in February of 2006 (1,806). July experienced the highest number of fatalities (44). May and December had the lowest (27). As in previous years, more casualty collisions happened on Friday (16.8%) than on any other day of the week. Next highest was Saturday (14.7%). Monday had the fewest casualty collisions (13.4%). The greatest number of injury collisions occurred between the hours of 3 pm and 4 pm in 2006 (7.7% of all personal injury collisions). Close to 28.2% of all injury collisions occurred between 3 pm and 7 pm (i.e. the evening rush hour). The highest number of fatal collisions happened between 4 pm and 5 pm in 2006 (6.2% of all fatal collisions). Victims in collisions during the holiday periods in 2006 made up about 9.1% of the total casualties in police attended collisions. The Christmas holiday weekend recorded the highest number of casualties including 350 injured and 3 killed. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 7

22 SECTION 2 Time of Occurrence in 2006 Collisions Table 2.01 Collisions and victims by month Collisions Month Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total January 1, ,727 2, ,388 February 1, ,317 1, ,806 March 1, ,445 1, ,005 Victims April 1, ,441 1, ,012 May 1, ,531 2, ,159 June 1, ,606 2, ,306 July 1, ,771 2, ,513 August 1, ,728 2, ,486 September 1, ,618 2, ,188 October 1, ,661 2, ,225 November 1, ,833 2, ,489 December 1, ,607 2, ,249 Total 18, ,285 26, ,826 Figure 2.01 Distribution of casualty collisions and victims by month Figure 2.02 Distribution of casualty collisions and victims by day of week Number of Collisions/Victims Number of Collisions/Victims 3,000 2,500 Collisions Victims 5,000 4,500 4,000 Collisions Victims 2,000 3,500 3,000 1,500 2,500 2,000 1,000 1, , Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat 8 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

23 SECTION 2 Time of Occurrence in 2006 Collisions Table 2.02 Collisions and victims by day of week Collisions Victims Day of Week Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total Sunday 2, ,589 3, ,807 Monday 2, ,539 3, ,478 Tuesday 2, ,605 3, ,522 Wednesday 2, ,688 3, ,634 Thursday 2, ,791 3, ,765 Friday 3, ,233 4, ,500 Saturday 2, ,840 4, ,120 Total 18, ,285 26, ,826 Table 2.03 Collisions and victims by collision hour Collisions Victims Hour Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total , , , , , , ,007 1, , , ,021 1, , , ,071 1, , , ,218 1, , , ,471 2, , , ,426 1, , , ,414 1, , , ,103 1, , , , , , Unknown Total 18, ,285 26, ,826 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 9

24 SECTION 2 Time of Occurrence in 2006 Collisions Figure 2.03 Distribution of casualty collisions and victims by collision hour 2,500 Number of Collisions/Victims 2,000 1,500 1, am 1am Collisions Victims Table 2.04 Victims in 2006 holiday collisions Holiday Period Injured Killed Total Easter (April 13 to April 17) Victoria Day (May 19 to May 22) Canada Day (June 30 to July 3) B.C. Day (August 4 to August 7) Labour Day (September 1 to September 4) Thanksgiving (October 6 to October 9) am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm Unknown Remembrance Day (November 10 to November 13) Christmas (December 22 to December 26) New Years 06/07 (December 29 to January 1) Total 2, ,433 Note: Holiday periods were calculated from 1800 of the first day to 2400 of the last day. For example, Easter holiday period was calculated starting from 1800 on April 13 to 2400 on April 17. Some holidays may occur on a weekend one year but not on a weekend in other years. This will affect year to year comparisons. 10 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

25 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions SECTION 3 The BC traffic accident database recognizes that a collision is often the result of an interaction of events or situations. Contributing factors are those circumstances, events or behaviors that the attending police officer judges to contribute to a traffic collision. Procedure for reporting contributing factors In this document all contributing factors assigned to drivers are reflected in the presentation of the data. The report does not differentiate between whether the factors are listed as first, second, third or fourth. For example, a collision could result from a combination of ability impaired by alcohol (factor 1), driving too fast for conditions (factor 2) road condition (factor 3) and headlights defective (factor 4) on the part of Driver 1 and failure to yield right of way (factor 1) and road intersection design (factor 2) assigned to Driver 2. This totals six different contributing factors assigned to the same collision and represents the complete information available from the Traffic Accident System on the role of contributing factors in that collision. Tables 3.01 to 3.05 and Figures 3.01 to 3.04 present the number of factors in 2006 collisions. In addition to the tables and graphs that consider factors, tables that display the same data in terms of collisions are also presented. These include Tables 3.06 and 3.07 and Figure 3.05 and These tables and figures display the number of collisions in which a contributing factor was present and not the total number of occurrences of that factor. For example, if impaired by alcohol was a factor assigned to both drivers in the same collision, in these tables, it would be counted just once for that collision. If at least one driver was also assigned a second factor (e.g., exceeding speed limit), the collision would be counted again under speed. To demonstrate the difference between counting factors and counting collisions, we can see that the contributing factor, driver inattentive was recorded in 6,864 collisions (Table 3.06); however, there were 7,285 occurrences of driver inattentive in the database (Table 3.02). In other words, 7,285 drivers involved in collisions were noted as having been driver inattentive. Those same 7,285 drivers were involved in 6,864 collisions because some collisions involved more than one inattentive driver. Contributing factors summary In 2006, 36,631 contributing factors were attributed to 19,285 reported casualty collisions. Of all contributing factors assigned to collisions during 2006, 81.5% involved human action or condition; 16.9% were related to environmental conditions; 1.6% involved vehicle condition. The top five most frequently reported contributing factors in 2006 injury collisions (as a percentage of total injury collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (35.6%); (2) Speed (19.3%); (3) Driver error/confusion (20.8%); (4) Failing to yield to the right of way (16.4%); (5) Road Condition (12.1%). The top five most frequently reported contributing factors in 2006 fatal collisions (as a percentage of total fatal collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Speed (35.7%); (2) Alcohol (26.8%); (3) Driver inattentive (20.0%); (4) Driver error/confusion (16.0%); (5) Driving on wrong side of road (12.7%). Note: a) Speed includes Exceeding speed limit, Excessive speed over 40km/hr, and Driving too fast for conditions; b) Alcohol includes Alcohol suspected and ability impaired by alcohol. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 11

26 SECTION 3 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions Table 3.01 Frequency of contributing factors 1 in collisions by category Contributing Factor Total % of Total Category Injury Fatal Factors Factors Human Action 17, , Human Condition 11, , Environmental Condition 6, , Vehicle Factor Total 35, , % Note: There were 36,631 contributing factors attributed to 19,285 police attended casualty collisions in 'Frequency' represents the total number of occurrences of the contributing factors, not the number of collisions in which the contributing factors were present. Figure 3.01 Top five human condition contributing factors in casulalty collisions Percent of Total Human Condition Factors Figure 3.02 Top five human action contributing factors in casualty collisions 0 Driver Inattentive Alcohol Driver Distraction Fell Asleep Drugs Suspected Percent of Total Human Action Factors Driver Error Speeding Fail to Yield Follow too Closely Ignore Traffic Device 12 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

27 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions SECTION 3 Table 3.02 Frequency of human condition factors 1 in injury and fatal collisions % of Human % of Human Condition All Condition Factor Injury Fatal Total Factors Factors 2 Driver Inattentive 7, , Alcohol Ability Impaired by Alcohol 1, ,039 Alcohol Suspected 1, ,079 Alcohol Total 2, , Driver Internal/External Distraction Fell Asleep Drugs Suspected Extreme Fatigue Illness Unconscious Ability Impaired by Drugs Physical Disability Ability Impaired by Medication Deceased Prior to Collision Total 11, , % 31.78% Note: 1) There were 36,631 contributing factors attributed to 19,285 police attended casualty collisions in 'Frequency' represents the total number of occurrences of the contributing factors, not the number of collisions in which the contributing factors were present. 2) "All factors" refers to all four categories of contributing factors (see Table 3.01). In other words, "Percent of All Factors" shows the percentage each "Human Condition Factor" accounted for across all four categories of contributing factors. Table 3.03 Frequency of human action factors 1 in injury and fatal collisions % of Human Human Action % of all Action Factors Injury Fatal Total Factors Factors 2 Driver Error/Confusion 4, , Speed Exceeding Speed Limit 1, ,260 Driving too Fast For Conditions 2, ,362 Excessive Speed Speed Total 3, , Failing to Yield Right of Way 3, , Following too Closely 2, , Ignoring Traffic Control Device 1, , Improper Turning Driving on Wrong Side of Road Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Pedestrian Error/Confusion Improper Passing Cutting In Backing Unsafely Failing to Signal Ignoring Officer/Flagman/Guard Use of Comunication/Video Equipment Failure to Secure Stopped Vehicle Total 17, , % 49.76% Note: 1) There were 36,631 contributing factors attributed to 19,285 police attended casualty collisions in 'Frequency' represents the total number of occurrences of the contributing factors, not the number of collisions in which the contributing factors were present. 2) "All factors" refers to all four categories of contributing factors (see Table 3.01). In other words, "Percent of All Factors" shows the percentage each "Human Action Factor" accounted for across all four categories of contributing factors. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 13

28 SECTION 3 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions Table 3.04 Frequency of environmental factors 1 in injury and fatal collisions Environ- Environmental mental % of all Factors Injury Fatal Total Factors Factors 2 Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) 2, , Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) 1, , Wild Animal Sunlight Glare Site Line Obstruction Road/Intersection Design % of Figure 3.03 Top five environmental factors in casualty collisions Percent of Total Environmental Factors Roadside Hazard Obstruction/Debris on Road Previous Traffic Collision Defective/Inoperative Traffic Control Device Roadway Surface Defects Domestic Animal Artificial Glare Insufficient Worksite/Construction Traffic Control Road Cond. Weather Wild animal Sunlight Glare Site Line Obstruction Total 6, , % 16.85% Note: 1) There were 36,631 contributing factors attributed to 19,285 police attended casualty collisions in 'Frequency' represents the total number of occurrences of the contributing factors, not the number of collisions in which the contributing factors were present. 2) "All factors" refers to all four categories of contributing factors (see Table 3.01). In other words, "Percent of All Factors" shows the percentage each "Environmental Factor" accounted for across all four categories of contributing factors. 14 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

29 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions SECTION 3 Table 3.05 Frequency of vehicle condition factors 1 in injury and fatal collisions % of Vehicle Vehicle % of all Condition Factors Injury Fatal Total Factors Factors 2 Defective Tires Defective Brakes Defective Headlights Figure 3.04 Top five vehicle condition factors in casualty collisions Percent of Total Vehicle Factors Insecure Load Defective Steering Windows Obstructed No Driver Defective Engine Defective Accelerator Defective Tow Hitch Trailer Brakes out of Adjustment/Inoperative Defective Brakelights Defective Tires Defective Brakes Defective Headlights Insecure Load Defective Steering Windows Obstructed Defective Suspension Oversize Vehicle Dangerous Goods Defective Turn Signals Illegal Vehicle Modifications Defective Windshield Total % 1.61% Note: 1) There were 36,631 contributing factors attributed to 19,285 police attended casualty collisions in 'Frequency' represents the total number of occurrences of the contributing factors, not the number of collisions in which the contributing factors were present. 2) "All factors" refers to all four categories of contributing factors (see Table 3.01). In other words, "Percent of All Factors" shows the percentage each "Vehicle Condition Factor" accounted for across all four categories of contributing factors. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 15

30 SECTION 3 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions Table 3.06 Contributing factors in collisions in order of magnitude: By number of collisions % of Total Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive 6, , Speed Exceeding Speed Limit 1, Driving too Fast For Conditions 2, Excessive Speed Speed Total 3, , Driver Error/Confusion 3, , Failing to Yield Right of Way 3, , Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) 2, , Alcohol Alcohol Suspected 1, Ability Impaired by Alcohol Alcohol Total 2, , Following too Closely 1, , Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) 1, , Ignoring Traffic Control Device 1, , Improper Turning Driver Internal/External Distraction Driving on Wrong Side of Road Figure 3.05 Top ten contributing factors in collisions by percentage of total collisions Driver Inattentive Speed Fail to Yield Driver Error Road Condition Alcohol Following too Closely Weather Ignore Traffic Device 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% Fell Asleep Wild Animal Pedestrian Error/Confusion Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Drugs Drugs Suspected Ability Impaired by Drugs Drugs Total Improper Passing Sunlight Glare Cutting In Backing Unsafely Extreme Fatigue Illness Defective Tires Site Line Obstruction Road/Intersection Design Roadside Hazard Unconscious Obstruction/Debris on Road Defective Brakes Other 2, , Unknown 1, , Note: 1) "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions will occur in the data presented in this table. For example, a two vehicle collision involving a speeding driver and a second driver operating under the influence of alcohol will be counted above as both a speed related collision, and as an alcohol related collision. 'Percent of Total' represents the number of collisions with the factor as a percentage of total police-attended collisions (i.e. 19,285) recorded in British Columbia during Due to multiple occurrences of factors in a single collision, Percent of Total Collisions' does not add up to ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 100 occurrences plus unspecified other. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. 16 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

31 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions SECTION 3 Table 3.07 Contributing factors in fatal collisions in order of magnitude: By number of collisions Total Fatal Contributing Factors Fatal Collisions Speed Exceeding Speed Limit 58 Driving too Fast For Conditions 51 Excessive Speed 3 23 Speed Total Alcohol Alcohol Suspected 66 Ability Impaired by Alcohol 33 Alcohol Total % of Figure 3.06 Top five contributing factors in fatal collisions by percentage of total fatal collisions Speed Alcohol Driver Inattentive 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% Driver Inattentive Driver Error/Confusion Driving on Wrong Side of Road Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Drugs Drugs Suspected 15 Ability Impaired by Drugs 13 Drug Total Driver Error Driving on Wrong Side of Road Failing to Yield Right of Way Fell Asleep Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Pedestrian Error/Confusion Ignoring Traffic Control Device Driver Internal/External Distraction Illness Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Defective Tires Improper Turning Cutting In Sunlight Glare Extreme Fatigue Improper Passing Wild Animal Other Unknown Note: 1) "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions will occur in the data presented in this table. For example, a two vehicle fatal collision involving a speeding driver and a second driver operating under the influence of alcohol will be counted above as both a fatal speed related collision, and as a fatal alcohol related collision. 'Percent of Total' represents the number of collisions with the factor as a percentage of total police-attended fatal collisions (i.e. 370) recorded in British Columbia during Due to multiple occurrences of factors in a single collision, Percent of Total Fatal Collisions' does not add up to ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 5 occurrences plus unspecified other. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 17

32 SECTION 3 Contributing Factors in 2006 Collisions 18 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

33 Victims in 2006 Collisions SECTION 4 In 2006, the number of persons killed in police-attended traffic collisions in British Columbia was 413. The number of persons reported injured in police attended collisions was 26,413. Male victims made up 52.9% of all casualties (persons injured or killed), compared to previous year s 53.5%. Females made up 46.6%, while the remaining 0.5% was unidentified as to gender. Of all fatally injured victims in 2006, 71.4% were male (295 victims), and 27.9% (115 victims) were female. The distribution of fatally injured victims among the various road user class categories in 2006 was: (1) Drivers (47.0%) (2) Passengers (22.3%) (3) Pedestrians (16.9%) (4) Bicycle drivers (2.9%) (5) Motorcycle Drivers (9.9%) (6) Motorcycle Passengers (0.5%) Of all persons reported injured in 2006, 14.0% were between the ages of 16 and 20, compared to 14.4% in There were 13.1% between the ages of 21 and 25, same as in The proportion of victims aged 6 to 15 was 4.7% (compared to 4.9% in 2005) and 1.0% for those aged 5 and under. Of all persons killed in 2006, 13.3% were between the ages of 16 and 20, (compared to 10.7% in 2005); 10.9% were between the ages of 21 and 25. The proportion of victims aged 6 to 15 was 2.4% in The number of children killed aged five and under was 4 (1.0%). British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 19

34 SECTION 4 Victims in 2006 Collisions Table 4.01 Victims injured by road user class and month Bicycle Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Total % of Month Driver Passenger Hanging on Pedestrian Driver Passenger Driver Passenger Other Unknown Victims Total January 1, , February 1, , March 1, , April 1, , May 1, , June 1, , July 1, , August 1, , September 1, , October 1, , November 1, , December 1, , Total 15,277 7, , , % Figure 4.01 Classification of Injured Victims by Road User Class Injured Victims 26,413 (100%) Bicyclists 1,007 (3.8%) Pedestrians 1,915 (7.3%) Vehicle Occupants 22,327 (84.5%) Unknown/Other 82 (0.3%) Motorcyclists 1,082 (4.1%) Bicycle Drivers 980 Bicycle Passengers 27 Vehicle Drivers 15,277 Vehicle Passengers 7,010 Hanging On Outside 40 Motorcycle Drivers 974 Motorcycle Passengers British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

35 Victims in 2006 Collisions SECTION 4 Table 4.02 Victims killed by road user class and month Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Total % of Month Driver Passenger Hanging on Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Victims Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total % Figure 4.02 Classification of Victims Killed by Road User Class Victims Killed 413 (100%) Bicyclists 12 (2.9%) Pedestrians 70 (16.9%) Vehicle Occupants 288 (69.7%) Motorcyclists 43 (10.4%) Bicycle Drivers 12 Bicycle Passengers 0 Vehicle Drivers 194 Vehicle Passengers 92 Hanging On Outside 2 Motorcycle Drivers 41 Motorcycle Passengers 2 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 21

36 SECTION 4 Victims in 2006 Collisions Table 4.03 Victims injured by road user class and age Victim Bicycle Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Total % of Age Driver Passenger Hanging on Pedestrian Driver Passenger Driver Passenger Other Unknown Victims Total , , , , , , , , , , , , , Unknown Total 15,277 7, , , % Note: Age 1 includes victims less than 12 months of age. 22 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

37 Victims in 2006 Collisions SECTION 4 Table 4.04 Victims killed by road user class and age Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle % of Age Driver Passenger Hanging on Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Total Total Unknown Total % Note: Age 1 includes victims less than 12 months of age. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 23

38 SECTION 4 Victims in 2006 Collisions Table 4.05 Victims Injured by age and gender Victim Age Male Female Unknown Total Figure 4.03 Number of injured victims by age and gender 4500 Male Female Under ,321 1, , , , , , ,265 1, , , , , , Unkn Total 13,883 12, , British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

39 Table 4.06 Victims killed by age and gender Victim Age Male Female Unknown Total Victims in 2006 Collisions SECTION 4 Figure 4.04 Number of victims killed by age and gender 80 Male Female Under Table 4.07 Injury class and injury status Injury Class Injured Killed Total % of Total Minor 18, , Serious 2, , Unknown 5, , Not Applicable Total 26, , % Note: This field is meant for victims injured only. Of 26,826 injured victims, 20,610 were assigned an injury class. Unknown refers to injured victims whose injury class was not specified. Not applicable should be used for fatally injured victims only Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 25

40 SECTION 4 Victims in 2006 Collisions Table 4.08 Location of most severe injury and injury type (fatal and non-fatal injuries) Elbow Knee/ Face/ Shoulder Lower Abdomen Hip/Upper Lower Entire Injury Type Head Nose Eye Neck Chest Back Upper Arm Arm/Hand Pelvis Leg Leg/foot Body Unknown Total Whiplash , , ,137 Bruises , , ,098 Abrasion ,934 Lacerations ,795 Fracture ,729 Bleeding ,396 Concussion Dislocation Burns Drowning Amputations Other Unknown ,461 Total 3,940 1, ,953 1,983 2,511 1,614 2, ,472 1,067 1,248 26,826 Note: Injury type was recorded by the attending police officer and may not be confirmed by medical examination. Non-observable injuries may be based on victim's testimony only. Table 4.09 Victims by location of most severe injury Injury Location Injured Killed Total Neck 6, ,953 Head 3, ,940 Back 2, ,511 Knee/Lower Leg/Foot 2, ,472 Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand 2, ,065 Chest 1, ,983 Shoulder/Upper Arm 1, ,614 Face/Nose 1, ,465 Entire Body ,067 Hip/Upper Leg Abdomen/Pelvis Eye Unknown 1, ,248 Total 26, ,826 Table 4.10 Victims by injury type Injury Type Injured Killed Total Whiplash 8, ,137 Bruises 7, ,098 Abrasion 2, ,934 Lacerations 1, ,795 Fracture 1, ,729 Bleeding 1, ,396 Concussion Dislocation Burns Drowning Amputations Other Unknown 2, ,461 Total 26, ,826 Note: Injury type was determined by the attending police officer and may not always be confirmed by medical examination. Non-observable injuries may be based on victim's testimony only. 26 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

41 Motor Vehicle Drivers in 2006 Collisions SECTION 5 Drivers licensed and valid to operate in British Columbia totalled 2,955,879 at the end of The number of drivers licensed in 2006 showed an increase of 1.5% over the previous year. Driver counts from prior to 1999 publications cannot be compared with the revised driver counts in this chapter. Driver counts are calculated using the active driver definition. An active licensed driver is one who holds a valid BC photo licence (including a Learner or Novice licence). To be valid the licence must not be suspended, cancelled or expired on the date of interest. There were 31,759 drivers involved in injury or fatal collisions in Certain age groups are over-represented in traffic collisions. However, note that these comparisons do not take into account differences in the amount of driving done by different age groups. In general, the oldest and youngest age groups drive less than the mid-age group. Young drivers (16 to 20) made up only 6.2% of all licensed drivers in 2006, but they accounted for 11.5% of all drivers involved in 2006 collisions. Older age groups are more likely to be under-represented in both the total driver population and the population of drivers involved in collisions. Drivers over 50 made up 37.8% of the total driver population in 2006, and comprised 25.6% of drivers involved in collisions. Finally, drivers between the ages of 21 and 50 made up 55.9% of the total driver population in They accounted for 60.3% of drivers involved in collisions. More males were involved in collisions than females in almost all age categories. Among BC drivers with known licence class involved in injury collisions, 73.8% (20, 830) of those drivers held a Class 5 licence, 5.9% (1,675) held a Class 1 licence and 15.0% (4,233) held a Class 7 Learner or Novice class. Among BC drivers with known licence class involved in fatal collisions, 66.9% (309) held a Class 5, 15.6% (54) held a Class 1 and 10.8% (50) held a Class 7 licence. Note that 9.4% of drivers involved in fatal collisions in BC were licensed from out-of-province % 51+, 25.6% Unknow n, 2.5% Under 16, 0.1% % Unknow n 0.0% 21-50, 60.3% 16-20, 11.5% % Licensed Driv er Population By Age Driv ers inv olv ed in 2006 Collisions by Age British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 27

42 SECTION 5 Motor Vehicle Drivers in 2006 Collisions Table 5.01 Comparison of licensed drivers and drivers involved in injury and fatal collisions by age % of Age Group # of Drivers % of Total Driver Population % of Total Involved in Drivers Involved Involved in Licensed Driver Injury and in Injury and Injury and Fatal Driver Age Drivers 1 Population Fatal Collisions Fatal Collisions 2 Collisions 3 Under NA 16 26, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Unknown Total 2,955, % 31, % Note: 1) Data source for active licensed drivers in 2006 was Business Information Warehouse. 2) Percent of drivers in each age group involved in injury and fatal collisions. 3) Percent of drivers involved in injury and fatal collisions in each age group of the licensed drivers. 28 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

43 Table 5.02 Age and gender of drivers involved in collisions Motor Vehicle Drivers in 2006 Collisions SECTION 5 Collision Type Injury Fatal Total Drivers Driver Age Male Female Unknown Total Male Female Unknown Total Male Female Unknown Total ,884 1, , ,922 1, , ,784 1, , ,823 1, , ,846 1, , ,881 1, , ,028 1, , ,073 1, , ,841 1, , ,877 1, , , , , , , , , , , , Unknown Total 19,337 11, , ,744 11, ,759 Note: Drivers in this table include all persons operating a motor vehicle, both licensed and unlicensed (including children). British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 29

44 SECTION 5 Motor Vehicle Drivers in 2006 Collisions Table 5.03 BC driver license class by driver type: Drivers involved in injury collisions Driver Motorcycle Other License Class Driver Driver Driver 1 Total , , , , , , , , , , ,334 Total 30,158 1, ,225 Note: 1) "Other Driver" refers to drivers of snow mobiles, road construction, mobile cranes etc. 2) Indicates 'No Class'. It includes out-of-province drivers. 3) Indicates 'Out-Of-Province' drivers. 4) Indicates 'License Class Unknown'. It includes out-of-province drivers. 5) "100" to "800" refers to driver licence classes 1 to 8. "340", for example, is a combination of class 3 and class 4. Table 5.04 BC driver license class by driver type: Drivers involved in fatal collisions Driver Motorcycle License Class Driver Driver Total Total Note: 1) "Other Driver" refers to drivers of snow mobiles, road construction, mobile cranes etc. 2) Indicates 'No Class'. It includes out-of-province drivers. 3) Indicates 'Out-Of-Province' drivers. 4) Indicates 'Licence Class Unknown'. It includes out-of-province drivers. 5) "100" to "800" refers to driver license classes 1 to 8. "340", for example, is a combination of class 3 and class 4. Table 5.05 Definitions of BC driver license classes Class Definition 100 Permits operation of any vehicle or combination of vehicles of any size or weight except a motorcycle. 200 Permits operation of any vehicle in unrestricted class 400 and class Permits operation of any vehicle in class 500, 3-axle or greater (no maximum towed gross vehicle weight), multi-axle mobile crane, combination vehicle where towed vehicle does not exceed 4600 kg gross vehicle weight, combination vehicle without air brakes where the towed vehicle does exceed 4600 kg gross vehicle weight. 400 Restricted class 400 permits operation of any motor vehicle described in class 500, ambulance, taxi, special vehicle (vehicle designed/modified to carry maximum 10 persons). 500 Permits operation of any 2 axle motor vehicle (except bus, taxi, ambulance, etc), vehicle and all terrain cycle, construction vehicle (including 3-axle grader, excluding 3-axle truck, mobile crane, truck mounted backhoe), 2-axle recovery vehicle (maximum towed vehicle 4600 kg). 600 Permits operation of motorcycles, scooters, limited speed motorcycles (mopeds, etc.), all terrain vehicles/cycles. 700 For a GLP novice driver, permits operation of any 2 axle motor vehicle (except bus, taxi, ambulance, etc.), motorhome (including 3-axle motorhome), limited speed motorcycle, all terrain vehicle and all terrain cycle, construction vehicle (including 3-axle grader, excluding 3-axle truck, mobile crane, truck mounted backhoe), 2-axle recovery vehicle (maximum towed vehicle 4600 kg). 800 For a GLP novice driver, permits operation of motorcycles, scooters, limited speed motorcycles (mopeds, etc.), all terrain vehicles/cycles. Note: Driver class definitions are based on Driver Licensing System data dictionary. 30 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

45 Vehicles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 6 This section includes information on all types of vehicles including bicycles, snowmobiles and other off-road vehicles, farm and construction vehicles and others (see Table 6.03 for a complete list). There were 33,593 vehicles involved in police-attended injury and fatal collisions in 2006, compared to 34,668 vehicles during Note that if the same vehicle was involved in two or more separate collisions in 2006, it would be counted each time as if it were a different vehicle. Passenger cars were by far the most frequently involved vehicles in 2006 police attended casualty collisions, accounting for 59.4% of all vehicles involved in collisions. A total of 19,947 passenger cars were involved in 13,936 collisions. Vehicles driven for personal use comprised 82.0% of the vehicles involved in police-attended casualty collisions. Vehicles used for commercial and business purposes accounted for only 9.1% of the vehicles in collisions. There were 120 stolen vehicles involved in collisions, 3 of them in fatal collisions. Table 6.01 Number of vehicles involved in collisions by month Total % of Month Injury Fatal Vehicles Total January 2, , February 2, , March 2, , April 2, , May 2, , June 2, , July 3, , August 2, , September 2, , October 2, , November 3, , December 2, , Total 33, , % Note: Includes motor vehicles, bicycles, and miscellaneous unclassified vehicle types. Table 6.02 Number of vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle use % of Vehicle Use Injury Fatal Total Total Personal 27, , Business/Commercial 2, , Recreational Parked Taxi Emergency Government Towing/Towed Farm Use Driver Training Facility Military Other Unknown Total 33, , % Note: Includes motor vehicles, bicycles, and miscellaneous unclassified vehicle types. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 31

46 SECTION 6 Vehicles in 2006 Collisions Table 6.03 Collisions by vehicle type Vehicle Type Injury Fatal Total Passenger Car Only 13, ,936 Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) 4, ,158 Sport Utility Vehicle 2, ,510 Panel Van 4500 kg & under (Includes Mini Vans) 1, ,024 Bicycle 1, ,013 Motorcycle Tractor Trailer* Single Unit Truck/ Heavy* Heavy Truck/Trailer* Tractor Trailer & Pup* Truck & Camper Local Transit Bus Sport utility Vehicle & Trailer Logging Truck & Pole Trailer* Moped/Power Bicycle(<50CC) Passenger Car & Trailer Only Motor Home Panel Van 4500 kg & under & Trailer Light Truck/Trailer Tow Truck Combination Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Truck/ Camper & Trailer All-Terrain Cycle School Bus Intercity Bus General Construction Wheel Drive Vehicle Road Construction Farm Vehicle Trailer Only Trailer Bike Motor Home/Trailer Mini Bike Mobile Crane Snow Mobile Mobile Home Other Unknown Total 26, ,803 Note: 1) * These vehicles are defined as weighing 10,900 kg or over. 2) Includes motor vehicles, bicycles, and miscellaneous unclassified vehicle types. 3) The purpose of the above table is to illustrate the occurrences of particular vehicle types in collisions. As the table is counting "collisions" rather than "vehicles" (please see Table 6.04 for a vehicle count), some double counting of collisions occurs in the data. For example, a two vehicle fatal collision involving a passenger car and a logging truck will be counted above as both a fatal passenger car collision, and a fatal logging truck collision. Table 6.04 Number of Vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle type Total Vehicle type Injury Fatal Vehicles Total Passenger Car Only 19, , Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) 4, , Sport Utility Vehicle 2, , Panel Van 4500 kg & under (Includes Mini Vans) 2, , Bicycle 1, , Motorcycle Tractor Trailer* Single Unit Truck/ Heavy* Tractor Trailer & Pup* Heavy Truck/Trailer* Truck & Camper Local Transit Bus Sport utility Vehicle & Trailer Passenger Car & Trailer Only Logging Truck & Pole Trailer* Moped/Power Bicycle(<50CC) Panel Van 4500 kg & under & Trailer Motor Home Light Truck/Trailer Tow Truck Combination Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Truck/ Camper & Trailer All-Terrain Cycle School Bus Intercity Bus General Construction Wheel Drive Vehicle Road Construction Farm Vehicle Trailer Only Trailer Bike Mini Bike Motor Home/Trailer Mobile Crane Snow Mobile Mobile Home Other Unknown Total 33, , % Note: Includes motor vehicles, bicycles, and miscellaneous unclassified vehicle types. % of 32 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

47 Vehicles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 6 Table 6.05 Vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle use and type Vehicle Use Bus/ Drv Com- Train Recrea- Emer- Mili- Farm Towing Vehicle Type Parked Personal mercial Facility tional gency tary Taxi Use Govt /Towed Other Ukn Total Passenger Car Only , ,947 Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) 133 3, ,543 Sport Utility Vehicle 54 2, ,660 Panel Van 4500 kg & under (Includes Mini Vans) 61 1, ,166 Bicycle ,024 Motorcycle Tractor Trailer Single Unit Truck/ Heavy Tractor Trailer & Pup Heavy Truck/Trailer Truck & Camper Local Transit Bus Sport utility Vehicle & Trailer Passenger Car & Trailer Only Logging Truck & Pole Trailer Moped/Power Bicycle(<50CC) Panel Van 4500 kg & under & Trailer Motor Home Light Truck/Trailer Tow Truck Combination Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Truck/ Camper & Trailer All-Terrain Cycle School Bus Intercity Bus General Construction Wheel Drive Vehicle Road Construction Farm Vehicle Trailer Only Trailer Bike Mini Bike Motor Home/Trailer Mobile Crane Snow Mobile Mobile Home Unknown Other Total ,550 3, ,593 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 33

48 SECTION 6 Vehicles in 2006 Collisions Table 6.06 Stolen vehicles in 2006 collisions by month Month Injury Fatal Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

49 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions SECTION 7 The use of seat belts by motor vehicle drivers and passengers has been mandatory in British Columbia since In March 1985, child restraint legislation was passed, making it compulsory for children 18 kg and under to be secured in an approved child restraint. In police-attended injury collisions where driver restraint use was known, 90.4% of injured drivers were wearing a lap and harness (standard lap and shoulder belt assembly). Only 58.8% of drivers killed were wearing a lap and harness. Among victims killed in passenger cars, 35.8% were unrestrained whereas for victims killed in light trucks, 57.1% were unrestrained. The tables and graphs in this section strongly indicate the effectiveness of occupant restraints in reducing casualties. In 2006, 80.5% of the drivers involved in casualty collisions who did not use restraints were injured or killed, while 51.7% of those who used the standard lap and harness restraint system were injured or killed. Similarly, among vehicle passengers involved in casualty collisions, 79.4% of those not using a restraint were injured or killed compared to 47.3% using the standard lap and harness assembly. Among 811 passengers in child restraints, 169 (20.8%) were injured and none was killed. Note that these data include only casualty collisions (those in which at least one person was killed or injured). Therefore the data do not address the overall effectiveness of safety devices in preventing injury across all levels of crash severity. Statistics on occupants ejected from vehicles show that ejection carries a very high risk of injury or death. Among ejected or partially ejected drivers, 22.4% were killed and another 71.4% were injured. Similarly, 16.9% of ejected or partially ejected passengers were killed and 76.5% were injured. Child restraint apparently were effective in preventing children from being injured or killed in crashes. Table 7.01 Type of restraint used by drivers Not % Safety Equipment Injured Injured Killed Total Total Lap & Harness with no Air Bag Deployed 10,917 9, , Lap & harness & Air Bag Deployed 1,240 3, , Lap Belt Only , No Restraint Used Air Bag Deployed(No Restraint Used) Position Not Equipped Restraint Inoperative/Broken Misuse of Restraint Child Restraint Used Other Unknown 2, , Total 15,150 15, , % Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. Table 7.02 Type of restraint used by passengers Not % Safety Equipment Injured Injured Killed Total Total Lap & Harness with no Air Bag Deployed 4,801 4, , Lap & harness & Air Bag Deployed 452 1, , Lap Belt Only Child Restraint Used No Restraint Used Position Not Equipped Air Bag Deployed(No Restraint Used) Misuse of Restraint Restraint Inoperative/Broken Misuse of Child Restraint Other Unknown Total 7,080 7, , % Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 35

50 SECTION 7 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions Table 7.03 Restraint use by victims injured in collisions by position in vehicle Front Front Back Back Back In the Hanging Seat Seat Seat Seat Seat Cargo on % of Safety Equipment Drivers Centre Right Left Centre Right Area Outside Other Unk Total Total Lap & Harness with no Air Bag Deployed 9, , , Lap & harness & Air Bag Deployed 3, , No Restraint Used , Lap Belt Only Air Bag Deployed(No Restraint Used) Child Restraint Used Position Not Equipped Restraint Inoperative/Broken Misuse of Restraint Misuse of Child Restraint Other Unknown , Total 15, , , % Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. Table 7.04 Restraint use by victims killed in collisions by position in vehicle Front Front Back Back Back In the Hanging Seat Seat Seat Seat Seat Cargo on % of Safety Equipment Drivers Right Centre Left Centre Right Area Outside Total Total No Restraint Used Lap & Harness with no Air Bag Deployed Lap & harness & Air Bag Deployed Air Bag Deployed(No Restraint Used) Lap Belt Only Position Not Equipped Misuse of Restraint Restraint Inoperative/Broken Unknown Total % Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. 36 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

51 Table 7.05 Driver age by restraint use for drivers injured Air Bag Lap & Lap & Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions SECTION 7 No Deployed Restraint Harness & Harness Driver Position Restraint Lap Belt No Rest Inoperative Air Bag No Air Bag Misuse of % of Age Not Equipped Used Only Used /Broken Deployed Deployed Restraint Other Unknown Total Total , , , , , , Unknown Total ,247 9, ,249 99% Note: Excludes drivers of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 37

52 SECTION 7 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions Table 7.06 Driver age by restraint use for drivers killed Air Bag Lap & Lap & No Deployed Harness & Harness Driver Restraint Lap Belt No Rest Air Bag No Air Bag Misuse of Age Used Only Used Deployed Deployed Restraint Unknown Total % of Total Unknown Total % Note: 1) Excludes drivers of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. 2) Types of restraint use categories with zero fatality counts are not included in this table. 38 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

53 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions SECTION 7 Figure 7.01 Restraint use by drivers injured Restrained 84% Air Bag Deployed No restraint Used 7% Restraint Inoperative/Broken 1% Other 1% Other 15% Lap Belt Only 24% Unknown 42% No Restraint Used 24% Position Not Equipped 1% Note: Restrained includes Lap and harness and air bag deployed and Lap and harness with no air bag deployed. Figure 7.02 Restraint use by drivers killed Restrained 55% No Restraint Used 72% Other 45% Lap Belt Only 2% Unknown 17% Air Bag Deployed No restraint Used 9% Note: Restrained includes Lap and harness with air bag deployed and Lap and harness with no air bag deployed. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 39

54 SECTION 7 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions Table 7.07 Passenger age by restraint use for injured passengers Air Bag Lap & Lap & Pass- Position No Lap Deployed Child Restraint Harness & Harness Misuse Misuse of enger Not Restraint Belt No Rest Restraint Inoperative Air Bag No Air Bag of Child % of Age Equipped Used Only Used Used /Broken Deployed Deployed Restraint Restraint Other Ukn Total Total Unknown Total ,064 4, , % Note: Excludes drivers of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. 40 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

55 SECTION 7 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions Table 7.08 Passenger age by restraint use for passengers killed Air Bag Lap & Lap & Pass- Position No Deployed Restraint Harness & Harness enger Not Restraint Lap Belt No Rest Inoperative Air Bag No Air Bag Age Equipped Used Only Used /Broken Deployed Deployed Unknown Total % of Total Unknown Total % Note: Excludes drivers of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 41

56 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions SECTION 7 Figure 7.03 Restraint use by injured passengers Restrained 79% Other 21% No Restraint Used 35% Lap Belt Only 25% Air Bag Deployed No restraint Used 4% Restraint Inoperative/Broken 0% Other 1% Position Not Equipped 6% Unknown 29% Note: Restrained includes lap and harness and air bag deployed, lap and harness with no air bag deployed, lap & harness and child restraint used Figure 7.04 Restraint use by passengers killed Restrained 47% No Restraint Used 72% Lap Belt Only 4% Air Bag Deployed No restraint Used 4% Other 53% Unknown 20% Note: Restrained includes lap and harness and air bag deployed and lap and harness with no air bag deployed. 42 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

57 SECTION 7 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions Table 7.09 Ejection of drivers and injury outcome in casualty collisions Not Ejection Injured Injured Killed Total Not Ejected 14,948 15, ,195 Partially Ejected Ejected Unknown Total 15,150 15, ,591 Note: Excludes drivers of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. Table 7.10 Ejection of passengers and injury outcome in casualty collisions Not Ejection Injured Injured Killed Total Not Ejected 7,039 6, ,007 Partially Ejected Ejected Unknown Total 7,080 7, ,248 Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. Table 7.11 Restraint use and occupant ejection for vehicle occupants Not Partially Safety Equipment Ejected Ejected Ejected Ukn Total Lap & Harness with no Air Bag Deployed 29, ,802 Lap & harness & Air Bag Deployed 6, ,061 Lap Belt Only 1, ,009 No Restraint Used 1, ,471 Child Restraint Used Air Bag Deployed(No Restraint Used) Position Not Equipped Restraint Inoperative/Broken Misuse of Restraint Misuse of Child Restraint Other Unknown 3, ,039 Total 44, ,839 Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 43

58 Table 7.12 Restraint use by victims injured by vehicle type Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions SECTION 7 Air Bag Lap & Lap & Position No Deployed Child Restraint Harness & Harness Misuse of Not Restraint Lap Belt No Rest Restraint Inoperative Air Bag No Air Bag Misuse of Child Vehicle Type Equipped Used Only Used Used /Broken Deployed Deployed Restraint Restraint Other Ukn Total Passenger Car Only ,267 9, ,165 Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) , ,797 Sport Utility Vehicle , ,953 Panel Van 4500 kg & under (Includes Mini Vans) ,435 Tractor Trailer Single Unit Truck/ Heavy Truck & Camper Sport utility Vehicle & Trailer Motor Home Passenger Car & Trailer Only Logging Truck & Pole Trailer Tractor Trailer & Pup Panel Van 4500 kg & under & Trailer Local Transit Bus Truck/ Camper & Trailer Combination Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Light Truck/Trailer Heavy Truck/Trailer Tow Truck School Bus Intercity Bus Wheel Drive Vehicle Road Construction Farm Vehicle General Construction Motor Home/Trailer Mobile Crane Other UK Total 115 1, ,311 13, ,401 22,324 Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. 44 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

59 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions SECTION 7 Table 7.13 Restraint use by victims killed by vehicle type Air Bag Lap & Lap & Position No Deployed Restraint Harness & Harness Not Restraint Lap Belt No Rest Inoperative Air Bag No Air Bag Misuse of Vehicle Type Equipped Used Only Used /Broken Deployed Deployed Restraint Unknown Total Passenger Car Only Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) Sport Utility Vehicle Panel/Mini Van 4,500 kg & under Tractor Trailer Combination Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Tractor Trailer & Pup Heavy Truck/Trailer Log Truck & Pole Trailer Passenger Car & Trailer Only Sport utility Vehicle & Trailer Single Unit Truck/ Heavy Tow Truck Motor Home Total Note: Excludes occupants of motorcycles, snowmobiles and bicycles. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 45

60 SECTION 7 Occupant Restraint Use in 2006 Collisions 46 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

61 Environmental Conditions and Collision Context SECTION 8 The environmental conditions that are reported in police attended casualty collisions do not vary greatly from year to year. Environmental factors were reported to contribute to 16.9% of the collisions in which factors were reported in This figure was 16.1% in In general, the degree to which certain environmental conditions are represented in collisions reflects the degree to which these conditions are found in the overall environment. For example, the majority of collisions occur on asphalt roads because asphalt is the predominant road surface in the province. In 2006, of the 19,285 casualty collisions, 96.0% occurred on asphalt roads; 63.4% happened in daylight; 62.3% took place on dry road surfaces and 51.8% occurred under clear weather conditions. More than half of the injury collisions in 2006 took place in urban residential areas or business or shopping districts. These two areas accounted for 56.7% of all 2006 injury collisions. In fatal collisions, about 31.6% occurred in agricultural or undeveloped areas while urban residential and business or shopping districts together accounted for 30.0% of the fatal collisions. A little more than one half of all casualty collisions (56.8%) took place on roads where the speed limit is 50 km/h. This is likely because a 50 km/h speed limit applies to the largest distance of roads in the province. Speed limits of 80 km/h and greater accounted for 23.2% of all injury collisions and 50.3% of all fatal collisions. In 2006, 56.8% of all casualty collisions occurred in locations without traffic control devices and 15.8% of these collisions took place at intersections. Locations with illuminated traffic signals accounted for 19.0% of all 2006 casualty collisions and locations with stops signs accounted for 11.7%. Overall, 41.8% of casualty collisions occurred at intersections. Table 8.01 Collisions by road surface type % of Road Surface Type Injury Fatal Total Total Asphalt 18, , Gravel Concrete Earth Oiled Gravel Wood Brick/Stone Other Unknown Total 18, , % Table 8.02 Collisions by roadway surface condition Road % of Surface Injury Fatal Total Total Dry 11, , Wet 5, , Ice Snow Slush Muddy Other Unknown Total 18, , % British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 47

62 SECTION 8 Environmental Conditions and Collision Context in 2006 Table 8.03 Collisions by lighting condition % of Lighting condition Injury Fatal Total Total Daylight 12, , Dark/Some Illumination 2, , Dark/No Illumination 1, , Table 8.04 Collisions by weather condition % of Weather Condition Injury Fatal Total Total Clear 9, , Cloudy 4, , Raining 3, , Dark/Full Illumination 1, , Dusk Dawn Other Unknown Total 18, , % Snowing Fog Strong Wind Hail Smog/Smoke Other Unknown Total 18, , % Table 8.05 Collisions by land usage % of Land Use Injury Fatal Total Total Urban Residential 6, , Business / Shopping 4, , Agricultural / Undeveloped 2, , Rural Residential 2, , Industrial / Manufacturing 1, , Apartment Residential School/Playground Recreational / Park / Camping Other Unknown Total 18, , % Table 8.06 Collisions by collision location % of Collision Location Injury Fatal Total Total Between Intersection:Exchanges 7, , At intersection 7, , Intersection of Road & Driveway or Alley Off Highway Parking Lot:Single/Multilevel Bridge Entrance Ramp Exit Ramp Entrance Intersection Entrance Acceleration Lane Industrial Road Exit Intersection Railroad crossing Tunnel Exit Deceleration lane Ferry or Dock Transit -Express Lane Other Unknown Total 18, , % 48 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

63 Table 8.07 Collisions by road jurisdiction Road % of Jurisdiction Injury Fatal Total Total City/Muni Street 12, , Prov Highway 5, , Rural Road , Environmental Conditions and Collision Context in 2006 SECTION 8 Table 8.08 Collisions by speed limit % % of Speed Injury Fatal Total Fatal Total Posted at 10 km/hr Posted at 20 km/hr Posted at 30 km/hr Total 18, , % Posted at 40 km/hr Posted at 50 km/hr 8, , Posted at 60 km/hr 2, , Table 8.09 Collisions by advisory speed limit Speed Injury Fatal Total Advisory - 10 km/hr Advisory - 20 km/hr Advisory - 30 km/hr Advisory - 40 km/hr Advisory - 50 km/hr Advisory - 60 km/hr Advisory - 70 km/hr Advisory - 80 km/hr Advisory km/hr NA 18, ,607 Total 18, ,285 Posted at 70 km/hr Posted at 80 km/hr 1, , Posted at 90 km/hr 1, , Posted at 100 km/hr 1, , Posted at 110 km/hr Special - 10 km/hr Special - 20 km/hr Special - 30 km/hr Special - 40 km/hr Special - 50 km/hr Special - 60 km/hr Special - 80 km/hr Special - 90 km/hr Special km/hr Not posted - 10 km/hr Not posted - 20 km/hr Not posted - 30 km/hr Not posted - 40 km/hr Not posted - 50 km/hr 1, , Not posted - 60 km/hr Not posted - 70 km/hr Not posted - 80 km/hr Not posted - 90 km/hr Other NA 1, , NA Total 18, , % 100% Note: '% Fatal' is fatal collisions out of the total of a given speed category. % of total excluded 'NA'. % of Total calculated with 'NA' removed. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 49

64 SECTION 8 Environmental Conditions and Collision Context in 2006 Figure Proportion of fatal to total casualty collisions by speed limit 6.00% 5.00% 4.66% 5.15% 4.00% 3.41% 3.00% 2.85% 2.00% 1.00% 0.79% 1.12% 1.61% 0.00% Less Than 50 km/hr 50 km/hr 60 km/hr 70 km/hr 80 km/hr 90 km/hr Greater Than 90 km/hr Table 8.10 Collisions by traffic control device Control Device Injury Fatal Total % of Total None 10, , Stop Sign 2, , Yield Sign Officer/Flagman/School Guard Railroad Crossing Sign Lane Use Turn Control Sign Traffic Signal 3, , Traffic Signal with Advance Flashers Flashing Signal Lane Use Signal Not Applicable Other Unknown Table 8.11 Collisions at intersection by traffic control device Control Device Injury Fatal Total % of Total Traffic Signal 3, , Stop Sign 2, , None 1, , Traffic Signal with Advance Flashers Yield Sign Flashing Signal Lane Use Turn Control Sign Officer/Flagman/School Guard Lane Use Signal Railroad Crossing Sign Other Unknown Total 7, , Total 18, , % 50 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

65 Environmental Conditions and Collision Context SECTION 8 Table 8.12 Traffic control device and collision location Control Device Officer/Flg/ Railrd Ln Use Signal with Land Stop Yield School Xing Turn Traffic Adv. Flashing Use Collision Location Sign Sign Guard Sign Ctrl Sign Signal Flashers Signal Signal None Other Ukn NA Total Between Intersection:Exchanges , ,185 At intersection 2, , , ,063 Intersection of Road & Driveway or Alley Off Highway Parking Lot:Single/Multilevel Bridge Entrance Ramp Exit Ramp Entrance Intersection Entrance Acceleration Lane Industrial Road Exit Intersection Railroad crossing Tunnel Exit Deceleration lane Ferry or Dock Transit -Express Lane Other Unknown Total 2, , , ,285 Table 8.13 Fatal collision by regular speed limit and advisory speed limit Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Speed 30 km/hr 40 km/hr 50 km/hr 60 km/hr 70 km/hr 80 km/hr Total Posted at 20 km/hr Posted at 30 km/hr Posted at 40 km/hr Posted at 50 km/hr Posted at 60 km/hr Posted at 70 km/hr Posted at 80 km/hr Posted at 90 km/hr Posted at 100 km/hr Posted at 110 km/hr Not posted - 30 km/hr Not posted - 50 km/hr Not posted - 80 km/hr Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 51

66 SECTION 8 Environmental Conditions and Collision Context Table 8.14 Injury collision by regular speed limit and advisory speed limit Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Speed 10 km/hr 20 km/hr 30 km/hr 40 km/hr 50 km/hr 60 km/hr 70 km/hr 80 km/hr 100 km/hr Total Posted at 10 km/hr Posted at 20 km/hr Posted at 30 km/hr Posted at 40 km/hr Posted at 50 km/hr Posted at 60 km/hr Posted at 70 km/hr Posted at 80 km/hr Posted at 90 km/hr Posted at 100 km/hr Posted at 110 km/hr Special - 10 km/hr Special - 20 km/hr Special - 30 km/hr Special - 40 km/hr Special - 50 km/hr Special - 60 km/hr Special - 80 km/hr Special - 90 km/hr Special km/hr Not posted - 10 km/hr Not posted - 20 km/hr Not posted - 30 km/hr Not posted - 40 km/hr Not posted - 50 km/hr Not posted - 60 km/hr Not posted - 70 km/hr Not posted - 80 km/hr Not posted - 90 km/hr Other Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

67 Collision Configurations in 2006 SECTION 9 The distribution of police-attended casualty collisions among the various collision configurations changes little from year to year. In this section, non-single vehicle collisions are those that involve either more than one vehicle or a vehicle and another entity, such as a pedestrian or a cyclist. Multi-vehicle collisions include collisions that involved vehicles only. About 71.0% of police attended casualty collisions were non-single vehicle collisions and 29.0% were single vehicle collisions. Multi-vehicle collisions account for 55.9% of total casualty collisions. Of all fatal collisions, 40.0% involved a single vehicle. Thus non-single vehicle collisions are more common, but single vehicle collisions are more often fatal. Rear-end collisions are the most common type of non-single vehicle casualty collision, accounting for 27.2% of all such collisions in The next most frequent type is right-angle collisions, which made up 21.1% of the non-single vehicle collisions, followed by turning left across on-coming traffic at 12.9%. Head-on collisions were the most frequent occurrence among fatal non-single vehicle collisions, accounting for 20.0% of all fatal collisions (Table 9.03). Of all single vehicle casualty collisions, 44.9% involved travelling off the road to the right, followed by travelling off the road to the left (29.3%). Single and multiple vehicle collisions by collision type Injury Fatal Total Casulty Collisions Single Vehicle Collisions 40.00% Non-single Vehicle Collisions 28.88% 71.12% 29.09% 70.91% 60.00% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Percent of Total Collision Type Table 9.01 Collisions by primary collision occurrence % of Primary Collision occurrence Injury Fatal Total Total Rear End 3, , Intersection - Right Angle 2, , Off Road Right 2, , Left Turn-Across Oncoming Traffic 1, , Off Road Left 1, , Head On Left Turn - Head On Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Overtaking Backing Up Right Turn - Head On Right Turn - Rear End Left Turn - One Way Right Turn-Opposite Direction Right Turn - Same Direction One Way Street Other 2, , Unknown Total 18, , % Table 9.02 Single vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence % of Primary Collision occurrence Injury Fatal Total Total Off Road Right 2, , Off Road Left 1, , Head On Intersection - Right Angle Rear End Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Backing Up Right Turn-Opposite Direction Left Turn - Head On Overtaking Left Turn-Across Oncoming Traffic Right Turn - Same Direction Right Turn - Rear End Left Turn - One Way One Way Street Right Turn - Head On Other Unknown Total 5, , % Note: Single vehicle collisions are those that do not involve any other entities. For example, a collision involving a vehicle and a pedestrian is not a single vehicle collision. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 53

68 SECTION 9 Collision Configurations in 2006 Table 9.03 Non-single vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence % of Primary Collision Occurrence Injury Fatal Total Total Rear End 3, , Intersection - Right Angle 2, , Left Turn-Across Oncoming Traffic 1, , Head On Left Turn - Head On Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Overtaking Backing Up Right Turn - Head On Right Turn - Rear End Left Turn - One Way Off Road Right Off Road Left Right Turn - Same Direction One Way Street Right Turn-Opposite Direction Other 1, , Unknown Total 13, , % Note: Non-single vehicle collisions are those that involve either more than one vehicle or a vehicle and another entity, such as a pedestrian or a cyclist. Table 9.04 Multi-vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence % of Primary Collision Occurrence Injury Fatal Total Total Rear End 3, , Intersection - Right Angle 2, , Left Turn-Across Oncoming Traffic 1, , Head On Left Turn - Head On Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Overtaking Left Turn - One Way Off Road Right Off Road Left Right Turn - Rear End Backing Up One Way Street Right Turn - Head On Right Turn-Opposite Direction Right Turn - Same Direction Other Unknown Total 10, , % Note: Unlike Table 9.03, this table does not include collisions that involved a vehicle and another entity such as a pedestrian or a cyclist. 54 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

69 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 10 Alcohol-related collisions presented in this report are those police-attended collisions where either alcohol suspected or alcohol impaired was judged to be a contributing factor to the collision. These also include collisions where a pedestrian or bicyclist was judged to be impaired. This judgement is made by an attending police officer and is very often (but not always) supported by breathalyzer tests, toxicology reports or other formal measures of alcohol presence. Furthermore, the alcohol involvement factor does not always implicate the laying of charges in this connection. Police reports tend to underestimate the presence of alcohol in collisions. Where toxicology reports are available for fatally injured victims, they show a higher proportion of alcohol involvement. Collisions Note that prior to 2004, there was only one alcohol-related contributing factor available on the collision form. This was replaced by two factors, alcohol suspected and alcohol impaired. The guideline for this assignment are provided on page ix. In 2006, 2,000 (10.6%) of all police attended injury collisions and 98 (26.5%) of all reported fatal collisions involved alcohol. The number of alcohol-related injury collisions in 2006 was 189 fewer than the number in 2005 (2,189). Close to 4.7% of the alcohol-related casualty collisions resulted in death in Casualties Approximately 27.6% of all persons killed in motor vehicle collisions in 2006 were victims of collisions involving alcohol. Of all the injured victims (2,898) in 2006 alcohol-related collisions, 70.4% were in or on the drinking driver s vehicle. Similarly, 88.6% of all victims killed (114) in 2006 alcohol-related collisions were in the drinking-driver s vehicle. There were 13 (out of 114) persons killed that were not in the drinking drivers vehicle. Five of these were pedestrians. Collisions involving drinking drivers only (i.e., excluding collisions that involved drinking pedestrians and bicyclists) resulted in 2,771 victims injured and 106 victims killed. Driver age and gender Of all drivers with an alcohol factor involved in police attended casualty collisions, 82.0% were male. With respect to age, 5.9% of the alcohol-involved drivers were under the legal drinking age of 19. Most of these young drivers were aged 18, as very few drivers under age 18 are involved in alcohol-related collisions (see Table 10.08). The group year old males accounted for the highest number of drinking drivers in collisions among 5-year age groupings. For females, alcohol involved collisions peaked in the and groups. However, 20 year olds (both male and female) accounted for the highest number of alcohol related collisions for any single year of age. After the age of 24, alcohol involvement in collisions declines for both males and females. Time of occurrence Consistent with previous years, alcohol-related casualty collisions are more likely to occur on weekends (Friday, Saturday, Sunday) than on weekdays. In 2006, approximately 63.8% of all alcohol-related injury collisions occurred on weekends. Likewise, 67.3% of all alcohol-related fatal collisions happened on weekends. The highest risk times for alcohol-related injury collisions are between the hours of 9:00pm and 3:00am. Collisions occurring during this period accounted for about 46.3% of all alcohol-related injury collisions. There peak for alcohol-related fatal collisions occurred between midnight and 1:00am. The 2006 fatal collision counts and fatality counts may be lower than they would be in the absence of the fatality reconciliation and are not comparable to prior years (See page i). No changes have been made to the reporting of injury collisions. A l c ohol R e l a t e d I njury C oll i s i ons an d V i c t i m s A l coh o l R elated Fatal C o l l i sio n s a n d Vi cti m s C o llisio n s V ictims 3,269 3,326 2,927 3,172 2,898 2,18 9 2,10 2 2,080 2,000 1, C o llisio ns V ictims British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 55

70 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Alcohol related collisions and victims by month Collisions Victims Month Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total 2, ,098 2, ,012 Note: 1) Includes pedestrians with the alcohol factor who were responsible for the collision. 2) Alcohol factors include Ability Impaired by Alcohol, and Alcohol Suspected. Figure Alcohol related collisions: Collisions and victims by month Number of Collisions/Victims Collisions Victims 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 56 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

71 Table Alcohol related collisions by alcohol factors and month Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 10 Alcohol Impaired Alcohol Suspected Collision Type Month Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Grand Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total ,032 1, ,070 2,102 Note: The grand total includes duplicate counts in collisions where more than one of the two factors were assigned. Table Victims in alcohol related collisions by alcohol factors and month Alcohol Impaired Alcohol Suspected Victims Month Injured Killed Total Injured Killed Total Grand Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total 1, ,500 1, ,518 3,018 Note: The grand total includes duplicate counts of victims in collisions where more than one of the two factors were assigned. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 57

72 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Alcohol related injury collisions by day of week and hour of collision % of Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Total Unknown Total , % 58 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

73 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 10 Figure Distribution of alcohol related collisions and victims by collision hour Number of Total Collisions/Total Victims Total Collisions Total Victims am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm Note: Includes both injury and fatal collisions and both injured and killed victims. Figure Distribution of alcohol related collisions and victims by day of week Number of Total Collisions/Total Victims Total Collisions Total Victims 0 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Note: Includes both injury and fatal collisions and both injured and killed victims. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 59

74 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Alcohol related fatal collisions by day of week and hour of collision Total % of Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Collisions Total Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

75 Figure Drinking drivers involved in alcohol related collisions by driver age and gender Number of Drivers Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION Male Female 0 Under Figure Non drinking drivers involved in alcohol related collisions by driver age and gender Number of Drivers Male Female British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 61

76 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Drinking drivers* involved in alcohol related collisions by driver age and gender. Injury Fatal Age Male Female Total Male Female Total Unknown Total 1, , Note: Motor vehicle drivers only and does not include gender unknown (66). Table Drivers in alcohol-related collisions by age and gender Non drinking drivers Injury Fatal Age Male Female Total Male Female Total Unknown Total Note: Motor vehicle drivers only and does not include gender unknown (32). 62 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

77 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 10 Table Drinking drivers involved in alcohol related collisions compared to all licensed drivers by age # of Drivers % of Total Active % of Total Involved in Drivers Involved Licensed Driver Alcohol-related in Alcohol-related Driver Age Drivers Population Collisions Collisions 2 Under , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Unknown Total 2,955, % 1, % Note: 1) Data source for active licensed drivers in 2006 was Business Information Warehouse. 2) Total number of collision involved drivers in the age group as a percentage of the total number of drivers involved in alcohol related collisions. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 63

78 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Victims injured in alcohol related collisions by victim age and road user class Victim Hanging Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger on Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Other Unknown Total Unknown Total 1, , British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

79 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 10 Table Victims killed in alcohol related collisions by victim age and road user class Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Total Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 65

80 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Victims injured in alcohol-related collisions in drinking drivers' vehicles by victim age and road user class (or where pedestrian was drinking 1 ) Victim Hanging Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger on 2 Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Other Unknown Total Unknown Total 1, ,039 Note: 1) The alcohol contributing factor is only assigned to drivers and pedestrians. Passengers and hanging-on included in this report were victims who were in/on a drinking driver's vehicle. 2) Hanging-on' refers to those hanging on a vehicle at the time of collision. 66 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

81 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 10 Figure Victim s injured in alcohol related collisions Driver A B Passenger C D Hanging-on C Pedestrian A B Bicycle Driver A B B M otorcycle D river A B M otorcycle Passenger C C D D 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% P ercent of To tal Victim s A: Drinking B: Not drinking C: In/on drinking driver's vehicle D: Not in/on drinking driver's vehicle Figure Victims killed in alcohol related collisions Driver A B Passenger C D Pedestrian A D B B Bicycle Driver A B Motorcycle Driver A B 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% A Percent of Total Victims A: Drinking B: Not drinking C: In/on drinking driver's vehicle D: Not in/on drinking driver's vehicle British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 67

82 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Victims killed in alcohol-related collisions in drinking drivers' vehicles by age and road user class (or where pedestrian was drinking) Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Total Total Note: The alcohol contributing factor is only assigned to drivers and pedestrians. Passengers included in this report were victims who were in/on a drinking driver's vehicle. 68 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

83 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 10 Table Victims injured by victim age and road user class for victims not in drinking driver's vehicle in alcohol related collisions Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Total Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 69

84 SECTION 10 Alcohol Related Collisions in 2006 Table Victims killed in alcohol-related collisions by victim age and road user class for victims not in drinking driver's vehicle Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Pedestrian Driver Driver Total Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

85 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Speed related collisions in this report are those police-reported casualty collisions where speed was judged to be a contributing factor to the collision. This judgment is made by the attending police officer and may not always be accompanied by the laying of speed-related charges. However, the judgment will generally be supported by evidence presented by witnesses, indications of excessive skidding or severe crush zones on the damaged vehicles. Of 3,718 collisions where one or more of the three speed-related factors was assigned, Driving too Fast for Conditions made up 62.2%. Exceeding Speed Limit accounted for 33.3 % and Excessive Speed (i.e. driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit) made up 4.4%. Collisions During 2006 speed was involved in 3,388 (17.9%) of all reported injury collisions, and 120 (32.4%) of reported fatal collisions. In 2006, the total of the three speed related contributing factors were collectively the most cited contributing factor to fatal collisions (See Table 3.07 in Section 3). Casualties A total of 5,068 victims were injured and another 146 victims were killed in collisions involving speed in About 3.4% of the speed related casualty collisions resulted in death in 2006 while about 1.6% of collisions caused by contributing factors other than speed resulted in death in the same year. Approximately 35.4% of persons killed in motor vehicle collisions in 2006 were victims of collisions involving speed. During 2006, 74.8% (3,791) of victims injured in speed related collisions were in speeding vehicles or those travelling too fast for conditions. Similarly, 90.4% (132) of all victims killed in speed related collisions were in the speed-implicated vehicles. Driver age and gender Involvement in speed-related collisions is strongly associated with being young and being male. Of all drivers travelling in speed-implicated vehicles involved in a casualty collision in 2006, 72.7% were male. Of these male drivers, about 23.0% were between the ages of 16 and 20, and 32.1% were between the ages of 21 and 30. Among speeding female drivers in casualty collisions, 21.7% of them were between the ages of 16 and 20, and 27.6% were between the ages of 21 and 30. The involvement in speed-related collisions drops off sharply for drivers over 25. Time of occurrence Casualty collisions involving speed are more likely to occur on weekend days (Friday, Saturday, Sunday) than on weekdays. In 2006, 50.0% of all speed related injury collisions occurred on a weekend. As for all speed related fatal collisions, 60.0% happened on a weekend. There is a peak occurrence for speed related injury collisions between 3pm and 4pm, similar to the pattern for total casualty collisions. For fatal collisions, the peaks were between 11 pm and midnight. The 2006 fatal collision counts and fatality counts may be lower than they would be in the absence of the fatality reconciliation and are not comparable to prior years (See page i). No changes have been made to the reporting of injury collisions. Sp eed Related In ju ry C o llisio n s an d Victim s Speed Related Fatal Collisions and Victim s C o llisions V ictims 5,8 55 5,556 5,4 56 5,441 5,068 3,646 3,535 3,558 3,388 3, Co llisions V ictims British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 71

86 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Table Speed related collisions and victims by month Collisions Victims Month Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total 3, ,508 5, ,214 Figure Speed type in speed related collisions by month Exceed Speed Limit Speed over 40km/hr Too fast for conditions Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Note: This graph was based on Table British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

87 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Table Speed related collisions by speed factors and month Exceed Speed Limit Speed over 40km/hr Too fast for conditions Grand Month Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total 1, , , ,314 3,718 Note: The grand total includes duplicate counts of collisions where more than one of the three factors were assigned. Table Victims in speed related collisions by speed factors and month Exceed Speed Limit Speed over 40km/hr Too fast for conditions Grand Month Injured Killed Total Injured Killed Total Injured Killed Total Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total 1, , , ,318 5,516 Note: The grand total includes duplicate counts of victims in collisions where more than one of the four factors were assigned. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 73

88 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Table Speed related injury collisions by day of week and hour of collision Total % of Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Collisions Total Unknown Total , % 74 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

89 Table Speed related fatal collisions by day of week and by hour of collision Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 % of Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Total Total % British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 75

90 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Figure Speed related collisions and victims by collision hour Number of Collisions and Victims Collisions Victims 0 12am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am 6am 7am 8am 9am 10am 11am 12pm 1pm 2pm 3pm 4pm 5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm 9pm 10pm 11pm Note: Includes both injury and fatal collisions and both injured and killed victims and excludes time unknown. Figure Speed related collisions and victims by day of week 1,200 Number of Collisions and Victims Collisions Victims 1, Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Note: Includes both injury and fatal collisions and both injured and killed victims. 76 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

91 Table Age and gender of speeding drivers involved in speed related collisions Injury Fatal Driver Age Male Female Total Male Female Total Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Table Age and gender of nonspeeding drivers involved in speed related collisions Injury Fatal Driver Age Male Female Total Male Female Total Unknown Total , Note: Vehicle drivers only. Excludes drivers with gender unknown Unknown Total 2, , Note: Vehicle drivers only. Excludes drivers with gender unknown. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 77

92 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Figure Drivers of speeding vehicles in speed related collisions Number of drivers Male Female Under Unknown Note: Speeding vehicles refer to vehicles exceeding speed limit, in excess of 40km/hour over speed limit and those travelling too fast for conditions. Figure Drivers not in speeding vehicles involved in speed related collisions Number of drivers Male Female Note: Speeding vehicles refer to vehicles exceeding speed lim it, in excess of 40km /hour over speed lim it and those travelling too fast for conditions. 78 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

93 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Table Licensed drivers and drivers involved in speed related collisions (speeding vehicle drivers only) by age # of Drivers % of Total % of Total Involved in Drivers Involved Licensed Driver speed related in speed related Driver Age Drivers Population Collisions Collisions 2 Under , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Unknown Total 2,955, % 3, % Note: 1) Data source for active licensed drivers in 2006 was Business Information Warehouse. 2) Total number of collision involved drivers in the age group as a percentage of the total number of drivers involved in speed related collisions. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 79

94 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Table Victims injured by victim age and road user class in speed related collisions Victim Hanging Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger on Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Other Unknown Total Unknown Total 3,080 1, , British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

95 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Table Victims killed by victim age and road user class in speed related collisions Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Pedestrian Driver Driver Passenger Total Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 81

96 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Table Victims injured in speeding vehicles by victim age and road user class Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Hanging on Driver Driver Passenger Other Unknown Total Unknown Total 2,283 1, ,791 Note: Speeding vehicles refer to vehicles exceeding speed limit, in excess of 40km/hour over speed limit and those travelling too fast for conditions. 82 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

97 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Table Victims killed in speeding vehicles by victim age and road user class Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Driver Driver Passenger Total Unknown Total Note: Speeding vehicles refer to vehicles exceeding speed limit, in excess of 40km/hour over speed limit and those travelling too fast for conditions. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 83

98 Figure Victim s injured 1 in speed related collisions in/not in speeding vehicles 2 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 In/O n S peeding V ehicle N ot in S peeding V ehicle Driver P assenger H anging-on P edestrian Bicycle Driver M otorcycle D river M otorcycle P assenger O ther U nknown 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% P ercent of To tal Injured V ictim s in E ach R oad User Class N ote: 1) See Table for total victim s injured in each road user class. 2) S peeding vehicles refer to vehicles exceeding speed lim it, in excess of 40km /hour over speed lim it and those travelling too fast for conditions. F ig u re V ictim s killed 1 in speed related collisions in/not in speedin g vehicles 2 In S peeding V ehicle N ot in S peeding V ehicle Drive r P assenger P edestrian B icycle Driver M o to rcycle Driver M otorcycle P assenger 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% P ercent o f T o tal Kille d V ictim s in E a c h R oad User Class N o te: 1 ) Se e T a b le for total victim s injure d in e a ch ro a d u ser class. 2 ) S peedin g vehicles refer to vehicles e xceedin g sp e e d lim it, in e xcess o f 4 0 km /hour o ver sp e e d lim it a n d those travellin g to o fast for conditions. 84 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

99 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Table Victims injured in speed related collisions by victim age and road user class not in speeding vehicles Victim Bicycle Motorcycle Age Driver Passenger Hanging on Pedestrian Driver Driver Unknown Total Unknown Total ,277 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 85

100 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Table Victims killed in speed related collisions by victim age and road user class not in speeding vehicles Victim Age Driver Passenger Pedestrian Bicycle Driver Total Total Note: Speeding vehicles refer to vehicles exceeding speed limit, in excess of 40km/hour over speed limit and those travelling too fast for conditions. Table Speed related collisions by speed limit and road jurisdiction City/Municipal street Speed Limit Injury Fatal Total Posted at 10 km/hr Posted at 20 km/hr Posted at 30 km/hr Posted at 40 km/hr Posted at 50 km/hr Posted at 60 km/hr Posted at 70 km/hr Posted at 80 km/hr Posted at 90 km/hr Posted at 100 km/hr Posted at 110 km/hr Special - 30 km/hr Special - 40 km/hr Not posted - 10 km/hr Not posted - 20 km/hr Not posted - 30 km/hr Not posted - 40 km/hr Not posted - 50 km/hr Not posted - 60 km/hr Not posted - 70 km/hr Not posted - 80 km/hr Other Unknown Total 1, , British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

101 Table Speed related collisions by speed limit and road jurisdiction Provincial highway Speed Limit Injury Fatal Total Posted at 10 km/hr Posted at 20 km/hr Posted at 30 km/hr Posted at 40 km/hr Posted at 50 km/hr Posted at 60 km/hr Posted at 70 km/hr Posted at 80 km/hr Posted at 90 km/hr Posted at 100 km/hr Posted at 110 km/hr Special - 50 km/hr Special - 60 km/hr Not posted - 20 km/hr Not posted - 50 km/hr Not posted - 80 km/hr Not posted - 90 km/hr Unknown Total 1, ,438 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 SECTION 11 Table Speed related collisions by speed limit and road jurisdiction Rural road Speed Limit Injury Fatal Total Posted at 30 km/hr Posted at 40 km/hr Posted at 50 km/hr Posted at 60 km/hr Posted at 70 km/hr Posted at 80 km/hr Posted at 90 km/hr Posted at 100 km/hr Posted at 110 km/hr Special - 80 km/hr Not posted - 10 km/hr Not posted - 40 km/hr Not posted - 50 km/hr Not posted - 60 km/hr Not posted - 70 km/hr Not posted - 80 km/hr Other Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 87

102 SECTION 11 Speed Related Collisions in 2006 Table Speed related collisions by advisory speed and road jurisdiction Road Jurisdiction Advisory Speed Injury Fatal Total City/Municipal Advisory - 10 km/hr Advisory - 20 km/hr Advisory - 30 km/hr Advisory - 40 km/hr Advisory - 50 km/hr Advisory - 60 km/hr Advisory - 70 km/hr Not applicable 1, ,632 Total 1, ,717 Provincial Highway Advisory - 30 km/hr Advisory - 40 km/hr Advisory - 50 km/hr Advisory - 60 km/hr Advisory - 70 km/hr Advisory - 80 km/hr Not applicable ,302 Total 1, ,438 Rural Road Advisory - 30 km/hr Advisory - 40 km/hr Advisory - 50 km/hr Advisory - 60 km/hr Advisory - 80 km/hr Not applicable Total Note: Some road segments have an advisory speed that is different than the posted speed limit. Since advisory speed became an independent field in the enhanced database, it is presented seperately from other speed limits. 88 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

103 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 12 There were 91,844 motorcycles licensed in British Columbia in The number of motorcycles licensed showed an increase of 10.4% from In 2006, drivers licensed to operate motorcycles totalled 229,496, a 2.6% increase from the previous year. There were 44 fatal collisions and 1,025 injury collisions involving motorcycles in Injury collisions increased by 1.8% (from 1,007). The fatal victims included 41 motorcycle drivers and 2 motorcycle passengers. Among injured motorcyclists whose helmet usage was known, 4.4% were not wearing a helmet. Among those motorcyclists killed, 4.9% were not wearing a helmet. The top five contributing factors assigned to motorcycle drivers (as a percentage of total motorcycle collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Speeding (21.1%) (2) Driver inattentive (20.8%) (3) Driver error/confusion (20.3%); (4) Following too closely (6.4%); (5) Alcohol (5.4%). The top five contributing factors assigned to other drivers colliding with motorcycles (as a percentage of total motorcycle collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (16.0%); (2) Failing to yield to right of way (14.3%); (3) Driver error/confusion (6.5%); (4) Improper Turning (5.0%) (5) Following too closely (2.3%) The primary collision occurrence is the action taken by the vehicles at the time of the collision. The most common occurrences for motorcycle collisions were off-road right (15.0%) followed by rear end (12.8%) and left turn-across oncoming traffic (11.3%). In 67.2% of all casualty collisions, the motorcyclist was going straight ahead. The 2006 fatal collision counts and fatality counts may be lower than they would be in the absence of the fatality reconciliation and are not comparable to prior years (See page i). No changes have been made to the reporting of injury collisions. Motorcycle Injury Collisions and Victims Motorcycle Fatal Collisions and Victim s 1,400 1,200 1, Collisions 1, Victims 1, ,154 1,008 1,209 1, Collisions Victims British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 89

104 SECTION 12 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions Table Motorcycle collisions and victims by month Collisions Month Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total January February March Victims April May June July August September October November December Total 1, ,069 1, ,254 Note: Victims include both motorcyclists and occupants of involved motor vehicles and pedestrians. Figure Motorcycle collisions and victims by month Collisions Victims Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 90 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

105 Table Contributing factors in motorcycle collisions Motorcycle driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Motorcycle Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Speed Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast For Conditions Excessive Speed Driver Inattentive Driver Error/Confusion Following too Closely Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Wild Animal Improper Passing Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Obstruction/Debris on Road Improper Turning Failing to Yield Right of Way Ignoring Traffic Control Device Driver Internal/External Distraction Driving on Wrong Side of Road Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Roadside Hazard Roadway Surface Defects Cutting In Road/Intersection Design Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the motorcycle drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in the data presented in this table. For example, a collision attributed to alcohol suspected and driver inattentive would be counted above as both an alcohol related collision, and a collision involving 'driver inattentive'. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total motorcycle casualty collisions recorded in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 10 occurrences plus unspecified other. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 12 Table Contributing factors in motorcycle collisions Other driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Motorcycle Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Failing to Yield Right of Way Driver Error/Confusion Improper Turning Following too Closely Speed Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast For Conditions Excessive Speed Cutting In Ignoring Traffic Control Device Alcohol Ability Impaired by Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Driving on Wrong Side of Road Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the drivers, other than motorcycle drivers, involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in the data presented in this table. For example, a collision attributed to driver inattentive and improper turning would be counted above as both a driver inattentive collision, and a collision involving 'Improper turning'. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total motorcycle casualty collisions recorded in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 10 occurrences plus unspecified other. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 91

106 SECTION 12 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions Table Motorcycle collisions by primary collision occurrence % of Primary Collision Occurrence Injury Fatal Total Total Off Road Right Rear End Left Turn-Across Oncoming Traffic Intersection - Right Angle Off Road Left Head On Overtaking Left Turn - Head On Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Left Turn - One Way Backing Up Right Turn - Same Direction One Way Street Right Turn - Rear End Right Turn-Opposite Direction Right Turn - Head On Other Unknown Total 1, , % Table Pre-collision action in motorcycle collisions: Motorcycle drivers % of Pre-Collision Action Injury Fatal Total Total Going Straight Ahead Making Left Turn Skidding Making Right Turn Slowing or Stopping Overtaking Stopped in Traffic Changing Lanes Swerving Avoiding Object on Road Making U Turn Starting from Parked position Starting in Traffic Yaw Parked legally Merging Entering Parked Position Other Unknown Total 1, , % Table Pre-collision action in motorcycle collisions: Other drivers Collision Location Injury Fatal Total Total Making Left Turn Going Straight Ahead Stopped in Traffic Slowing or Stopping Changing Lanes Making Right Turn Making U Turn Starting from Parked position Backing Overtaking Merging Swerving Starting in Traffic Avoiding Object on Road Skidding Parked legally Other Unknown Total % % of Table Collision location in motorcycle collisions % of Pre-Collision Action Injury Fatal Total Total Between Intersection:Exchanges At intersection Intersection of Road & Driveway or Alley Off Highway Bridge Parking Lot:Single/Multilevel Exit Ramp Entrance Ramp Industrial Road Entrance Intersection Entrance Acceleration Lane Tunnel Exit Deceleration lane Exit Intersection Railroad crossing Other Unknown Total 1, , % 92 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

107 Table Motorcycle collisions by roadway surface condition Roadway Surface % of Condition Injury Fatal Total Total Dry Wet Snow Slush Ice Unknown Total 1, , % Table Motorcycle collisions by lighting condition % of Lighting Condition Injury Fatal Total Total Daylight Dark/Some Illumination Dark/Full Illumination Dusk Dark/No Illumination Dawn Unknown Total 1, , % Table Motorcycle collisions by weather condition % of Weather condition Injury Fatal Total Total Clear Cloudy Raining Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 12 Table Motorcycle collisions by collision hour % of Time Injury Fatal Total Total Unknown Total 1, , % Fog Snowing Hail Smog/Smoke Strong Wind Unknown Total 1, , % British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 93

108 SECTION 12 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions Table Motorcycle collisions by driver age Motorcycle drivers only % of Age Injury Fatal Total Total Unknown Total 1, , % Table Motorcycle collisions by driver age Other drivers involved % of Age Injury Fatal Total Total Unknown Total % Note: Includes bicycle drivers. 94 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

109 Figure Drivers involved in motorcycle collisions by age group Motorcycle drivers only Number of Drivers Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION Under Driver Age Group Figure Drivers involved in Motorcycle collisions by age group Other drivers involved Number of Drivers Under Driver Age Group British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 95

110 SECTION 12 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions Table Motorcycle drivers and passengers injured and killed by helmet use and location of most severe injury Injured Killed Safety Injury Total Total Equipment Location Drivers Passengers Injured % Total Drivers Passengers Killed % Total Helmet Head Face/Nose Eye Neck Chest Back Shoulder/Upper Arm Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand Abdomen/Pelvis Hip/Upper Leg Knee/Lower Leg/Foot Entire Body Unknown Total % % No Helmet Head Face/Nose Eye Neck Chest Back Shoulder/Upper Arm Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand Hip/Upper Leg Knee/Lower Leg/Foot Entire Body Unknown Total % % Unknown Head Face/Nose Neck Chest Back Shoulder/Upper Arm Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand Abdomen/Pelvis Hip/Upper Leg Knee/Lower Leg/Foot Entire Body Unknown Note: Includes occupants on parked motorcycle. Total % % 96 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

111 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 12 Table Motorcycle drivers and passengers injured and killed by helmet use and injury type Injured Killed Safety Injury Total Total Equipment Type Drivers Passengers Injured % Total Drivers Passengers Killed % Total Helmet Abrasion Bruises Lacerations Bleeding Fracture Dislocation Burns Amputations Concussion Drowning Whiplash Other Unknown Total No Helmet Abrasion Bruises Lacerations Bleeding Fracture Concussion Whiplash Unknown Total Unknown Abrasion Bruises Lacerations Bleeding Fracture Dislocation Burns Concussion Whiplash Other Unknown Total Grand Total , Note: Includes occupants on parked motorcycle. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 97

112 SECTION 12 Motorcycles in 2006 Collisions Figure Percent of victims with head injury among helmeted and nonhelmeted motorcycle drivers and passengers 35% 30% 30.95% 25% 20% 17.94% 15% 10% 5% 0% Helmet No Helmet Note: Location of injury includes both head and entire body. Figure Killed victims as a proportion of total casualties by helmet usage Percent of Total Victims 10.0% 9.0% 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 4.3% Helmet 4.8% No Helmet Note: Includes motorcycle riders and passengers only Table Helmet usage by motorcycle drivers and passengers Not Injured Injured Safety Total % of Equipment Drivers Passengers Total Drivers Passengers Total Drivers Passengers Total Involved Total Involved Killed Helmet No Helmet Unknown Total , , % Note: This report does not include occupants of other vehicles in motorcycle collisions. 98 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

113 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions SECTION 13 There were 1,884 reported traffic collisions that involved pedestrians in There were 2,041 persons (including occupants of motor vehicles) injured or killed in collisions involving pedestrians, with pedestrians accounting for 97.3% of the casualties. There were 1,915 pedestrians reported injured in traffic collisions during 2006, 3.1% more than in 2005 (1,857). The number of pedestrians killed was 70. Older persons appear to be at particular risk of death as pedestrians. Of the 70 pedestrians killed, 24 (34.3%) were over the age of 60, 5 (7.1%) were between 21 and 30 and 4 (5.7%) was aged under 16. Of the 1,915 injured, 315 (16.4%) were aged 61 and over, 323 (16.9%) were between 21 and 30 and 238 (12.4%) were under age 16. Of all pedestrian collisions in 2006, approximately 53.7% occurred at intersections. Over half (62.9%) of all fatal pedestrian collisions occurred at non-intersection locations. Of these fatal collisions, 38.6% of the pedestrians were crossing with no signal and no marked crosswalk. The top three contributing factors assigned to pedestrians (as a percentage of total pedestrian collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Pedestrian error/confusion (16.2%); (2) Alcohol involvement (3.6%); (3) Failing to yield to right of way (1.8%); The top three contributing factors assigned to involved drivers (as a percentage of total pedestrian collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (31.2%); (2) Failing to yield to right of way (17.5%); (3) Driver error/confusion (13.6%); 2,000 1,950 1,900 1,850 1,800 Pedestrian Injury Collisions and Victims 1,971 Collisions Victims 1,920 1,849 1,814 1,793 1,799 1, Pedestrian Fatal Collisions and Victims Collisions Victims ,750 1,700 1,650 1,659 1,690 1, , ,550 1, , British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 99

114 SECTION 13 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions Table Pedestrian collisions and victims by month Collisions Month Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total January February March Victims April May June July August September October November December Total 1, ,884 1, ,041 Note: Victims include both pedestrians and occupants of involved motor vehicles. Figure Pedestrian collisions and victims by month (includes both pedestrians and occupants of involved motor vehicles) Collisions Victims Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 100 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

115 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions SECTION 13 Table Pedestrian collisions by pedestrian action and pedestrian location At Intersection Not at Intersection Unknown Total Pedestrian Action Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Collisions Crossing-No Signal No Marked Crosswalk Crossing with Signal Crossing - No Signal- Marked Crosswalk Crossing Against Signal Standing/Walking on Sidewalk Emerging from from/behind parked vehicle Walking along Highway-with Traffic Walking along Highway - Against Traffic Working in Roadway Adult Getting on/off Vehicle Playing in Roadway Pushing/Working on a Vehicle Child Getting on/off School Bus Other Unknown Total , ,884 Figure Pedestrian collisions by collision location Figure Pedestrian collisions by day of week Not at Intersection 43% Unknown 3% At Intersection 54% Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Note: Includes both injury and fatal collisions. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 101

116 SECTION 13 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions Table Pedestrian injury collisions by day of week and hour of collision % of Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Total Unknown Total , % 102 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

117 Table Pedestrian fatal collisions by day of week and hour of collision Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions SECTION 13 % of Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Total Unknown Total % British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 103

118 SECTION 13 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions Table Pedestrian victims injured by age and gender % of Age Male Female Unknown Total Total Figure Pedestrians injured by gender and age group Male Female Under Figure Pedestrians killed by gender and age group Male Female Under Unknown Total , % 104 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

119 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions SECTION 13 Table Pedestrian victims killed by age and gender % of Age Female Male Total Total Unknown Table Contributing factors in pedestrian collisions Pedestrian factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Pedestrian Error/Confusion Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Failing to Yield Right of Way Ignoring Traffic Control Device Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Physical Disability Drugs Suspected Cutting In Ability Impaired by Drugs Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the pedestrians involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in the data presented in this table. For example, a collision attributed to both alcohol suspected and weather condition will be counted twice above, once under "alcohol" and again under "weather condition". "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total pedestrian casualty collisions recorded in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 5 occurrences plus unspecified other. Total % British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 105

120 SECTION 13 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions Table Contributing factors in pedestrian collisions Other driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Total Driver Inattentive Failing to Yield Right of Way Driver Error/Confusion Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Backing Unsafely Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Pedestrian Error/Confusion Alcohol Ability Impaired by Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Sunlight Glare Ignoring Traffic Control Device Speed Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast For Conditions Excessive Speed Driver Internal/External Distraction Improper Turning Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Site Line Obstruction Artificial Glare Ignoring Officer/Flagman/Guard Road/Intersection Design Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the pedestrians involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in the data presented in this table. For example, a collision attributed to both alcohol suspected and weather condition will be counted twice above, once under "alcohol" and again under "weather condition". "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total pedestrian casualty collisions recorded in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 10 occurrences plus unspecified other. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. Table Pedestrians injured and killed by location of injury Injury Location Injured Killed Total Knee/Lower Leg/Foot Head Hip/Upper Leg Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand Shoulder/Upper Arm Back Entire Body Face/Nose Abdomen/Pelvis Neck Chest Eye Unknown Total 1, ,985 Table Pedestrians injured and killed by type of injury Injury Type Injured Killed Total Bruises Fracture Abrasion Lacerations Bleeding Concussion Whiplash Dislocation Amputations Burns Other Unknown Total 1, , British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

121 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions SECTION 13 Table Pedestrians injured and killed by age and pedestrian action Cross Cross Wlking Wlking Child Cross Cross -ing -ing along along Emrg Getting Adult Stand/ -ing -ing No Signl/ No Signl Hwy Hwy from/ on/off Getting Push/ Work Play Walk with Agnst Marked No Marked with Agnst behind School on/off Work in in on Side Age Signal Signal Xwalk Xwalk Traffic Traffic vehicle Bus Vehicle on Veh Rdway Rdway walk Other Unknown Total Unknown Total ,985 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 107

122 SECTION 13 Pedestrians in 2006 Collisions 108 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

123 Bicycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 14 A bicycle collision is reportable in British Columbia if it results in injury or death and involves at least one motor vehicle. There were 1,013 bicycle collisions reported in 2006, a decrease of 2.9% over 2005 collisions. These collisions resulted in 1,041 casualties (including occupants of motor vehicles). Of these 1,041 victims, 980 were injured bicycle drivers, and 12 were bicycle drivers killed. Six of the 12 bicycle drivers killed during 2006 were not wearing a bicycle helmet. Ten bicycle drivers killed were male. Males represented approximately 74.6% of the bicycle drivers injured. Of 980 bicycle drivers injured, 144 (14.7%) were under age 16, and 51 (5.2%) over 60. Of all injured bicycle drivers, about 46.3% (454) of them were wearing helmets, 37.0% (363) were not wearing helmets and 16.6% (163) were unknown as to helmet use. BC requires cyclists of all ages to wear a helmet. Among non-helmeted injury victims, 22.9% suffered head injuries or injuries to the entire body, while 15.4% of the helmeted injury victims had head injuries or injuries to entire body. The five top contributing factors assigned to bicycle drivers (as a percentage of total bicycle collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (21.1%); (2) Driving on the wrong side of the road (12.6%); (3) Driver error/confusion (12.3%); (4) Failing to yield to right of way (10.0%); (5) Ignoring traffic control device (6.8%). The five top contributing factors assigned to other drivers (as a percentage of total bicycle collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (25.1%); (2) Failing to yield to right of way (14.5%); (3) Driver error/confusion (11.7%); (4) Improper turning (4.5%); (5) Site Line obstruction (4.4%). More than half (57.1%) of all bicycle collisions took place at intersections. The most common configuration was intersection right angle, which accounted for 32.5% of bicycle collisions. The road surface condition was dry for 79.9% of bicycle collisions and 74.2% occurred in daylight. The highest frequency collision time period for bicycle collisions is 3:00 pm to 6:00 pm. There were 296 (29.2%) bicycle collisions that took place between these hours. B icycle Injur y Co llision s an d Victim s B icycle F atal C o llision s an d Victim s 1,10 0 1,0 50 1,000 C o llisions V ictims 1,036 1,0 18 1,002 1,065 1,001 1, C o llisions V ict ims British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 109

124 SECTION 14 Bicycles in 2006 Collisions Table Bicycle collisions and victims by month Collisions Month Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total January February March Victims April May June July August September October November December Total 1, ,013 1, ,041 Note: Victims include both cyclists and occupants of involved motor vehicles. Figure Bicycle Collisions and victims by month Collisions Victims 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 110 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

125 Table Contributing factors in bicycle collisions Bicycle driver factors only % of Total Bicycle Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Driving on Wrong Side of Road Failing to Yield Right of Way Driver Error/Confusion Ignoring Traffic Control Device Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Improper Turning Cutting In Speeding Driving too Fast for Conditions Exceeding Speed Limit Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Pedestrian Error/Confusion Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Defective Headlights Defective Brakes Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Drugs Suspected Site Line Obstruction Improper Passing Driver Internal/External Distraction Failing to Signal Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the bicycle drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions will occur in the data presented in this table. For example, a collision attributed to both alcohol suspect and weather condition will be counted twice above, once under "alcohol" and again under "weather condition". "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total bicycle casualty collisions recorded in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 10 occurrences plus unspecfied other. Bicycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 14 Table Contributing factors in bicycle collisions Other driver factors only % of Total Bicycle Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Failing to Yield Right of Way Driver Error/Confusion Improper Turning Site Line Obstruction Sunlight Glare Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Ignoring Traffic Control Device Driver Internal/External Distraction Improper Passing Road/Intersection Design Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Speed Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast For Conditions Excessive Speed Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to drivers, other than bicycle drivers, involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions will occur in the data presented in this table. For example, a collision attributed to both alcohol and weather condition will be counted twice above, once under "alcohol" involvement" and again under "weather condition". "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total bicycle casualty collisions in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 10 occurrences plus unspecfied other. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 111

126 SECTION 14 Bicycles in 2006 Collisions Table Bicycle collisions by primary collision occurrence % of Primary Collision Occurrence Injury Fatal Total Total Intersection - Right Angle Left Turn-Across Oncoming Traffic Right Turn - Head On Rear End Overtaking Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Head On Left Turn - Head On Right Turn - Rear End Right Turn - Same Direction Left Turn - One Way Right Turn-Opposite Direction Backing Up Off Road Right Off Road Left One Way Street Other Unknown Total 1, , % Note: Includes collisions involving more than one bicycle (eg. Motor vehicle strikes two bicycles). Table Pre-collision action in bicycle collisions Bicycles only % of Pre-Collision Action Injury Fatal Total Total Going Straight Ahead Making Left Turn Making Right Turn Changing Lanes Starting in Traffic Slowing or Stopping Overtaking Merging Skidding Starting from Parked position Stopped in Traffic Swerving Entering Parked Position Other Unknown Total 1, , % 112 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

127 Table Pre-collision action in bicycle collisions Other Vehicles % of Pre-Collision Action Injury Fatal Total Total Going Straight Ahead Making Right Turn Making Left Turn Parked legally Stopped in Traffic Starting in Traffic Slowing or Stopping Backing Overtaking Changing Lanes Starting from Parked position Merging Making U Turn Entering Parked Position Swerving Parked Illegally Avoiding Object on Road Skidding Bicycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 14 Table Collision location of bicycle collisions % of Collision Location Injury Fatal Total Total At intersection Between Intersection:Exchanges Intersection of Road & Driveway or Alley Parking Lot:Single/Multilevel Entrance Intersection Bridge Exit Intersection Entrance Ramp Off Highway Entrance Acceleration Lane Exit Ramp Exit Deceleration lane Transit -Express Lane Other Unknown Total 1, , % Other Unknown Total 1, , % Table Bicycle collisions by roadway surface condition Roadway Surface % of Condition Injury Fatal Total Total Dry Wet Muddy Unknown Total 1, , % British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 113

128 SECTION 14 Bicycles in 2006 Collisions Table Bicycle collisions by lighting condition % of Lighting Condition Injury Fatal Total Total Daylight Dark/Some Illumination Dark/Full Illumination Dusk Dawn Dark/No Illumination Unknown Total 1, , % Table Bicycle collisions by collision hour % of Time Injury Fatal Total Total Table Bicycle collisions by weather condition % of Weather Condition Injury Fatal Total Total Clear Cloudy Raining Hail Snowing Smog/Smoke Strong Wind Unknown Total 1, , % Unknown Total 1, , % 114 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

129 Table Bicycle drivers involved in collisions by age Age Injury Fatal Total % of Total Unknown Total % Note: Includes all bicycle drivers involved in collisions, regardless of injury status. Bicycles in 2006 Collisions SECTION 14 Table Bicycle drivers injured in bicycle collisions by age and gender Age Male Female Unknown Total Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 115

130 SECTION 14 Bicycles in 2006 Collisions Figure Bicycle drivers injured in bicycle collisions by age and gender Table Bicycle drivers injured and killed by helmet use and location of most severe injury Male Female Helmet Injured % Killed % Head Face/Nose Neck Chest Back Shoulder/Upper Arm Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand Abdomen/Pelvis Hip/Upper Leg Under Knee/Lower Leg/Foot Entire Body Unknown Table Bicycle drivers killed in bicycle collisions by age and gender Age Male Female Total Unknown Total Figure Percent of victims with head injury among helmeted and nonhelmeted bicycle drivers in collisions No Helmet Total Helmet Head Face/Nose Neck Chest Back Shoulder/Upper Arm Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand Abdomen/Pelvis Hip/Upper Leg Knee/Lower Leg/Foot Entire Body Unknown Total No Helmet % 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 16.3% Helmet 24.1% No Helmet Unknown Head Face/Nose Neck Chest Back Shoulder/Upper Arm Elbow/Lower Arm/Hand Abdomen/Pelvis Hip/Upper Leg Knee/Lower Leg/Foot Entire Body Unknown Note: Location of injury includes both head and entire body. Total Unknown Grand Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

131 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions Section 15 Definition of Commercial Vehicle Commercial vehicles in this section include the following vehicles under 10,900 kilograms: single unit trucks/light, combination unit trucks/light and tow truck. In addition, vehicles 10,900 kilograms and over include: single unit trucks/heavy; combination unit trucks/heavy, combination unit tractors or trailers, combination unit tractors or trailers and pups, log trucks and pole trailers, local transit bus and intercity bus. Starting in 2004, three more types of vehicles were added in this section: panel/mini van 4,500 kg and under, panel van 4,500 kg and under plus trailer and combination unit truck/pull trailer/5 th wheel trailer. Please note that this publication has used three definitions of commercial vehicles so far. Publications up to 1998 used one. Between 1999 and 2003, another version was used. Since 2004, a new version has been in use. As a result, comparisons of commercial vehicle collisions are only appropriate within the time period when the same definition was employed. Summary Statistics There were 2,261 reported casualty collisions involving commercial vehicles during Of these collisions, 2,171 were personal injury collisions and 90 were fatal collisions. The five top contributing factors assigned to commercial vehicle drivers (as a percentage of total commercial vehicle collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (23.0%); (2) Speeding (13.4%); (3) Road Condition (11.9%); (4) Driver error/confusion (11.7%); (5) Following too closely (8.1%). The five top contributing factors assigned to other drivers (as a percentage of total commercial vehicle collisions) were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (28.9%); (2) Driver error/confusion (15.4%); (3) Speeding (14.2%); (4) Failing to yield right of way (12.1%); (5) Road condition (11.1%). Emergency Vehicle, Taxi and School Bus Collisions An emergency vehicle is defined, in this report, as any vehicle used to carry rescue or first aid equipment or driven by a member of a fire department, a peace officer or a constable, whether or not actually responding to an emergency. It includes ambulance, police or fire vehicle. In 2006, there were 120 emergency vehicle collisions, none was a fatal collision. These collisions resulted in 163 victims. The top three contributing factors assigned to emergency vehicle drivers were, in order of magnitude: (1) Road condition (7.5%); (2) Failing to yield right of way (5.0%); (2) Driver inattentive (5.0%); (2) Driver distraction (5.0%); (3) Ignoring traffic control device (3.3%); (3) Weather (3.3%). In 2006, 3,224 taxis were licensed at least once for service. There were 252 casualty collisions involving taxis in the same year. Of which 3 were fatal. These collisions resulted in 377 casualties. The top three contributing factors assigned to taxi drivers were, in order of magnitude: (1) Driver inattentive (18.7%); (2) Failing to yield right of way (11.9%); (3) Speeding (6.4%). A school bus is defined, for the purpose of this report, as a motor vehicle licensed to convey children to or from school. A total of 16 casualty collisions involving school buses occurred during These collisions resulted in 32 people being injured. Fourteen of the 32 victims were in the school bus, 17 were in other vehicles and 1 was a pedestrian. There was no fatal collision involving a school bus in The 2006 fatal collision counts and fatality counts may be lower than they would be in the absence of the fatality reconciliation and are not comparable to prior years (See page i). No changes have been made to the reporting of injury collisions. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 117

132 SECTION 15 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions C o m m ercial Vehicle Injur y C o llision s an d Victim s C o m m ercial Vehi cle F atal C o l l i sio n s a n d Vi cti m s ,10 7 C o llisio ns V ictims 2,991 3, C o llisio ns V ict ims ,153 2, , Table Commercial vehicle collisions and victims by month Collisions Month Injury Fatal Total Injured Killed Total January February March Victims April May June July August September October November December Total 2, ,261 3, ,120 F ig u re C o m m ercial veh icle co llisio n s an d victim s b y m o n th C ollisions V ictims Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 118 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

133 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions SECTION 15 Table Contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions Commercial vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Commercial Vehicle Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Speed Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast For Conditions Excessive Speed Figure Top five contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions (commercial vehicle driver factors only) as a percentage of total commercial vehicle collisions Driver Inattentive Speed 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Driver Error/Confusion Following too Closely Driver Error/Confusion Failing to Yield Right of Way Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Ignoring Traffic Control Device Improper Turning Fell Asleep Road Condition Follow too Closely Driver Internal/External Distraction Driving on Wrong Side of Road Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Wild Animal Improper Passing Cutting In Backing Unsafely Road/Intersection Design Insecure Load Defective Brakes Extreme Fatigue Sunlight Glare Drugs Suspected Failing to Signal Defective Tires Site Line Obstruction Previous Traffic Collision Unconscious Roadside Hazard Illness Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the commercial vehicle drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to alcohol suspected and exceeding speed limit would be counted above as both an alcohol related collision, and a collision involving speeding. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total commercial vehicle casualty collisions recorded in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 10 occurrences plus unspecified other.. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 119

134 SECTION 15 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions Table Contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions Other driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Commercial Vehicle Contributing Factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Driver Error/Confusion Speed Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast For Conditions Excessive Speed Failing to Yield Right of Way Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Following too Closely Figure Top five contributing factors in commercial vehicle collisions (other driver factors only) as a percentage of total commercial vehicle collisions Driver Inattentive Driver Error/Confusion Speed 0.0% 5.0% 10.0 % 15.0 % 20.0 % 25.0 % 30.0 % 35.0 % Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Ignoring Traffic Control Device Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Improper Turning Driving on Wrong Side of Road Failing to Yield Road Condition Driver Internal/External Distraction Improper Passing Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Cutting In Fell Asleep Pedestrian Error/Confusion Backing Unsafely Sunlight Glare Wild Animal Drugs Suspected Extreme Fatigue Illness Road/Intersection Design Site Line Obstruction Failing to Signal Previous Traffic Collision Defective Brakes Defective Tires Ability Impaired by Drugs Unconscious Obstruction/Debris on Road Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the commercial vehicle drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to alcohol suspected and exceeding speed limit would be counted above as both an alcohol related collision, and a collision involving speeding. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total commercial vehicle casualty collisions recorded in ) "Other" includes specified factors with less than 10 occurrences plus unspecified other.. 3) "Excessive Speed" means driving 40 km/h or more over the speed limit. Table Vehicle factors in commercial vehicle collisions: Commercial vehicle factors only Vehicle Factors Injury Fatal Total Defective Brakes Insecure Load Defective Tires Defective Steering Defective Tow Hitch Trailer Brakes out of Adjustment/Inoperative Windows Obstructed Defective Suspension Oversize Vehicle No Driver Defective Turn Signals Defective Engine Dangerous Goods Defective Brakelights Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

135 Table Number of commercial vehicles involved in collisions by vehicle type Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions SECTION 15 % of Vehicle Type Injury Fatal Total Total Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) Tractor Trailer Panel/Mini Van 4500kg & under Table Commercial vehicle collisions by primary collision occurrence % of Primary Collision Occurrence Injury Fatal Total Total Rear End Intersection - Right Angle Off Road Right Single Unit Truck/ Heavy Tractor Trailer & Pup Heavy Truck/Trailer Local Transit Bus Logging Truck & Pole Trailer Panel Van 4500kg & under & Trailer Combo Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Light Truck/Trailer Tow Truck Intercity Bus Total 2, , % Note: This report includes parked commercial vehicles. Table Collision location of commercial vehicle collisions % of Collision Location Injury Fatal Total Total Between Intersection:Exchanges , At intersection Intersection of Road & Driveway or Alley Off Road Left Left Turn-Across Oncoming Traffic Head On Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Overtaking Left Turn - Head On Backing Up Right Turn - Rear End Left Turn - One Way Right Turn - Head On One Way Street Right Turn - Same Direction Right Turn-Opposite Direction Other Unknown Total 2, , % Bridge Off Highway Parking Lot:Single/Multilevel Entrance Ramp Exit Ramp Entrance Intersection Entrance Acceleration Lane Tunnel Industrial Road Exit Intersection Railroad crossing Exit Deceleration lane Ferry or Dock Transit -Express Lane Other Unknown Total 2, , British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 121

136 SECTION 15 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions Table BC driver licence class of commercial vehicle drivers by vehicle type: Injury collisions Driver License Class Vehicle Type Other Total Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) Tractor Trailer Panel/Mini Van 4500kg & under Single Unit Truck/ Heavy Heavy Truck/Trailer Tractor Trailer & Pup Local Transit Bus Logging Truck & Pole Trailer Panel Van 4500kg & under & Trailer Combo Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Light Truck/Trailer Tow Truck Intercity Bus Total ,334 Note: 1) This table lists all combinations of valid BC licence classes. Out-of-province drivers are all grouped under "Other". 2) "100" to "800" refers to driver licence classes 1 to 8. "340", for example, is a combination of class 3 and class 4. 3) "000" indicates no class. It includes out-of-province drivers. 4) For a description of BC driver licence classes, see Table ) 'Other' includes out-of-province driver licence classes or unidentified driver licence classes. Table BC driver licence class of commercial vehicle drivers by vehicle type: Fatal collisions Driver License Class Vehicle Type Other Total Panel Van 4500kg & under & Panel Van 4500kg & under & Trailer Single Unit Truck/ Light(Pickup Truck) Single Unit Truck/ Heavy Light Truck/Trailer Heavy Truck/Trailer Tractor Trailer Tractor Trailer & Pup Logging Truck & Pole Trailer Tow Truck Combo Unit Truck/Pull Trailer/5th Wheel Trailer Local Transit Bus Intercity Bus Total Note: 1) This table lists all combinations of valid BC licence classes. 2) "100" to "800" refers to driver licence classes 1 to 8. "340", for example, is a combination of class 3 and class 4. 3) "000" indicates no class. It includes out-of-province drivers. 4) For a description of BC driver licence classes, see Table ) 'Other' includes out-of-province driver licence classes or unidentified driver licence classes. 122 British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

137 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions SECTION 15 Table Emergency vehicle, taxi and school bus collisions by month Emergency Vehicle Taxi School Bus Month Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Table Victims in emergency vehicle, taxi and school bus collisions by month Emergency Vehicle Taxi School Bus Month In Vehicle Other Vehicle Pedestrian Total In Vehicle Other Vehicle Pedestrian Total In Vehicle Other Vehicle Pedestrian Total January February March April May June July August September October November December Total Note: Includes victims injured and killed British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 123

138 SECTION 15 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions Table Contributing factors in emergency vehicle collisions Emergency vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Emergency Vehicle Contributing factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Failing to Yield Right of Way Driver Inattentive Table Contributing factors in emergency vehicle collisions Other vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Emergency Vehicle Contributing factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Failing to Yield Right of Way Driver Inattentive Driver Error/Confusion Driver Internal/External Distraction Ignoring Traffic Control Device Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Following too Closely Improper Turning Driving too Fast for Conditions Site Line Obstruction Driving on Wrong Side of Road Driver Error/Confusion Sunlight Glare Obstruction/Debris on Road Wild Animal Backing Unsafely Cutting In Improper Passing Illness Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Use of Comunication/Video Equipment Defective Tires Insufficient Worksite/Construction Traffic Control Road/Intersection Design Roadside Hazard Other Unknown Note: The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the emergency vehicle drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to weather and driver inattentive would be counted above as both a weather related collision and a inattentive collision. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total emergency vehicle casualty collisions recorded in Following too Closely Speeding Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast for Conditions Alcohol Suspected Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Ignoring Officer/Flagman/Guard Backing Unsafely Driving on Wrong Side of Road Driver Internal/External Distraction Pedestrian Error/Confusion Improper Turning Drugs Suspected Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Sunlight Glare Cutting In Extreme Fatigue Failing to Signal Improper Passing Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Defective Tires Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Insufficient Worksite/Construction Traffic Control Road/Intersection Design Ability Impaired by Drugs Other Unknown Note: 1) The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to other drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to weather and exceeding speed limit would be counted above as both a weather related collision and a speed related collisions. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total emergency vehicle casualty collisions recorded in British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

139 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions SECTION 15 Table Contributing factors in taxi collisions Taxi driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Taxi Contributing factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Failing to Yield Right of Way Speeding Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast for Conditions Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Driver Error/Confusion Ignoring Traffic Control Device Following too Closely Improper Turning Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Fell Asleep Driving on Wrong Side of Road Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Site Line Obstruction Backing Unsafely Extreme Fatigue Use of Comunication/Video Equipment Artificial Glare Cutting In Failing to Signal Improper Passing Illness Pedestrian Error/Confusion Failure to Secure Stopped Vehicle Defective Brakes Sunlight Glare Wild Animal Insufficient Worksite/Construction Traffic Control Road/Intersection Design Ability Impaired by Drugs Driver Internal/External Distraction Other Unknown Note: The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the taxi drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to weather and exceeding speed limit would be counted above as both a weather related collision and a speed related collision. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total taxi casualty collisions recorded in Table Contributing factors in taxi collisions Other vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total Taxi Contributing factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Failing to Yield Right of Way Driver Error/Confusion Ignoring Traffic Control Device Alcohol Alcohol Suspected Ability Impaired by Alcohol Following too Closely Speeding Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast for Conditions Improper Turning Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Pedestrian Error/Confusion Driver Internal/External Distraction Avoiding Veh/Ped/Cycle Cutting In Driving on Wrong Side of Road Weather(Fog/Sleet/Rain/Snow) Extreme Fatigue Fell Asleep Sunlight Glare Drugs Suspected Failing to Signal Improper Passing Ignoring Officer/Flagman/Guard Site Line Obstruction Backing Unsafely Defective Brakes Defective Headlights Defective Tires Previous Traffic Collision Wild Animal Insufficient Worksite/Construction Traffic Control Road/Intersection Design Roadside Hazard Defective/Inoperative Traffic Control Device Ability Impaired by Medication Other Unknown Note: The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to drivers, other than taxi drivers, involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to weather and exceeding speed limit would be counted above as both a weather related collision and a speed related collision. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total taxi casualty collisions recorded in British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 125

140 SECTION 15 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions Table Contributing factors in school bus collisions School bus driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total School Bus Contributing factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Failing to Yield Right of Way Following too Closely Table Contributing factors in school bus collisions Other vehicle driver factors only: By number of collisions % of Total School Bus Contributing factors Injury Fatal Total Collisions Driver Inattentive Speeding Exceeding Speed Limit Driving too Fast for Conditions Ignoring Traffic Control Device Driver Error/Confusion Sunlight Glare Other Unknown Note: The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to the school bus drivers involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to driver inattentive and following too closely would be counted in both categories. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total school bus casualty collisions recorded in Ignoring Traffic Control Device Road Condition (Ice/Snow/Slush/Water) Following too Closely Unconscious Driving on Wrong Side of Road Driver Error/Confusion Sunlight Glare Roadside Hazard Unknown Note: The table shown above represents the contributing factors assigned to drivers, other than school bus drivers, involved in these collisions. "Collisions" represents the number of collisions in which the contributing factor was present, not the total number of occurrences of the contributing factor. Some double counting of collisions occurs in this table. For example, a collision attributed to driver inattentive and following too closely would be counted in both categories. "Percent of Total" represents the collisions involving the factor as a percentage of total school bus casualty collisions recorded in British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions

141 Commercial Vehicles, Emergency Vehicles, Taxis and School Buses in Collisions SECTION 15 Table Emergency vehicle, taxi and school bus collisions by primary collision occurrence Emergency Vehicle Taxi School Bus Primary collision occurrence Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Injury Fatal Total Intersection - Right Angle Rear End Left Turn-Across Oncoming Side Swipe-Opposite Direction Right Turn - Same Direction Head On Off Road Right Overtaking Backing Up Right Turn - Rear End Off Road Left Right Turn - Head On Left Turn - Head On Left Turn - One Way Other Unknown Total British Columbia Collision Statistics - police attended injury and fatal collisions 127