Lateral load performance of concrete sleeper fastening systems under non-ideal conditions
|
|
- Augustine Logan
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Page 330 Lateral load performance of concrete sleeper fastening systems under non-ideal conditions B.G.J. Holder, Y. Qian, M.S. Dersch & J.R. Edwards University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States ABSTRACT: The fastening system is an essential component of the track superstructure that facilitates load transfer from the rail to the sleeper while holding the rail in place. Previous research has focused on investigating the performance of different fastening systems under laboratory and field loading environments when the fastening systems are properly installed. However, with the increased traffic and challenging service environments often experienced in North America, it is likely not all the fastening systems can remain intact throughout their service life of the track, thus missing fastening system components can occur. To date, the performance of different fastening systems under non-ideal conditions, such as track with missing fastening system components, has not been thoroughly investigated. In order to better understand the behaviour of concrete sleeper fastening systems under different non-ideal loading conditions similar to what is seen in the field, an on-going research project is currently being conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. This paper presents the preliminary laboratory results of the lateral load performance of the Sklstyle fastening system on track with missing fastening system components at one or more sleepers. Lateral load redistribution was quantified for different test scenarios. The results from this study will improve the understanding of lateral load distribution under non-ideal conditions and can be used in future fastening system design and field maintenance practices. 1 INTRODUCTION The fastening system is an essential component of track superstructure and facilitates load transfer from the rail to sleeper while holding the rail in place. Previous research has studied the lateral load distribution when the fastening systems are properly installed (Holder et al. 2017). However, missing fastening system components on one or more adjacent sleepers can occur in the field, and the performance of track under these non-ideal conditions has not been investigated. To better understand the performance of the fastening system under non-ideal conditions, researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) are conducting an experimental study to investigate the magnitude and distribution of the lateral load through the track superstructure when a portion of the fastening system components are missing. The performance of the fastening system after one or more reinstallations (i.e. clamps and angled guide plates that have been removed and reapplied for multiple times) is also being studied to better understand the loss of clamping force over the service life of the track and how it affects the lateral load distribution and rail rotation. It is the expectation of the authors that the information in this paper will assist the rail industry in improving fastening system design, performance, and maintenance for heavy-haul freight railroad applications through the use of quantitative loading data as inputs for future practice. The primary objectives of this project are to quantify the clamping forces of the Skl-style fastening system involved in the removal and reinstallation investigation, as well as to gain a better understanding of the lateral loads distribution under non-ideal conditions when fastening system components are removed. 2 EXPERIMENTATION PLAN 2.1 Fastening System and Concrete Sleepers Experiments were performed using concrete sleepers equipped with Skl-style fastening systems. The concrete sleepers have dimensions of 2,590 mm long, mm wide, and mm high. The Skl-style fastening system is comprised of five major components that ensure the longevity of their performance. These components are the tension clamps, angled guide plates, lag screw/dowel, abrasion plate and rail
2 Page 331 pad (see Figure 1). As described by Van Dyk et al. (2015), the tension clamps are designed to have high fatigue strength, which allows them to maintain their clamping ability over extended periods of time. The field and gauge angled guide plate transfer the lateral force experienced by the rail to the concrete sleeper. The lag screw and dowel combination hold the tension clamp to the sleeper and help decrease the transverse stress on the concrete sleeper The rail pad is designed to provide appropriate resilience while the abrasion plate is a protection layer between the rail pad and the rail seat. Additionally, the rail pad is designed to withstand the high pressures that are associated with heavy haul trains, and the abrasion pad is a critical part in mitigating Rail Seat Deterioration (RSD), a major problem of the concrete sleeper in North America (Greve et al. 2015). UC researchers also believe that a small portion of the lateral load applied to the rail could possibly be transferred through the tension clamp into the sleeper as well as through frictional forces between the rail pad rail seat interface. Figure 2. Hyperthetic lateral load path 2.3 Measuring Lateral Forces In order to quantify the lateral loads that are applied to the field side angled guide plate, a device called the Lateral Load Evaluation Device (LLED) has recently been developed at the University of Illinois. Strain gauge bridges (applied to the top and bottom sections of the LLED, Figure 3) are used to measure the bending strain of the instrument, which in turn is used to calculate the lateral force experienced by LLEDs with pre-developed calibration curves. Two LLEDs are installed on each of the modified field side angled guide plates to capture any possible uneven loading conditions. The modified field side angled guide plates with LLEDs are also designed to have a similar stiffness of the original guide plate. Figure 1. Vossloh Fastening Systems, Inc. W 40 (Van Dyk et al. 2015) 2.2 Lateral Load Path To better understand the magnitude and distribution of lateral loads through the track superstructure, understanding the load path through the Skl-style fastening system is important. The load path has not been well defined as of yet, however, based on the results from the past experiments conducted at the University of Illinois, a hypothetical lateral load path is presented in Figure 2 (Williams et al. 2014). When a lateral load is applied to the head of the rail, it is hypothesized that the load is transferred to the base of the rail and is primarily resisted by the field side angled guide plate of the fastening system. For this reason, field side guide plates are often designed to be larger than the gauge side guide plates decrease the compressive stress on the concrete sleeper. UI- Figure 3. LLED placed in a angled guide plate 2.4 Laboratory Setup Previous studies have shown that the lateral load primarily is distributed into three sleepers with elastic fastening systems, thus a total of five sleepers were used in the laboratory test setup to be conservative. Figure 4 (a) shows a picture of the test setup
3 Page 332 and Figure 4 (b) gives the schematic drawing. The five sleepers were secured to the floor with space of mm (24 in.) between each other. A section of 136 RE rail with the length of 2590 mm (102 in.) was installed on one side of the sleepers with the Skl-style fastening systems properly tightened according to the supplier s guidance. Other than the aforementioned two LLEDs installed in the field side guide plate, customized aluminium brackets were installed in each sleeper to measure rail movement. The gauge and field brackets were equipped with vertical potentiometers to measure rail rotation, while two other potentiometers were installed laterally on the field side brackets to measure rail base displacement. A hydraulic jack aligned with the center of the middle sleeper was used to apply lateral load from rail head. All loads were applied at this location and were controlled manually using a hand pump. Due to the limitation on length, this paper will present the results LLEDs only. Rail deflection and rotation will be discussed in future publications. the typical case for a new installation. Figure 5 shows the percentage of lateral wheel load resisted by the field angled guide plate on the y-axis and its corresponding sleeper on the x-axis. The percentage of lateral wheel load resisted by the field angled guide plate is calculated by dividing the summation of the lateral load measured by the two LLEDs installed in each field angled guide plate by the lateral load applied from the hydraulic jack. The summation of the percentages may not be 100% due to the fact that not all the applied lateral force was transferred into the field angled guide plate. A portion of the applied lateral load is assumed to be transferred into the sleeper through the tension clamps, and the friction between the rail and fastening system components. Each of the five trials have been plotted in Figure 5 to show the repeatability of this tests. Mean value and the standard deviation are also provided in Table 1. It is redundant to plot all the repeated test results like Figure 5 for all the types of tests. Instead, the standard deviation between all five trials for each sleeper under different test scenarios are provided in (a) Laboratory test setup (b) Schematic drawing of the test setup Figure 4. Laboratory test setup 3 PRILIMINARY RESULTS 3.1 Repeatability of test In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data, all experiments were repeated five times. For the five repeated trials, the test setup remains intact without disassembling any components. Figure 5 gives an example of the results from the five repeated tests under the fully fastened condition. The fully fastened test represents how the fastening system performs when there is no missing component, as is Table 1. It should be noted that the largest standard deviation manifested between five trails is only 3.07; therefore, suggesting that the tests performed are both replicable and accurate. All the graphs presented in this paper later are the averaged results from the five trials for each type of tests.
4 Page 333 Table 1. Mean value and standard deviation of lateral load percenage for all test Figure 5. Fully fastened condition 3.2 Reusability of component To investigate the role that lateral forces have on the Skl-style tension clamps under different test scenarios, components such as tension clamp and angled guide plate need to be removed and reinstalled several times. However, the reusability of those components has not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. In this study, the reusability of the components for the skl-style fastening system was investigated. Experiments were performed by completely removing each fastening systems and reinstalling them. After the first five removals and installations were completed, lateral force was applied to the rail and the lateral load distribution was recorded. Load was applied again after an additional 5 removals and reinstallations. Figure 6 presents all three-replacement tests results. Mean values and standard deviations are also provided in Table 1. It is clear that the differences between each of the three tests are minor, especially when the five and ten replacement tests are compared. The test results shown in Figure 6 and Table 1 indicate the components for the Skl-style fastening system can be reused for at least 15 times under the loading magnitude in this study without significant loss of clamping forces. Figure 6. Loss of clamping force 3.3 Missing Center Clamps As briefly discussed previously, properly installed fastening systems with no missing components can represent new installation scenario. However, with the accumulation of tonnage during service life, fastening systems with no missing components are not the only scenario found in the field. It is possible for some components to experience failure caused by fatigue, fracture, or crushing which can lead to missing fastening system components on the track superstructure. Thus the performance of the fastening system under non-ideal conditions is worth being investigated. Various possible non-ideal conditions were simulated and tested as listed in Table 1. The first test performed is the missing center clamps test. For this test, the tension clamps on both sides of the center sleeper were removed and the angled guide plates were left with screws tightened on the concrete sleeper. Figure 7 shows the percent lateral load for each sleepers under the missing center clamps scenario. On that same graph, the averaged fully fastened test results are also provided for comparison. Figure 7 shows that once the clamps are removed, the percent lateral load resisted by the center sleeper was reduced from 39% to 33%, the percent lateral load resisted by one of adjacent sleeper (sleeper 4) also reduced by a
5 Page 334 Figure 7. Missing center clamps small portion, from 27% to 26%. However, the percent lateral load resisted by sleeper 1, 2, and 5 all increased, from 1% to 2%, 8% to 16%, and 3% to 7%, respectively, which means the lateral forces become more evenly distributed for the missing center clamps scenario than the fully fastened scenario. The change of lateral force distribution may be caused by the change of lateral stiffness at the center when the clamps were removed. However, the majority of the lateral load was still resisted by the middle three sleepers. It was observed that there was more rail rotation at the center sleeper, which will be discussed in future publications. 3.4 Missing Center Clamps and Plates The second test performed was for missing center sleeper tension clamps and angled guide plates. For this test the tension clamps and angled guide plates were completely removed for the center sleeper. Since there are no angled guide plates in either the field or gauge side of the sleeper, there will be no lateral load measurement at this location, but lateral resistance from the friction is still possible. Figure 8 shows the percent lateral load for each sleepers under the missing center clamps and plates scenario. After removing the center clamps and plates, the percent lateral load clearly transferred into the adjacent sleepers. The percent lateral load for sleepers 2 and 4 increased from 8% and 27% to 22% and 39%, respectively, while the values for sleeper 1 remained similar. It is interesting to see that there is no value of percent lateral load for sleeper 5 after removing the center clamps and plates in Figure 8. This may be due the significant reduction in lateral restraint at the center sleeper which allowed the rail more freedom to twist or move, causing the field side angled plate of sleeper 5 to lose contact with the rail as load was being applied. This scenario may also happen in the field considering the longitudinal stiffness of rail is relatively low. Figure 8. Missing center plates 3.5 Missing Adjacent Clamps In order to help this study to cover a wide range of possibilities, it was important not only to include the non-ideal conditions on the center sleeper but also considering the two adjacent sleepers. Figure 10 illustrates the distribution of lateral loads when the two adjacent sleepers have had their tension clamps removed, representing a possible failure mode for both adjacent sleepers. When two out of five sleepers had missing clamps, the total percent of lateral load resist by angled guide plate increased from 79% to nearly 100%. The reason that the portion of lateral load resisted by the angled guide plate increased was possibly due to the loss of clamping force when the two adjacent clamps were missing. Similar to missing the clamps for the center sleeper only in which case the percent lateral load on the center sleeper reduced (from 39% to 33%, see Figure 7), the percent lateral load for sleeper 3 decreased from 39% to 38%. Sleepers 1, 2 and 4 increased, 1% to 6% for sleeper 1, 8% to 20% for sleeper 2 and 27% to 29% for sleeper 4 (Figure 9). One interesting observation is the percent lateral load of sleeper 5 reduced to 0 after clamps were removed from sleeper 2 and 4, while a considerable percent lateral load increased from 1% to 6% for sleeper 1. Figure 9. Missing adjacent clamps
6 Page 335 One possible reason for this behavior could be that the rail moved during the application of load and one side (sleeper 1 and 2) of the test setup became more engaged. This can also be confirmed by comparing the total percent lateral load changed for sleeper 1 and 2 was 17%, while the values for sleeper 4 and 5 was 1%. 3.6 Missing Adjacent Clamps and Plates Figure 10 illustrates the distribution of lateral loads when the two adjacent sleepers have had both the tension clamps and angled guide plates removed. This test is the most severe scenario in this study. With two sleepers lose ability to restraint lateral movement dramatically, the total percent lateral load measured by LLEDs changed from 79% to 89%. The percent lateral load restrained by the angled guide plate of the center sleeper increased from 39% at the fully fastened scenario to 62%, while the value at the missing adjacent clamps was 38%. A similar increase at sleeper 1 was from 1% at the fully fastened scenario to 13%, while the value at the missing adjacent clamps was 6%. This is because when sleeper 2 and 4 significantly lose their ability to sustain lateral load, fastening system at sleeper 1 and 3 became more engaged. Similar as the missing adjacent clamps test, no noticeable lateral load was measured from sleeper 5. The performance of the Skl-style fastening system was consistent under the specific test conditions in this study. Loss of clamping force during reinstallation for multiple times was not observed. Skl-style fastening system relies more on the angled guide plate to resist lateral load than frictional forces. The majority of the lateral load is distributed into three sleepers under single point lateral load. Missing components will redistribute the lateral load considerably, especially when the angled guide plate is missing. When some component or components are missing, lateral load will mainly be transferred into two adjacent sleepers. However, depending on the initial position of the rail, the redistribution of the lateral load could influence up to five sleepers. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was partially sponsored by funding from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), part of the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT). The published material in this report represents the position of the authors and not necessarily that of the DOT. The sleeper and fastening system were provided by Rocla Concrete Tie Inc. and Vossloh North America, respectively. The authors would like to acknowledge Donovan Holder, Brendan Schmit, Alamo DiTarso, Michael Parisotto, Daniel Savio, Jacob Allen, Tim Prunkard and the UIUC machine shop for their help in experimentation setup. 6 REFERENCES Figure 10. Missing adjacent clamps 4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK This paper presents an experimental study focused on characterizing lateral load distribution with the Skl-style fastening system under non-ideal conditions. These non-ideal conditions include missing one or more components at one or more sleepers. Lateral load was measured and analysed for each sleeper under different test scenarios. The following conclusions can be drawn based on the preliminary results from this study: Holder, D.E., Williams, B.A., Dersch, M.S., and Edwards, J.R Quantification of lateral Forces in Concrete Sleeper Fastening Systems under Heavy Haul Freight Loads. In: Proceedings: The 11 th International Heavy Haul Association Conference, Perth, Australia. Greve, M.J., Dersch M.S., Edwards J.R., Barkan C.P.L., Thompson, H., Sussmann, T., and McHenry M Examination of the Effect of Concrete Crosstie Rail Seat Deterioration on Rail Seat Load Distribution. In: Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transposrtation Van Dyk,B., Bosterling,W., Harrass, M.,Wiethoff, N., and Wroblewski A Rail Fastening System Design Considerations to Reduce The Stress Within Haul Track Supersstructure. In: Proceedings: International Heavy Haul Conference Fastening System Session, Perth, Australia, Jun 2015, pp Williams, B.A., Edwards, J.R., Kernes, R.G., and Barkan, C.P.L Analysis of the Lateral Load Path in Concrete Crosstie Fastening Systems. In: Proceedings: The 2014 Joint Rail Conference, Colorado Springs, CO, USA,
Quantification of Lateral Forces in Concrete Crosstie Fastening Systems
in Concrete Crosstie Fastening Systems Transportation Research Board 94 th Annual Meeting Washington D.C. 13 January 21 Brent Williams, Donovan Holder, Marcus Dersch, Riley Edwards, and Christopher Barkan
More informationLateral and Vertical Load Path Summary of Field Results
Slide 1 Lateral and Vertical Load Path Summary of Field Results 214 International Crosstie & Fastening System Symposium Urbana, IL 3 June 214 Matthew Greve, Brent Williams, J. Riley Edwards, Marcus Dersch,
More informationExperimental Field Investigation of the Transfer of Lateral Wheel Loads on Concrete Crosstie Track
Experimental Field Investigation of the Transfer of Lateral Wheel Loads on Concrete Crosstie Track AREMA Annual Conference Chicago, IL 30 September 2014 Brent A. Williams, J. Riley Edwards, Marcus S. Dersch
More informationANALYSIS OF THE LATERAL LOAD PATH IN CONRETE CROSSTIE FASTENING SYSTEMS
Proceedings of the 2014 Joint Rail Conference JRC2014 April 2-4, 2014, Colorado Springs, CO, USA JRC2014-3754 ANALYSIS OF THE LATERAL LOAD PATH IN CONRETE CROSSTIE FASTENING SYSTEMS Brent Williams bwillms3@illinois.edu
More informationLaboratory Instrumentation of Concrete Crossties and Fastening Systems AREMA Committee 30 Fall 2012 Meeting Tampa, FL 25 October 2012
Laboratory Instrumentation of Concrete Crossties and Fastening Systems AREMA Committee 30 Fall 2012 Meeting Tampa, FL 25 October 2012 Sihang Wei, Daniel Kuchma, Justin Grassé, Riley Edwards and Marcus
More informationSimulating Rotary Draw Bending and Tube Hydroforming
Abstract: Simulating Rotary Draw Bending and Tube Hydroforming Dilip K Mahanty, Narendran M. Balan Engineering Services Group, Tata Consultancy Services Tube hydroforming is currently an active area of
More informationJRC EFFECTS OF BALLAST DEGRADATION ON PERMANENT DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR FROM LARGE-SCALE TRIAXIAL TESTS
Proceedings of the 214 Joint Rail Conference JRC214 April 2-4, 214, Colorado Springs, CO, USA JRC214-386 EFFECTS OF BALLAST DEGRADATION ON PERMANENT DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR FROM LARGE-SCALE TRIAXIAL TESTS
More informationErol Tutumluer, Yu Qian, Youssef Y.M.A. Hashash, and Jamshid Ghaboussi
Field Validated Discrete Element Model for Railroad Ballast Erol Tutumluer, Yu Qian, Youssef Y.M.A. Hashash, and Jamshid Ghaboussi University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) David D. Davis Transportation
More informationGauge Face Wear Caused with Vehicle/Track Interaction
Gauge Face Wear Caused with Vehicle/Track Interaction Makoto ISHIDA*, Mitsunobu TAKIKAWA, Ying JIN Railway Technical Research Institute 2-8-38 Hikari-cho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan Tel: +81-42-573-7291,
More informationTesting criteria for non-ballasted track and embedded track systems
Testing criteria for non-ballasted track and embedded track systems ABSTRACT André Van Leuven Dynamic Engineering St Louis, MO The EC co funded research project Urban Track aims at reducing the total life
More informationCost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Systems
Cost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Systems Presented at the 71st Annual Conference for Protective Engineers Brian Ehsani, Black & Veatch Jason Hulme, Black & Veatch Abstract
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF RC BEAMS WITH CFRP SHEETS
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF RC BEAMS WITH CFRP SHEETS Yasuhiro Koda and Ichiro Iwaki Dept. of Civil Eng., College of Eng., Nihon University, Japan Abstract This research
More informationAcceleration Behavior of Drivers in a Platoon
University of Iowa Iowa Research Online Driving Assessment Conference 2001 Driving Assessment Conference Aug 1th, :00 AM Acceleration Behavior of Drivers in a Platoon Ghulam H. Bham University of Illinois
More informationDynamic characteristics of railway concrete sleepers using impact excitation techniques and model analysis
Dynamic characteristics of railway concrete sleepers using impact excitation techniques and model analysis Akira Aikawa *, Fumihiro Urakawa *, Kazuhisa Abe **, Akira Namura * * Railway Technical Research
More informationTheoretical and Experimental Investigation of Compression Loads in Twin Screw Compressor
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2004 Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Compression Loads in Twin Screw Compressor
More informationClamping Force Effects on the Behaviour of Asymmetrical Friction Connections (AFC)
Clamping Force Effects on the Behaviour of Asymmetrical Friction Connections (AFC) J. Chanchí Golondrino University of Canterbury, New Zealand National University of Colombia, Colombia G.A. MacRae, J.G.
More informationEvaluation of Vibrostrengthening for Fatigue Enhancement of Titanium Structural Components on Commercial Aircraft
Evaluation of Vibrostrengthening for Fatigue Enhancement of Titanium Structural Components on Commercial Aircraft D. H. Gane 1, Y. S. Rumyantsev 2, H. T. Diep 1, L. Bakow 1 1 Boeing Commercial Aircraft
More informationThe Deployable Gage Restraint Measurement System - Description and Operational Performance
The Deployable Gage Restraint Measurement System - Description and Operational Performance GARY A. MARTIN ENSCO, INC 5400 PORT ROYAL ROAD SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 703-321-4513 703-321-7619 (FAX) JEFFREY A.
More informationIntegrated Risk Management Framework for Improving the Safety of Hazardous Materials Transportation by Rail
Integrated Risk Management Framework for Improving the Safety of Hazardous Materials Transportation by Rail Xiang Liu, Mohd Rapik Saat, Christopher P.L. Barkan Rail Transportation and Engineering Center
More informationCAPT JT Elder Commanding Officer NSWC Crane
KeyMod vs. M-LOK Modular Rail System Comparison Abstract #19427 Presented By: Caleb McGee Date: 4 May 2017 CAPT JT Elder Commanding Officer NSWC Crane Dr. Brett Seidle, SES Technical Director NSWC Crane
More informationThe Design Aspects of Metal- Polymer Bushings in Compressor Applications
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2006 The Design Aspects of Metal- Polymer Bushings in Compressor Applications Christopher
More informationValidation Simulation of New Railway Rolling Stock Using the Finite Element Method
4 th European LS-DYNA Users Conference Crash / Automotive Applications II Validation Simulation of New Railway Rolling Stock Using the Finite Element Method Authors: Martin Wilson and Ben Ricketts Correspondence:
More informationCHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL SHOCK TESTS ON DIP-PCB ASSEMBLY
135 CHAPTER 6 MECHANICAL SHOCK TESTS ON DIP-PCB ASSEMBLY 6.1 INTRODUCTION Shock is often defined as a rapid transfer of energy to a mechanical system, which results in a significant increase in the stress,
More informationProcedia Engineering 00 (2009) Mountain bike wheel endurance testing and modeling. Robin C. Redfield a,*, Cory Sutela b
Procedia Engineering (29) Procedia Engineering www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 9 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) Mountain bike wheel endurance testing and modeling
More informationTransient Thermal Analysis of Screw Compressors, Part III: Transient Thermal Analysis of a Screw Compressor to Determine Rotor-to-Rotor Clearances
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 26 Transient Thermal Analysis of Screw Compressors, Part III: Transient Thermal Analysis
More informationA Cost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Schemes and Ground Grid Design
A Cost Benefit Analysis of Faster Transmission System Protection Schemes and Ground Grid Design Presented at the 2018 Transmission and Substation Design and Operation Symposium Revision presented at the
More informationNUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN RAILWAY TRACK UNDER WHEELSET
Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol., No. 3 13 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN RAILWAY TRACK UNDER WHEELSET Piotr Szurgott, Krzysztof Berny Military University of Technology Department
More informationSafety factor and fatigue life effective design measures
Safety factor and fatigue life effective design measures Many catastrophic failures have resulted from underestimation of design safety and/or fatigue of structures. Failure examples of engineered structures
More informationAmbient Magnetic Field Compensation for the ARIEL (Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory) Electron Beamline. Gabriela Arias April 2014, TRIUMF
Ambient Magnetic Field Compensation for the ARIEL (Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory) Electron Beamline Gabriela Arias April 2014, TRIUMF Summary TRIUMF s Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) facility
More informationInfluence of Coupler and Buffer on Dynamics Performance of Heavy Haul Locomotive
Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.ae The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 215, 9, 133-138 133 Open Access Influence of Coupler and Buffer on Dynamics Performance of Heavy Haul Locomotive
More informationSkid against Curb simulation using Abaqus/Explicit
Visit the SIMULIA Resource Center for more customer examples. Skid against Curb simulation using Abaqus/Explicit Dipl.-Ing. A. Lepold (FORD), Dipl.-Ing. T. Kroschwald (TECOSIM) Abstract: Skid a full vehicle
More informationRESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016
RESILIENT INFRASTRUTURE June 1 4, 2016 RE-TESTING OF A FIRE-DAMAGED RIDGE Alexander M.. Au, Senior ridge Engineer, Highway Standards ranch, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, anada ASTRAT A proof load
More informationNumerical Study on the Flow Characteristics of a Solenoid Valve for Industrial Applications
Numerical Study on the Flow Characteristics of a Solenoid Valve for Industrial Applications TAEWOO KIM 1, SULMIN YANG 2, SANGMO KANG 3 1,2,4 Mechanical Engineering Dong-A University 840 Hadan 2 Dong, Saha-Gu,
More informationStudy on Mechanism of Impact Noise on Steering Gear While Turning Steering Wheel in Opposite Directions
Study on Mechanism of Impact Noise on Steering Gear While Turning Steering Wheel in Opposite Directions Jeong-Tae Kim 1 ; Jong Wha Lee 2 ; Sun Mok Lee 3 ; Taewhwi Lee 4 ; Woong-Gi Kim 5 1 Hyundai Mobis,
More informationA Recommended Approach to Pipe Stress Analysis to Avoid Compressor Piping Integrity Risk
A Recommended Approach to Pipe Stress Analysis to Avoid Compressor Piping Integrity Risk by: Kelly Eberle, P.Eng. Beta Machinery Analysis Calgary, AB Canada keberle@betamachinery.com keywords: reciprocating
More informationRoad Safety s Mid Life Crisis The Trends and Characteristics for Middle Aged Controllers Involved in Road Trauma
Road Safety s Mid Life Crisis The Trends and Characteristics for Middle Aged Controllers Involved in Road Trauma Author: Andrew Graham, Roads and Traffic Authority, NSW Biography: Andrew Graham has been
More informationHydraulic Drive Head Performance Curves For Prediction of Helical Pile Capacity
Hydraulic Drive Head Performance Curves For Prediction of Helical Pile Capacity Don Deardorff, P.E. Senior Application Engineer Abstract Helical piles often rely on the final installation torque for ultimate
More informationImprovement Design of Vehicle s Front Rails for Dynamic Impact
5 th European LS-DYNA Users Conference Crash Technology (1) Improvement Design of Vehicle s Front Rails for Dynamic Impact Authors: Chien-Hsun Wu, Automotive research & testing center Chung-Yung Tung,
More informationSubstation Equipment (Bushings)
Substation Equipment (Bushings) Mark B. Goff, P.E. Tennessee Valley Authority ABSTRACT Bushings provide a point of interface such that electrical current can pass to and from an electrical apparatus. Much
More informationLateral Resistance Characteristics of Sleepers in Railway Ballasted Tracks from Laboratory Model Tests
1st China Japan Mini Workshop Lateral Resistance Characteristics of Sleepers in Railway Ballasted Tracks from Laboratory Model Tests Kimitoshi Hayano (Yokohama National University) Contents 1) Effects
More informationImprovements of Existing Overhead Lines for 180km/h operation of the Tilting Train
Improvements of Existing Overhead Lines for 180km/h operation of the Tilting Train K. Lee, Y.H. Cho, Y. Park, S. Kwon Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-City, Korea Abstract The purpose of this
More informationBushing connector application in Suspension modeling
Bushing connector application in Suspension modeling Mukund Rao, Senior Engineer John Deere Turf and Utility Platform, Cary, North Carolina-USA Abstract: The Suspension Assembly modeling in utility vehicles
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FLOWFIELD OF DUCT FLOW WITH AN INCLINED JET INJECTION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FLOWFIELDS WITH AND WITHOUT A GUIDE VANE
Proceedings of the 3rd ASME/JSME Joint Fluids Engineering Conference July 8-23, 999, San Francisco, California FEDSM99-694 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FLOWFIELD OF DUCT FLOW WITH AN INCLINED JET
More informationMonitoring of Shoring Pile Movement using the ShapeAccel Array Field
2359 Royal Windsor Drive, Unit 25 Mississauga, Ontario L5J 4S9 t: 905-822-0090 f: 905-822-7911 monir.ca Monitoring of Shoring Pile Movement using the ShapeAccel Array Field Abstract: A ShapeAccel Array
More informationSTRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF 5000 kn DAMPER
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF 5000 kn DAMPER I.H. Mualla Dr. Eng. CTO of DAMPTECH A/S E.D. Jakupsson Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark L.O. Nielsen Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering,
More informationREPEATABILITY OF CPX TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASUREMENTS. Gillian Adams, Frits Kamst and Stephen Pugh ASK Consulting Engineers, Brisbane, Australia
ICSV14 Cairns Australia 9-12 July, 2007 REPEATABILITY OF CPX TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASUREMENTS Gillian Adams, Frits Kamst and Stephen Pugh ASK Consulting Engineers, Brisbane, Australia frits@askce.com ABSTRACT
More informationMETHODOLOGY FOR THE SELECTION OF SECOND HAND (RELAY) RAIL
METHODOLOGY FOR THE SELECTION OF SECOND HAND (RELAY) RAIL The G-Index and Wear Rates. Written By Michael R. Garcia, P.E. Chief, Rail Engineering Bureau of Railroads Room 302 Illinois Department of Transportation
More informationMASTER \ C. Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. INEL 96J014t we.l~%/0o/60 PREPRINT. MOTOR-OPERATOR GEARBOX EFFICIENCY 5 i u.
INEL 96J014t we.l~%/0o/60 PREPRINT \ C Idaho National Engineering Laboratory MOTOR-OPERATOR GEARBOX EFFICIENCY 5 i u.^ 1 Q Kevin G. DeWall, John C. Watkins, Donovan Bramwell The Fourth NRC/ASME Symposium
More informationControl of Static Electricity during the Fuel Tanker Delivery Process
Control of Static Electricity during the Fuel Tanker Delivery Process Hanxiao Yu Victor Sreeram & Farid Boussaid School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering Stephen Thomas CEED Client: WA/NT
More informationSTUDY ON VEHICLE PULL CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO TIRE TREAD PATTERN
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 891 896, Article ID: IJMET_09_05_098 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=9&itype=5
More informationTransmission Error in Screw Compressor Rotors
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2008 Transmission Error in Screw Compressor Rotors Jack Sauls Trane Follow this and additional
More informationEVALUATION OF THE ELLIPTICAL FLANGE CONFIGURATIONS FOR 24-INCH AND 30-INCH HEATER/COOLER UNITS
Proceedings of the ASME PVP 2007/CREEP 8 Conference July 22-26, 2007, San Antonio, Texas USA Paper No. PVP2007-26080 EVALUATION OF THE ELLIPTICAL FLANGE CONFIGURATIONS FOR 24-INCH AND 30-INCH HEATER/COOLER
More informationThe Evolution of Side Crash Compatibility Between Cars, Light Trucks and Vans
2003-01-0899 The Evolution of Side Crash Compatibility Between Cars, Light Trucks and Vans Hampton C. Gabler Rowan University Copyright 2003 SAE International ABSTRACT Several research studies have concluded
More informationMEASUREMENT OF TORQUE ON THE CARDAN SHAFT EMBEDDED IN THE FREIGHT VEHICLE
ACTA TEHNICA CORVINIENSIS Bulletin of Engineering Tome VIII [2015] Fascicule 3 [July September] ISSN: 2067 3809 1. Miroslav MILUTINOVIĆ, 2. Aleksija ĐURIĆ, 3. Spasoje TRIFKOVIĆ, 4. Nikola VUČETIĆ MEASUREMENT
More informationDRIVER SPEED COMPLIANCE WITHIN SCHOOL ZONES AND EFFECTS OF 40 PAINTED SPEED LIMIT ON DRIVER SPEED BEHAVIOURS Tony Radalj Main Roads Western Australia
DRIVER SPEED COMPLIANCE WITHIN SCHOOL ZONES AND EFFECTS OF 4 PAINTED SPEED LIMIT ON DRIVER SPEED BEHAVIOURS Tony Radalj Main Roads Western Australia ABSTRACT Two speed surveys were conducted on nineteen
More informationPrerequisites for Increasing the Axle Load on Railway Tracks in the Czech Republic M. Lidmila, L. Horníček, H. Krejčiříková, P.
Prerequisites for Increasing the Axle Load on Railway Tracks in the Czech Republic M. Lidmila, L. Horníček, H. Krejčiříková, P. Tyc This paper deals with problems of increasing the axle load on Czech Railways
More information3 consecutive 2-month summer campaigns
Background NZ Police typically operate with a 10km/h speed enforcement threshold which is publicised. Other jurisdictions already commenced operating with reduced or zero thresholds (e.g. Australia (VIC,
More informationImpact of Environment-Friendly Tires on Pavement Damage
Impact of Environment-Friendly Tires on Pavement Damage Hao Wang, PhD Assistant Professor, Dept. of CEE Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey The 14th Annual NJDOT Research Showcase 10/18/2012 Acknowledgement
More informationSimulation and Validation of FMVSS 207/210 Using LS-DYNA
7 th International LS-DYNA Users Conference Simulation Technology (2) Simulation and Validation of FMVSS 207/210 Using LS-DYNA Vikas Patwardhan Tuhin Halder Frank Xu Babushankar Sambamoorthy Lear Corporation
More informationOptimized Readjustment Length Requirements for Improved CWR Neutral Temperature Management
Optimized Readjustment Length Requirements for Improved CWR Neutral Temperature Management David M. Read Principal Investigator Andrew Kish, Ph.D. Railway Technology Consultant Dwight W. Clark Director
More informationA Model for the Characterization of the Scrap Tire Bale Interface. B. J. Freilich1 and J. G. Zornberg2
GeoFlorida 21: Advances in Analysis, Modeling & Design 2933 A Model for the Characterization of the Scrap Tire Bale Interface B. J. Freilich1 and J. G. Zornberg2 1 Graduate Research Assistant, Department
More informationTime-Dependent Behavior of Structural Bolt Assemblies with TurnaSure Direct Tension Indicators and Assemblies with Only Washers
Time-Dependent Behavior of Structural Bolt Assemblies with TurnaSure Direct Tension Indicators and Assemblies with Only Washers A Report Prepared for TurnaSure, LLC Douglas B. Cleary, Ph.D., P.E. William
More informationAnalysis and evaluation of a tyre model through test data obtained using the IMMa tyre test bench
Vehicle System Dynamics Vol. 43, Supplement, 2005, 241 252 Analysis and evaluation of a tyre model through test data obtained using the IMMa tyre test bench A. ORTIZ*, J.A. CABRERA, J. CASTILLO and A.
More informationPREDICTION OF PISTON SLAP OF IC ENGINE USING FEA BY VARYING GAS PRESSURE
PREDICTION OF PISTON SLAP OF IC ENGINE USING FEA BY VARYING GAS PRESSURE V. S. Konnur Department of Mechanical Engineering, BLDEA s Engineering College, Bijapur, Karnataka, (India) ABSTRACT The automotive
More informationHEAD AND NECK INJURY POTENTIAL IN INVERTED IMPACT TESTS
HEAD AND NECK INJURY POTENTIAL IN INVERTED IMPACT TESTS Steve Forrest Steve Meyer Andrew Cahill SAFE Research, LLC United States Brian Herbst SAFE Laboratories, LLC United States Paper number 07-0371 ABSTRACT
More informationGEOWEB GEOCELL SYSTEM PRESTO PRODUCTS GEOSYSTEMS PERFORMANCE TESTING REINFORCED RAIL BALLAST & SMARTROCK
GEOWEB GEOCELL SYSTEM PRESTO PRODUCTS GEOSYSTEMS PERFORMANCE TESTING REINFORCED RAIL BALLAST & SMARTROCK Summary of University of Kansas Research: GEOWEB geocell confinement is a three-dimensional geosynthetic
More informationLoad Cell for Manually Operated Presses Model 8451
w Technical Product Information Load Cell for Manually Operated Presses 1. Introduction... 2 2. Preparing for use... 2 2.1 Unpacking... 2 2.2 Using the instrument for the first time... 2 2.3 Grounding
More informationReliability and Validity of Seat Interface Pressure to Quantify Seating Comfort in Motorcycles
Reliability and Validity of Seat Interface Pressure to Quantify Seating Comfort in Motorcycles Sai Praveen Velagapudi a,b, Ray G. G b a Research & Development, TVS Motor Company, INDIA; b Industrial Design
More informationIJESRT. Scientific Journal Impact Factor: (ISRA), Impact Factor: METHODOLOGY Design Parameter [250]
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE LEAF SPRING FOR LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (TATA ACE) Miss. Gulshad Karim Pathan*, Prof. R.K.Kawade,
More informationMaximum Superelevation: Desirable, Allowable, and Absolute
Maximum Superelevation: Desirable, Allowable, and Absolute Nazmul Hasan, M. Eng. SNC-Lavalin Inc. ancouver, ON ABSTRACT The maximum values of superelevation are often qualified as desirable, allowable
More informationLeaf springs Design, calculation and testing requirements
Leaf springs Design, calculation and testing requirements S. Karditsas, G. Savaidis, A. Mihailidis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece A. Savaidis School of Pedagogical and Technological
More informationTorsional analysis of the chassis and its validation through Finite. Element Analysis
Torsional analysis of the chassis and its validation through Finite Ayush Anand Student(Production) BIT Mesra,Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215,India ayush.aand@gmail.com Element Analysis Keywords: Roll cage, Torsional
More informationANALYSIS OF GEAR QUALITY CRITERIA AND PERFORMANCE OF CURVED FACE WIDTH SPUR GEARS
8 FASCICLE VIII, 8 (XIV), ISSN 11-459 Paper presented at Bucharest, Romania ANALYSIS OF GEAR QUALITY CRITERIA AND PERFORMANCE OF CURVED FACE WIDTH SPUR GEARS Laurentia ANDREI 1), Gabriel ANDREI 1) T, Douglas
More informationThe Effect of Spring Pressure on Carbon Brush Wear Rate
The Effect of Spring Pressure on Carbon Brush Wear Rate By Jeff D. Koenitzer, P.E. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Preface 2008 For decades there was extensive testing of countless different carbon brush contact
More informationFinite Element Analysis on Thermal Effect of the Vehicle Engine
Proceedings of MUCEET2009 Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology June 20~22, 2009, MS Garden, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Finite Element Analysis on Thermal Effect of the
More informationPHYSICAL MODEL TESTS OF ICE PASSAGE AT LOCKS
Ice in the Environment: Proceedings of the 16th IAHR International Symposium on Ice Dunedin, New Zealand, 2nd 6th December 22 International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research PHYSICAL MODEL
More informationAn Evaluation of Active Knee Bolsters
8 th International LS-DYNA Users Conference Crash/Safety (1) An Evaluation of Active Knee Bolsters Zane Z. Yang Delphi Corporation Abstract In the present paper, the impact between an active knee bolster
More informationTransverse Distribution Calculation and Analysis of Strengthened Yingjing Bridge
Modern Applied Science; Vol. 8, No. 3; 4 ISSN 93-844 E-ISSN 93-85 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Transverse Distribution Calculation and Analysis of Strengthened Yingjing Bridge
More informationNon-contact Deflection Measurement at High Speed
Non-contact Deflection Measurement at High Speed S.Rasmussen Delft University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Stevinweg 1 NL-2628 CN Delft The Netherlands J.A.Krarup Greenwood Engineering
More informationSwitch design optimisation: Optimisation of track gauge and track stiffness
1 Switch design optimisation: Optimisation of track gauge and track stiffness Elias Kassa Professor, Phd Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, NTNU Trondheim, Norway E-mail: elias.kassa@ntnu.no
More informationFrontal Crash Simulation of Vehicles Against Lighting Columns in Kuwait Using FEM
International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2013, 2(5): 101-105 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijtte.20130205.02 Frontal Crash Simulation of Vehicles Against Lighting Columns in Kuwait Using FEM Yehia
More informationCrashworthiness Evaluation of an Impact Energy Absorber in a Car Bumper for Frontal Crash Event - A FEA Approach
Crashworthiness Evaluation of an Impact Energy Absorber in a Car Bumper for Frontal Crash Event - A FEA Approach Pravin E. Fulpagar, Dr.S.P.Shekhawat Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSBTS COET Jalgaon.
More informationVehicle Safety Risk Assessment Project Overview and Initial Results James Hurnall, Angus Draheim, Wayne Dale Queensland Transport
Vehicle Safety Risk Assessment Project Overview and Initial Results James Hurnall, Angus Draheim, Wayne Dale Queensland Transport ABSTRACT The goal of Queensland Transport s Vehicle Safety Risk Assessment
More informationFinite Element Analysis of Clutch Piston Seal
Finite Element Analysis of Clutch Piston Seal T. OYA * F. KASAHARA * *Research & Development Center Tribology Research Department Three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate deformation
More informationStudy of the Performance of a Driver-vehicle System for Changing the Steering Characteristics of a Vehicle
20 Special Issue Estimation and Control of Vehicle Dynamics for Active Safety Research Report Study of the Performance of a Driver-vehicle System for Changing the Steering Characteristics of a Vehicle
More informationAssemblies for Parallel Kinematics. Frank Dürschmied. INA reprint from Werkstatt und Betrieb Vol. No. 5, May 1999 Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Assemblies for Parallel Kinematics Frank Dürschmied INA reprint from Werkstatt und Betrieb Vol. No. 5, May 1999 Carl Hanser Verlag, München Assemblies for Parallel Kinematics Frank Dürschmied Joints and
More informationOn the prediction of rail cross mobility and track decay rates using Finite Element Models
On the prediction of rail cross mobility and track decay rates using Finite Element Models Benjamin Betgen Vibratec, 28 Chemin du Petit Bois, 69130 Ecully, France. Giacomo Squicciarini, David J. Thompson
More informationAbaqus Technology Brief. Prediction of B-Pillar Failure in Automobile Bodies
Prediction of B-Pillar Failure in Automobile Bodies Abaqus Technology Brief TB-08-BPF-1 Revised: September 2008 Summary The B-pillar is an important load carrying component of any automobile body. It is
More informationSix keys to achieving better precision in linear motion control applications
profile Drive & Control Six keys to achieving better precision in linear motion control applications Achieving precise linear motion Consider these factors when specifying linear motion systems: Equipped
More informationPerformance Based Design for Bridge Piers Impacted by Heavy Trucks
Performance Based Design for Bridge Piers Impacted by Heavy Trucks Anil K. Agrawal, Ph.D., P.E., Ran Cao and Xiaochen Xu The City College of New York, New York, NY Sherif El-Tawil, Ph.D. University of
More informationInvestigation of the Influences of Track Superstructure Parameters on Ballasted Railway Track Design
Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 48(1): 157-174, June 215 ISSN: 2322-293 Investigation of the Influences of Track Superstructure Parameters on Ballasted Railway Track Design Sadeghi, J. 1*, Hasheminezhad,
More informationSimulation and Analysis of Vehicle Suspension System for Different Road Profile
Simulation and Analysis of Vehicle Suspension System for Different Road Profile P.Senthil kumar 1 K.Sivakumar 2 R.Kalidas 3 1 Assistant professor, 2 Professor & Head, 3 Student Department of Mechanical
More informationDevelopment of a Finite Element Model of a Motorcycle
Development of a Finite Element Model of a Motorcycle N. Schulz, C. Silvestri Dobrovolny and S. Hurlebaus Texas A&M Transportation Institute Abstract Over the past years, extensive research efforts have
More informationVehicle Seat Bottom Cushion Clip Force Study for FMVSS No. 207 Requirements
14 th International LS-DYNA Users Conference Session: Automotive Vehicle Seat Bottom Cushion Clip Force Study for FMVSS No. 207 Requirements Jaehyuk Jang CAE Body Structure Systems General Motors Abstract
More informationDesign and Test of Transonic Compressor Rotor with Tandem Cascade
Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine Congress 2003 Tokyo November 2-7, 2003 IGTC2003Tokyo TS-108 Design and Test of Transonic Compressor Rotor with Tandem Cascade Yusuke SAKAI, Akinori MATSUOKA,
More informationAn Experimental Study on the Efficiency of Bicycle Transmissions
An Experimental Study on the Efficiency of Bicycle Transmissions R. Bolen and C. M. Archibald Grove City College, Grove City, PA Abstract: The objective of this project is to measure the efficiencies of
More informationUse of Flow Network Modeling for the Design of an Intricate Cooling Manifold
Use of Flow Network Modeling for the Design of an Intricate Cooling Manifold Neeta Verma Teradyne, Inc. 880 Fox Lane San Jose, CA 94086 neeta.verma@teradyne.com ABSTRACT The automatic test equipment designed
More informationLEVER OPTIMIZATION FOR TORQUE STANDARD MACHINES
LEVER OPTIMIZATION FOR TORQUE STANDARD MACHINES D. Röske, K. Adolf and D. Peschel Torque laboratory Division for Mechanics and Acoustics Phys.-Techn. Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany Abstract:
More informationRotorcraft Gearbox Foundation Design by a Network of Optimizations
13th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis Optimization Conference 13-15 September 2010, Fort Worth, Texas AIAA 2010-9310 Rotorcraft Gearbox Foundation Design by a Network of Optimizations Geng Zhang 1
More informationOperating Efficiency of Crankshaft Drive Pumps
By Dr. Scott Veenhuizen, OMAX Corporation Operating Efficiency of Crankshaft Drive Pumps Nozzle output power, electrical input power, and pump crankshaft input power of a 380 MPa variable speed crankshaft
More information