ONTARIO ROAD SAFETY. Annual Report 2011

Transcription

1 ONTARIO ROAD SAFETY Annual Report 2011

2 Printed on paper with recycled content. ISSN # (Printed Version) ISSN # (Internet Version)

3 ONTARIO ROAD SAFETY ANNUAL REPORT 2011 This document is available online at: If you are seeking information on how to reduce your risk of being in a collision, visit your local DriveTest Centre, or visit the Ministry of Transportation website at ontario. ca/transportation. For all other road safety public education materials please go to the ServiceOntario Publications website at or call or The Ministry of Transportation s Official Driver s Handbook is available online at You can also purchase hardcopies at DriveTest Centres, and at various department stores, automotive retail outlets and book stores. For more information on the data in this publication, please contact the Road Safety Policy Office Produced by: Road Safety Policy Office - Vehicles Safety Policy & Education Branch Ministry of Transportation 1201 Wilson Avenue Building A, Main Floor, Room 212 Toronto, Ontario M3M 1J8 Phone: Fax:

4 CONTENTS Section Title Page Foreword 6 1 Overview 18 1a Synopsis 20 1b Health Perspective 21 2 The People 22 2a People in Collisions 24 2b Putting the People in Context 35 2 Contents 3 The Collision 42 3a Types of Collisions 44 3b Time and Environment 47 3c Collision Location 50 4 Place of Collision 52 5 The Vehicle 70 5a Vehicles in Collisions 72 5b Putting the Vehicle in Context 74 6 Special Vehicles 76 6a Motorcycles 77 6b School Vehicles 78 6c Large Trucks 79 6d Off-Road Vehicles 80 6e Motorized Snow Vehicles 81 6f Bicycles 83 7 Conviction, Offence and Suspension Data 84 7a Conviction Data 86 7b Offence Data 87 7c Suspension Data 88 8 Appendix 89 8a Glossary 89 8b Acknowledgements 94

5 TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1.1 Selected Diagnoses of Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries Hospitalized in Ontario, Fiscal Year 2010/ Selected Surgical Procedures for Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries Hospitalized in Ontario, Fiscal Year 2010/ Category of Involved Person by Severity of Injury in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions, Category of Persons Killed by Age Groups, Category of Persons Injured by Age Groups, Sex of Driver by Class of Collision, Driver Condition by Class of Collision, Driver Age by Driver Condition in all Collisions, Recorded Occurrence of Driver Condition in Drivers Killed, Apparent Driver Action by Class of Collision, Seat Belt Usage by Severity of Driver Injury in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions, Seat Belt Usage by Severity of Passenger Injury in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions, Restraint Use for Children (0-4 Years) Killed in Collisions, Restraint Use for Children (0-4 Years) Involved in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions by Severity of Injury, Pedestrian Condition by Severity of Injury, Apparent Pedestrian Action by Severity of Injury, Category of Persons Killed and Injured, Sex of Driver Population by Age Groups, Driver Population by Age Groups, Driver Licence Class by Sex, Licensed Drivers, Total Collisions, Persons Killed and Injured, Driver Age Groups Number Licensed, Collision Involvement and Per Cent Involved in Collisions, Contents 3.1 Class of Collision, Collision Rate Per One Million Kilometers Traveled, Motor Vehicles Involved in Collisions Based on Initial Impact, Initial Impact Type by Class of Collision, Month of Occurrence by Class of Collision, Day of Week by Class of Collision, Hour of Occurrence by Class of Collision, Statutory Holidays, Holiday Weekends Persons Killed and Injured in Fatal Collisions, Light Condition by Class of Collision, Visibility by Class of Collision, Road Jurisdiction by Class of Collision, 2011

6 Table 3.12 Road Jurisdiction for All Collisions, Collision Location by Class of Collision, Road Surface Condition by Class of Collision, Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, Contents 5.1 Vehicles Involved in Collisions by Class of Collision, Condition of Vehicle by Class of Collision, Model Year of Vehicle by Class of Collision, Insurance Status of Vehicle by Class of Collision, Vehicle Population by Type of Vehicle, Selected Types of Vehicles by Model Year, Vehicle Damage Level by Class of Collision, Motorcyclists Killed and Injured, Selected Factors Relevant to Fatal Motorcycle Collisions, Pupils Transported Daily, Total Number of School Vehicles Involved in Collisions School Years, 2006/ / School Vehicle Type by Nature of Collision, School Year 2010/ Pupil Injury by Collision Event and Vehicle Type, 2010/2011 (Number of Persons) 6.6 Number of Persons Killed in Collisions Involving Large Trucks, Number of Large Trucks in All Classes of Collisions, Registered Trucks, Selected Factors Relevant to Fatal Large Truck Collisions, Drivers of Off-Road Vehicles Killed and Injured, by Collision Location, a Passengers of Off-Road Vehicles Killed and Injured, by Collision Location, b Pedestrians Killed and Injured by Off-Road Vehicles, by Collision Location, Registered Off-Road Vehicles, Selected Factors Relevant to All Off-Road Vehicle Collisions, Drivers of Motorized Snow Vehicles Killed and Injured, by Collision Location Riding Seasons 2006/ / a Passengers of Motorized Snow Vehicles Killed and Injured, by Collision Location Riding Season 2006/ / b Pedestrians Killed and Injured by Motorized Snow Vehicles, by Collision Location Riding Season 2006/ / Registered Motorized Snow Vehicles, Selected Factors Relevant to All Motorized Snow Vehicle Collisions, Riding Season 2010/ Bicyclists Killed and Injured, Age of Bicyclists Involved in Collisions by Light Condition, 2011

7 Table 6.20 Selected Factors Relevant to All Bicycle Collisions, Summary of Motor Vehicle Related Convictions, Motor Vehicle Convictions Related to the Highway Traffic Act, Motor Vehicle Convictions Related to the Criminal Code, Number of Driver Convictions for Criminal Code of Canada Offences, Administrative Driver Licence Suspensions, Monthly Suspensions Issued, Demerit Point Suspensions by Driver Age, 2011 Figure 1 Total Number of Fatal and Injury Collisions in Ontario, Persons Involved in Fatal and Injury Collisions by Severity of Injury, Fatality Rate Per 100 Million Kilometers Traveled in Ontario, Vehicle Population by Vehicle Class in Ontario, Motor Vehicle Convictions in Ontario by Type, Contents

8 FOR EWOR D

9 FOREWORD Ontario s roads are among the safest in North America. In 2011, Ontario s fatality rate of 0.53 per 10,000 licensed drivers was the lowest ever recorded in Ontario. It was the second lowest in all of North America, behind only the Northwest Territories. In 2011, the number of traffic fatalities on Ontario roads was 498, which is the lowest number of fatalities since The number of licensed drivers increased by over 122,000 to over 9.3 million in The number of drinking and driving fatalities decreased from 160 in 2010 to 116 in 2011, a reduction of 27.5 per cent. 7 The number of people killed in speed-related collisions decreased from 87 in 2010 to 80 in 2011, a reduction of 8.0 per cent. While the number of licensed senior drivers and drivers aged both increased, fatalities among these age groups decreased. Foreword What is the Ontario Road Safety Annual Report (ORSAR)? On average, one person is killed on Ontario s roads every 18 hours. Road safety is a priority for the Ontario government. As technology, vehicles, and people s attitudes evolve over time, so do transportation needs and demands. With shifting economic and demographic factors, new road safety challenges can arise. ORSAR allows the Ontario government to monitor its progress in improving road safety year-by-year. The report provides valuable data and guides the government as it determines where more effort is required. ORSAR is used by the Ministry of Transportation, Ontario (MTO) for policy and program analysis and development, road safety research, public education and performance measurement. ORSAR data is also used by road safety and injury prevention organizations, transportation associations, research institutions, police services and other ministries and governments.

10 To help the government address and meet new challenges, ORSAR provides valuable insights about long-term and emerging trends in Ontario and across other jurisdictions in North America. To produce ORSAR, MTO collects data from several different sources, including police services, other ministries, and the Office of the Chief Coroner. Ontario s roads consistently rank among the safest in North America. Over the past 13 years, our province has ranked either first or second among all North American jurisdictions. By continuing to work with our road safety partners and monitoring trends captured in ORSAR, Ontario can continue to develop new and innovative road safety strategies that will help save lives and keep Ontario s roads among the safest in the world. Key Road Safety Findings for Ontario in Foreword For more than 20 years, Ontario has measured road safety by calculating the number of collisionrelated fatalities for every 10,000 licensed drivers. In Ontario, the fatality rate per 10,000 licensed drivers in 2011 was 0.53 the lowest ever recorded. The actual number of fatalities was 498. This is the lowest number of fatalities since The fatality rate places Ontario second in all of North America, behind only the Northwest Territories. Ontario has now ranked first or second for 13 years in a row. The number of injuries in Ontario was 62,019, a decrease of 2,495 from 2010, and the lowest number of injuries since Road Safety in Ontario: 2010 vs 2011 Category Number of Fatalities Number of Injuries 64,514 62,019 Fatality Rate per 10,000 Licensed Drivers Injury Rate per 10,000 Licensed Drivers Road Safety in Ontario: Significant Progress Since 2002 Category Change % Change Number of Fatalities (375) (43.0) Number of Injuries 84,192 62,019 (22,173) (26.3) Fatality Rate per 10,000 Licensed Drivers (0.51) (49.0) Injury Rate per 10,000 Licensed Drivers (33.9) (33.9)

11 Top Priority Road Safety Issues Road safety is a challenge that requires commitment to build on our efforts year after year. We can take pride in milestone achievements, but keep in mind that they are milestones the challenge is always to do more, to save more lives. In recent years, the Ontario government has led the way by working with many road safety partners, including police, public health and safety organizations in the public, corporate and not-for-profit sectors. With support from these partners, Ontario has developed and introduced numerous pieces of legislation aimed at making our roads safer each year. Recent legislation and new measures include: n street racing / stunt driving legislation n blood Alcohol Content (BAC) warn range sanctions / reduced suspension n zero BAC for drivers 21 and under n distracted driving legislation n speed limiters for large trucks n expanded vehicle impoundment program n increased penalties for infractions n a made-in-ontario cycling strategy 9 ORSAR 2011 indicates that our legislation, combined with strong enforcement and education, is achieving positive results. A quick look at some key statistics underlines this continuing success. Foreword Drinking and Driving Ontario s drinking and driving fatality rate was 0.12 per 10,000 licensed drivers, the lowest fatality rate compared to the 50 U.S. States and the District of Columbia. The actual number of fatalities was 116 in Drugs and Driving Beginning in February 2011, the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario initiated a pilot project where all drivers killed in motor vehicle collisions were tested for the presence of drugs. The drug testing conducted during the pilot will become a permanent practice. As a result of this increased testing, the number of fatalities attributed to drugs other than alcohol increased by 56, from 5 fatalities in 2010 to 61 in Speeding / Street Racing The number of people killed in Ontario in speed-related collisions dropped from 87 in 2010 to 80 in 2011 a reduction of 8.0 per cent.

12 Street racers and other drivers who put other road users at risk by driving aggressively now face roadside vehicle impoundment and licence suspensions, and upon conviction face a fine of up to $10,000, a jail term of up to six months, and prolonged licence suspensions. Inattentive Driving The number of people killed in Ontario in collisions involving an inattentive driver increased from 63 in 2010 to 72 in 2011 a rise of 14.3 per cent. Senior Drivers Fatalities The number of licensed senior drivers aged 80 and over has increased four-fold over the past 20 years, from over 65,000 in 1992 to over 260,000 in Fatalities among senior drivers age 80 and over decreased from 24 in 2010 to 23 in Young Drivers Fatalities Foreword The number of licensed drivers aged increased by more than 4,400 in 2011, compared to the previous year. Fatalities among young drivers aged decreased from 24 in 2010 to 19 in Large Truck Fatalities Ontario has some of the most stringent truck safety laws in North America. There were 101 fatalities in collisions involving large trucks in 2011, a decrease from 109 in In addition, fewer than 2 per cent of the 105 large trucks involved in fatal crashes were found to have safety defects that may have contributed to the crashes. In comparison to all other drivers, large truck drivers involved in fatal collisions are more likely to be driving properly 70 per cent vs. 46 per cent for all other drivers. Large truck drivers are also less likely to be impaired by alcohol or drugs 3 per cent vs. 11 per cent for all other drivers. Seat Belts In 2011, 74 vehicle occupants were killed while not wearing a seat belt a decrease from 100 in Even though a Transport Canada survey shows Ontario has a 96 per cent seatbelt usage rate, about one in every four vehicle occupants killed on Ontario s roads were unbelted.

13 Vulnerable Road Users The number of motorcycle rider fatalities decreased from 47 in 2010 to 38 in 2011 down 19.1 per cent. The number of pedestrian fatalities increased from 95 in 2010 to 98 in 2011 a rise of 3.2 per cent. The number of bicycling fatalities increased from 18 in 2010 to 21 in 2011 a rise of 16.7 per cent. At a Glance: Situations with the Highest Road Fatalities Category Number of Fatalities Percentage of Total Fatalities* Drinking and driving collisions % Large truck collisions % Pedestrian fatalities % Speed-related collisions % Unbelted occupant fatalities % Inattentive driving collisions % Drug-involved driving collisions % Motorcyclist fatalities % * Some fatal crashes involve more than one of the factors listed. These percentages do not add to Foreword Looking Ahead: Next Steps For 13 years in a row, Ontario has ranked first or second in North America as the jurisdiction with the lowest number of road fatalities per 10,000 licensed drivers. The province has also achieved target reductions in fatalities and serious injuries, despite annual increases in the number of licensed drivers. Road safety is a challenge that evolves with growing populations, new technologies and urban and rural development. The future brings with it new priorities that we are committed to address. These include: n drug-impaired driving as an emerging issue n sharing the road with vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians and cyclists n senior drivers and driver fitness in light of an aging population and health issues n all-terrain vehicle safety

14 Social marketing has been an important means to educate the public and help save lives. It aims to change behaviours and change attitudes, to promote safety awareness and make our streets safer. Studies show road safety marketing campaigns result in a 12 per cent reduction in collisions. Ontario aims to be among the many countries that emphasize proactive, preventative measures, particularly education and awareness initiatives that reduce risky driving behaviour Conclusion ORSAR 2011 confirms that Ontario is a world leader in road safety. 12 We continue to work closely with our road safety partners and support police in their efforts to crack down on unsafe drivers and driving practices. As we review the findings of this year s report, we will strive to achieve better results and more milestones, and make Ontario s roads the safest in the world. Foreword Key Road Safety Statistical Trends Number of Fatalities and Licensed Drivers, % increase in licensed drivers since 1992 Fatalities 54% decrease in fatalities since 1992 Licensed Drivers (millions) Between 1992 and 2011, the number of licensed drivers increased by 40 per cent. In contrast, the number of fatalities decreased by 54 per cent over this 20-year period.

15 Number and Rate of Major and Minor Injuries, Number of Major and Minor Injuries [ 000] Major and Minor Injury Rate per 10,000 Licensed Drivers In 2011, 62,019 people were injured (including major, minor and minimal injuries) in motor vehicle crashes, 29,006 fewer than in This puts the number of injuries on the province s roadways at its lowest level since Foreword Fatality and Injury Trends for Different Age Groups Number of Persons Age 0 9 Killed and Injured, Number of Fatalities and Injuries 61% decline in fatalities and injuries since 1992 Between 1992 and 2011, the number of traffic fatalities and injuries among children aged 0-9 has dropped steadily, leading to an overall decline of 61 per cent.

16 Number and Rate* of Drivers Years Old Killed and Injured, Number of Year Old Drivers Killed and Injured 57% decrease in casualties since % decline in the casualty rate since 1992 Casualty Rate 14 * Number of injuries and fatalities per 10,000 licensed drivers Foreword The number of year old driver casualties (deaths or injuries) have declined, with a 57 per cent decrease in the number killed/injured and a 72 per cent decline in the casualty rate since Over the same time period , the number of licensed drivers aged increased by 53 per cent, from 314,685 to 482,743. Number and Rate* of Drivers Aged 65 and Over Killed and Injured, Number of Drivers Aged 65 and Over Killed and Injured 16% more casualties in 2011 than in % lower casualty rate in 2011 than in 1992 Casualty Rate *Number of injuries and fatalities per 10,000 licensed drivers The number of drivers aged 65 and over killed and injured increased by 16 per cent between 1992 and However, the population of drivers age 65 and over has been increasing more rapidly, therefore, the casualty rate per 10,000 licensed drivers has decreased by 39 per cent.

17 Large Trucks Number and Rate* of Fatalities in Large Truck Collisions; Large Truck Registrations, Number of Fatalities in Large Truck Collisions % decline in fatalities since % decline in the fatality rate since % increase in large truck registrations since Fatality Rate Large Truck Registrations, in [000] Year Number of Fatalities Fatality Rate Large Truck Registrations 15 *Number of fatalities per 100,000 large trucks Ontario s data shows that despite an increase of 75 per cent in the number of large trucks registered in Ontario, the number of large truck fatalities decreased from 180 in 1992 to 101 in 2011, down 44 per cent. Foreword Drinking and Driving Number and Rate* of Drinking and Driving Fatalities, Number of Drinking and Driving Fatalities 69% decline in fatalities since % decline in the fatality rate since 1992 Fatality Rate *Number of drinking and driving fatalities per 10,000 licensed drivers Both the number of drinking and driving fatalities and the fatality rate per 10,000 licensed drivers have declined dramatically from 1992, by 69 per cent and 78 per cent respectively.

18 Vulnerable Road Users Number and Rate* of Motorcycle Fatalities, % decline in the fatality rate since Foreword Number of Bicycle Fatalities and Serious Injuries, Number of Bicycle Fatalities Number of Bicycle Serious Injuries Motorcycle Fatalities (Riders and Passengers) 28% decline in fatalities since 1992 Fatality Rate *Number of motorcycle fatalities per 10,000 registered motorcycles Motorcycle registrations increased 4 per cent from 211,536 in 2010 to 220,026 in At the same time, motorcycle rider fatalities decreased from 47 in 2010 to 38 in Over the long term, between 1992 and 2011, there has been a 63 per cent decline in the fatality rate per 10,000 motorcycle registrations. Between 1992 and 2011, the number of bicycle rider fatalities fluctuated between a high of 36 in 1998 and a low of 9 in There were 21 bicycle rider fatalities in 2011.

19 Number of Pedestrian Fatalities and Serious Injuries, Number of Pedestrian Fatalities 30% decline in fatalities since % decline in serious injuries since 1992 Number of Pedestrian Serious Injuries 17 Between 1992 and 2011, the number of pedestrian fatalities was highest in 1993 with 146, and reached its lowest level in two decades in 2008 with 94. The number of pedestrian fatalities increased slightly from 95 in 2010 to 98 in 2011, up by 3 per cent. The number of pedestrian serious injuries increased from 420 in 2010 to 443 in 2011, up 5 per cent. Foreword

20 OV ERV I E W

21 1. OVERVIEW This section provides a synopsis of key road safety statistics such as the total number of traffic fatalities, injuries, collisions, licensed drivers and registered vehicles. The primary measure of road user safety in Ontario is the number of fatalities for every 10,000 licensed drivers. In 2011, Ontario s fatality rate of 0.53 per 10,000 licensed drivers was the lowest ever recorded in Ontario. Ontario continued to be a road safety leader in North America. The information on hospitalizations and other statistics in this section is a stark reminder of the human and economic cost of motor vehicle collisions, both in terms of lives lost, pain and suffering, and the impact on Ontario s healthcare system, which affects everyone in Ontario. 19 Figure 1 Total Number of Fatal and Injury Collisions in Ontario, ,000 Overview 60,000 Number of Fatal and Injury Collisions 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, Year

22 1A. SYNOPSIS Selected Statistics: 2011 Total Reportable Collisions 177,039 Total Drivers Involved in Collisions 309,668 Total Vehicles Involved in Collisions 320,399 Fatal Collisions 466 Personal Injury Collisions 44,076 Property Damage Collisions 132,497 Persons Killed 498 Drivers Killed (excludes All Terrain Vehicle and Snow Vehicle Drivers) 294 Drivers Killed (Impaired or Had Been Drinking) Passengers Killed 94 Pedestrians Killed 98 Other Road Users Killed 12 Overview Persons Injured 62,019 Estimated Ontario Population (2011) 13,263,500 Licensed Drivers 9,367,609 Registered Motor Vehicles 8,670,756 Estimated Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (in millions) 127,251 Number of Persons Killed in Motor Vehicle Collisions per 100,000 People in Ontario 3.75 Number of Persons Killed in Motor Vehicle Collisions per 100 Million Kilometres Travelled 0.39 Collision Rate per 100 Million Kilometres Travelled Fatal Collision Rate per 100 Million Kilometres Travelled 0.37 Number of Persons Killed in Motor Vehicle Collisions per 10,000 Licensed Drivers 0.53

23 1B. HEALTH PERSPECTIVE Table 1.1: Selected Diagnoses of Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries Hospitalized in Ontario, Fiscal Year 2010/2011 Selected Diagnoses Hospital Admissions Hospital Days of Stay Fracture of head Fracture of neck and trunk 849 8,391 Fracture of upper limb 485 2,467 Fracture of lower limb 1,094 10,101 Fractures involving multiple body regions Dislocation, sprains and strains Dislocations, sprains, and strains involving multiple body regions * * Intracranial injury 673 9,303 Internal injury of chest, abdomen, and pelvis 376 3,621 Open wound of head, neck, or trunk Open wound of upper limb Open wound of lower limb Open wounds involving multiple body regions * * Other diagnosis 1,015 12,412 Total Admissions and Days ** 4,828 48, Overview Source: Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Health Solutions Delivery Branch, Health Data Decision Support Unit * Small cell count (a value of less than 5); small cell counts are not to be published ** Totals do not include small cell counts Table 1.2: Selected Surgical Procedures for Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries Hospitalized in Ontario, Fiscal Year 2010/2011 Selected Procedure Hospital Admissions Hospital Days of Stay Head, brain, and cerebral meninges 88 1,853 Spinal cord, spinal canal, and meninges Nose, mouth, and pharynx Chest wall, pleura, mediastinum, and diaphragm 92 1,145 Bone marrow and spleen Kidney * 55 Facial bones and joints Reduction of fracture/dislocation with or without fixation (excluding head or facial bones) 1,374 14,318 Repair joint structures (excluding head or facial bones) Skin and subcutaneous tissue Other diagnostic and therapeutic interventions 1,674 22,065 Sub-total of surgical admissions and days ** 3,442 41,377 No interventions performed - surgical procedures 1,385 6,734 Source: Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Health Solutions Delivery Branch, Health Data Decision Support Unit * Small cell count (a value of less than 5); small cell counts are not to be published ** Sub-totals do not include small cell counts

24 T HE PE OPLE

25 2. THE PEOPLE This section highlights traffic fatalities and injuries by severity and characteristics of the road users involved. Key historical road safety data covering a period of more than 75 years is also provided to assist in analyzing long-term safety trends in Ontario. Highlights in this section include a decrease in the number of traffic fatalities from 579 in 2010 to 498 in 2011; the number of serious injuries decreased from 2,558 in 2010 to 2,469 in At the same time, the number of licensed drivers increased by 122,342, the number of registered motor vehicles increased by 109,878 and the estimated distance driven in Ontario decreased by 2,386 million kilometers. Out of 814 drivers involved in fatal collisions, 166 were impaired by alcohol or drugs, 70 drivers were coded as inattentive, and 90 were speeding. Despite the fact that about 96 percent of Ontario drivers use seat belts, 74 vehicle occupants who were fatally injured were not using seat belts at the time of the crash. 23 The People Figure 2 Persons Involved in Fatal and Injury Collisions by Severity of Injury, 2011 Fatal, 0.4% None, 46.7% Major, 2.1% Minor, 24.8% Minimal, 26.0%

26 2A. PEOPLE IN COLLISIONS Table 2.1: Category of Involved Person by Severity of Injury in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions, 2011 Severity of Injury Category of Involved Person None Minimal Minor Major Fatal Total Driver 35,448 18,112 16,361 1, ,202 Passenger* 18,593 8,857 7, ,520 Pedestrian 175 1,719 2, ,130 Bicyclist 22 1,006 1, ,222 Bicycle Passenger All Terrain Vehicle** Driver All Terrain Vehicle** Passenger Snow Vehicle Driver Snow Vehicle Passenger Motorcycle Driver ,439 Motorcycle Passenger The People Moped Driver Moped Passenger Hanger On Other Total 54,828 30,500 29,050 2, ,345 * Includes bus passengers ** In this table, all terrain vehicles include two-wheel, three-wheel and four-wheel off-road vehicles. Only persons involved in HTA reportable fatality and injury collisions are shown in this table (for more information on special vehicles, see Chapter 6). Fatal: Person killed immediately or within 30 days of the motor vehicle collision. Major: Person admitted to hospital. Minor: Person went to hospital and was treated in the emergency room but was not admitted. Minimal: Person did not go to hospital when leaving the scene of the collision. Includes minor abrasions, bruises and complaints of pain. None: Uninjured person.

27 Table 2.2: Category of Persons Killed by Age Groups, 2011 Age Groups Category of Person UK Total Driver Passenger* Pedestrian Bicyclist Bicycle Passenger All Terrain Vehicle** Driver All Terrain Vehicle** Passenger Snow Vehicle Driver Snow Vehicle Passenger Motorcycle Driver Motorcycle Passenger Moped Driver Moped Passenger Other Total * Includes hangers on. ** In this table, all terrain vehicles include two-wheel, three-wheel and four-wheel off-road vehicles. UK = Unknown Only persons involved in HTA reportable collisions are shown in this table (for more information on special vehicles, see Chapter 6). 25 The People

28 26 The People Table 2.3: Category of Persons Injured by Age Groups, 2011 Age Groups Category of Person UK Total Driver ,238 7,287 6,719 7,229 4,484 2,102 1, ,517 Passenger* , ,613 2,465 1,800 2,041 1, ,936 Pedestrian ,857 Bicyclist ,609 2,179 Bicycle Passenger All Terrain Vehicle** Driver All Terrain Vehicle** Passenger Snow Vehicle Driver Snow Vehicle Passenger Motorcycle Driver ,326 Motorcycle Passenger Moped Driver Moped Passenger Other Total 789 1,087 1, ,174 1,285 1,496 1,576 5,621 11,160 9,569 10,586 6,926 3,398 2,545 2,206 62,019 * Includes hangers on. ** In this table, all terrain vehicles include two-wheel, three-wheel and four-wheel off-road vehicles. UK = Unknown Only persons involved in HTA reportable collisions are shown in this table (for more information on special vehicles, see Chapter 6).

29 Table 2.4: Sex of Driver by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Sex of Driver Fatal Injury Damage Total Male , , ,976 Female ,147 77, ,917 Unknown* 23 4,250 11,502 15,775 Total , , ,668 * This includes situations where the enforcement officer is unable to make a determination, e.g., hit and run. Fatal Collision: A motor vehicle collision in which at least one person sustains bodily injury resulting in death within 30 days of the collision. Personal Injury Collision: A motor vehicle collision in which at least one person involved sustains bodily injury not resulting in death. Property Damage: A motor vehicle collision in which no person sustains bodily injury, but in which there is damage to any public property or damage to private property including damage to the motor vehicle or its load. 27 The People

30 Table 2.5: Driver Condition by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision 28 Personal Property Condition of Driver Fatal Injury Damage Total Normal , , ,453 Had Been Drinking ,406 2,122 Ability Impaired Alcohol over ,387 2,056 Ability Impaired Alcohol ,086 Ability Impaired Drugs* Fatigue ,020 1,614 Medical/Physical Disability ,062 Inattentive 70 12,829 29,188 42,087 Other ** ,146 Unknown *** 40 5,230 20,458 25,728 Total , , ,668 The People * Beginning in February 2011, all drivers killed in motor vehicle collisions were tested for the presence of drugs. Therefore, data may not be comparable to previous years. ** Driver condition is not defined above *** This includes situations where the enforcement officer is unable to make a determination, e.g., hit and run. Had Been Drinking: Driver had consumed alcohol but his/her physical condition was not legally impaired. Ability Impaired Alcohol over 0.08: Driver had consumed alcohol and upon testing was found to have a blood alcohol level in excess of 0.08 grams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood. Ability Impaired Alcohol: Driver had consumed sufficient alcohol to warrant being charged with a drinking and driving offence. Inattentive: Driver was operating a motor vehicle without due care and attention or placing less than full concentration on driving, e.g., changing radio stations, consuming food, reading, talking on phone or two-way radio, using headphones.

31 Table 2.6: Driver Age by Driver Condition in all Collisions, 2011* Driver Condition Had Impaired Ability Driver Been Alcohol Impaired Age Normal Drinking over 0.08 Alcohol Other Unknown Total Under , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,852 1,244 26, , ,691 2,739 58, , ,673 2,626 57, , ,700 2,629 59, , ,100 1,640 37, , , , & over 8, , ,202 Unknown 2, ,182 12,274 15,835 Total 232,453 2,122 2,056 1,086 46,223 25, , The People * Includes bicyclists, drivers of all terrain vehicles, etc.

32 Table 2.7: Recorded Occurrence of Driver Condition in Drivers Killed, 2011* 30 The People Recorded Number of Occurrence Drivers % Normal % Had Been Drinking % Ability Impaired Alcohol over % Ability Impaired Alcohol 0 0.0% Ability Impaired Drugs** % Fatigue 7 2.3% Medical/Physical Disability % Inattentive % Other 2 0.7% Unknown 0 0.0% Total % * Total includes drivers of all vehicle types killed in HTA reportable collisions. ** Beginning in February 2011, all drivers killed in motor vehicle collisions were tested for the presence of drugs. Therefore, data may not be comparable to previous years.

33 Table 2.8: Apparent Driver Action by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Apparent Driver Action Fatal Injury Damage Total Driving Properly , , ,946 Following Too Close 2 7,986 21,756 29,744 Speed Too Fast ,245 1,981 Speed Too Fast for Conditions 48 3,800 12,972 16,820 Speed Too Slow Improper Turn 16 3,927 9,488 13,431 Disobey Traffic Control 36 3,563 4,482 8,081 Fail to Yield Right of Way 75 8,271 14,828 23,174 Improper Passing ,359 2,999 Lost Control 93 5,804 14,667 20,564 Wrong Way on One Way Road Improper Lane Change 12 1,681 8,385 10,078 Other* 86 4,475 13,648 18,209 Unknown 27 2,016 10,155 12,198 Total , , , The People * Includes actions such as hit and run, driving on the wrong side of the road, improper parking and illegally parked.

34 The tables on the next two pages include only seat belt usage in collisions in which there were fatalities and personal injuries. Property damage only collisions are excluded. Table 2.9: Seat Belt Usage by Severity of Driver Injury in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions, 2011 Severity of Injury Safety Equipment Used Fatal Major Minor Minimal None Total Seat Belt Used ,416 16,649 32,382 64,394 Other Equipment* ,867 Equipment Not used No Safety Equipment Use Unknown ,481 4,266 Total 237 1,044 16,361 18,112 35,448 71, * Other equipment includes use of airbags. Combined use of seat belt with airbag deployment is unknown. The People Table 2.10: Seat Belt Usage by Severity of Passenger* Injury in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions, 2011 Severity of Injury Safety Equipment Used Fatal Major Minor Minimal None Total Seat Belt Used ,913 7,310 14,327 27,997 Child Safety Seat Used Incorrectly Child Safety Seat Used Correctly ,830 2,439 Other Equipment** Equipment Not used No Safety Equipment ,029 2,041 Use Unknown ,026 1,833 Total ,457 8,860 18,545 35,492 * Includes hangers on and excludes passengers in parked vehicles. ** Other equipment includes use of airbags. Combined use of seat belt with airbag deployment is unknown.

35 Table 2.11: Restraint Use for Children (0 4 Years) Killed in Collisions, Child Child Restraint Restraint Lap/Lap & Restraint Year Used Used Shoulder Not Used Correctly Incorrectly Belt Available Available, Not Used Use Unknown Total Table 2.12: Restraint Use for Children (0 4 Years) Involved in Fatal and Personal Injury Collisions by Severity of Injury, 2011 Injury Level Restraint Used Major/Fatal % Minimal/Minor % No Injuries % Child Restraint Used Correctly Child Restraint Used Incorrectly Lap/Lap-Shoulder Belt Not Available Available/Not Used Other Unknown Total The People

36 Table 2.13: Pedestrian Condition by Severity of Injury, 2011 Condition of Pedestrian Killed Injured Normal 31 3,366 Had Been Drinking Ability Impaired Alcohol over Ability Impaired Alcohol 0 58 Ability Impaired Drugs 4 11 Fatigue 0 1 Medical or Physical Defect Inattentive Other 2 60 Unknown Total 98 4,857 The People Table 2.14: Apparent Pedestrian Action by Severity of Injury, 2011 Apparent Pedestrian Action Killed Injured Crossing Intersection With Right of Way 22 2,194 Crossing Intersection Without Right of Way Crossing Intersection No Traffic Control Crossing Pedestrian Crossover Crossing Marked Crosswalk Without Right of Way Walking on Roadway With Traffic Walking on Roadway Against Traffic 3 52 On Sidewalk or Shoulder Playing or Working on Highway 2 52 Coming from Behind Parked Vehicle or Object 1 80 Running onto Roadway Getting On/Off School Bus* 0 2 Getting On/Off Vehicle 2 54 Pushing/Working on Vehicle 1 13 Other Total 98 4,857 * Calendar Year

37 2B. PUTTING THE PEOPLE IN CONTEXT Table 2.15: Category of Persons Killed and Injured, Persons Killed Persons Injured Driver Passenger* Pedestrian All Others In All Classes In All Classes Ontario Rate Per Rate Per Year Population (Est.)** Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Number 100,000 Number 100, ,439, , , , ,318 1, ,158 1, ,598, , , , ,181 1, ,652 1, ,743, , , , ,057 1, ,575 1, ,084, , , , ,916 1, , ,098, , , , ,022 1, , ,813, , , , ,756 1, , ,927, , , , , , ,100, , , , , , ,320, , , , , , ,500, , , , , , ,675, , , , , , ,513, , , , , , ,695, , , , , , ,966, , , , , , ,027, , , , , , ,293, , , , , , ,407, , , , , , ,558, , , , , , ,705, , , , , , ,803, , , , , , ,932, , , , , , ,072, , , , , , ,223, , , , , , ,263, , , , , , * Excludes motorcycle passengers, who are included with All Others. **Source: Statistics Canada 35 The People

38 Table 2.16: Sex of Driver Population by Age Groups, 2011 Age Groups Sex of Driver Total Male 254, , , , , , ,007 4,835,654 Female 228, , , , , , ,684 4,531,955 Total 482, ,981 1,591,669 1,722,950 1,931,679 1,477,896 1,382,691 9,367,609 Table 2.17: Driver Population by Age Groups, Age Groups Year Total , ,691 1,588,516 1,353, , , ,931 6,118, The People , ,470 1,634,187 1,409, , , ,826 6,290, , ,478 1,666,474 1,467, , , ,385 6,448, , ,931 1,673,502 1,501,765 1,018, , ,432 6,574, , ,707 1,665,433 1,528,726 1,082, , ,568 6,688, , ,934 1,655,573 1,566,083 1,136, , ,244 6,823, , ,704 1,645,962 1,611,972 1,190, , ,181 6,983, , ,094 1,621,989 1,659,749 1,240, , ,396 7,086, , ,060 1,608,567 1,717,050 1,297, , ,144 7,258, , ,532 1,611,708 1,789,110 1,360, , ,584 7,537, , ,053 1,593,744 1,845,474 1,415, , ,212 7,727, , ,808 1,576,673 1,895,323 1,475, , ,044 7,918, , ,331 1,582,207 1,935,150 1,540, ,838 1,026,179 8,121, , ,424 1,580,758 1,946,713 1,577, ,745 1,049,203 8,266, , ,561 1,580,837 1,945,944 1,612,219 1,053,877 1,075,439 8,413, , ,720 1,575,345 1,940,896 1,653,604 1,105,726 1,104,215 8,541, , ,861 1,567,346 1,929,418 1,698,350 1,157,824 1,129,641 8,655, , ,529 1,557,476 1,912,898 1,748,335 1,206,374 1,161,644 8,762, , ,575 1,550,313 1,888,582 1,793,515 1,252,613 1,185,309 8,867, , ,555 1,547,980 1,851,780 1,835,315 1,296,295 1,207,493 8,945, , ,491 1,553,552 1,808,597 1,875,742 1,339,948 1,241,006 9,042, , ,486 1,554,266 1,763,704 1,906,532 1,388,094 1,280,138 9,101, , ,075 1,572,436 1,740,128 1,927,499 1,441,906 1,319,881 9,245, , ,981 1,591,669 1,722,950 1,931,679 1,477,896 1,382,691 9,367,609

39 Table 2.18: Driver Licence Class by Sex, 2011 Driver Sex Licence Class Male % Female % Total % A 99, , , AB 5, , ABM 2, , ABM ABM AC 28, , , ACM 11, , ACM ACM2 1, , AM 26, , AM AM2 3, , B 17, , , BM 4, , BM BM C 8, , , CM 1, , CM CM D 224, , , DE DEM DEM DEM DF 3, , DFM DFM DFM DM 66, , , DM DM2 5, , E 1, , , The People

40 Table 2.18: Driver Licence Class by Sex, 2011 (continued) Driver Sex Licence Class Male % Female % Total % EM EM EM F 7, , , FM 1, , FM FM G 3,299, ,697, ,996, G1 252, , , The People G1M G1M G1M2 1, , G2 345, , , G2M G2M G2M2 3, , GM 340, , , GM1 6, , , GM2 56, , , M M M Total 4,835, ,531, ,367,

41 Table 2.19: Licensed Drivers, Total Collisions, Persons Killed and Injured, Licensed Total Year Drivers Collisions Persons Killed Persons Injured ,266 9, , ,710 9, , ,710 8, , ,743 9, , ,457 10, , ,765 11, , ,765 13, , ,729 13, , ,572 13, , ,551 16, , ,773 18, , ,883 13, , ,457 11, , ,650 11, , ,852 13, , ,087,445 17, , ,144,291 22, , ,209,408 27, , ,278,584 34, , ,366,388 43, , ,461,538 54, , ,556,559 58,515 1,010 23, ,656,259 65,866 1,082 24, ,747,567 62,509 1,045 24, ,856,845 63,219 1,111 26, ,967,789 71,399 1,180 28, ,088,551 76,302 1,279 30, ,176,417 76,884 1,112 30, ,270,246 81,518 1,187 31, ,355,567 87,186 1,166 34, ,414,615 85,577 1,268 37, ,469,425 94,231 1,383 41, ,555, ,919 1,421 47, The People

42 Table 2.19: Licensed Drivers, Total Collisions, Persons Killed and Injured, (continued) 40 The People Year Licensed Drivers Total Collisions Persons Killed Persons Injured ,694, ,232 1,424 54, ,739, ,462 1,611 60, ,821, ,781 1,596 65, ,004, ,008 1,719 67, ,128, ,127 1,586 71, ,247, ,395 1,683 74, ,422, ,609 1,535 75, ,563, ,831 1,769 84, ,688, ,494 1,934 95, ,841, ,021 1,959 97, ,972, ,271 1,748 98, ,160, ,689 1,800 97, ,315, ,865 1,511 83, ,562, ,567 1,420 95, ,725, ,363 1,450 94, ,858, ,196 1, , ,993, ,501 1, , ,123, ,372 1, , ,247, ,943 1,138 92, ,380, ,999 1,204 91, ,513, ,782 1,132 97, ,660, ,750 1, , ,817, ,286 1, , ,978, ,431 1, , ,118, ,398 1, , ,290, ,038 1, , ,448, ,188 1, , ,574, ,669 1,102 90, ,688, ,249 1,090 91, ,823, ,834 1,135 91, ,983, , , ,086, , , ,258, , ,445

43 Table 2.19: Licensed Drivers, Total Collisions, Persons Killed and Injured, (continued) Licensed Total Year Drivers Collisions Persons Killed Persons Injured ,537, , , ,727, , , ,918, , , ,121, , , ,266, , , ,413, , , ,541, , , ,655, , , ,762, , , ,867, , , ,945, , , ,042, , , ,101, , , ,245, , , ,367, , ,019 Table 2.20: Driver Age Groups Number Licensed, Collision Involvement and Per Cent Involved in Collisions, The People Drivers Drivers Involved % of Drivers of Each Age Age Drivers Licensed in Collisions* Involved in Collisions Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Under N/A N/A N/A 16 47,536 42,647 90, , ,170 55, ,752 2,705 1,963 4, ,077 61, ,877 3,470 2,205 5, ,637 68, ,931 3,878 2,429 6, ,880 71, ,231 3,991 2,575 6, , , ,750 15,720 10,622 26, , ,093 1,591,669 35,429 22,240 57, , ,980 1,722,950 35,050 22,027 57, , ,223 1,931,679 38,003 21,188 59, , ,278 1,477,896 24,611 12,367 36, , , ,061 11,932 6,138 18, & over 284, , ,630 7,766 4,416 12, Unknown , ,048 N/A N/A N/A Total 4,835,654 4,531,955 9,367, , , , * This table includes people in the driver s position of parked vehicles and excludes drivers of some vehicles such as bicycles, snow and off-road vehicles, etc.

44 T HE COLLI S I ON

45 3. THE COLLISION This section profiles the types of collisions that occur on Ontario s roads. To prevent motor vehicle collisions, we need to understand the context in which they occur, including hour of occurrence, day, month, collision type, location, and environmental factors. Identifying these contributing factors is an important step toward reducing collisions on Ontario s roads. The number of fatal collisions decreased from 534 in 2010 to 466 in 2011, down by 68, and the number of injury collisions decreased from 44,430 in 2010 to 44,076 in 2011, down by 354. The number of property damage collisions for 2011 was 132,497. It is worth noting that a decision has been made to discontinue counting self-reported, non-priority property damage collisions. Priority property damage collisions will continue to be counted and include the following types of collisions: 43 n All those occurring on provincial highways; n All those involving carrier vehicles; n All those involving drivers aged 70 or over; and n All those where a driver s condition has been reported as being impaired by drugs or if the driver had a medical/physical disability The Collision The fatality rate per 100 million kilometres traveled in Ontario decreased from 0.45 in 2010 to 0.39 in 2011 Figure 3 Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Kilometres Travelled in Ontario, Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Kilometres Travelled Year

46 3A. TYPES OF COLLISIONS Table 3.1: Class of Collision, Class of Collision 44 The Collision Year Fatal Personal Injury Property Damage ,076 76, , , ,106 77, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,039 Total Table 3.2: Collision Rate Per One Million Kilometres Travelled, Year Collision Rate Year Collision Rate Year Collision Rate * * * * * * * * * * ** 1.39** * Based on Statistics Canada estimates of Vehicle Kilometres Travelled.** Based on Westbay Research Inc. estimates for CCMTA

47 Table 3.3: Motor Vehicles Involved in Collisions Based on Initial Impact, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Motor Vehicle in Collision Involving Fatal Injury Damage Total Moveable Objects: Other Motor Vehicles , , ,226 Unattended Vehicles ,055 9,538 Pedestrian 95 4, ,888 Cyclist 22 2, ,958 Railway Train Street Car Farm Tractor Domestic Animal Wild Animal ,333 12,808 Other Moveable Objects Sub-total , , ,018 Fixed Objects: Cable Guide Rail Concrete Guide Rail ,123 1,414 Steel Guide Rail Pole (Utility Tower) ,217 1,530 Pole (Sign/Parking Meter) Fence/Noise Barrier Culvert Bridge Support Rock Face Snow Bank or Drift Ditch ,112 Curb ,471 1,935 Crash Cushion Building or Wall Water Course Construction Marker Tree, Shrub, or Stump Other Fixed Object ,188 1,437 Sub-total 25 2,233 8,633 10, The Collision

48 Table 3.3: Motor Vehicles Involved in Collisions Based on Initial Impact, 2011 (continued) Class of Collision 46 The Collision Personal Property Motor Vehicle in Collision Involving Fatal Injury Damage Total Other Events: Ran Off Road 70 2,495 5,990 8,555 Skidding/Sliding 68 3,826 12,474 16,368 Jack-knifing Load Spill Fire/Explosion Submersion Rollover Debris on Road ,094 1,215 Debris off Vehicle ,003 1,113 Other Non-Collision Event 27 1,088 2,420 3,535 Sub-total 179 7,804 23,507 31,490 Total , , ,399 Table 3.4: Initial Impact Type by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Initial Impact Type Fatal Injury Damage Total Approaching ,205 2,184 Angle 68 4,658 8,261 12,987 Rear End 33 12,555 34,260 46,848 Sideswipe 14 2,880 15,140 18,034 Turning Movement 43 9,309 21,763 31,115 With Unattended Motor Vehicle ,091 9,574 Single Motor Vehicle ,122 40,456 53,808 Other ,321 2,489 Unknown Total , , ,039

49 3B. TIME AND ENVIRONMENT Table 3.5: Month of Occurrence by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Month of Personal Property Occurrence Fatal % Injury % Damage % Total % January , , , February , , , March , , , April , , , May , , , June , , , July , , , August , , , September , , , October , , , November , , , December , , , Total , , , The Collision Table 3.6: Day of Week by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Day of Occurrence Fatal % Injury % Damage % Total % Monday , , , Tuesday , , , Wednesday , , , Thursday , , , Friday , , , Saturday , , , Sunday , , , Total , , ,

50 Table 3.7: Hour of Occurrence by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Hour of Personal Property Occurrence A.M. Fatal % Injury % Damage % Total % 12 to 1 a.m , , to 2 a.m , , to 3 a.m , , to 4 a.m , , to 5 a.m , , to 6 a.m , , Sub-total , , , to 7 a.m , , , The Collision 7 to 8 a.m , , , to 9 a.m , , , to 10 a.m , , , to 11 a.m , , , to 12 noon , , , Sub-total , , , Hour of Occurrence P.M. 12 to 1 p.m , , , to 2 p.m , , , to 3 p.m , , , to 4 p.m , , , to 5 p.m , , , to 6 p.m , , , Sub-total , , , to 7 p.m , , , to 8 p.m , , , to 9 p.m , , , to 10 p.m , , , to 11 p.m , , , to 12 midnight , , Sub-total , , , Unknown , , Total , , ,

51 Table 3.8: Statutory Holidays, Holiday Weekends Persons Killed and Injured in Fatal Collisions, 2011 Statutory Number of Fatal Drivers Passengers Others Total Holiday* Collisions Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Easter Weekend Victoria Day Canada Day Civic Holiday Labour Day Thanksgiving Day Christmas/Boxing Day * Actual length may vary depending on the calendar year. For certain holidays, it might include the whole weekend. Table 3.9: Light Condition by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Light Personal Property Condition Fatal % Injury % Damage % Total % Daylight , , , Dawn , , Dusk , , , Darkness , , , Other Total , , , The Collision Table 3.10: Visibility by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Visibility Fatal % Injury % Damage % Total % Clear , , , Rain , , , Snow , , , Freezing Rain , , Drifting Snow , , Strong Wind Fog, Mist, Smoke or Dust , Other Total , , ,

52 3C. THE COLLISION LOCATION Table 3.11: Road Jurisdiction by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Road Personal Property Jurisdiction Fatal Injury Damage Total Municipal (Excluding Township Road) ,774 72, ,183 Provincial Highway 127 6,880 29,850 36,857 Township 28 1,185 5,145 6,358 County or District 74 2,334 9,444 11,852 Regional Municipality 69 5,813 15,436 21,318 Federal Other Total , , ,039 The Collision Table 3.12: Road Jurisdiction for All Collisions, Year Road Jurisdiction* Total Municipal 143, , , , , , , , , ,183 1,373,147 Provincial 36,511 39,579 42,518 40,506 40,780 37,603 40,494 35,800 33,816 36, ,464 Township 8,678 9,602 9,146 8,144 8,189 7,819 7,636 7,295 6,665 6,358 79,532 County or District 12,692 13,773 14,200 13,929 12,852 12,144 12,018 11,444 11,638 11, ,542 Regional Municipality 31,659 31,628 30,731 29,195 28,864 25,760 24,343 23,622 25,360 21, ,480 Federal ,906 Other ,174 Total 234, , , , , , , , , ,039 2,241,245 * Collisions may not be comparable across the different years due to transfer of highways between jurisdictions.

53 Table 3.13: Collision Location by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Road Location Fatal % Injury % Damage % Total % Non-intersection , , , Intersection Related , , , At Intersection , , , At/Near Private Drive , , , At Railway Underpass or Tunnel Overpass or Bridge Other Total , , , Table 3.14: Road Surface Condition by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Road Surface Personal Property Condition Fatal % Injury % Damage % Total % Dry , , , Wet , , , Loose Snow , , , Slush , , Packed Snow , , Ice , , , Mud Loose Sand or Gravel Spilled Liquid Other Total , , , The Collision

54 PLACE OF COLLISION

55 4. PLACE OF COLLISION This section pinpoints the location of collisions in Ontario and provides a breakdown of the various classes of collision by municipality. The location of collisions provides vital information to MTO and local road authorities about the safety of Ontario s roads and highways. Comparing the number of collisions and injuries within specific municipalities over the years may help to highlight trends in road safety over time. This information helps MTO and local authorities to prioritize their infrastructure projects, enforcement activities, and education campaigns. Changes to the names and boundaries of municipalities due to amalgamation or annexation may mean that the statistics found in Table 4.1 of this section are not comparable from year to year. Information about population numbers by Ontario s municipalities can be found at the Statistics Canada website at These figures can be used to determine per capita fatality or injury rates by municipality for comparison purpose. Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 Class of Collision Persons 53 Place of Collision Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* ONTARIO TOTAL 177, , , ,019 8,902,181 Algoma Blind River T Elliot Lake C Huron Shores M Macdonald, Meredith & Aberdeen Add l TP Sault Ste. Marie C Provincial Highway Other Areas Algoma Total 1, , ,105 Brant Brantford C 1, Provincial Highway Other Areas Brant 1, , ,687

56 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 54 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Bruce Arran-Elderslie M Brockton M Huron-Kinloss TP Kincardine M Saugeen Shores T South Bruce Peninsula T Provincial Highway Other Areas Bruce Total 1, , ,893 Chatham-Kent Provincial Highway Other Areas 1, Chatham-Kent Total 1, ,547 Cochrane Black River-Matheson TP Cochrane T Hearst T Iroquois Falls T Kapuskasing T Timmins C Provincial Highway Other Areas Cochrane Total 1, ,074 Dufferin Amaranth TP East Garafraxa TP East Luther Grand Valley TP Melancthon TP Mono T Mulmur TP Orangeville T

57 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Shelburne T Provincial Highway Other Areas Dufferin Total 1, ,365 Durham Ajax T Brock TP Clarington M Oshawa C Pickering C Scugog TP Uxbridge TP Whitby T Provincial Highway 1, , Other Areas Durham Total 3, ,029 2, , ,091 Elgin Aylmer T Bayham M Central Elgin M Dutton-Dunwich M Malahide TP Southwold TP St. Thomas C West Elgin M Provincial Highway Other Areas Elgin Total 1, ,650 Essex Amherstburg T Essex T Place of Collision

58 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 56 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Kingsville T Lakeshore T LaSalle T Leamington M Tecumseh T Windsor C 3, , ,077 Provincial Highway Other Areas Essex Total 5, ,145 4, , ,726 Frontenac Central Frontenac TP Frontenac Islands TP Kingston C North Frontenac TP South Frontenac TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Frontenac Total 1, , ,367 Grey The Blue Mountains T Chatsworth TP Georgian Bluffs TP Grey Highlands M Hanover T Meaford M Owen Sound C Southgate TP West Grey M Provincial Highway Other Areas Grey Total 1, , ,790

59 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Haldimand-Norfolk Provincial Highway Other Areas 1, Haldimand-Norfolk Total 1, , ,448 Haliburton Algonquin Highlands TP Dysart et al TP Highlands East M Minden Hills TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Haliburton Total ,428 Halton Burlington C 1, , Halton Hills T Milton T Oakville T 1, , Provincial Highway 2, , Other Areas Halton Total 7, ,422 6, , ,343 Hamilton Hamilton C 5, ,921 3, ,639 Provincial Highway 1, Other Areas Hamilton Total 6, ,129 3, , ,775 Hastings Bancroft T Belleville C Centre Hastings M Deseronto T Faraday TP Place of Collision

60 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 58 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Hastings Highlands M Madoc TP Marmora and Lake M Stirling-Rawdon TP Tweed M Tyendinaga TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Hastings Total 2, , ,712 Huron Ashfield-Colborne-Wawanosh TP Bluewater M Central Huron M Goderich T Howick TP Huron East M Morris-Turnberry M North Huron TP South Huron M Provincial Highway Other Areas Huron Total ,814 Kawartha Lakes Kawartha Lakes C Provincial Highway Other Areas Kawartha Lakes Total 1, ,470 Kenora Dryden C Kenora C Red Lake M

61 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) Place of Collision Total Collisions Fatal Class of Collision Personal Injury Persons Property Damage Killed Injured Sioux Lookout M Provincial Highway Other Areas Motor Vehicle Registrations* Kenora Total 1, , ,087 Lambton Brooke-Alvinston TP Dawn-Euphemia TP Enniskillen TP Petrolia T Plympton-Wyoming T Point Edward V Sarnia C St. Clair TP Warwick TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Lambton Total 1, , ,526 Lanark Beckwith TP Carleton Place T Lanark Highlands TP Mississippi Mills T Montague TP Perth T Smiths Falls ST Tay Valley TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Lanark Total 1, , , Place of Collision

62 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 60 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Leeds & Grenville Athens TP Augusta TP Brockville C Edwardsburgh/Cardinal TP Elizabethtown-Kitley TP Front of Yonge TP Gananoque ST Leeds and the Thousand Islands TP Merrickville-Wolford V North Grenville M Prescott ST Rideau Lakes TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Leeds & Grenville Total 1, , ,867 Lennox & Addington Addington Highlands TP Greater Napanee T Loyalist TP Stone Mills TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Lennox & Addington Total ,660 Manitoulin Central Manitoulin M Provincial Highway Other Areas Manitoulin Total ,695

63 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Middlesex Adelaide-Metcalfe TP London C 4, ,650 2, ,376 Lucan Biddulph TP Middlesex Centre M North Middlesex M Southwest Middlesex M Strathroy-Caradoc TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Middlesex Total 5, ,968 3, , ,760 Muskoka Bracebridge T Georgian Bay TP Gravenhurst T Huntsville T Lake Of Bays TP Muskoka Lakes TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Muskoka Total 1, , ,101 Niagara Fort Erie T Grimsby T Lincoln T Niagara Falls C 1, , Niagara-On-The-Lake T Pelham T Port Colborne C St. Catharines C 1, , Thorold C Place of Collision

64 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 62 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Wainfleet TP Welland C West Lincoln TP Provincial Highway 1, Other Areas Niagara Total 6, , , ,076 Nipissing Bonfield TP East Ferris TP Mattawa T North Bay C West Nipissing M Provincial Highway Other Areas Nipissing Total 1, , ,836 Northumberland Alnwick-Haldimand TP Brighton M Cobourg T Cramahe TP Hamilton TP Port Hope M Trent Hills M Provincial Highway Other Areas Northumberland Total 1, ,360 Ottawa Ottawa C 13, ,547 11, ,379 Provincial Highway 1, , Other Areas Ottawa Total 15, ,766 12, , ,996

65 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Oxford East Zorra-Tavistock TP Ingersoll T Norwich TP Tillsonburg T Woodstock C Zorra TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Oxford Total 1, , ,338 Parry Sound Magnetawan M Mcdougall M Nipissing TP Parry Sound T Perry TP Powassan M Provincial Highway Other Areas Parry Sound Total ,582 Peel Brampton C 5, ,215 4, ,696 Caledon T Mississauga C 6, ,282 5, ,735 Provincial Highway 3, , ,114 Other Areas Peel Total 16, ,442 13, , ,675 Perth North Perth M Perth East TP Perth South TP Place of Collision

66 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 64 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* St. Marys ST Stratford C West Perth M Provincial Highway Other Areas Perth Total 1, ,597 Peterborough Asphodel-Norwood TP Cavan-Monaghan TP Douro-Dummer TP Galway-Cavendish-Harvey TP Havelock-Belmont-Methuen TP North Kawartha TP Otonabee-South Monaghan TP Peterborough C Smith-Ennismore-Lakefield TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Peterborough Total 1, , ,627 Prescott & Russell Alfred and Plantagenet TP Casselman V Clarence-Rockland C East Hawkesbury TP Hawkesbury T The Nation M Russell TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Prescott & Russell Total 1, , ,129

67 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Prince Edward Provincial Highway Other Areas Prince Edward Total ,311 Rainy River Atikokan T Fort Frances T Provincial Highway Other Areas Rainy River Total ,992 Renfrew Admaston-Bromley TP Arnprior T Bonnechere Valley TP Brudenell, Lyndoch and Raglan TP Deep River T Greater Madawaska TP Horton TP Laurentian Hills T Laurentian Valley TP Madawaska Valley TP McNab-Braeside TP North Algona Wilberforce TP Pembroke C Petawawa T Renfrew T Whitewater Region TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Renfrew Total 1, , , Place of Collision

68 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 66 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Simcoe Adjala-Tosorontio TP Barrie C 1, , Bradford West Gwillimbury T Clearview TP Collingwood T Essa TP Innisfil T Midland T New Tecumseth T Orillia C Oro-Medonte TP Penetanguishene T Ramara TP Severn TP Tay TP Tiny TP Wasaga Beach T Provincial Highway 1, , Other Areas Simcoe Total 6, ,444 5, , ,547 Stormont, Dundas & Glengarry Cornwall C North Dundas TP North Glengarry TP North Stormont TP South Dundas TP South Glengarry TP South Stormont TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Stormont, Dundas & Glengarry Total 1, , ,142

69 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Sudbury Chapleau TP Espanola T French River M Greater Sudbury C 1, , Markstay-Warren M Provincial Highway Other Areas Sudbury Total 2, , , ,113 Thunder Bay Greenstone M Manitouwadge TP Marathon T Neebing M Nipigon TP Oliver Paipoonge M Shuniah M Terrace Bay TP Thunder Bay C 1, , Provincial Highway Other Areas Thunder Bay Total 2, , ,731 Timiskaming Englehart T Kirkland Lake T Temiskaming Shores C Provincial Highway Other Areas Timiskaming Total , Place of Collision

70 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 68 Place of Collision Class of Collision Persons Total Personal Property Motor Vehicle Place of Collision Collisions Fatal Injury Damage Killed Injured Registrations* Toronto Toronto C 25, ,542 15, ,649 Provincial Highway 7, ,372 6, ,050 Other Areas Toronto Total 33, ,914 21, ,699 1,159,937 Waterloo Cambridge C 1, , Kitchener C 3, , ,018 North Dumfries TP Waterloo C 1, , Wellesley TP Wilmot TP Woolwich TP Provincial Highway 1, Other Areas Waterloo Total 8, ,008 6, , ,749 Wellington Centre Wellington TP Erin T Guelph C 1, Guelph/Eramosa TP Mapleton TP Minto T Puslinch TP Wellington North TP Provincial Highway Other Areas Wellington Total 3, , , ,821

71 Table 4.1: Place of Collision Class of Collision, Persons Killed, Injured and Motor Vehicle Registrations, 2011 (continued) 69 Place of Collision Place of Collision York Total Collisions Fatal Class of Collision Personal Injury Persons Property Damage Killed Injured Aurora T East Gwillimbury T Georgina T King TP Markham T 2, , ,198 Newmarket T Richmond Hill T 1, Vaughan C 3, ,117 1, ,503 Whitchurch Stouffville T Provincial Highway 1, , Other Areas Motor Vehicle Registrations* York Total 10, ,309 7, , ,684 * This number does not match the vehicle population in Table 5.5; it does not include 10,904 vehicles that are not associated with a county or region in Ontario. Legend: C = City T = Town TP = Township M = Municipality ST = Separated Town V = Village Other Areas: Includes jurisdictions with less than 1,500 population and/or experienced amalgamations/annexation, or name change after Table 4.1 is not comparable to previous years.

72 THE VEHICLE

73 5. THE VEHICLE This section examines vehicles involved in motor vehicle collisions in Ontario. In 2011, passenger vehicles made up 74 per cent of the vehicle population in Ontario; however, they also represented about 71 per cent of all vehicles involved in collisions. Only about 1 per cent of all motor vehicles involved in collisions had apparent mechanical defects. Figure 5 Vehicle Population by Vehicle Class in Ontario, Motorcycle, 2.5% The Vehicle Commercial, 14.6% Passenger, 74.1% Motorized Snow Vehicle, 3.4% Off-Road Vehicle, 4.2% Other, 1.2%

74 5A. VEHICLES IN COLLISIONS Table 5.1: Vehicles Involved in Collisions by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision 72 The Vehicle Type of Vehicle Fatal Personal Injury Property Damage Passenger Car , , ,168 Passenger Van 64 6,486 17,196 23,746 Motorcycle & Moped 42 1, ,570 Pick-up Truck 118 6,085 25,458 31,661 Delivery Van ,623 4,530 Tow Truck Truck 103 2,252 11,791 14,146 Bus ,816 3,760 School Vehicle ,046 1,227 Off-Road Vehicle Snowmobile Snow Plow Emergency Vehicle ,383 1,690 Farm Vehicle Construction Equipment Motor Home Railway Train Street Car Bicycle 21 2, ,230 Other Other Non-Motor Vehicle Unknown ,100 5,567 Total , , ,399 Total

75 Table 5.2: Condition of Vehicle by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Condition of Vehicle Fatal Personal Injury Property Damage No Apparent Defect , , ,104 Service Brakes Defective Steering Defective Tire Puncture or Blow Out Tire Tread Insufficient Headlamps Defective Other Lamps or Reflectors Defective Engine Controls Defective Wheels or Suspension Defective Vision Obscured Trailer Hitch Defective Other Defects ,265 2,673 Unknown 14 3,072 11,960 15,046 Total , , ,399 Total 73 The Vehicle Table 5.3: Model Year of Vehicle by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Model Year of Vehicle Fatal Injury Damage Total ,246 1, ,369 10,917 14, ,569 17,892 23, ,912 15,230 20, ,621 17,322 23, ,253 19,067 25, ,815 18,040 23, ,026 17,663 23, ,144 14,951 20, ,832 16,618 22, and earlier ,373 77, ,663 Unknown 41 4,399 9,972 14,412 Total , , ,399

76 Table 5.4: Insurance Status of Vehicle by Class of Collision, 2011 Class of Collision Personal Property Insurance Fatal Injury Damage Total Insured , , ,172 Not Insured ,490 Unknown 71 4,488 11,178 15,737 Total , , ,399 5B. PUTTING THE VEHICLE IN CONTEXT Table 5.5: Vehicle Population by Type of Vehicle, The Vehicle Vehicle Class Vehicle Population Passenger 6,605,791 Motorcycle 220,026 Moped 1,136 Commercial* 1,300,123 Bus 23,505 School Bus 9,528 Motorized Snow Vehicle 304,603 Off-Road Vehicle 374,784 Road Building Machinery 391 Permanent Apparatus 2,708 Farm Trucks 70,490 Total 8,913,085 * Excludes vehicles registered under the PRORATE-P program (62,274 vehicles)

77 Table 5.6: Selected Types of Vehicles by Model Year, 2011 Model Year 2002 and Vehicle Class earlier Total Passenger 128, , , , , , , , , ,877 2,281,380 6,605,791 Motorcycle 791 6,296 8,111 17,352 18,326 17,816 16,562 13,901 12,273 14,427 94, ,026 Moped ,136 Commercial* 16,340 99,754 98,336 72,291 92,271 97,823 89,308 85,720 82,374 86, ,413 1,373,712 Bus 798 2,098 2,462 3,001 2,257 2,092 2,965 2,260 2,717 2,027 10,356 33,033 Motorized Snow Vehicle 3,157 4,987 6,198 7,020 5,956 7,996 8,751 8,153 8,237 8, , ,603 Off-Road Vehicle 2,410 11,785 9,425 18,170 22,974 27,173 23,954 23,829 25,331 20, , ,784 Total 151, , , , , , , , , ,186 3,365,170 8,913,085 * Excludes vehicles registered under the PRORATE-P program (62,274vehicles) Vehicle Damage Table 5.7: Vehicle Damage Level by Class of Collision, 2011 None: No visible damage. Light: Slight or superficial damage. Includes scratches, small dents, minor cracks in glass that do not affect safety or performance of vehicle. Moderate: Unsafe conditions result from damage. Vehicle must be repaired to make its condition meet requirements of law. Vehicle can be driven off road or limited distance but doing so would be unsafe. Severe: Vehicle cannot be driven. Requires towing. Would normally be repaired. Demolished: Vehicle damaged to the extent that repairs would not be feasible. Class of Collision Personal Property Damage Fatal Injury Damage Total None 58 8,114 14,770 22,942 Light ,368 99, ,880 Moderate 98 21,951 75,509 97,558 Severe ,418 25,654 43,198 Demolished 407 8,680 5,695 14,782 Unknown 39 4,144 15,856 20,039 Total , , , The Vehicle

78 SPECI A L VEHICLE S

79 6. SPECIAL VEHICLES This section examines vehicles of special interest, including motorcycles, school buses, large trucks, snowmobiles, off-road vehicles and bicycles. The ministry is continuously monitoring the safety of special vehicle types as many fatalities and injuries result from collisions that occur off road and involve off-road vehicles and snowmobiles. Safety of some other vehicle types such as bicycles, motorcycles, school buses or large trucks is always in the centre of public scrutiny. 6A. MOTORCYCLES Table 6.1: Motorcyclists* Killed and Injured, Drivers Passengers Year Killed Injured Killed Injured , , , Special Vehicles , , , , , , , * Excludes hangers on, moped drivers and passengers.

80 Table 6.2: Selected Factors Relevant to Fatal Motorcycle Collisions, 2011 Factors (not mutually exclusive) % Unlicensed Motorcycle Drivers 7.5 Under 25 Years Old 15.0 Alcohol Used Ability Impaired Alcohol > Had Been Drinking 7.5 Unknown 0.0 Helmet Not Worn (Fatalities) 10.5 Motorcycle Driver Error Speed Too Fast/Lost Control 59.0 Other Error Single Vehicle Collisions 42.1 Day/Night 84/16 Weekend 39.5 Special Vehicles 6B. SCHOOL VEHICLES Table 6.3: Pupils Transported Daily, Total Number of School Vehicles Involved in Collisions School Years 2006/ /2011 Number of School School Year Pupils Transported Daily Vehicles in Collisions 2006/ ,326 1, / ,580 1, / ,888 1, / ,190 1, / ,102 1,154 Table 6.4: School Vehicle Type by Nature of Collision, School Year 2010/2011 Nature of Collision Total Pupil Non-Pupil Property Number of Five Year Total School Vehicle Type Fatal Injury Injury Damage Collisions (2006/ /2011) School Bus ,061 5,587 School Van Other School Vehicles Total ,154 5,997

81 Table 6.5: Pupil Injury by Collision Event and Vehicle Type, 2010/2011 (Number of Persons) Collision Event Five Year Total Within (2006/2007 School Vehicle Type Crossing Road School Vehicle Other Total 2010/2011) Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured Killed Injured School Bus School Van Other School Vehicles Total C. LARGE TRUCKS Table 6.6: Number of Persons Killed in Collisions Involving Large Trucks, Year Where Truck Driver Not Driving Properly Persons Killed in Truck Collisions % Where Truck Driver Not Driving Properly All Truck Collisions % of Total Deaths Total Special Vehicles Table 6.7: Number of Large Trucks in All Classes of Collisions, 2011 Class of Collision Truck Types Fatal Personal Injury Straight Truck Straight Truck & Trailer 5 72 Tractor Only Tractor & Semi-Trailer A-C Train Double 1 18 B Train Double 1 22 Other/Unknown Total Property Damage 5, ,973 3, ,213 Total 6, ,263 4, ,683

82 80 Table 6.8: Registered Trucks, 2011 Driver Licence Registered Required Trucks G 1,168,795 D 78,578 A* 188,613** Total 1,247,373 * Tractor/trailer combination only. ** Includes vehicles registered under the PRORATE-P program (62,274 vehicles). 6D. OFF-ROAD VEHICLES Table 6.9: Selected Factors Relevant to Fatal Large Truck Collisions, 2011 Factors in Fatal Collisions % Drivers Alcohol Involved 0 Driving Properly 70 Collisions Single Vehicle 26 Weather Condition Clear 78 Daylight 69 Vehicles Vehicle Defect Present* 2 * Excludes unknown category. Special Vehicles Table 6.10: Drivers of Off-Road Vehicles Killed and Injured by Collision Location*, Killed Injured Location On-Highway Off-Highway Total * Beginning with the 2004 ORSAR edition, the ORV statistics include casualties of all on-highway and off-highway collisions, and not only HTA reportable collisions. As a result, provided statistics are not comparable with the statistics provided in earlier editions of ORSAR. Table 6.11a: Passengers of Off-Road Vehicles Killed and Injured, by Collision Location*, Killed Injured Location On-Highway Off-Highway Total * Beginning with the 2004 ORSAR edition, the ORV statistics include casualties of all on-highway and off-highway collisions, and not only HTA reportable collisions. As a result, provided statistics are not comparable with the statistics provided in earlier editions of ORSAR.

83 Table 6.11b: Pedestrians Killed and Injured by Off-Road Vehicles, by Collision Location*, Killed Injured Location On-Highway Off-Highway Total * Beginning with the 2004 ORSAR edition, the ORV statistics include casualties of all on-highway and off-highway collisions, and not only HTA reportable collisions. As a result, provided statistics are not comparable with the statistics provided in earlier editions of ORSAR. Table 6.12: Registered Off-Road Vehicles, Year Vehicles Registered , , , , ,784 Table 6.13: Selected Factors Relevant to All Off-Road Vehicle Collisions, 2011 Factors % Drivers Under 25 Years of Age 36 Alcohol Used 26 Speeding 18 Helmet Not Worn 30 Daytime 75 Two-Wheeled 18 Three-Wheeled 6 Four-Wheeled Special Vehicles 6E. MOTORIZED SNOW VEHICLES Table 6.14: Drivers of Motorized Snow Vehicles* Killed and Injured by Collision Location Riding Seasons 2006/ /2011 Killed Injured Location 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 On-Highway Off-Highway Total * Beginning with the 2004 ORSAR edition, the MSV statistics include casualties of all on-highway and off-highway collisions, and not only HTA reportable collisions. As a result, provided statistics are not comparable with the statistics provided in earlier editions of ORSAR.

84 Table 6.15a: Passengers of Motorized Snow Vehicles* Killed and Injured by Collision Location Riding Seasons 2006/ /2011 Killed Injured Location 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 On-Highway Off-Highway Total * Beginning with the 2004 ORSAR edition, the MSV statistics include casualties of all on-highway and off-highway collisions, and not only HTA reportable collisions. As a result, provided statistics are not comparable with the statistics provided in earlier editions of ORSAR. Table 6.15b: Pedestrians Killed and Injured by Motorized Snow Vehicles* by Collision Location Riding Seasons 2006/ / Special Vehicles Killed Injured Location 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 On-Highway Off-Highway Total * Beginning with the 2004 ORSAR edition, the MSV statistics include casualties of all on-highway and off-highway collisions, and not only HTA reportable collisions. As a result, provided statistics are not comparable with the statistics provided in earlier editions of ORSAR. Table 6.16: Registered Motorized Snow Vehicles, Year Registered Motorized Snow Vehicles , , , , ,603 Table 6.17: Selected Factors Relevant to All Motorized Snow Vehicle Collisions, Riding Season 2010/2011 Factors % Unlicensed Operators 4 Rider Error; Speed too Fast 26 Alcohol Used 15 Surface Condition; Icy or Packed Snow 70

85 6F. BICYCLES Note: The following three tables consider bicycles involved in HTA reportable* collisions only. Table 6.18: Bicyclists* Killed and Injured, Drivers Passengers Year Killed Injured Killed Injured , , , , , * Includes hangers on Table 6.19: Age of Bicyclists Involved in Collisions by Light Condition, 2011 Age Groups Light Condition UK* Total Daylight ,923 2,558 Dawn Dusk Dark Other Unknown Total ,417 3, Special Vehicles * UK = Unknown Table 6.20: Selected Factors Relevant to All Bicycle Collisions, 2011 Factors % Driving Properly (Bicyclist) 47 Driving Properly (Motor Vehicle Driver) 46 Intersection Related 70 Going Ahead (Bicyclist) 85 Alcohol Related (Bicyclist) 3 No Apparent Vehicle Defect (Bicycle) 98 Clear Visibility 90 Weekend 18

86 CONVICTION, OFFENCE AND SUSPENSION DATA

87 7. CONVICTION, OFFENCE AND SUSPENSION DATA This section presents conviction, offence and suspension data related to motor vehicle use in Ontario. Convictions are summarized by legislation and conviction type. In 2011, nearly 90 per cent of motor vehicle convictions were related to Highway Traffic Act (HTA) offences and 1.2 per cent were related to the Criminal Code of Canada (e.g., drinking and driving, dangerous driving, fail to remain). In the last several years, the number of Administrative Drivers Licence Suspensions (ADLS) for drinking and driving has dropped from about 17,000 to around 16,000 occurrences annually. 85 Figure 7 Motor Vehicle Convictions in Ontario by Type, 2011 Others, 0.3% Out of Province Exchange (HTA) 1.9% Regulations under the HTA, 0.8% Motor Vehicle Collision Claim/ Compulsory Insurance Act, 6.8% Highway Traffic Act (HTA), 88.9% Conviction, Offence and Suspension Data Criminal Code of Canada, 1.2%

88 7A. CONVICTION DATA Table 7.1: Summary of Motor Vehicle Related Convictions, Conviction, Offence and Suspension Data Convictions* Number Highway Traffic Act (HTA) 1,283,089 Regulations under the HTA 11,087 Criminal Code of Canada** 17,997 Municipal By-Law*** 2 Motor Vehicle Collision Claim/Compulsory Insurance Act 97,800 Motorized Snow Vehicles Act 1,790 Off-Road Vehicles Act 1,613 Out of Province Exchange (HTA) 27,731 Others**** 1,635 Total 1,442,744 * Includes manually recorded convictions. ** This figure does not include 330 convictions for young offenders under the Criminal Code. *** In previous years a large portion of convictions under HTA Regulations were allocated to convictions under Municipal By-Law. **** Others may include Acts not listed above, such as Motor Vehicle Safety Act. Table 7.2: Motor Vehicle Convictions Related to the Highway Traffic Act, 2011 Convictions Number Equipment 22,646 Administrative* 201,766 Seat Belt (Driver & Passenger)** 34,006 Other Non-Pointable Convictions *** 160,930 Speeding 711,358 Other Pointable Convictions (2-4 pts) 125,749 Other Pointable Convictions (5-7 pts) 10,529 Driving While Suspended 16,105 Total 1,283,089 * Non-moving, weight, vehicle registration, licence renewal, etc. ** Failure to wear seat belt convictions registered against passengers over 16 are no longer included. *** Now includes some out-of-province convictions.

89 Table 7.3: Motor Vehicle Convictions Related to the Criminal Code, 2011* Convictions Number Alcohol Related** 13,915 Criminal Negligence 7 Fail to Remain at Collision 432 Fail to Stop for Police Officer 398 Driving While Disqualified 2,264 Dangerous Driving 981 Motor Manslaughter 0 Total 17,997 * Does not include 330 convictions for young offenders. ** Includes some out-of-province convictions. 7B. OFFENCE DATA Table 7.4: Number of Driver* Convictions for Criminal Code of Canada Offences**, Conviction Type Criminal Negligence Fail to Remain Dangerous Driving 1,107 1,165 1,124 1,281 1,353 1,303 1,316 1, Impaired Driving 8,200 7,357 6,678 6,575 6,640 6,836 7,045 6,869 6,540 5,710 Blood/Alcohol over.08 6,488 5,674 5,381 5,296 5,040 5,441 5,950 6,252 6,070 6,117 Fail to Provide Breath Sample 1,227 1,163 1,057 1,009 1,034 1,053 1,065 1,097 1, Driving While Disqualified 1,783 1,819 1,806 1,809 1,852 1,851 1,931 2,003 2,163 2,138 Motor Manslaughter Undefined Total 19,878 18,257 17,050 16,937 16,973 17,519 18,362 18,317 17,725 16,453 Conviction, Offence and Suspension Data *The same driver may be represented in this table more than once. ** Includes offences and registered convictions that occurred in the same year.

90 Table 7.5: Administrative Driver Licence Suspensions*, Monthly Suspensions Issued, Suspensions January 1,416 1,349 1,203 1,330 1,228 1,210 1,183 1,368 1,298 1,154 February 1,452 1,391 1,501 1,330 1,197 1,206 1,259 1,401 1,140 1,219 March 1,683 1,566 1,400 1,424 1,317 1,410 1,438 1,502 1,252 1,332 April 1,574 1,412 1,494 1,393 1,340 1,375 1,297 1,391 1,363 1,304 May 1,756 1,578 1,528 1,468 1,247 1,430 1,472 1,533 1,486 1,342 June 1,811 1,608 1,391 1,366 1,307 1,456 1,547 1,373 1,296 1,360 July 1,712 1,589 1,483 1,531 1,452 1,480 1,533 1,489 1,454 1,475 August 1,675 1,639 1,476 1,317 1,399 1,455 1,686 1,482 1,400 1,281 September 1,720 1,498 1,385 1,386 1,396 1,517 1,536 1,458 1,360 1,303 October 1,671 1,568 1,555 1,450 1,487 1,444 1,673 1,412 1,416 1, November 1,668 1,591 1,377 1,315 1,412 1,392 1,556 1,656 1,344 1,313 December 1,792 1,578 1,468 1,645 1,709 1,533 1,463 1,374 1,411 1,467 Total 19,930 18,367 17,261 16,955 16,491 16,908 17,643 17,439 16,220 15,904 Conviction, Offence and Suspension Data * See Appendix for a more detailed explanation of ADLS. 7C. SUSPENSION DATA Table 7.6: Demerit Point Suspensions by Driver Age, 2011 Driver Age Novice First Accumulation Novice Second Accumulation Demerit Point Suspensions Regular First Accumulation Regular Second Accumulation Total 1,

91 8. APPENDIX 8A. GLOSSARY Ability Impaired Alcohol: Driver had consumed a sufficient amount of alcohol to warrant being charged with a drinking and driving offence. Ability Impaired Alcohol over 0.08: Ability Impaired, Alcohol: Driver had consumed alcohol and upon testing was found to have a blood-alcohol level in excess of 80 milligrams per 100 millilitres of blood. Administrative Driver s Licence Suspension (ADLS): This program, designed to reduce drinking and driving, started November 29, Under this program, provincial law permits the immediate suspension of a driver s licence for 90 days upon evidence gathered by a police officer that the driver (a) was shown to have a concentration of alcohol in excess of 80 milligrams per 100 millilitres of blood or (b) the driver failed or refused to provide a breath or blood sample. Alcohol Involved: 89 This category includes drivers reported as Had Been Drinking, with BAC > 80 mg/100ml or with Ability Impaired by Alcohol. Class G1 Driver s Licence: Appendix A holder of a Class G1 driver s licence: n must have a zero blood alcohol concentration while driving; n must have an accompanying driver who is a fully licensed driver (Class A, B, C, D, E, F or G) with at least four years driving experience and has a blood alcohol concentration less than 0.05; n the accompanying driver must be the only passenger in the front seat with the G1 driver; n unless accompanied by a licensed driving instructor, must not drive on Ontario s 400- series highways or on high speed expressways such as the Queen Elizabeth Way, the Don Valley Parkway, E.C. Row Expressway and the Conestoga Parkway; n must ensure the number of passengers in the vehicle is limited to the number of working seat belts; n must not drive between the hours of midnight and 5 a.m.; n may drive a Class G vehicle only. The G1 licence period lasts at minimum 12 months. It can be reduced to eight months by successfully completing an approved driver education course. For information about approved courses, call ServiceOntario at At the end of the G1 licence period, drivers must pass a road test before proceeding to the G2 licence period.

92 Class G2 Driver s Licence: A holder of a Class G2 driver s licence: n n n n n must have a zero blood alcohol concentration while driving; is allowed to drive any motor vehicle that requires a Class G driver s licence on the road; must ensure the number of passengers in the vehicle is limited to the number of working seat belts; for the first six months, G2 drivers aged 19 and under cannot carry more than one passenger aged 19 and under between midnight and 5 a.m. after the first six months, G2 drivers aged 19 and under cannot carry more than three passengers aged 19 and under between midnight and 5 a.m.* The G2 licence period lasts at minimum 12 months. After completing, drivers are eligible to take a comprehensive test to qualify for full licence privileges. 90 Class M1 Motorcycle Driver s Licence: A holder of a Class M1 motorcycle driver s licence: Appendix n to operate motorcycle, limited-speed motorcycle (motor scooter) or motor- assisted bicycle (moped) for the purposes of training; n must have a zero blood alcohol content while driving; n is only allowed to drive during daylight hours (one-half hour before sunrise to one-half hour after sunset); n must not ride on highways with speed limits of more than 80 km/h except highways 11, 17, 61, 69, 71, 101, 102, 144, 655; n must not carry passengers. The M1 licence period lasts at least 60 days, and the licence is valid for 90 days. M1 drivers must pass the M1 road test before proceeding to the M2 licence period. Alternatively, during the M1 period, they may take an approved motorcycle or motor scooter safety course that includes a road test, instead of the ministry road test. Class M2 Motorcycle Driver s Licence: A holder of a Class M2 motorcycle driver s licence: n must have a zero blood alcohol concentration while driving. After completing the M2 licence period, drivers will be eligible to take a comprehensive test to qualify for full licence privileges. Drivers may take an approved M2 Exit motorcycle safety course that includes a road test, instead of the ministry road test. Class M2/M with L Condition: A Class M2 or M with L Condition is a motorcycle licence that restricts the licence holder to operating mopeds or limited-speed motorcycles.

93 Conviction: Registered when a person pleads guilty to, or is found guilty of, an offence related to a motor vehicle under any Act of the Ontario Legislature or its accompanying regulations, under the Parliament of Canada or any accompanying order, or under any municipal by-law. Driver: Unless specified otherwise, any person, whether licensed or not, considered to be in care and control of a vehicle at the time of a collision. Fatal Collision: A motor vehicle collision in which at least one person sustains bodily injuries resulting in death. Prior to January 1, 1982, fatal collision statistics included deaths attributed to injuries sustained in the collision, for up to one year after the collision. Since that date, only deaths occurring within 30 days of the collision have been included. Had Been Drinking: Driving after having consumed an amount of alcohol not considered sufficient to be legally impaired or with a measured blood alcohol count of greater than zero but less than 80 milligrams per 100 millilitres of blood. As of May 1, 2009, a blood alcohol concentration from 0.05 to 0.08 results in a 3, 7, or 30-day roadside driver s licence suspension for first, second, or third-time occurrences, respectively. Immediately prior to that date, a blood alcohol concentration from 0.05 to 0.08 resulted in a 12-hour suspension. 91 Appendix Hanger-on: Hangers-on are persons hanging onto a moving motor vehicle s fenders, bumpers, doors or other parts of the vehicle and not located inside; for example, someone riding in back of a pick-up is not a hanger-on. Highway: A common and public highway, street, avenue etc., any part of which is intended for public use or used by the general public for the passage of vehicles, and including the area between the property lines. Kilometres Travelled: Prior to 2000, vehicle fleet mileage was estimated on the basis of taxed gasoline and motor fuel sales. Starting in 2000, vehicle kilometres travelled are based on estimates provided by Statistics Canada and Transport Canada. Limited-Speed Motorcycle (Motor Scooter): A limited-speed motorcycle is also known as a motor scooter. Motor scooters can be either electric or gas powered with a step through design and have a maximum speed of 70 km/h. Most motor scooters have automatic transmissions, with a maximum engine displacement of 50 cubic centimeters.

94 Major Injury: A non-fatal injury severe enough to require that the injured person be admitted to hospital, even if for observation only. Minimal Injury: A non-fatal injury, including minor abrasions and bruises, which does not necessitate the injured person going to a hospital. Minor Injury: A non-fatal injury requiring medical treatment at a hospital emergency room, but not requiring hospitalization of the involved person. Motor-Assisted Bicycle (Moped): 92 A motor-assisted bicycle is also known as a moped. Mopeds have pedals that can be operated at all times. Mopeds can be either electric or piston powered and have a maximum speed of 50 km/h. Appendix Mopeds have a piston displacement of not more that 50 cubic centimetres. Motor Vehicle Collision: Any incident in which bodily injury or damage to property is sustained as a result of the movement of a motor vehicle, or of its load while a motor vehicle is in motion. Off-Highway Collisions: A collision that occurs off a public highway. It can include collisions located on or adjacent to trails and paths, on the surface of a frozen lake or river, or in a private parking lot. On-Highway Collisions: A motor vehicle collision which occurs on the highway between the property lines. Pedestrian: Any person not riding in or on a vehicle involved in a motor vehicle collision.

95 Personal Injury Collision: A motor vehicle collision in which at least one person involved sustains bodily injuries not resulting in death. Property Damage Collision: A motor vehicle collision in which no person sustains bodily injury, but in which there is damage to any public property or damage to private property** including damage to the motor vehicle or its load. Reportable Collision: Any collision involving injury or damage to private property in excess of a monetary value prescribed by regulation.** Self-Reporting of a Collision: Under the Highway Traffic Act [s.199 (1.1)], when one is in a collision in which there is only property damage (no injury or death, and, among other conditions, no criminal activities such as impaired driving) the involved person(s) may report the collision immediately by proceeding with one s vehicle to a Collision Reporting Centre. Self-Reporting of a collision was introduced on January 1, Suspension: 93 Appendix Withdrawal of a driver s privilege to operate a motor vehicle for a prescribed period of time. *These passenger restrictions do not apply if the G2 driver is accompanied by a full G licensed driver (with at least four years driving experience) in the front seat, or if the passengers are immediate family members. **The minimum reportable level for property damage only collisions rose from $200 to $400 on January 1, 1978 and rose again to $700 on January 1, As of January 1, 1998, the minimum reportable level for property damage only collision is $1,000.

96 8B. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Ministry of Transportation would like to acknowledge the following agencies and individuals for their assistance: Police Services Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services Office of the Chief Coroner 94 Ministry of the Attorney General Court Services Division Criminal/POA Policy and Programs Branch Management Information Office Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Health Solutions Delivery Branch Health Data Decision Support Unit Ministry of Education Appendix School Business Support Branch Transportation & Cooperative Services Photos: Cabinet Office Library

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98 Ministry of Transportation 1201 Wilson Avenue Building A, Main Floor, Room 212 Toronto, Ontario M3M 1J8