Wet Accident Reduction Program (WARP) in Virginia. Bipad Saha, P.E. Pavement Design Engineer
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1 Wet Accident Reduction Program (WARP) in Virginia Bipad Saha, P.E. Pavement Design Engineer
2 Presentation Outline Introduction to WARP Background WARP Outline 2008 WARP Results Historical Data and Results Conclusions and Recommendations 2
3 Wet Accident Reduction Program (WARP) The purpose of WARP is to improve the highway safety by identifying and correcting sections of roadway with high or potentially high wet skid accident incidence Program done in conjunction with State Police and Department of Motor Vehicles Test areas where high frequency of wet accidents were recorded compared to dry accident on Primary and Interstate (IS) route 3
4 Background of WARP The important elements of WARP are the testing procedure and the equipment, that developed over last 70 years In 1940 s, a mid sized sedan was used to record the distance required to stop upon panic braking on wet and dry pavements. In the late 1950 s, the Virginia Highway Transportation Research Council (VHTRC) and VDOT s Equipment Division built a new skid test trailer which measured pavement friction with a constant speed without interfering traffic In 1958, VHTRC recommended the formation of ASTM Committee E17 on skid resistance 4
5 Background of WARP, Contd. In the 1960 s, the committee developed E 274, a specification for building skid trailers In 1974, Materials Division purchased the first ASTM E274 Trailer Today, Materials Division owns two ASTM E 274 Skid Trailers and operates across the state of Virginia Skid testing is done with a smooth tire (SN40S) at a constant speed of 40 mph 5
6 WARP Outline In the early 1970 S, VHTRC developed the structured WARP and recommended the Materials Division to oversee the technical aspects Traffic Accident Data DMV/State Police Traffic Engineering Division / IT Identify Sites with high wet accident (PWAH) Perform Skid testing on PWAH Sites Identify Sites with SN <=20 Evaluate for Remedial Actions 6
7 Traffic Accident Data and WARP State Police/DMV provides the previous year accident data to Traffic Engineering Division Traffic Engineering division uploads the data into Highway Traffic Record Inventory System (HTRIS) Algorithm identifies Potential Wet Accident Hot Spots (PWAH) HTRIS provides district wise report with the PWAH sections 7
8 Selection of PWAH PWAH Sites are identified from the previous year traffic accident data by following these algorithms: 1) discard Snow and Ice Accident 2) the location must have at least 3 wet accidents, each separated by no more than 0.2 miles from its nearest neighbor 3) the PWAH site must have the value of (wet / (wet+ dry)), 20% greater than the value of (wet/ (wet +dry)) for all the roads in that area 8
9 Selection of PWAH, Contd. The WARP divides the state nine districts into 12 areas with the modification that the Richmond and Hampton Roads Districts are subdivided into urban and rural areas and the Bristol District into mountains and non-mountains areas. 9
10 Selection of PWAH, Contd. Area Number District or Areas Covered Counties of Wise, Dickenson, Buchanan, Russell and Tazewell 1 The remainder of the Bristol District 2 The entire Salem District 3 The entire Lynchburg District 14 Counties of Chesterfield, Hanover and Henrico, Cities of Richmond and Colonial Heights 4 The remainder of the Richmond District 15 Counties of Hampton, Norfolk, Virginia Beach, Portsmouth and Chesapeake 5 The remainder of the Hampton Road District 6 The entire of Fredericksburg District 7 The entire Culpeper District 8 The entire of Staunton District 9 The entire Northern Virginia District
11 Critical Value for Skid Number under WARP In 1940 s, it was found a stopping distance of greater than 133 feet is required from a panic stop on wet pavement, when travelling at a speed of 40 mph Stopping distance can be written in terms of pavement friction by the following equation u = v 2 /2s where u= coefficient of friction v=initial test speed s= stopping distance for a stopping distance of 133 feet at a speed of 40 mph, u calculated 0.4 SN40S of 21 correspond to a stopping distance of 133 feet and a friction coefficient of 0.4 In WARP a SN40S of 20 considered as critical value 11
12 Testing and Analysis Skid Testing done on PWAH sites Skid Data uploaded into HTRIS Report showing skid number for the tested sites generated from HTRIS Sites with skid number less or equal 20 flagged in the report District wise report is sent to the respective district Districts evaluate the flagged sites for further action, if necessary 12
13 Possible Remedial Actions The agency considers cautioning roadway users by installing appropriate warning signs (e.g. slippery when wet, reduced speed) AC pavements Micro surface treatment Slurry Seal and Chip Seal Resurfacing PCC pavements Diamond Grinding Sawcut grooving Patching 13
14 2008 Results District and Routewise Accident Data for No of Traffic Accident IS Wet acci IS Dry acci Primary Wet acci Primary Dry acci Total Ditrict 14
15 2008 Results, Contd PWAH Results No of PWAH Sites Bristol HR Staunton Culpeper Lynchburg Fred. Nova Richmond Salem IS Primary Total
16 2008 Results, Contd. In 2008, only two sites has been identified which had a Skid Number less or equal 20 To evaluate the seasonal effects on skid number, we analyzed our calibration data for the year 2009 and 2010, and did not find any significant statistical difference between the skid number for various seasons. We also retested few PWAH sites in Richmond, Hampton Road and Northern Virginia district at different times and did not observe any significant variation of Skid numbers. 16
17 Historical Trend of Traffic Accident Toatal Accident (Wet+Dry) Wet acci Dry acci Total acci
18 Historical Trend of PWAH Historical PWAH Results 700 IS Route PWAH Sites Primary Route PWAH Sites Total PWAH Sites No of PWAH Sites Year 18
19 Historical Trend of Low Skid Sites 60 Sites with SN<=20 No of Sites with SN <= IS Primary Total
20 Results of Traffic Accident Data Percent Decrease of Traffic Accident Between Percent Decrease Wet acident Dry Accident Total Accident 20
21 Conclusions and Recommendations Total number of Potential Wet Accident Hotspot sites has reduced almost 26% between 2002 and The number of wet accident reduced by higher rate compared to dry and total accident The low skid number sites (skid number less than or equal 20) has also reduced dramatically over the years. WARP is expected to help the safety of the public traveling on Virginia roadway. WARP Program should be continued for an ongoing assessment of Virginia roads that may be at risk for having wet accidents so the corrective measures could be performed at the sections found at risks. 21
22 22 Questions?
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