SIMPLE MACHINES and MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE: Inclined plane, Lever, Wedge, Screw, Wheel and Axle

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1 SIMPLE MACHINES and MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE: Inclined plane, Lever, Wedge, Screw, Wheel and Axle

2 Lever A bar free to pivot, or rotate about a fixed point (fulcrum) Inclined Plane A flat, slanted surface Wheel and axle Circular lever (axle is fulcrum) Pulley A wheel revolving freely around an axle Wedge Portable/moving inclined plane Gear Toothed wheel that fit into one another Screw Twisted inclined plane

3 TYPES OF WORK A.INPUT work that goes into the machine needs effort force (Effort)

4 B. OUTPUT Work done by the machine Resistance Force (Load)

5 Mechanical Advantage Number of times a machine multiplies the effort force M. A. = LOAD EFFORT

6 Table showing effect of a change in incline on Force Height of Ramp (in cm) 45 CM Load (weight of car in N) 4.5N Incline/ distance in m Force of Car F/N M. A. = Load Effort Summary: As incline decreases (more distance), force decreases = High Mechanical Advantage As incline increases (less distance), force increases = Low Mechanical Advantage An inclined plane decreases the effort force but increases the distance over which the force is exerted.

7 Credits: It is important to remember that machines do not save or lessen the amount of work; they only change the size, distance or direction of a force you have to exert.

8 Type I.M.A.= Length/ Thickness Amount of Weights (g) A 3.3 1,000 B C 2 1,100 A wedge the effort force but the distance over which the force is exerted.

9 Type I.M.A.= Length/ Thickness Amount of Weights (g) A 3.3 1,000 B C 2 1,100 A wedge decreases the effort force but increases the distance over which the force is exerted. The longer the wedge (more distance), the lesser the effort force= High Mechanical Advantage. The shorter the wedge (less distance), the greater the effort force= Low Mechanical Advantage.

10 It is important to remember that machines do not save or lessen the amount of work; they only change the size, distance or direction of a force you have to exert.

11 Table showing effect of change distance of effort arm on Force and Distance Load (weight in N) 10N Resistance Arm 0.2 m Distance in m (Effort Arm) Effort Force (N) Actual M.A. = Load Effort Ideal M.A. = Effort Arm Resistance Arm The longer the arm, the the effort force. The the effort arm, the the effort force. A lever the effort force but the distance over which the force is exerted.

12 Table showing effect of change distance of effort arm on Force and Distance Load (weight in N) 10N Resistance Arm 0.2 m Distance in m (Effort Arm) Effort Force (N) Actual M.A. = Load Effort Ideal M.A. = Effort Arm Resistance Arm The longer the effort arm, the lesser the effort force. The shorter the effort arm, the higher the effort force. A lever decreases the effort force but increases the distance over which the force is exerted.

13 Image credit: It is important to remember that machines do not save or lessen the amount of work; they only change the size, distance or direction of a force you have to exert.

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15 Table showing effect of change in thread density on Force and Distance Thread Density Force (N) Distance in m Radius in cm As thread density increases, the force and the distance. A screw makes the work easier by the force but increases the over which the force is exerted.

16 Image credit: com/technology/mechanical/machines/screw Image credit: It is important to remember that machines do not save or lessen the amount of work; they only change the size, distance or direction of a force you have to exert.

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18 Table showing effect of change in radius of the wheel on Force and Distance Radius of wheel in cm Force (N) Distance in m Thread Density Mechanical Advantage As radius of wheel increases, the force and the distance. A wheel makes the work easier by the force but increases the over which the force is exerted.

19 Image credit: It is important to remember that machines do not save or lessen the amount of work; they only change the size, distance or direction of a force you have to exert.

20 Mechanical Advantage of a Wheel & Axle The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the ratio of the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle. The radius is equal to 1/2 the diameter of a circle. org/science/phy_science/ma. html The radius of the wheel is six times larger than the radius of the axle. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is 6:1 or 6.

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