Yamaha s dirt bike on snow is light, agile on the trail

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1 by olav aaen Radical Fun Radilicious If it weren t for all the snow we d think we were on a dirt bike with a compact engine tucked under us. This tightly built Genesis engine helps deliver a lot of pop to Yamaha s new Phazer. Yamaha s dirt bike on snow is light, agile on the trail When Yamaha sprung the radical Phazer on the snowmobile world in 1984, it catapulted the company to No. 1 in the industry. Now, 22 years later, a new, and just as radical, Phazer may do the trick again. Yamaha has made strong advances in the marketplace with its innovative 4-stroke sleds, proving there is a place for well-designed, exciting 4-strokes. Exciting is the key word, as others have introduced 4-strokes, but most have been met with yawns and sometimes disbelief in their less than stellar performance parameters. The entry Naturally Yamaha s first aim was the top of the food chain with a 140+ horsepower 4-stroke RX-1, followed by a 3-cylinder Vector in the 120-hp class. Vector immediately found converts among the touring crowd. Next came last year s quick-revving and powerful 150-hp Apex. A few naysayers still claim weight is a problem while others feel high-tech performance sleds are too expensive, whether 2- or 4-stroke. Currently 52 AMERICAN SNOWMOBILER amsnow.com

2 I had a riot on the new Phazer, which hits the target the original Phazer was famous for. there s a great need for fun lightweight sleds at a price that the younger crowd can afford. This is where Yamaha hit the jackpot in 1984 with its first Phazer, and they hope to repeat that trick again with the new model. Back in time The original Phazer was light, quick and easy to throw around in the twisties. It lived below that magic weight limit where you could throw the machine like a dirt bike, rather than hanging onto a heavier machine that dragged you around. That first Phazer had a 488-twin fan engine producing 56 hp. Today 56 horses is considered lame, but remember that the top 1980s models seldom produced more than 100 horses. Phazer s fan engine also was throttled back by a restrictive exhaust system that qualified it to race in the 56-hp controlled class that was popular on the oval and emerging snocross circuits at the time. The light, agile Phazer quickly scored big wins at the hands of drivers such as Tim Bender, Bobby Donahue and Jim Wergin. When the aftermarket guys got their hands on the engine, the first thing to go was the restrictive exhaust. A good aftermarket pipe could add another 15 hp right away, resulting in a light 70-hp rocket that could challenge even the bigger machines, and nothing could keep up with it in the twisties. Crank it The Phazer engine uses a strong lightweight crank that s dynamically well balanced with a 180-degree crank with heavily pork-chopped webs. The main bearings and rod bearings are auto style, riding on an oil film that permits high revs for long periods, plus the drive gear is supported on the outside by a roller bearing. The overhead cams are driven by chain from the smaller gear next to the drive gear. A second chain on the opposite side drives the oil pump and water pump. Compact Yamaha s compact crankcase keeps the pistons close together, allowing a short crank and a strong casting that also incorporates rubber mounting bosses. October

3 Feeding the beast Each cylinder is fed fresh mixtures through three inlet valves from large fuel injection bodies. This proven design also is found in the 4-cylinder Apex, but Phazer s engine stretches the power peak another 500 rpm to a record 11,250 rpm. The new sibling A light agile trail-twisting machine is what Yamaha s new 4-stroke Phazer is meant to be. After testing a new Phazer on a tight trail, it was obvious Yamaha had hit its target. The wide front end, long-travel suspension, high rider-forward position, responsive laid back engine and great braking, brought back memories of the earlier Phazer. You can throw this machine around like a dirt bike, stop on a dime and square off corners without a super human effort. You Racy pistons Phazer s short, lightweight pistons could have come directly from a Formula 1 race car engine (Yamaha also makes F1 engines). A generously sized main rod bearing rides on a high-pressure oil film permitting high engine revs for sustained long lake runs. can go for a spirited drive, knowing you can respond quickly to what s coming around the next bend with plenty of margin. A ton of innovative weight-saving ideas are incorporated in the new Phazer, without sacrificing important handling qualities too. The wide front A-arm suspension is the latest technology, as is the long-travel rear suspension, but everything in-between is radical in its execution. There s no pan, no hood, a chain case as part of the die-cast chassis, only one big front tunnel cooler complimented by a smaller radiator and an extremely compact 500cc engine. PHAZER 500 DYNO RUN POWER TAKEN AT THE CLUTCH OUTPUT SHAFT Output Shaft rpm 50/35 Reduction Torque ft.-lbs. The engine layout follows the now familiar tilted back Yamaha design with intake and air-box in the front and exhaust exiting under the seat. It could easily be viewed as half of an Apex engine. Yet Yamaha describes Phazer s engine as a twin version of its successful 250cc motocross engine, with a five valve, double overhead camshaft head and electronic fuel injection. The three inlet valves make sure the cylinders get enough air at an industry record 11,250 rpm. The 1.43 gear reduction ratio means the clutch spins at 7,900 rpm when the engine is at peak power. American Snowmobiler was one of the first magazines to have a Phazer hp Crankshaft rpm , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,571 Max power at the output shaft is very consistent at 80 hp from 7,500 to 8,000 rpm. Maximum torque of 62.2 ft.-lbs. at 6,100 rpm at the output shaft gets you strong acceleration out of corners. 54 AMERICAN SNOWMOBILER amsnow.com

4 pilot production machine on our independent shop dyno. We saw 80.8 hp on the output shaft at an engine speed of 11,000 rpm, but the most impressive feature was 78.8 hp at 11,500 rpm, while the engine still pulled 78 hp at 10,100 rpm. Max torque was held all the way down to 8,700 engine rpm, which means 62.2 ft.-lbs. at 6,100 rpm at the output shaft. This is a wide power peak that accelerates hard out of corners. Quick response in the turns is the result, and I had no problem hitting the mid-80 s on the straights. Skeptics have questioned top speed potential based on some early test models. The question was answered with precision when Jeff Simon of Simon s CPR and his driver Tim Steinke put a Phazer on the asphalt this spring, and quickly turned a 91 mph, 13.4 sec. quarter mile time. So if you need that type of power and speed, well, it s there! The power-maker Phazer s engine is put together like a superbike race motor. The 180- degree crank is a lightweight design with balance counter weights minimized for quick response. On the power output side the reduction gear is supported on the outside by a roller bearing, and the rubber dampened clutch shaft is heavily supported on both ends. The balance shaft is driven by the crank gear on the same side, and the chain to the camshafts are placed on the output side. On the opposite end of the crankshaft, a chain drives the oil and water pumps, both placed low in the pan for better pickup. Oil is circulated through a liquid-cooled exchanger and cooled by water returning from the engine. The block is extremely compact and the cylinders are as close together as possible. As a result a big increase in displacement by boring out the cylinders seems improbable, although it is possible a longer stroke could be added to boost power. Performance can be deceiving when 2006 ISR World Series Grass Drags RETRAX is a permanently mounted retractable wheel system for snowmobiles. No more... pushing, pulling, or yanking sleds into and out of trailers! It is easily retrofitted to the skis of most snowmobiles. The RETRAX system will also save components of your sled carbides, tracks, belts, and skis. Visit our website to see our video and to place an order. *RETRAX is made for speeds not to exceed 5 mph. OCTOBER 13 th 14 th & 15 th THUNDERSTRUCK 5 COLD SMOKE 9 RATH 2 ROOPS OF HAZARD 8 Call for FREE Catalog: or visit us at: impactvideo.com We Accept: Dealer Inquiries Welcome 75 Argonaut, Suite B Aliso Viejo, CA FAX October

5 Powerplant The compact Phazer engine is shown here from the front. Rubber engine mounts are part of the block and placed to intersect with the engine s center of gravity to reduce vibration and prevent twisting under load. The round canister in the crankcase s center is the oil-cooler, where the oil is watercooled. Inside stuff This cutaway shows the compact drive system. Power to the drive clutch is through a 50/35 rubber dampened reduction gear. So the clutch spins at 7,900 rpm while the crankshaft produces power at 11,250 rpm. A small balance shaft is placed high in the engine s rear, while the chain to the double overhead shaft is driven from the power side. you first ride the Phazer, due to its degree firing order. Rather than firing at 360-degree intervals, by letting both pistons rise together, and relying on a large balance shaft to even out the resulting imbalance, the Phazer has a 180-degree crank. By having one piston move up while the other moves down, and by spacing them as close together as possible, primary imbalances cancel each other out, and you can then have a very light balance shaft take care of the small left-over rocking couple. The big difference is a gap in the firing order. The second cylinder fires only 180-degrees after the first, just like a 2-stroke twin, but then there is a revolution and a half (540-degrees) when the cylinders are busy filling up with fresh gases. The resulting feeling is that of a large single cylinder 4- stroke with a long power stroke, and it s hard to imagine that the crank is actually turning at 11,000 rpm. Combine this with the flat power curve and you have a completely new kind of 4-stroke power delivery experience, feeling somewhat like a V-Twin bike. The power tends to deceive you at top speed until you glance at the speedo. On the other hand the torque and response in the twisties is awesome, and the result is a fun machine that I think will find an enthusiastic following. I had a riot on the new Phazer, which hits the target the original Phazer was famous for. I hope it will change the way the industry thinks. We need light, fun and affordable machines to get more drivers back on the snow. Olav Aaen is a long-time contributor to the snowmobile industry. As a mechanical engineer and president of Aaen Performance, Olav has been heavily involved with snowmobile performance since Aaen Performance is best known for pioneering performance pipes and introducing the roller clutch to the snowmobile market. 56 AMERICAN SNOWMOBILER amsnow.com

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