Intermediate Report on Rolling Resistance

Transcription

1 PoroElastic Road SUrface: an innovation to Avoid Damages to the Environment EUROPEAN COMMISSION - DG RESEARCH Directorate 1 - Environment Seventh Framework Programme - Contract No Intermediate Report on Rolling Resistance Jerzy Ejsmont, Beata Świeczko-Żurek, Grzegorz Ronowski, Stanisław Taryma Document type and No. Deliverable D.6.2 Work Package WP 6 Author(s) Jerzy Ejsmont, Beata Świeczko-Żurek, Grzegorz Ronowski, Stanisław Taryma Authors' affiliations (acronyms) Technical University of Gdańsk (TUG), Contact data for main author jejsmont@pg.gda.pl Document status and date Draft Dissemination level Public File Name PERSUADE-TUG-D62-V02-WP

2 Foreword, acknowledgements and disclaimer The PERSUADE project aims at developing the experimental concept of poroelastic road surfacing (PERS) into a feasible noise-abatement measure as an alternative to, for example, noise barriers. It is expected that PERS may provide substantially higher noise reductions than the best of conventional paving materials. The specific feature of this new type of road surfacing is that it includes a substantial proportion of rubber granules from recycled car tyres bound with a synthetic resin, such as polyurethane. PERSUADE is the acronym for PoroElastic Road SUrface: an innovation to Avoid Damage to the Environment. The project programme comprises an extensive investigation in the laboratory to develop a durable mixture, the construction of seven test sections in five partner countries, a monitoring effort for the test sections (noise, rolling resistance, skid resistance, durability, winter behaviour, etc.), and a study of all conceivable environmental and economic aspects. The project has been scheduled for a duration of six years. Twelve partners from seven European countries are cooperating in this project, including research institutes, universities and companies representing the involved industry sectors: Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC), Project coordinator Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) Danish Road Directorate (DRD) NCC Roads AS (NCC) Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG) Polish Road and Bridge Research Institute (IBDiM) Technical University of Gdansk (TUG) Dura Vermeer Infrastructuur NV (DVI) European Tyre Recyclers Association (ETRA) HET Elastomertechnik GmbH ( HET) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULeuven) The French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development and Networks (IFSTTAR) EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK, RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

3 See also the PERSUADE website at This report has been produced within Work Package WP 6 of the project, which deals with "Environmental Impacts and is led by the Technical University of Gdansk (TUG). Only the authors are responsible for the contents of this document. The report has been reviewed by Luc Goubert from the Belgian Road Research Institute (BRRC). This work is financed by the European Commission as well as by all involved partners. The authors are grateful for the financial support for the major part of this project from the European Commission though its 7 th Framework Programme. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK, RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY IV 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 RESULTS OF LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS 4 3 RESULTS OF THE ROAD MEASUREMENTS 6 4 CONCLUSIONS 7 EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK, RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

5 SUMMARY Work Package 6 deals with environmental impacts of PERS use, including rolling resistance that is an important factor in vehicles fuel consumption as well as emission of CO 2 and toxic gases like (NOx, CO). This report covers preliminary rolling resistance tests performed in laboratory and on the road. The results indicate that PERS material may reduce rolling resistance in comparison to road surfaces used as references.. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK, RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

6 1 INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the results of early measurements of rolling resistance performed at the laboratory of TUG and on the road. Due to considerable delay in construction of test sections the rolling resistance measurements were made later than predicted in description of work (DOW). All reported tests were done by TUG. In laboratory experiments PERS material manufactured by HET 1 was placed on the test drum of 1.7m and several tyres were tested both on PERS-HET and on replica of rough surface dressing - see Fig. 1. Figure 1 PERS-HET (on the left) and replica of rough surface dressing APS-4 (on the right) placed on the drum 1.7 m diameter used for rolling resistance and tyre/road noise measurements at TUG. 1 Precise formula is restricted information and is described as Mix n 41 in the PERSUADE deliverable D.1.3 Third periodic report (restricted document) EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK,RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

7 Road measurements were carried out with R 2 test trailer on PERS sections at Kalvehave in Denmark and at Linköping in Sweden. The PERS type applied in situ on the first full scale Danish test section in Kalvehave (Fig. 2) is designated as PERS-Dk 2, while Swedish test section (Fig. 3) as PERS-Se. At Denish section the PERS surface was laid on whole width of one lane. Swedish section was manufactured with prefabricated slabs of PERS material identical as PERS-HETIt was applied as a 1 m wide strip in the right hand wheel track. On the PERS-Dk, it was possible to perform tests at speed of 80 km/h, while on the PERS-Se, due to location of the test section, one only measured at 50 km/h. The test trailer R 2 used for road measurements on PERS surfaces is shown in Fig. 4. Figure 2 PERS-Dk, 75 m long section located on the main road between Kalvehave and Gl Kalvehave in Denmark. 2 Precise formula is restricted information and is described as Mix n 32 in the PERSUADE deliverable D.1.3 Third periodic report (restricted document). The mix is also called the Arnakke mix, as it was first tried on a small test section near that Danish village. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK,RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

8 Figure 3 The 25 m long section located on the Landbogatan in Linkoping, Sweden, made of prefabricated PERS-Se panels. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK,RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

9 Figure 4 Test trailer R2 during rolling resistance measurements on the PERS-Se section in Linköping, Sweden. 2 RESULTS OF LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS During drum measurements 16 different tyres typical for modern, medium size cars were tested on two surfaces a replica of very rough surface dressing, designated as APS-4 and a poroelastic road surface, PERS-HET. Tests were performed according to ISO standard. Tyres were loaded to 80% of their maximum load and inflated 210 kpa (cold). Tests were performed at 30, 50, 80 and 100 km/h. Set of tested tyres included three tyres considered to be "informal reference tyres", that is tyre Michelin PRIMACY HP 225/60R16, Uniroyal TIGER PAW (SRTT) P225/60R16 and Avon SUPERVAN AV4 195R14C. Results of all measurements are presented in Table 1. In Fig. 5 Coefficients of Rolling Resistance (CRR) are compared for PERS-HET and APS-4 road surfaces at 80 km/h. Results show that the rolling resistance on PERS-HET is typically 25% lower than on APS-4. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK,RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

10 Tab. 1 Coefficients of Rolling Resistance tested on the 1.7m drum facility TYRE PERS-HET APS4 MANUFACTURER MODEL SIZE MICHELIN PRIMACY HP 225/60R16 98V UNIROYAL TIGER PAW P225/60R16 97S M+S AVON SUPERVAN AV4 195R14C 106/104N CONTINENTAL CONTIECOCONTACT 5 195/60R15 88H VREDESTEIN QUATRAC 3 195/60R15 88V M+S WANLI S /60R15 88H M+S YOKOHAMA Wdrive 195/50R15 88T M+S WREDENSTEIN WINTRAC NEXTREME 205/55R16 94V M+S MICHELIN PRIMACY HP 225/60R16 98V VREDESTEIN SLICK 235/45R17 94W AVON ZV5 195/65R15 91V GOODYEAR EFFICIENT GRIP PERFORMANCE 195/65R15 91H BRIDGESTONE ECOPIA EP001S 195/65R15 91H MICHELIN ENERGY SAVER X GREEN 215/55R17 94H DUNLOP SPORT BLURESPONSE 195/65R15 91H MICHELIN ENERGY SAVER + Extra Load X GREEN 195/65R15 95T , km/h 0,015 0,014 CRR on APS-4 [-] 0,013 0,012 0,011 0,010 0,009 0,008 0,007 0,006 0,006 0,007 0,008 0,009 0,010 0,011 0,012 0,013 0,014 0,015 0,016 CRR on PERS-HET [-] Figure 5 Relation between rolling resistance on PERS-HET and replica of rough surface dressing APS-4 at 80 km/h. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK,RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

11 3 RESULTS OF THE ROAD MEASUREMENTS TUG tested rolling resistance on the first two test road sections in Denmark and Sweden. Original asphalt concrete surfaces used on the road nearby the test sections were used as reference surfaces. Tests were performed on dry road surfaces with load of 4000 N and inflation pressure 210 kpa (regulated). The results are summarized in Table 2 and presented in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. Tab. 2 Coefficients of Rolling Resistance tested by the R2 trailer on the road tests sections PERS-Dk and PERS-Se. Tyre Avon AV4 (AAV4) Michelin Primacy HP (MCPR) SRTT Wanli S-1200 (T1066) Continental BLUECO (T1076) Speed [km/h] PERS-Dk Ref-Dk PERS-Se Ref-Se Figure 6 Coefficient of Rolling Resistance measured on the test section PERS-Dk. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK,RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP

12 0,025 0,020 PERS-Se Ref. surface CRR [-] 0,015 0,010 0,005 0,000 AAV4 MCPR SRTT T1066 T1076 Tyre Fig. 7 Coefficient of Rolling Resistance measured on the test section PERS-Se. In the case of the Danish test section rolling resistance on the poroelastic surface was up to 9% higher than on the reference road surface. In the case of the Swedish section rolling resistance on PERS-HET was considerably lower (up to 25%) than on the reference surface. The results indicate that PERS-Se exhibits less rolling resistance than PERS-Dk. 4 CONCLUSIONS Results obtained during laboratory and road measurements indicate that poroelastic road surfaces, especially PERS-HET demonstrate considerably lower (up to 25%) rolling resistance than typical dense asphalt concrete surfaces. It is planned to perform more laboratory tests of PERS-HET using TUG's roadwheel facility with drum of 2.0 m diameter. Tests will cover both passenger car tyres and truck tyres. EJSMONT, SWIECZKO-ZUREK,RONOWSKI,TARYMA PERSUADE-TUG-V02-D62-WP