MVA Lectures of Excellence

Transcription

1 MVA Lectures of Excellence Development of Car Parking Policy Author: Terry Bowker 30 October 2010 MVA Lectures of Excellence Development of Car Parking Policy (Terry Bowker, 30 Oct 2010)

2 DEVELOPMENT OF CAR PARKING POLICY Page 1

3 - Identify overall public on-street and off-street parking requirements (short, medium and long term); - Determine number of spaces to be provided; - Identify streets on which parking can take place; - Determine pricing policy (short stay, long stay); - Effectively manage and co-ordinate the on and off-street public car parking stock including the supply of spaces, charging/revenue collection, maintenance and enforcement; - Identify parking requirements to support development initiatives (residential offices, retail etc); Parking Policy MUST be set within the context of overall transport policy for the city. Page 2

4 PARKING PROBLEMS Insufficient off-street spaces; leading to Too much on-street parking illegal double parking; Traffic flow impeded/obstructed with illegal parking; Drivers having to drive around looking for car parking space more traffic on congested road system; Too many taxis parking legally/illegally; Streets blocked for emergency vehicles. Page 3

5 CAUSES OF PARKING PROBLEMS Car Parking charges too low; Insufficient off-street car parking provided for both commercial and residential needs; Taxi Operation - too many taxis laying-over on street often in car parking spaces or illegally; Enforcement of existing restrictions not effective; because. Corporation has no real powers to enforce parking restrictions; Police have responsibility but also very busy with other issues. Page 4

6 PARKING CHARGES Extremely low by international standards at 5 rupees per hour; - typical on-street city centre car parking charge in secondary city in England is some 80 rupees per hour, some 16 times higher than Mumbai; (note: in centre of London they are 80 times higher than Mumbai) Page 5

7 CITY Typical Average Hourly Charge Typical Daily Charge (say 10 hours) Mumbai 5 55 Sheffield (UK) London (limited to max 2 hours stay) Dublin (limited to max 2 hour stay) New York Seattle Paris (limited to max 2 hours stay) Vienna (limited to max 1 hour stay) Perth Singapore Hong Kong Bangkok Page 6

8 SHEFFIELD MUMBAI On-street 30 mins 40 1 hr hr ( 10 times ) Off-street 30 mins 50 1 hr hr hr ( 15 times ) 4 hr hr (max. stay) 6 hr ( 17 times ) some all day car parks for workers but on edge of city centre - Typically 500 INR (all day) 50 ( 10 times ) Page 7

9 MUMBAI - Cost of land very expensive. Value of land for developments is very high (tens of thousands Rupees per sq metre) because of lack of available development land; WHILST Value of road space for parking car (on road) is valued at a few rupees (parking charges) YET lack of road space DOES NOT MAKE ECONOMIC SENSE Page 8

10 ABILITY TO PAY INCREASED PARKING CHARGES Price of typical cars are approximately the same in UK and India; Cost of housing for car owning families is similar to secondary city in UK but much lower than London; Cost of fuel in UK is approx. 85 rupees/litre cost in Mumbai 50 rupees/litre; DEDUCE Motorist in Mumbai have financial ability to pay substantially more for parking even though they would be unwilling to do so! Page 9

11 Charge more for on-street parking than off-street parking; On-street- have maximum length of stay 1-2 hours in areas of city centre where demand is highest (main business areas); and Charge higher premium parking charges for these premium spaces (economic pricing); Outside premium areas allow longer stay (say 4 hours to all day); and Lower parking charges in these areas than for premium spaces; On-Street Residential car parking spaces allocated to and paid for by residents charge to be levied annually (typically UK city approx INR per space per annum). Page 10

12 INSUFFICIENT OFF-STREET PARKING Affects both Commercial and Residential areas; REASONS Development Control Standards too low re Provision of Car Parking spaces RESULTS Combined with very low parking charges - Corporation effectively Subsidizing Car Parking Provision in these areas (e.g. 5* hotels being subsidized) Disputes between residents and other people parking in their on-street parking place Page 11

13 TOO MANY TAXIS PARKING ON-STREET Too many parking at legal taxi ranks often double parking Too many parking in illegal areas RESULT Corporation Effectively Subsidizing Taxi Operations: BUT that might be seen by some as a good policy. Page 12

14 To free streets from obstructive parking while permitting access to premises for essential purposes (not least emergency vehicles) and for residents; To make the most effective use of available parking spaces and to plan for a future prescribed level of parking; Perhaps - To discourage long-term commuting private vehicles through an appropriate charging/supply policy; OVERALL TRANSPORT PLAN To preserve and/or enhance the amenity of sensitive areas. Page 13

15 No real powers to increase parking charges even in line with inflation No real powers to enforce collection of parking charges no fines system Current fines INR although if towed away then add 200 INR (Fines set in 1956) RESULT Too many cars chasing too few spaces parking charges too cheap (move towards economic pricing) Enforcement is difficult - motorists know they can mostly get away with it - even more difficult with chauffeur driven cars Page 14

16 Draw up Car Parking Policy - short term, medium/long term - set within the framework of comprehensive transport plan for Mumbai COMPONENTS: Provide more Off-street parking spaces in action Increase Car Parking charges (ensure On-street should be more than Off-street) Remove (or restrict) parking from Arterial roads Identify car parking charge structure Introduce MMPA to control all parking (incl. regulations/charges and new powers of Enforcement) Parking restrictions to be more widely enforced (Police to be given more investment to enforce) Review Development Control Standards for Car parking (every 5 to 10 years) Page 15

17 Recently introduced - DC 33 (24) DEVELOPERS GET 50% INCENTIVE FSI IF THEY CONSTRUCT BMC PARKING LOTS ON THEIR PROPERTY OBJECTIVE - TO REDUCE ON-STREET PARKING Substantial increase in off-street spaces particularly on Island City; Each development proposal identifies current local neighborhood needs; BUT No real objective policy framework as to how many (total) spaces be provided citywide. Page 16

18 D C RULES Sr. No. Occupancy Type Previous Provision Updated Provision One Parking Space for Every:- One Parking Space for Every:- 1 Residential a.tenement with a carpet area up to 45 sq.m b. area exceeding 45 sq.m but not exceeding 100 sq.m a.tenement with a carpet area up to 22.5 sq.m b.area exceeding 22.5 sq.m but not exceeding 45 sq.m 2 Five, Four and Three star hotels One Parking Space for every 60 sq.m of total floor area. One Parking Space for every 60 sq.m of total floor area. 3 Educational One parking space for 70 sq.m carpet area of the administrative office area and public service area. One parking space for 35 sq.m carpet area of the administrative office area and public service area. Page 17

19 D C RULES (cont.) Sr. No. Occupancy Type Previous Provision Updated Provision a. One parking space for 25 seats/persons. a. One parking space for 12 seats/persons. 4 Assembly and Assembly Halls or Auditorium b. Without fixed seats, one parking space for every 30 sq.m of floor area. b. Without fixed seats, one parking space for every 15 sq.m of floor area. 5 Government or Semi-public or private office business buildings One Parking space for every 75 sq.m of office space up to 1500 sq.m and for every 150 sq.m of additional space for areas exceeding 1500 sq.m in other areas. One Parking space for every 37.5 sq.m of office space up to 1500 sq.m and for every 75 sq.m of additional space for areas exceeding 1500 sq.m in other areas. 6 Page 18 Mercantile (Markets, Department Stores, shops and other commercial users) One Parking space for every 80 sq.m of floor area up to 800 sq.m and one parking space for every 160 sq.m of space for areas One Parking space for every 40 sq.m of floor area up to 800 sq.m and one parking space for every 80 sq.m of space for areas

20 D C RULES (cont.) Sr. No. Occupancy Type Previous Provision Updated Provision 7 Industrial One Parking space for every 300 sq.m thereof subject to a minimum of two spaces. One Parking space for every 100 sq.m thereof subject to a minimum of two spaces. 8 Storage One Parking space for every 300 sq.m thereof to a minimum of two spaces. One Parking space for every 100 sq.m thereof to a minimum of two spaces. 9 Page 19 Hospitals and Medical institutions One Parking space for every 300 sq.m of total floor area. One Parking space for every 150 sq.m of total floor area.

21 OBJECTIVES: - to ensure adequate traffic measures are introduced to support the proposed development:- - sufficient car parking spaces provided for workers/residents/visitors; - adequate vehicular entry/exit arrangements; - existing road network can accommodate traffic generated/attracted to development; if not developer (sometimes with assistance from Authorities) has to provide measures to increase road capacity to accommodate additional development traffic Page 20