3.9 Accident Investigation Data (5.9).notebook February 28, 2018

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1 Objective Today I will determine skid speed using formulas. Bellwork 1) What is the reaction distance for Jane traveling 55mph? 2) What is the braking distance for Jane driving 55mph? 3) If Jane decides to slam on the brakes, how far does she travel until she completely stops? 4) Convert 70mph to feet per second.

2 Skid Mark: A mark that is left by a tire when it is locked. The tire stops turning but the auto continues to move forward.

3 Shadow Skid Mark: The beginning of a skid mark. It is lighter than the other parts of the skid mark. The skid mark sill be darkest where the car comes to a full stop.

4 Yaw Marks: Marks made by a skidding car when it starts to slip sideways. Marks are in an arc.

5 Next Question What are anti lock brakes?

6 Next Question What are anti lock brakes? (ABS) Brakes that keep the tires of an auto from locking completely. Skid marks left by ABS are a series of uniform dashes.

7 Skid Speed Formula: S is the speed of the car when it enters the skid D is the skid distance (average length of the skid marks) f is the drag factor n is the braking efficiency of the car (% written as a decimal) D is measured in feet.

8 Road Surface Drag Factor Range Cement Asphalt.5.9 Gravel.4.8 Snow.1.55 Ice.1.25

9 Measuring Yaw Marks: S is the minimum speed of the vehicle f is the drag factor r is the radius of the arc created by the yaw marks

10 How do I find the radius of the arc? C is the distance between two points on the yaw mark. M is the length of the middle ordinate. (Middle Ordinate is the perpendicular distance between the C and the arc.)

11 Example #1 A car is traveling on an asphalt road with a drag factor The speed limit on this portion of the road is 35 mi/h. The driver just had his car in the shop and his mechanic informed him that the brakes were operating at 100% efficiency. The driver must make an emergency stop, when he sees an obstruction in the road ahead of him. His car leaves four distinct skid marks each 80 feet in length. What is the minimum speed the car was traveling when it entered the skid? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. Was the driver exceeding the speed limit when entering the skid?

12 Example #2 Melissa was traveling at 50 mi/h on a concrete road with a drag factor of 1.2. Her brakes were working at 90% efficiency. To the nearest tenth of a foot, what would you expect the average length of the skid marks to be if she applied her brakes in order to come to an immediate stop?

13 Example #3 An accident reconstructionist took measurements from yaw marks left at a scene. Using a 43 foot length chord, she determined that the middle ordinate measured approximately 4 feet. The drag factor for the road surface was determined to be 0.8. Determine the radius of the curved yaw mark to the nearest tenth of a foot. Determine the minimum speed that the car was going when the skid occurred to the nearest tenth.

14 Example #4 Determine the minimum speed of a car at the point the brakes are immediately applied to avoid a collision based upon a yaw mark chord measuring 62.4 feet and a middle ordinate measuring 5 feet. The drag factor of the road surface is 1.2. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

15 Last Question Why is it important for the skid mark data to be accurate?

16

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