1976 Minnesota Motor Vehicle Crash Facts

Transcription

1 This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project Minnesota Motor Vehicle Crash Facts

2 This Report was Produced By The: Minnesota Department of Public Safety Office of Traffic Safety 207 Transportation Building St. Paul, Minnesota 55155

3 N 1976: Two persons killed every day One traffic death every 10 hours 50 minutes One pedestrian killed every 73 hours One bicyclist killed every 9 days (May Oct.) One person injured every 12¾ minutes One pedestrian injured every 5 hours and 5 minutes One bicyclist injured every 4 hours (May Oct.) 114 persons injured daily due to traffic accidents Economic loss in traffic accidents was $ per minute One traffic accident every 4½ minutes One motorcycle accident every 1 hour 48 minutes (May Oct.) One property damage accident every 6 minutes 319 traffic accidents occurred daily One driver out of every 12 involved in an accident One vehicle out of every 14 involved in an accident

4 The Auto Rate Rise: "'... P RTS COSTS HAVE RSEN_ PHENOMENALLY! Dodge Dart GRLL nitial Cost: $19.49 Today's Cost: $ Chev rnjet 4' 1fiipala EAR BUMPER $ _1..,, Buick LeSabre FRONT BUMPER nitial Cost: $ Today's Cost: $ Chrysler Newport FENDER lnitiaj Cost: $ Today's Cost: $ HJ, 7 '4 Pontiac Catalina 'QUARTER PANEL nitial Cost: $ Today's Cost: $ Plymouth Fury 111 DOOR lnjtial Cost: $ Today's Cost: $ COST '.J OF HUMAN REPAR 100, HAS RSEN Cosl Minnesota 1976 Cost Change Percent Outpatient Care $ 2s.02 $ % Room and Board 'L and Ancillary Services $ $ % ntensive Care $ $ k 67.4% Source: Minnesota Hospital Association, Ramsey County Hospital 2

5 1976 Minnesota Motor Vehicle Crash Facts... This report has been prepared by the Minnesota Department of Public Safety in accordance with Minnesota Statutes, Section , for the year The information is derived principally from reports submitted by drivers and police agencies on crashes involving death, personal injury or property damage of $100 or more. Selected highway crash data are presented to determine trends, to point out problem areas and to establish the dominant characteristics of motor vehicle crashes in Minnesota so that appropriate countermeasures can be implemented. n 1976, 809 people were killed and 41,491 injured in 116,390 crashes throughout the state. Over 2.9 million vehicles traveled 27 billion miles on 128,456 miles of roadway. Approximately 2.34 million Minnesota citizens had a license to drive last year. n addition to death and injury the economic loss due to traffic crashes in our state in 1976 has been set at $450,335,290. This figure is derived from cost breakdowns established by the Department of Transportation for fatalities, injuries and damage resulting from fatal, personal injury and property damage crashes. The report itself is divided into ten parts: the first examining the vehicles, drivers and crashes; the others reviewing holidays, pedestrians, alcohol involvement, and selected types of motor vehicle crashes. Graphical charts as well as data tables have been included in the hope that this will enable the reader to more clearly understand and analyze the trends present in the picture for the State of Minnesota through

6 Table of Contents PAGE PAGE PART. CRASH FACTS SUMMARY D. CRASHES, BY HOUR OF DAY Fatal Crashes, by Hour of Day: 1976 vs. CRASH FACTS SUMMARY Average A. SUMMARY AND RATE NFORMATON All Crashes, by Hour of Day: 1976 vs Average Traffic Crashes, Crash Distribution, by Day of Week and Traffic Fatalities, Ti me of Day Traffic njuries, E. TYPE OF CRASH Registered Motor Vehicles, Crash, Fatalities, and njuries, by Type Licensed Drivers, Collision: 1976 vs Average Vehicular Miles Traveled, Fatalities and njuries, by Type of Crash Fatality Rates F. COUNTY CRASH REPORT Fatality Rate Per Hundred Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, Fatality Rate Per 100,000 Registered Vehicles, : Fatality Rate Per 100,000 Population, Crashes, Killed and njured, by County: 1976 vs Average Fatalities Compared With Average County Crash Report G. LOCATON OF CRASHES, BY njury Rates POPULATON njury Rate Per 100 Millipn Vehicle Crash Severity, Fatalities and njuries, Miles Traveled; njury Rate Per 100,000 Registered by City Size Location of Crashes, by Urban or Rural Area. 26 Vehicles, ? Crashes, by Residence of Driver njury Rate Per 100,000 Population, Traffic Crashes, by City Groupings H. WEATHER AND LGHT CONDTONS Crash Rates J. ROAD SURFACE AND CHARACTER. 31 Crash Rates Per Hundred Million Vehicle Miles Traveled, K. ROAD CLASSFCATON: MLEAGE AND CRASH DSTRBUTON Crash Rate Per 100,000 Registered Vehicles, Crash Rate Per 100,000 Population, Road Mileage Summary Crashes, by Type of Road Class Mileage and Crash Distribution, by Type of Roadway Minnesota Traffic Toll: 1976 vs. L. AGES OF Kl LLED AND NJURED Average of Percent of Fatalities, by Age Group B. FATAL CRASHES AND FATALTES, Percent of njuries, by Age Group BY MONTH Age and Sex of Total Fatalities and njuries.. 34 C. CRASHES, BY DAY OF WEEK M. DRNERS NVOLVED N CRASHES Fatal Crashes, by Day of Week Al Crashes, by Day of Week Distribution of Drivers in Crashes, by Sex and Degree of Severity Age Distribution of Licensed Drivers and Their nvolvement in Crashes Drivers in Traffic Crashes, by Crash Severity, Age Group and Number of Licensed Drivers. 36 Probable Driver Behaviors in Crashes N. VEHCLE MOVEMENT TwoVehicle Nonntersection Crashes TwoVehicle ntersection Crashes CRASH NVOLVEMENT COMPARED WTH REGSTRATONS Vehicle Registrations, P. DRVER LCENSE DATA MOTOR VEHCLE NSPECTON nspections

7 PAGE PART. CRASHES NVOLVNG PEDESTRANS Pedestrian Crashes, Pedestrians njured, Pedestrians Killed, Age and Sex of Pedestrians Killed and njured Age of Pedestrians Killed and njured: 1976 vs Average Fatal Pedestrian Crashes, by Hour of Day All Pedestrian Crashes, by Hour of Day Actions of Pedestrians Actions of Pedestrians, by Age, Killed in Crashes Actions of Pedestrians, by Age, njured in Crashes PART ll. CRASHES NVOLVNG BCYCLES Bicycle Crashes, Bicyclists njured, Bicyclists Killed, Age and Sex of Bicyclists Killed and njured. 49 PART V. CRASHES NVOLVNG MOTORCYCLES Registered Motorcycles, Motorcycles nvolved in Accidents, Fatalities in Motorcycle Crashes, njuries in Motorcycle Crashes, Severity of Crashes nvolving Motorcycles and All Other Motor Vehicles Severity of njuries nvolving Motorcycles and All Other Motor Vehicles Motorcycle Accident Summary PART V. CRASHES NVOLVNG TRANS Number of Train Crashes, PART V. CRASHES NVOLVNG SNOWMOBLES Snowmobile Registrations Snowmobile Crashes, Types of Crashes and Number Kil led and njured Severity of Crashes nvolving Snowmobiles and All Other Motor Vehicles Severity of njuries nvolving Snowmobiles and All Other Motor Vehicles PART V. CRASHES NVOLVNG SCHOOL BUSES School Buses nvolved in Crashes, PART V. HOLDAY ACCDENT SUMMARY Holiday Accident Summary, Holiday Traffic Scorecard PAGE PART X. TEENAGE DRVER CRASH FACTS Licensed Drivers, by Age Group njuries and Fatalities, by Driver Age Group.. 64 Teenage Driving Record Number and Rate of Licensed Drivers by Age, Percent of Teenage and Other Licensed Drivers nvolved in Crashes, Teenage Drivers as a Percent of All Licensed Drivers and as a Percent of Drivers in Crashes, Fatal Crashes, by Hour of Day, by Age of Driver All Crashes, by Hour of Day, by Age of Driver 66 PART X. DRNKNG DRVERS AND PEDESTRANS AlcoholPositive Driver Fatalities Drinking vs. NonDrinking Driver Fatalities, by Ti me of Crash Drinking Driver Fatality Summary, ntoxication Level of Driver Fatalities, by Age ntoxication Level of Driver Fatalities, by Time of Crash ntoxication Level of Driver Fatalities, by Month of Crash ntoxication Level of Driver Fatalities, by Road Class DW Convictions, Revocations Under the mplied Consent Law, Highway Patrol DW Arrests and Convictions, Repeat DW Convictions, Blood Alcohol Levels in DW Arrests Blood Alcohol Levels in Statewide DW Arrests, Drinking Pedestrian Facts, ntoxication Level of Pedestrian Fatalities, by Age Pedestrian Fatalities: ncidence of ntoxication by Time of Crash Pedestrian Fatalities: ncidence of ntoxication by Month of Crash Pedestrian Fatalities: ncidence of ntoxication by Road Class of Crash

8 Cr sh F cts r TRENDS BY YEAR, DAY AND HOUR NTH, n 1976 Minnesota experienced a 5½ percent reduction in traffic accidents, which amounted to 6,716 fewer occurrences. Although traffic fatalities increased by 4.1% from 777 in 1975 to 809 in 1976, the fatality rate decreased by 1 percent from 3.03 fatalities per hundred million vehicle miles traveled in 1975 to 3.00 in This phenomenon is explained by the fact that even though the actual number of fatalities for a given year may increase, the number of vehicle miles traveled in Minnesota shows a proportionately larger increase. n 1976 each licensed driver traveled an average of 11,544 miles, a 2.5 percent increase from This increase is similar to that experienced from 1974 to 1975 and could be expected since the number of licensed drivers and the number of miles traveled has continually increased every year since 1965 (with the exception of 1974, during which miles traveled dropped due to the energy crisis). One out of every 4,900 Minnesota residents and one out of every 2,886 licensed drivers died in Minnesota traffic accidents in Compared to 1975, Minnesotans were slightly more likely to become a traffic fatality. As usual, summer and fall months continued to contribute larger numbers of fatalities and fatal crashes than the remaining months of the year. Fiftyone percent of the 1976 fatalities and fatal accidents occurred during the months of May through September. An average of three people a day were killed on Minnesota roadways during these five months, while during the other seven months of the year, an average of two people per day were killed. Friday and Saturday consistently accounted for the greatest number of accidents; on these two days 35 percent of all crashes and 36 percent of fatal crashes occurred. Fatal crashes also occurred in disproportionately large numbers on Sundays, with Friday, Saturday and Sunday accounting for 52.5 percent of all fatal crashes. When all crashes were broken down by hour of the day, 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. showed the peak number ofcrashes (23%). Fatal crashes displayed a peak between 1 and 2 a.m. with 70 (9. 7%) crashes, and another lower peak between 5 and 6 p. m. with 49 (6.8%) crashes. The greatest number of crashes per hour occurred on Friday between 3 and 6 p.m. when people were hurrying home to start their weekends. The post party and drinking hours of midnight to 2 a.m. on both Saturday and Sunday mornings accounted for the largest number of fatal crashes. TYPES F CRASH The most commonly occurring crash in the state of Minnesota in 1976 involved two motor vehicles in traffic. This type of crash, along with crashes involving parked cars or cars that ran off the road, accounted for 91.6 percent of the total crash picture. Compared to all other collisions, railroad train and pedestrian accidents have the highest fatality ratios. One out of every 20 railroad trainmotor vehicle collisions resulted in a fatality, while one out of every 15 pedestrianmotor vehicle crashes produced a fatality. These ratios compare with an overal rate of one in every 162 occurrences involving any type vehicle resulting in a fatality. n terms of injury and death, pedestrian and bicycle crashes are by far the most severe. n 1976, pedestrians involved in crashes had a 100 percent chance of injury, and bicyclists involved in crashes had a 93 percent chance of injury. 6

9 URBANRURAL The metropolitan areas of Minneapolis, St. Paul and Duluth contributed 28 percent of all crashes, but only 11 percent of al fatal crashes in This follows the typical pattern of urban areas contributing more of the injury (69%) and property damage (76%) accidents while most of the fatal crashes take place in rural areas (67%). ROAD CONDTONS AND WEATHER FACTORS Because many road and weather conditions are difficult to accurately categorize, a large portion of the 1976 crashes are classified as "all others and not stated". The following observations can be made for the remaining accidents which could be easily assigned to a category. Approximately 66 percent of all collisions and 81 percent of all fatal collisions occurred on dry pavements. Nearly 89 percent of all crashes took place on clear or cloudy days, with 90 percent of fatal crashes occurring under such relatively favorable skies. DRVERS NVOLVED N CRASHES n 1976, 197,786 drivers were involved in traffic accidents, and of those in which driver's sex was stated, 71 percent were males and 29 percent were females. Although males made up the greater portion of all drivers in crashes, there proved to be little difference between the sexes in terms of degree of severity of crash. Less than 10 percent of both groups were involved in fatal collisions, between 23 and 24 percent were involved in personal injury crashes (females being involved in 0.6 percent more than males), and the remaining 76 percent were involved in property damage only collisions. Examining the ages of all licensed drivers and comparing them with the ages of the driver population involved in crashes, produces an interesting pattern. Although several of the age groups indicated show some disproportionate involvement in accidents in relation to their relative appearance in the licensed driver population, some age groups show greater disproportion than others. The age group 2024 shows the largest disproportion, followed by the 1519 year olds, and then the 2529 year old group. Farther up the age range, disproportionate involvement diminishes and becomes insignificant. The most probable reason for this recurring trend is that the early years are usually the most mobile for the average driver and thus the chance of accident involvement is significantly higher. VEHCLE MOVEMENTS N CRASHES n two vehicle accidents the most often occurring intersection type crash was that involving two vehicles entering an intersection at right angles. Fortyeight percent of all fatal intersection crashes were of this type. n the two vehicle nonintersection crashes, the most frequently occurring accident involved a moving vehicle colliding with a parked unit. This type of two vehicle, nonintersection crash occurred 40 percent of the time. Although not the most frequently occurring, the headon type crash between two motor vehicles moving in opposite directions had by far the greatest chance for a fatality. Nearly one out of every 26 nonintersection crashes of this type, and one out of every 32 intersection crashes of this type resulted in a fatality. 7

10 VEHCLES N CRASHES There were 2,924,381 vehicles registered in Minnesota during 1976, and.213,480 of these were involved in a crash of some type. Passenger cars made up percent of the registered vehicles and contributed 79.1 percent of all vehicles involved in crashes. Trucks accounted for 20.3 percent of the registered vehicles and comprised 13.3 percent of all vehicles involved in crashes. Three vehicle types stand out as the most hazardous when involved in crashes; a fatality resulted from one in every 17 crashes involving farm equipment. One out of very 40 motorcycle col is ions resulted in a fatality in 1976, while in 1975, a fatality resulted from one in 39 motorcycle crashes. Snowmobile collisions were the most hazardous in 1975, with a fatality resulting from one in every 24 crashes, however in 1976, a fatality only resulted from one in every 46 crashes involving snowmobiles. MOTOR VEHCLE NSPECT n 1976: 125,042 cars; 30,046 trucks; 18,589 school buses and 1,370 motorcycles were inspected. Since 1972, school buses have been inspected twice yearly, therefore the figures here represent two inspections of the same vehicle. The number of motorcycles inspected during 1976 increased 99 percent, the number of trucks inspected increased 36 percent, and the number of cars inspected increased 16 percent. Even with the increase in vehicle inspections, motorcycles had the second lowest rejection rate, although it was up slightly from School buses held the lowest rejection rate, dropping from that in 1975, as did the rates for autos and trucks as well. ROADWAY MLEAGE A D CRASHES During 1976, Minnesotans traveled 26.9 billion miles on 128,456 miles of roadway. The trunk highway and interstate systems carried 60 percent of this vehicle mileage, while constituting less than 10 percent of the available road miles. This resulted in some very dense traffic at times, especially in the larger metropolitan areas. The trunk highway system contributed a slightly higher portion of all accidents (36 percent) than any other road system, with local streets following closely with 34 percent; however the trunk highway system contributed by far the greatest portion of fatal crashes (48 percent). This pattern of fatal crashes generally occurring on trunk highways is largely due to the heavy load (vehicle miles) as well as the aging construction ( narrow lanes, bl ind curves, etc.) and the absence of modern high speed safety features on many of the older roadways which make up the "backbone" of Minnesota's vehicle movement system. 8

11 Summary and Rate nformation 125, , ,000 TRAFFC CRASHES, , , , , , , ,235 r1 r 104,030 r tf,qv<+ 102,964 95,000 90,000 93,819 92,910 85,000 L 80,000 ' 75,000 70,000 65,000 60,000 55,000 50,000! 45,

12 TRAFFC FATALTES, ,100 1, ,060 1,024 1,031 n 1, n r l 500! TRAFFC NJURES, , ,000 47, , ,000 42,000 40,000 38,000 36,000 34,000 32,000! i n 43,974 35,760,..._ 38,538 39, i2i1.,2, r, r, ,931 41,

13 REGSTERED MOTOR VEHCLES, C/) w j 2.6 w > 2.4 LL = , LCENSED DRVERS, r,?.e.._ C/) ffi 2.0 > o 1.9 LL J = VEHCULAR MLES TRAVELED, C/) w...j LL 0 = J 16 co 14 7 n n lqj3 2t>. 4 ill ? 2.4, p

14 Fatal ity Rate PER HUNDRED M1Lu on 6.0 VEHCLE MLES TRAVELED,

15 FATALTY RATE PER 100,000 REGSTERED VEHCLES FATALTY RATE PER 100,000 POPULATON ?1 R

16 NJURY RATE PER 100 MLLON ' VEHCLE MLES TRAVELED l b.l LLU,! f \ f r.,,n ri rc, 7 n p:; 16q 7':'. A,.._.,, "7ft rl ,,_ L. NJURY RATE PER 100,000 REGSTERED VEHCLES ,000 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 "\,... r7 _,'J 4... i..."" ' r.t:.,. A.. VO 1 7!,nc:.,,.,, 1 '7.d"l j, t) ll n1. 0L U., t,o:::tv,i.ju 1 'i R 71 1,r7rn n 1, ( NJURY RATE PER 100,000 POPULATON ,400 1,350 1,300 1,250 1,200 1,150 1,100 1,050 1, ,309.6 ', f 1,, 87.5 j 1, n,o.., 1,097.6 rj 1, ,016.6 r r', C:=""""" LJ J r7 1, ,009.4 ] ' _ J l_l ,,uuc.> 14

17 CRASH RATE PER 100 MLLON VEHCLE MLES TRAVELED ovo ,.,.., ' "...,.,. r 4 29 l , l CRASH RATE PER 100,000 REGSTERED VEHCLES ,000 4,800 4,600 4,400 4,200 i ; J. 4&fi J 'lg'.a t 65, ,000 3,800 3,600 ' ,980 3, CRASH RATE PER 100,000 POPULATON ,200 3,100.:S, J :S 3,000 2,900 2,800 2,700 2,600.. r1 2,500 2,400 2,300 2,509 2,800 2, ,853 r7 L, U 2.s9s r1 l l 2,628, 2,936 r7 _J

18 MNNESOTA TRAFFC TOLL: 1976 VS. AVERAGE OF Deaths 942 njuries 41,098 Crashes 109,838 Registered Motor Vehicles 2,330,026 Licensed Drivers 2,197,000 Vehicle Miles Traveled (Millions) 24, , ,390 2,924,381 2,335,000 26,956 Fatality Rate per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled Fatal Crashes and Fatal ities by Month 120 Fatal crashes al Fatal i,ies 1oo r:_j ao 60L JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JU.L AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 16

19 Crashes by Day of Week FATAL CRASHES Average SUN MON TUE WED THU FR SAT ALL CRASHES 25,000., 24,000 1; 23,000 22, Average ,000 21, , 000 L 19, 000 L 19,462 18,000 L, 11,000 l,o.5sr1 16,000 Lr ri 15, ,ooo, , ,625...c:J_ 14,000 1 d. 'dp 13, ,000 11, , 000 9,000 SUN MON TUE WED THU FR SAT 17

20 Crashes by Hour of Day FATAL CRASHES ALL CRASHES 13, j J /' l\, \\\. \i FATAL CRASHES \t _ verage, 1976 n, l \\ \\',,,.,,, \ \. y """':,,. _,, '\ lr" 1 AM N... " """1fJ";,, / J ' /...c l/ '... '" ' i::::;.... ii,..., ' \[ M 8 PM N 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 " ALL CRASHES 1_ Average 1976 '.. J h J. \ ), / l\ '\\ \\ '\ l i ".J. """1.. \\ /, t '/ l\.,_ t,. / \l,.. \\,\, '\ '\, \\.:::ir 11, AM o PM N... 18

21 "'\ _..r="..=,. " 0.. (D HOUR TOTAL ACC. MONDAY BEGN ALL FATAL ALL FATAL Midnite 3, :00 a.m. 5, :00 2, :00 1, : : :00 1, :00 4, :00 4, :00 3, :00 4, :00 5, Noon 6, :00 p.m. 5, :00 6, :00 8, , :00 9,768 1, :00 8,200 1, :00 5, :00 5, :00 4, :00 4, :00 4, :00 4, Not stated 2, TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY ALL FATAL ALL FATAL ALL FATAL , , , , , , , , , FRDAY SATURDAY ALL FATAL ALL FATAL , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , SUNDAY ALL FATAL , G.. < cc,.. < ll o::;... a c..,.. 0 :J C,.. < Total Accidents 116, , , , , , , , c.o

22 Type of Crash Collisio n with: MOTOR VEHCLE N TRAFFC Ave rage Crashes 7 5, ,630 Killed njured 2 7,515 26,078 ANMAL Average 1971 Crashes 1,591 Kille d 1 njured , PARKED MOTOR VEHCLE FXED OBJECT Crashes 1 1, ,3 16 Crashes 3,620 '3, 329 Killed 8 4 Kille d 39 7 njured 1, 526 1,502 \\ J njured 1,290 1,08 7 PEDESTRAN HAN, === 1 OFF ROAD Do,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 Crashes 1,903 1,723 Crashes 1 3, ,6 11 Killed _ Kille d njured 1,879 1,705 njured 6,786 8,863 BCYCLE ro: OVERTURNED ON ROADWAY }> Crashes 1,1 82 1,2 17 Crashes Killed Kille d 7 7 njured 1,12 6 1,141 njured TRAN OTHER OTH ER FXED OBJECT & OTH ER NONCOLLSON Crashes Crashes Killed Kille d 6 6 njured njured

23 F talities and lniuries BY TYPE OF MOTOR VEHCLE CRASH N MNNESOTA TYPE OF CRASH * NUMBER OF CRASHES NUMBER OF PERSONS Fatality Rate Per Personal Pro perty njury Types** 1,000 All Fatal njury Damage Killed njured A B C Crashes Singlevehicle crash : Ran off the road 17, ,238 11, ,863 4,309 2,770 1, Overturned on the road Vehicle collided with: Pedestrian 1, , , Motor vehicle in traffic 75, ,568 59, ,078 7,671 6,347 12, Parked motor vehicle 13, ,206 12, , Rai road train Bicyclist 1, , , Animal 1, , Fixed Object 3, , , Other Object Other Noncollision TOTALS: 116, ,409 88, ,491 15,043 11, , * All crashes are coded according to the first event; e.g., if a car hits a pedestrian and then a parked car, the crash is coded as a collision with a pedestrian. **njury type A Visible signs of injury, bleeding wound, distorted member B Other visible injury, such as bruises, abraisons, swelling C No visible injury, but complaint of pain or momentary unconsciousness 21

24 r sh s, ill a 1ure BY C UNTY FOR 1976 AND THE AVERAGE OF COUNTY ALL CRASHES Kl LLED NJURED ALL CRASHES Kl LLED NJURED Avg. Avg. Avg. COUNTY Avg. Avg. Avg Aitkin Marshall Anoka 3,964 4, ,909 2,042 Martin Becker Meeker Beltrami Mille Lacs Benton Morrison Big Stone Mower 1,102 1, Blue Earth 2,053 1, Murray Brown Nicollet Carlton Nohles Carver Norman Cass Olmsted 2,572 2, ,000 1,046 Chippewa Otter Tail , Chisago Pennington Clay 1, Pine Clearwater Pipestone Cook Polk 864 1, Cottonwood Pope Crow Wing 1,058 1, Ramsey 17,248 16, ,895 5,508 Dakota 3,797 4, ,658 1,858 Red Lake Dodge Redwood Douglas Renville Faribault Rice 1,134 1, Fillmore Rock Freeborn 1,020 1, Roseau Goodhue 929 1, St. Louis 5,394 6, ,875 2,1 19 Grant Scott Hennepin 33,486 32, ,980 11,404 Sherburne Houston Sibley Hubbard Stearns 2,923 3, ,153 1,176 santi Steele tasca 758 1, Stevens Jackson Swift Kanabec Todd Kandiyohi 958 1, Traverse Kittson Wabasha Koochiching Wadena Lac qui Parle Waseca Lake Washington 1,949 2, Lake of the Watonwan Woods Wi lkin Le Sueur Winona 1,256 1, Lincoln Wright 892 1, Lyon Yellow McLeod Medicine Mahnomen TOTALS 109, , ,098 41,

25 County Comparisons 1976 FATALTES VS AVERAGES l Koochiching tasca ncrease over 20% ncrease 20% and under D Decrease No change Rock Nobles 23

26 County Crash Report PERSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE COUNTY CRASHES CRASHES KLLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES Aitkin Anoka 4, ,336 2,042 3,130 Becker Beltrami Benton Big Stone Blue Earth 1, ,456 Brown Carlton Carver Cass Chippewa Chisago Clay 1, ,410 Clearwater Cook Cottonwood Crow Wing 1, ,012 Dakota 4, ,243 1,858 3,187 Dodge Douglas Faribault Fillmore Freeborn 1, Goodhue 1, Grant Hennepin 32, ,450 11,404 25,133 Houston Hubbard santi tasca 1, Jackson Kanabec Kandiyohi 1, Kittson Koochiching Lac Qui Parle Lake Lake of the Woods Le Sueur Lincoln Lyon McLeod Mahnomen

27 PERSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE COUNTY CRASHES CRASHES Kl LLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES Marshall Martin Meeker Mille Lacs Morrison Mower 1, Murray Nicol let Nobles Norman Olmsted 2, ,046 2,158 Otter Tail 1, Pennington Pine Pipestone Polk 1, Pope Ramsey 16, ,828 5,508 12,992 Red Lake Redwood Renville Rice 1, Rock Roseau St. Louis 6, ,427 2,1 19 5,221 Scott Sherburne Sibley Stearns 3, ,176 2,431 Steele Stevens Swift Todd Traverse Wabasha Wadena Waseca Washington 2, ,617 Watonwan Wilkin Winona 1, ,005 Wright 1, Yellow Medicine Total 116, ,409 41,491 88,

28 Location of Crashes by Pop ulation ALL CRASHES FATAL CRASHES PERSONAL PROPERTY NJURY DAMAGE CRASHES CRASHES KLLED NJURED MNNEAPOLS 17,375 (434,400) ST. PAUL 12,186 (309,866) DULUTH 3,060 (105,578) BLOOMNGTON 2,715 (81,970) 25,000 50,000 18,251 10,000 25,000 17, ,648 13, ,666 2,616 9, , , , ,084 4,242 13, ,212 4,131 13, ,992 2,500 10,000 14, ,984 11, ,390 RURAL (Under 2,500) 30, ,461 21, ,612 LOCATON OF CRASHES BY URBAN OR RURAL AREA Urban = Rural = 30, % All Crashes = 116,39. 0 ACCDENTS BY DRVER RESDENCE DRVER RES DENCE TOTAL PERSONAL PROPERTY FATAL NJURY DAMAGE Urban Resident 128,026 Rural Resident 41,503 NonResident 11,105 Not Stated 17,152 TOTAL 197, ,293 96, ,841 31, ,719 8, ,599 15,5'07 1,023 45, ,311 26

29 Crashes by City Groups PERSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE GROUP CTY CRASHES CRASHES.KLLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES A. Pop. 100,000 or more Minneapolis 17, ,648 5,666 13,691 St. Paul 12, ,616 3,695 9,543 Duluth 3, ,434 B. Pop. 20,000 99,999 Austin Bloomington 2, ,084 1,988 Brooklyn Center Brooklyn Park Columbia Heights Coon Rapids Crystal Edina 1, Fridley Golden Valley 1, Mankato 1, ,156 Maplewood Minnetonka Moorhead 1, ,112 Richfield 1, ,053 Rochester 2, ,671 Roseville St. Cloud 1, ,514 St. Louis Park 1, ,014 South St. Paul White Bear Lake Winona C. Pop. 10, ,999 Albert Lea Anoka Bemidji Blaine Brainerd Burnsville Cottage Grove Eagan Faribault Fairmont Fergus Falls Hastings Hibbing Hopkins nver Grove Heights New Brighton New Hope New Ulm Northfield North St. Paul Owatonna *Population figures are from the U.S census

30 GROUPS CONTNUED PERSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE GROUP CTY CRASHES CRASHES KLLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES Plymouth Red Wing Robbinsdale Shoreview Stillwater Virginia West St. Paul Willmar D. Pop. 5,000 9,000 Alexandria Apple Valley Chisholm Cloquet Crookston Detroit Lakes East Grand Forks Eden Prairie Ely Eveleth Falcon Heights Grand Rapids Ham Lake Hutchinson nternational Falls Litchfield Little Falls Maple Grove Marshall Mendota Heights Montevideo Mound Mounds View New Prague North Mankato Orono Pipestone St. Anthony St. Paul Park St. Peter Sauk Rapids Shakopee Spring Lake Park Thief River Falls Waseca Worthington E. Pop. 2,500 4,999 Arden Hills Aurora Babbitt Bayport Benson Blue Earth

31 PE RSONAL PROPERTY ALL FATAL NUMBER NJURY NUMBER DAMAGE GROUP CTY CRASHES CRASHES KLLED CRASHES NJURED CRASHES Breckenridge Buffalo Caledonia Cambridge Chanhassen Chask Circle Pines Deephaven East Bethel East Granite Falls Excelsior Farmington Forest Lake Glencoe Glenwood Granite Falls Hoyt Lakes Jackson LaCrescent Lake City Lakeville Lino Lakes Le Sueur Little Canada Luverne Mahtomedi Minnetrista Mora Morris Newport Olivia Ortonville Osseo Park Rapids Princeton Proctor Redwood Falls Roseau St. James Sauk Centre Shorewood Silver Bay Sleepy Eye Springfield Staples Stewartville Tracy Two Harbors Vadnais Heights Wadena Waite Park Wayzata Wells Windom Woodbury

32 Weather and Light Conditions WEATH ER CONDTONS ALL CRASH ES PERSONAL PROPERTY FATAL NJURY DAMAG E CRASH ES CRASH ES CRASHES CLEAR 72, ,141 48,003 A1l Crashes Daylight 61.2% RAN 3, ,234 2,559 Darkness 38.8% SNOW OR SLEET 5, ,325 3,950 Fatal Crashes Daylight 40.3% Darkness 59.7% FOG ALL OTHERS NOT STATED TOTAL , , , ,409 88,261 LGHT CONDTONS ALL CRASH ES FATAL, CRASH ES PERSONAL PROPERTY NJURY DAMAGE CRASHES CRASH ES NUMBER KLLED NUMBER NJURED Daylight 71, ,833 55, ,744 Darkness 45, ,576 33, ,747 TOTA L 116, ,409 88, ,491 30

33 Road Surface and Character ROAD SURFACE CONDTONS ALL CRASH ES FATAL CRASHES PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES PROPERTY DAMAG E CRASH ES DRY 47, ,204 29,674 WET 9, ,059 6,1 45 SNOWY OR CY 15, ,635 11,563 ALL OTH ERS & NOT STATED 44, , ,879 TOTAL 116, ,409 88,261 ROAD CHARACTER LEVEL GRADE HLLCREST OTHER Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal STRAGHT DcuRvE 31

34 ROAD MLEAGE SUMMARY Type Road Miles Percent Road Classification MLEAGE AND CRASH DSTRBUTON nterstate % Trunk Highways 11, % County State Aid Highways 29, % County Roads 15, % Township Roads 56, % Loca Streets 10, % Other Roads 4, % TOTAL 128, % CRASHES BY TYPE OF ROAD CLASSFCATON Personal Property Number of Number of Road All Fatal njury Damage People People Classification Crashes Crashes Crashes Crashes Killed njured Urban* nterstate 5, ,266 4,362 1,846 Rural nterstate 1, Urban* Trunk Highway 28,713 6,883 21, ,545 Rural Trunk Highway 13, ,720 9, ,145 County State Aid Highway 23, ,531 16,590 10,088 County Road 2, , ,206 Township Road 2, , ,124 Local Street 39, ,175 31, ,953 Other Road TOTAL 116, ,409 88, ,491 * Any builtup area of 2,500 or more population. MLEAGE AND CRASH DSTRBUTON BY TYPE OF ROADWAY All other roads including County State Aid Highways,.County Roads, Township Roads, Local Streets, etc. 40.3% Trunk Highway 45.0% \ \' ',,, \ ' \ \ ', \ ' \ ',, \ ', ', / /,:(/' ',, \ \, j/, ::::, l 20.0% / 2.1'%,,, ",,,.,,. ' "' 28.8%» > m m» m m 1, > > '., '. > '. L cl l,;;;l J.::L i,;;;l \;;L l::l =L L'L L L L,, L L L L L L L L L L L L, ', L L L L i L L L L L L L, '"" ", '. ', ok Hlghwax _ L L L L U L L L L, L L LLL L _ L L. L.._L.._L._ L _ L L L L L L _,_ 8 _90 0 l L L ''t,...,.=======ed.j f> _j _. J L L L _J,!! _J _J _J.J J L L L L l ' L..J_J _. J J_/_..J 5.8 t J J. J J _j _J L L L L _J _j J L L L L L 3_201u L L L L L L L, L L L L L L L L L L nterstate L :::L, sro.6 h L L L L 1..1 _J 1 _J... _J.... J _ L L L L L L L L L L L TOTAL VEHCLE Ml LEAGE (projected) TOTAL ROAD Ml LEA GE ALL CRASHES FATA L CRASHES 32

35 Ages of Killed and lniured } t PERCENT OF FATALTES BY AGE GROUP 25% 20% 15% PERCENT OF TOTAL 10% Kl LLED 5% 0% PERCEN T OF NJURES BY AGE GROUP 25% Not Stated 20% 20.0!!! 15% PERCENT OF 10% TOTAL NJURED 7.2 5% 0% Not Stated n

36 AGE AND SEX OF TOTAL FATALTES AND NJURES Age Total Killed Total njured Group All Male Female All Male Female , , , ,559 5,681 3, ,296 5,170 3, ,682 4,611 3, ,417 1,856 1, ,977 1,557 1, ,258 1,097 1, , up Not Stated TOTAL ,491 23,646 17,845 Drivers nvolved in Crashes DSTRBUTON OF DRVERS N CRASHES BY SEX AND DEGREE OF SEVERTY.6% Male Drivers 834 Number Drivers n: Female Drivers FATAL CRASHES,»,»» 1 3% 23.4% PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES 24.0% 76.0% 102,619 PffOPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES 41, % 135,040 TOTAL DRVERS N ALL C. RASHES 55,249 34

37 AGE DSTRBUTON OF LCENSED DRVERS AND THER NVOLVEMENT N CRASHES 30% Licensed Drivers 20% 10% Age Drivers in Crashes 10% 20% 30% 0 14under % 2024 [ _ 2 1.7% :J' 23.6% J 2529 'rtj,." 9.0% 3034 = J a.s% 3539 s:s% 6.9% 6.8% Percent of All Licensed Drivers Percent of Al D rivers * in All Crashes Percent of All Drivers * in Fatal Crashes Total Drivers in Crashes: 197,786 (no age stated = 20,71 6) Total Drivers in Fatal Crashes: 1,023 (no age stated = 1 0) *NOTE: Percentages are based on a total number of drivers exclud1ng those with driver age not stated. 6.8% 6.2% 5.5% 4.4%. 3.2% 3.7% over 35

38 DRVERS N TRAFFC CRASHES Number of Drivers in: Personal Property All Fatal njury Damage Age Crashes Crashes Crashes Crashes 14Under , ,703 25, , ,182 28, , ,469 18, , ,166 11, , ,851 8, , ,252 7, , ,216 6, , ,027 6,488_ , ,652 5, , ,354 4, , , , ,480 75Over 3, ,868 Sub Total 177,070 1, , ,550 Not Stated 20, ,761 TOTAL 197;786 1,023 45, , Number Licensed Drivers 0 271, , , , , , , , , , ,925 75,501 83,664 2,335, ,335,000 PROBABLE DRVER BEHAVORS N CRASHES.. All Fatal Driver Behavior ndicated Crashes Crashes llegal/unsafe Speed 13, Traffic Control Violation 2, Over Center Line, Wrong Lane 2,721 mproper Parking, Starting, Stopping 1,731 6 mproper Passing 1,376 9 Following Too Closely 3,578 2 Failure To Yield RightOfWay 12,790 No Signal/mproper Signal Vision Obscurement 2, Bicycle Violation mpeding Traffic mproper Left Turn mproper Right Turn Other mproper Turn 1,527 1 Beyond Driver's Control 34, Defective Equipment 1,808 6 Pedestrian Violation Other 115, TOTAL 197,786 1, Personal njury Crashes 5,239 1,388 1, ,205 4, , ,833 45,452 Property Damage Crashes 7,823 1,440 1,599 1,372 1,097 2,371 8, , ,235 23,071 1, , ,311 36

39 Ve hicle Move ment TWO VEHCLE NONNTERSECTON CRASHES ) va t c:> l ' 1 c=) ' A CJ \ OPPOSTE DRECTON BOTH MOVNG All Crashes 2,444 Fatal Crashes 93 Personal njury Crashe.s 937 Property Damage Crashes 1,414 REAR END All Crashes 1,898 Fatal Crashes 9 Personal njury Crashes 715 Property Damage Crashes 1,174 BOTH SAME DRECTON SDESWPE All Crashes 2,060 Fatal Crashes 2 Personal njury Crashes 339 Property Damage Crashes 1,719 ON E VEHCLE PARKED All Crashes 10,684 Fatal Crashes 5 Personal njury Crashes 1,314 Property Damage Crashes 9,365 ALL OTHERS AND NOT STATED All Crashes 1,037 Fatal Crashes 14 Personal njury Crashes '205 Property Damage Crashes 818 t TOTAL TWOVEHCLE NON NTE RSECTON CRASHES All Crashes 26,867 Fatal Crashes 144 Personal njury Crashes 5,638 Property Damage Crashes 21,085 ONE VEHCLE STOPPED N TRAFFC ONE VEHCLE ENT. OR LVE. PRK. SPACE ONE VEHCLE ENT. OR LVE. ALLEY OR DRVEWAY All Crashes 2,642 Fatal Crashes 8 Personal njury Crashes 1,007 Property Damage Crashes 1,627 All Crashes 1,376 Fatal Crashes o. Personal njury Crashes 92 Property Damage Crashes 1,284 All Crashes 4,726 Fatal Crashes 1 3 Personal njury Crashes 1,029 Properw Damage Crashes 3,684 37

40 TWOVEHCLE NTERSECTON CRASHES' A A 'i <.._ ENTERNG AT ANGLE A 'A " " ',.:::::,, SAME DRECTON BOTH STRAGHT " REAR END All Crashes 16,531 All Crashes 7,066 Fatal Crashe$ 85 Fatal Crashes 4 Personal njury Personal njury Crashes 5,667 Crashes 2,31 1 Property. Damage Property Damage Crashes. 10,799 Crashes 4,751 SlOESWPE All Crashes Fatal Crashes Personal njury Crashes Property Damage Crashes ' SAME DRECTON ONE 473 TURNNG,_ STRAGHT All Crashes 3,641 Fatal Crashes 3 83 Personal njury Crashes 1, Property Damage Crashes 2,608 '. i ' g w ocorr SAME DRECTON ALL OTHERS All Crashes Fatal Crashes Personal njury Crashes Property Damage Crashes OPPOSTE DRECTON ALL OTHERS 1,513 All Crashes Fatal Crashes 0 Personal njury 195 Crashes 170 Property Damage 1,318 Crashes 583 NOT STATED All Crashes Fatal Crashtis Personal li,ljury Crashes Property Damage Crashes OPPOSTE DRECTON GONG STRAGHT Ol't.fE TURNNG LEFT, All Crashes 261 ONE STRAGHT Fatal Crashes 8 All Crashes 3,898 Personal njury Fatal Crashes 16 Crashes Property Damage Crashes Personal njury Crashes Property Damage Crashes 1,492 2,390 TOT AL TWO VEHCLE NTERSECTON CRASHES All Crashes Fatal Crashes Personal njury Crashes Property Damage Crashes 34, ,089 23,004 38

41 Crash nvol vement COMPARED WTH REGSTRATONS BY TYPE OF MOTOR VEHCLE VEHCLES N C ASHES Passenger Cars 79.1% Motorcycle 1.2%.At" School bus 0.3% MOTOR VEHCLE REGSTRATONS Type Motor Vehicle 1976 Registrations REGSTERED VEHCLES Passenger, Cars 72.6% Other 1.9% M'otorcycles 4.9% Buses 0.2% Passenger Cars Trucks Gross Weight Farm Urban Buses Motorcycles Recreational Tax Exempt 2,125, , ,643 4,464 6, ,237 20,619 36,486 TOTAL 2,924,381 VEHCLES N CRASHES Type Motor Vehicle Passenger Cars Pass. Car & Trailer Trk/Trk Tractor Trk Tractor & SemiTrail. Trk Tractor & TwinTrail. Other Truck Comb. Farm Tractor and/or Farm Equipment Taxicab Hus School Bus Motorcycle Snowmobile Emergency Vehicles Military Vehicles Other Public Vehicles HitRun Vehicles Other and Not Stated TOTAL VEHCLES Number of Vehicles in: Personal Property All Fatal njury Damage Crashes Crashes Crashes Crashes 168, , , , ,506 19,705 2, , , , , ,005 9, , ,480 1,041 47, ,119 39

42 0 Type of Vehicle Passenger Cars 1,578,791 1,643,025 1,694,936 1,732,607 1,782,734 1,806,394 Trucks Gross Weight 246, , , , , ,100 Farm 104, , , , , ,346 Urban 3,925 4,037 4,250 4,402 4,731 4,645 Subtotal, Trucks 354, , ; , , ,091 Tax Exempt 25,997 29,603 26,647 24,438 26,296 24,443 Buses 1,943 1,970 1,948 1,799 1,300 2,956 School Buses 4,038 4,314 4,508 4,740 5,093 3,604 Motorcycles 55,892 60,886 61,199 71,914 90, ,286 Recreational 1 1,286 4,834 6,592 9,233 Motor Vehicle SubTotal 2,022,131 2,114,587 2,187,514 2,260,096 2,356,512 2,413,007 Mobile Homes 2 23,904 25,997 28,728 34,440 38,670 30,560 Trailers 3 79, , , , , ,718 SubTotal, Trailers 102, , , , , ,278 Collector's ltem 4 7,779 8,504 GRAND TOTAL 5 2,125,108 2,430,709 2,549,327 2,631,222 2,781,900 2,850, ,866,756 1,931,493 1,943,956 2,125, , , , , , , , ,643 4,410 4,605 4,571 4, , , , ,458 31,740 35,848 33,273 36,486 3,019 3,165 2,352 2,432 3,491 3,665 3,797 3, , , , ,237 12,318 14,328 16,200 20,619 2,531,037 2,665,754 2,685,285 2,924, , , , , , , , , ,585 9,427 10,120 10,806 13,174 2,992,607 3,189,512 3,193,162 3,428,140 z z ffl ll 0,,. < ffl ::c n r m " ffl c:, ll ",,. 0 z,.._....0 '....0 ' 1. Motorpowered vehicles used for human habitation during recreational activities. 2. The reduction in 1972 registrations of mobile homes is due to a change in registration year from January 1 through December 31 to October 1 through September After May 24, 1973, mobile homes are no longer required to be registered with the Department of Motor Vehicles. 4. The number of vehicles registered as collector's items is unknown prior to Does not include foreign based prorate vehicles. 5.

43 r1 er License at DRVER LCENSNG DATA, Number of Licensed Drivers 1,950,000 2,000,000 2,025,000 2,050,000 2,1 25,000 2,1 50,000 2,200,000 2,235,000 Permits ssued 164, , , , , , , ,860 Written Tests 173, , , , , , , ,392 Road Tests 178, , , , , , , ,076 Regular Licenses ssued 519, , , , ,000 Classified Licenses ssued :** 720, , ,489 Class A 60,306 62,371 9,048 Class B 22,139 24,825 10,415 Class C 638, , ,036 Duplicate Licenses ssued : 185, , , , , , , ,617 Endorsements on Licenses Motorcycle * * * * * N.A. 55,377 91,024 School Bus N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 16, ,439 Driver Evaluations 14, ,294 14,254 15,201 13,033 18,783 12,744 10,811 Driver Evaluation Suspensions 16,775 17,069 16,212 14,669 11,065 11,901 12, ,563 Suspensions Due to NonPayment of Fine*** Safety Responsibility Act Suspensions 21,067 19,585 21,602 26,431 23,734 17,734 19,060 17,502 NoFault Suspensions Driver License*** Revocations 8,912 10, ,961 12,134 12,974 12,624 14,987 16,733 License Cancellations 3,338 4,004 3,540 3,357 3,447 5,656 4,789 6,232 Medical Referrals 4,894 6,136 4,1 55 2,752 3,892 2,442 2,724 2,960 Referrals to Driver m provement Clinics Reported Convictions 219, , , , , , , ,528 *Motorcycle license data are included in total number of licensed drivers, but not broken out separately. **Beginning in 1972, classified licenses were issued. ***Beginning January 1, ,275,000 2,335, , , , , , , , ,085 6,860 60,1 54 9,912 27, , , , , ,081 "152,138 19,757 20,837 12,194 13,036 9,623 11,176 5,042 7,837 1, ,246 10,559 20, ,381 4,380 2,566 13,397 19, , , ,902 41

44 Motor Vehicle nspectio n Type of Vehicle Number Defects Number Rejected Number nspected Percent Rejected 1970 Cars Trucks School Buses TOTAL VEHCLES 3 57,920 18,330 2,283 78,533 36, ,599 2,223 49, ,070 19,570 4,835 90, % 54.1 % 46.0% 54.3 % 1971 Cars Trucks School Buses Motorcycles 67,187 14,466 2, ,019 10,030 2, , ,224 5, % 47.3% 49.0% 16.8% TOTAL VEHCLES 84,467 54, , % Cars Trucks School Buses Motorcycles 68,171 17,205 9, ,010 8,40 2 3, ,959 18,050 8, % 46.5% 47.7% 25.8% TOTAL VEHCLES 94,610 48, , % 1973 Cars Trucks School Buses 4 Motorcycles 78,800 18, , ,190 9,241 5, ,505 19, , % 47.9% 37.3% 20.8% TOTA L VEHCLES 100,584 57, , % 1974 Cars Trucks School Buses Motorcycles 62,241 15,838 10, ,764 7,772 4, , ,869 16, % 35.5% 29.5% 16.3% TOTAL VEHCLES 89,201 47, , % 1975 Cars Trucks School Buses Motorcycles 82, ,079 19, ,776 9,433 3, ,565 22, , % 42.7 % 17.6% 17.3% TOTA L VEHCLES 1 23, , , % 1976 Cars Trucks School Buses Motorcycles 90, ,388 20, , ,391 2, ,042 30,046 18,589 1, % 4 1.2% 15.8% 20.1% TOTA L VEHCLES 1 36,945 65, , % 1 Due to coding error, 8,858 vehicles inspected in District 2 5 are not represented in this table. 2 ncludes only those vehicles for which complete inspection reports are available. 3 Motorcycles were not inspected in Beginning in 1973 all school buses are inspected twice yearly, thus these figures represent two inspections of the same vehicle. 42

45 Crashes nvolving Pedestrians Pedestrians, by virtue of the fact that skin and bone are no match for two tons of steel, are more vulnerable to injury than the victims of any other type crash. Since 1967 there have been an average of 1,914 pedestrian crashes annually in which an average of 131 fatalities and 1,906 injuries have occurred. During 1976 there were 1,723 pedestrianinvolved collisions in which 120 pedestrians were killed and an additional 1,726 were injured. Minnesota experienced only a slight decrease in pedestrian fatalities in 1976, although both the number of injured pedestrians and the number of pedestrian crashes decreased more than 10 perc ent. Considering the fact that the number of fatalities dropped by only one, and the number of crashes dropped significantly, we see that those pedestrian crashes that occurred were more likely to result in a fatality. n 197 5, one out of every 16 pedestrian crashes resulted in a fatality; in 1976, however, one out of every 14 crashes resu lted in a pedestrian death. Both the number of pedestrian crashes and pedestrians injured were at their lowest since This decrease is even more encouraging when we realize that vehicle miles traveled increased 5.2 percent in 1976, the number of registered vehicles increased by 8.9 percent and the number of icensed drivers increased 2.6 percent. t's normally the very young and the very old age groups that contribute the most to the pedestrian fatality picture. During 1976, although those over 75 made up the largest number of fatalities, the young 5 to 9 year olds who were prominent in 1975 were replaced by the 15 to 19 year olds who contributed the next largest number of fatalities in njuries show that the majority are under the age _of 20, and 75.percent of the injured are under 9 years old. What this implies is that it is the young who are involved in the majority of pedestri,intype crashes, but since they are physically better able to recover from serious injury they do not contribute as much to the fatality picture as they conceivably could. The very old, on the othe_r hand, do not mend as easily and thus contribute heavily to the fatality picture even though they appear relatively less often in the overall pedestrian crash picture. Like crashes involving only motor vehicles or motor vehicles and other objects, pedestrianinvolved crashes tend to increase during the peak people movement hours of 3 to 6 p.m. These three hours contribute 30 percent of all pedest_rian crashes. The hourly breakdowns for fatal pedestrianinvolved crashes also closely fol lows that for fatal motor vehicle accidents discussed previously. The "rush hour" of 5 to 8 p.m. provides one peak (the largest), with a second smaller peak occurring between 1 and 2 a.m. PEDESTRAN CRASHES, _'2,000 1,900 ti) 1,800 w ex: u 1,700 1,600 1,500 n 1, Estimated 1,944 1.J!fill 1,941 1,940 r7.. r ,925 1,723 1, Note: A "Pedestrian Crash" is a crash in wh ich the first object that was struck by a motor vehicle was a pedestrian. 43

46 PEDESTRANS NJURED, ,200 2,100 2,000 1,900 Cf) w 1,800 a: 1,700 Ei ed 1AfiA Estimated , ,918 r7. r,! 1,75.J 1,726. 1,600 1,500 1, PEDESTRANS KLLED, Cf) w 133 <! <! ,, r ,..., l KLLED AND NJURED PEDESTRANS, BY AGE AND SEX Age Total Killed Total njured Group Male Female Total Male Female Total ver Not Stated TOTAL ,

47 FATAL PEDESTRAN CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY Cf) <{ 10 _J 9 <{ 8 <{ 7 u M N D _., AM.,.. 2 _., PM UJ a: _. 130 <t: ALL PEDESTRAN CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY { ' \, ' N \ u ) 1, l,,' \' l ' 'l "' ll' '\ K \ \... \ '\ \.... _, M N D _., AM AGES OF PEDESTRANS KLLED AND NJURED N 1976 COMPARED WTH THE AVERAGE YEAR FROM Pedestrians Killed 2 _., PM 1 Petfestrians njured Age :kl2oo l t J over Fatalities, 1976 Fatalities, Average Not Stated 1111 njuries, 1976 njuries, Average TOTAL l 0 0,726 l,,68s:; 45

48 ACTONS OF PEDESTRANS CROSSNG NOT AT NTERSECTON 38 Killed 457 njured STANDNG N ROADWAY 4 Ki lled 69 nju red CROSSNG AT NTERSECTON 27 Ki lled 571 njured WORKNG N ROADWAY 0 Killed 39 njured /' WALKNG N ROAD WTH TRAFFC 6 Kil led 70 njured CJ f:s; PLAYNG N ROADWAY 1 Killed 25 nju red = WALKNG N ROAD AGANST TRAFFC 3 Killed 30 njured GETTNG ONOFF VEHCLE OR SCHOOL BUS 2 Ki lled 54 njured ALL OTHERS STATED 7 Killed 46 njured NOT STATED 32 Killed 365 njured 46

49 ACTONS OF PEDESTRANS, BY AGE, KLLED N CRASHES Total 65 Not Action Killed Over Stated Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Walking in road with traffic Walking in road against traffic Standing in road Entering or leaving vehicle Crossing to or from school bus Working on vehicle in roadway Working in roadway Playing in roadway Other in roadway Not in roadway Not stated TOTA L ACTONS OF PEDESTRANS, BY AGE, NJURED N CRASHES Total 65 Action njured Over Crossing at intersection Crossing not at intersection Walking in road with traffic Walking in road against traffic Standing in road Entering or leaving vehicle Crossing to or from school bus Working on vehicle in roadway Working in roadway Playing in roadway Other in roadway Not in roadway Not stated TOTAL 1,

50 Crashes nvolvi ng Bicycl es The increasing popularity of the bicycle as a means of transportation, method of exercise and source of pleasure has obviousjy contributed to an increase in the numbers of this vehicle type on the roadways and consequently has increased the chances for bicyclist involvement in motor vehicle crashes. n its product hazard list, the Consumer Product Safety Commission ranks the bicycle number one most hazardous in a list that includes nearly every product used in and around the house. Surveying hospital emergency rooms, the commission estimates some 460,000 bicyclerelated injuries in this country every year and most of those are not reported to pol ice as traffic accidents. n 1976, Minnesotans were involved in 1,217 bicycle crashes, a 6.5 percent decrease from Fortunately, the majority of these accidents produced injury rather than death with 21 bicyclists killed (an 8. 7 percent decrease from 1975) and another 1, 114 injured. Similar to the case with pedestrian crashes, the younger age groups contribute most to the total number of injuries and fatalities. The 5 to 19 year old age group accounted for 77 percent of the nonfatal injuries and 85 percent of the fatal injuries. This is to be expected since it's generally the younger age groups who predominately Jse bicycles for recreational and transportation purposes. The bicycle season normally occurs in Minnesota between May and October, but in 1976 there was one fatality each in the peripheral months of March and October. The most dangerous months were August with 5 fatalities and April and September with 4 each. Fridays ranked highest in bicyclist injuries with 184, fol lowed closely by Tuesday ( 182) and Thursday ( 181 ). The late afternoon hours were by far the riskiest for bicyclists, since 34 percent of all accidents involving bicyclists occurred between 3 and 6 p.m. As is the case nationally, most bicycle crashes in Minnesota are caused by the bicyclist. Failure to obey signs and signals, swerving into traffic, failure to yield when entering traffic from a driveway or alley these are the principal errors of bicycle drivers. On the other hand, motorists are not free of blame. Many are unwilling to yield the right of way, and drinking drivers are often responsible as well. BCYCLE CRASHES, NOTE: A "Bicycle Crash" is a crash in which the first object that was struck by a motor vehicle was a bicyclist. 1,400 1, ,301 r 1,302 1,300,. 1 1,200 1,044 1,100 ' 1, n f7 L_ :; , 1,217...,, n, i, i, ', /,, i f 48

51 BCYCLSTS NJURED, ,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 CJ) w :::> c:: r 1,. 1,, ; ' n l Estimated nn i ] l BCYCLSTS KLLED, CJ) 25 w ::::i 20 LL == === LJ =.J = 21 i. n ' 21 = [ 14,..., 19 J r " n 1 ''' n r = n 1 1 : : : KLLED AND NJURED BCYCLSTS, BY AGE AND SEX AGE GROUP BCYCLSTS Kl LLED BCYCLSTS NJURED MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL Over Not Stated TOTA L ,114 49

52 Crashes nvolvi ng Motorcycles The motorcycle has evolved as an inexpensive, quick, sporty, energy efficient means of transportation. More and more people are purchasing these twowheeled motor vehicles each year and are using them daily as a means of transportation to and from work. This increasing usage coupled with the inherent vul nerabil ity of the motorcycle rider, has led to steadily increasing numbers of injuries and fatalities. With the recent passing of the helmet repeal law we may expect to experience another increase in Riders of motorcycles are without doubt the most endangered segment of the motorized population which commonly util izes the state's.roadways. Out of the 2,460 motorcycleinvolved crashes during 1976, only 22 percent were noninjury crashes. This compares to 77 percent of the crashes involving all other vehicle types. Of the 2,328 injuries sustained in motorcycleinvolved crashes, 1 1 percent were very serious (Type 'A') in nature. By comparison, in crashes inv9lving all other vehicle types, 38 percent of the injuries were of the very minor 'C' type, while less than 37 percent were serious or fatal. n essence, then, motorcycleinvolved crashes: 1) are more likely to be fatal; 2) are conducive to more serious injuries; 3) tend to be injurious to the motorcycle rider more often than not. REGSTERED MOTORCYCLES, U'J 120 w u 110 u LL O 80 (/') 0 z 70 :::> 'ti ;ru. 7Ul, r 1 u ! 50

53 MOTORCYCLES NVOLVED N ACCDENTS, ,500 2,400 2,300 2,200 2,100 2,000 1,900 t3 1,800...J u G 1,100 1, ,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 1, J,010 1, ,723,.., 1, n ,2.'711 f 7 l ' t, j! 1 l l i f r. FATALTES N MOTORCYCLE CRASHES, en <! <! 35 30,1!_ i , ' n 1 1 n l J 64 { l i j ' r. l l i 1 : J ;, : (9](6 51

54 NJURES N MOTORCYCLE CRASHES, r 2 2, 2, 1 2,0 1,901 a: 1,80 z 1,70 1,60 1,500 1,400 1,300 1,200 1,100 ' L 1 r , r ' r7 SEVERTY OF CRASHES f i j l'm.. 1 p@ NVOLVNG MOTORCYCLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES Crashes nvolving Crashes nvolving njuries in Crashes njuries in Crashes Motorcycles All Other Vehicle Types nvolving Motorcycles nvolving All Other Vehicle Types % 1,220 l,ltl!, un r7 ', 1 ' ' i SEVERTY OF NJURES NVOLVNG MOTORCYCLES % % l , % 2, % PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES TOTAL CRASHES 113, % ALL VEHCLES: 116,390 *NJURY TYPE A Visible signs of injury, bleeding wound, distorted member B Other visible injury such as bruises, abrasions, swelling C No visible injury, but complainj of pain or momentary unconsciousness 52.,u, NJURY C 15, %,,,,,,.., nnn, TOTAL NJURES 39, % ALL VEHCLES: 42,300

55 MOTORCYCLE ACCDENT SUMMARY, Motorcycle Accidents Total Motorcycleinvolved accidents 1,269 1,689 2,013 2,411 2,400 2,400 2,460 Fatal Motorcycleinvolved accidents Personal njury Motorcycleinvolved accidents 1,005 1,318 1,583 1,890 1,865 1,818 1,862 Killed in Motorcycleinvolved accidents Ki led on Motorcycles Motorcycle drivers! 3: Motorcycle pass Pedestrians killed in motorcycle accidents Bicyclists killed Others killed drivers pass. drivers 2 other cir., other cir., 2 l other pass. 1 other pass. njured in Motorcycleinvolved accidents 1,220 1,628 1,972 2,334 2,245 2,247 2,266 Pedestrians injured Bicyclists injured No. licensed operators N.A. 55,377 91, , ,138 N.A. N.A. No. registered motorcycles 11, , f50 103, , , , ,237 Rates Motorcycle injuries/motorcycle fatalities All injuries/all fatalities 39.o All motorcycle crashes/fatal motorcycle crashes All crashes/fatal crashes Fatalities per 1,000 registrations 0.60 o.! o.47 o njuries per 1,000 registrations Helmet Law May 1, 1968 Eye Protection and Lightson Law August 1, 1975 Helmet Law Repeal April 7,

56 Crashes nvolvi ng Trains RALROAD CROSS Although there is no reliable information available as to an increase or decrease in frequency of contact between trains FATALTES and motor vehicles, accurate information is available as to the outcome of crashes between these types of transportation There were 244 crashes involving railroad trains and motor vehicles in Twelve of these crashes were fatal, killing fourteen people. The totals and propor tions have remained much the same over the years with the chances for fatality always being considerably higher in crashes involving trains than in crashes involving other types of vehicles Railroad crossing fatalities have been steadily decreasing since 1970, and in they were at an all time low. However, prior to 1970 no pattern was discernable; approximately forty to fifty fatalities occurred annually with each new year bringing the chance of either an increase or a decrease

57 NUMBER OF TRAN CRASHES_, , ,uu \ ri \

58 Crashes n 1n Snowmo ii s Like the motorcycle, the snowmobile has entered the limelight in the past few years as a means of opening up Minnesota's great outdoors to larger and larger numbers of people. The upward trend in snowmobile registrations continued in 1976, bringing them up to 93,767, a 46.6 percent increase over Contrary to what would be expected with a substantial increase in the number of snowmobiles registered, the number of accidents involving snowmobiles dropped 60 percent, probably the result of insufficient snow this winter. Personal injury crashes decreased from 136 in 1975 to 50 in 1976, a 63 percent drop, and fatal crashes dropped 80 percent from 1975 to Correspondingly, the number of fatalities and injuries resulting from these snowmobile crashes declined sharply. Fatalities dropped 85 percent and injuries were reduced by 66 percent. Snowmobiles were less hazardous in 1976 than in 1975, in terms of the chances of being killed when involved in a collision. n 1975, a fatality resulted from one in every 24 crashes involving snowmobiles, but in 1976, this ratio was reduced to one fatality per 46 crashes. 56

59 SNOWMOBLE REGSTRATONS SSUED, ,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50, ,000 r "57,086,. 73,332 i tso, 68 38,046 ll.a at: JW 93,767 J _ 20,000 10,000. _! 1970! l l l _J SNOWMOBLE CRASHES, All CRASHES PERSONAL NJURY 92 CRASHES !:::::========,:::: /

60 TYPES OF CRASHES AND NUMBER KLLED AND NJURED Year All Crashes Fatal Crashes ,() 2 Personal Property 11 njury Damage Number Number Crashes Crashes Killed njured SEVERTY OF CRASHES NVOLVNG SNOWMOBLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES SEVERTY OF NJURES NVOLVNG SNOWMOBLES AND ALL OTHER MOTOR VEHCLES Crashes nvolving Snowmobiles 2 2o/c ,. 2...,_ FATAL.. CRASHES Crashes nvolving All Other Vehicle Types % njuries in Crashes nvolving Snowmobiles 3 4 0, 2 10 njuries in Crashes nvolving All Other Vehicle Types i.,. FATAL % NJU RY 54.3% 5 PERSONAL /...,_.,NJURY';,,1""' C RASHES 23.5% 66.1% 9 A...,_ NJURY*, % 26.4% 88, % /NJURY 43.5% 40 PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES %,/,1/,/,/,1/ 15, % 100% 92 TOTAL CRASHES ALL VEHCLES: 116, , % 11.9% 100% NJ U RY TOTAL NJURES ALL VEHCLES: 42,300 42, % 'NJURY TYPE A Visible signs of injury, bleeding wound, distorted member B Other visible injury such as bruises, abrasions, swelling C ' No visible injury, but complaint of pain or momentary unconsciousness 58

61 Crashes nvolvi ng School Buses Over the years school buses have generally tended to contribute very little to the state crash picture. n 1976, 599 school buses were involved in 597 crashes. One hundred eighteen collisions involving 119 school buses produced at least one nonfatal injury and 9 accidents involving 9 school buses resulted in 13 fatalities, none of which were occupants of the school bus. The statistics from 1967 through 1976 shed a favorable light upon the number of crashes involving school buses has generally gone up due to the increasing number of registered school buses and the additional licensed school bus drivers. School bus registrations increased 5½ percent over 1975 and the number of licensed school bus drivers increased by 4.9 percent. Partly as a result of the increased use of school buses and the additional miles they travel, the number of fatal school bus accidents increased sharply in 1976, from school bus as a mode of transportation; the 2 in 1975 to 9 in SCHOOL BUSES NVOLVED N CRASHES, SCHOOL BUSES N ALL CRASHES ' 154 SCHOOL BUSES N.,,,.,, l,_ PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES 148.,,,.,,, ', _ 104 j 103,,.. ' J rr' : f.. J j ' 12 b SCHOOL BUSES N FATAL CRASHES

62 oli a Acci nt ry The 1976 holiday picture is very revealing in terms of how holiday periods compare to nonholiday periods of equal lengths and identical days of the week. n examining the total number of accidents per holiday period, it's clear that all holiday periods except Thanksgiving, are safer than comparable nonholiday periods, although the accidents that did occur were more often fatal (especially those during the fair weather holidays). Summer weather is conducive to high speed traffic on clear roads and although good driving conditions may reduce the number of crashes, those that do occur are generally more serious due to the speed involved. n 1976, the winter holidays produced fewer crashes than similar nonholiday periods, and also produced fewer fatalities and injuries than their related nonholiday periods. The fact that only the winter holidays clearly displayed fewer fatalities and injuries than comparable nonholiday periods can be explained by the fact that winter weather conditions often result in slower traffic, thereby reducing the severe injuries which generally result from high speed collisions. n comparing 1976 holidays to the a age accident experience during the past 4 years, 1976 showed a decrease in the number of accidents during all holidays. Fatalities went downjor all but the Thanksgiving holiday, which increased from 3 fatalities in 1975 to 11 in 1976, although it appears that 1975 was an atypically low year. Thanksgiving injuries only increased 5.9 percent, while the total number of accidents decreased by 22 percent. 60

63 ACCDENT SUMMARY Year Hours Total Fatal Pl PD Killed njured MEMORAL DAY JULY TH , , LABOR DAY THANKSGVNG , , , , , , , , , CHRSTMAS , , , NEW , YEAR'S , ,

64 en N :c Fatal Total Personal Accidents Accidents njury njuries Fatalities Holiday Hours Holiday Average* Holiday Average* Accidents Holiday Average* Holiday Average* MEMORAL DAY 6 p.m., May , Mid. Mon., May 31 JULY 4 6 p.m., July 2 Mid. Mon., July , LABOR DAY 6 p.m., September , Mid. Mon., September 6 0 ā > <... >.. n U n 0 ffl n > a THANKSG VNG 6 p.m., November ,508 1, Mid. Sun., November 28 CHRSTMAS 6 p.m., December , Mid. Sun., December 26 NEW YEAR'S 6 p.m., Dec. 31, , Mid. Sun., Jan. 1, 1977 * Average number of accidents occurring during nonholiday periods of equal length on the same days of the week.

65 Teenage Driver Crash Facts Teenage drivers have been stereotyped as a bad risk, both by insurance companies and by older drivers with whom they share the highways and streets. To a certain degree, such typical appraisals of teenage drivers are correct. Taking many factors into consideration, however, teenage drivers deserve a closer look and fairer evaluation. Teenage drivers have always been disproportionately involved in motor vehicle crashes in relation to their actual representation in the licensed popu!ation. Although this phenomenon is not unusual (since it's true of most age groups) teenage drivers over the years have normally shown a larger disproportion than other age groups with the exception of the 20 tc 24 category, which exhibits a slightly higher disproportion. Over the last ten years, the period of 1967 to 1969 shows the highest accident involvement for teenage drivers as a group. During this period, involvement of teenage drivers in crashes reached a high of 16 out of every 100 drivers.. n 1970, teenage driver accident levels decreased and in the following years stabilized and remained at about 12 out of 100 teenage drivers involved in an accident through This figure rose slightly in 1975 and dropped back down to the normal level in 1976; 11 out of every 100 teen drivers were involved in a traffic accident. n comparison, during the same 10 year period of 1967 through 1976, an average of 7 out of 100 nonteenage drivers were involved in crashes. During 1973 and 1974 the number of non teenage drivers involved in accidents dropped to about 6 out of 100. n 1975, this figure crept back up to 7.6, but dropped back down to 7.0.in A fairly steady increase can be seen for icensed teenage drivers between 1967 and Licensed teenage drivers increased from 9.7 percent of the driving population in 1967 to 13.2 percent in 1976, an all time high. At the beginning of this ten year period teenagers were involved in 19 percent of al accidents, and in 1976 they were involved in only 19.4 percent of all accidents. Considering the increased number of licensed teenage drivers, this increased involvement is not significant. The number of nonteenage licensed drivers has also increased but their level of accident involvement has decreased. This may show that nonteenage drivers are more conscious of and more affected by safety programs and the energy conservation issue (less driving, less exposure, and reduction in speed). 63

66 TEENAGE CRASH NVOLVE MENT TOTAL ALL LCENSED DRVERS 2,335,000 Drivers TOTAL NJURED 41,491 Licensed Drivers over 19 years old 2,027, % TOTAL KLLED 809 D njured and Killed in Crashes nvolving Only Drivers Over 19 Years Old or With Age Not Stated D njured njured and Killed in Crashes nvolving Teenage Drivers Only and Killed in Crashes nvolving Both Teenagers and Older Drivers TEENAGE DRVNG RECORD TOTAL CRASHES 116,390 FATAL CRASHES 720 D Crashes PERSONAL NJURY CRASHES 27,409 nvolving Only Drivers Over 19 Years PROPERTY DAMAGE CRASHES 88,26 1 Old or With Age Not Stated Crashes nvolving Both Teenagers and Older Drivers Crashes nvolving A Teenage Driver Only 64

67 NUMBER AND PROPORTON OF LCENSED DRVERS BY AGE, Years Rate (teenage driver/ Year Teenage and Older all other drivers) ,700 1,723,300 1/ ,150 1,760,850 1/ ,000 1,798,000 1 / ,425 1,828,575 1 / ,750 1,814,250 1/ ,625 1,876,375 1/ ,650 1,911,350 1/ ,510 1,941,490 1 / ,260 1,975,740 1 / ,900 2,011, / ,481 2,027,519 1 /7 PERCENT OF TEENAGE AND OTHER* L.CENSED DRVERS NVOLVED N CRASHES, PERCENT OF LCENSED TEENAGE DRVERS a NVOLVED N 15 ALL CRASHES: w 10 w 0... PERCENT OF LCENSED 5 DRVERS OVER 19 YEARS OLD NVOLVED N ALL CRASHES: *Drivers with no age stated are not included 65

68 20 19 TEENAGE DRVERS AS A PERCENT OF ALL LCENSED DRVERS AND AS A PERCENT OF DRVERS N CRASHES, * TEENAG E PROPORTON OF ALL w w f f 12 w TEENAGE PROPORTON OF ALL LCENSED DRVERS teenage drivers in crashes in relation to their portion of al l icensed drivers. 9.7 l * Drivers with no age stated are not included FATAL CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY/ AGE OF DRVER ',\ f Teenage Driver Driver, 20 years and older \ \ \ J ' f \..., /\ J _... \ l' \ \ H Y \ '\ \ "" )\.,... > '\../ '\V ',_. ""' 1, 1, "' AM 0 g.. PM * Drivers whose ages are not stated are n:::t included. ALL CRASHES BY HOUR OF DAY/ AGE OF DRVER Teenage Oriver Driver, 20 years and older.i, r,,... / \ r \ \ \ /.,,. / 1,\...1 ' '\.,,,,, '" / "., ,._if H \ \ l \,4i... ' '.fl' \, ' ' ',_ "' AM N *Drivers whose ages are not stated are not included. PM, 66

69 r1 r1 rs st s The number of 18 to 29 year olds arrested for DW jumped sharply after the age of majority was lowered in June, 1973 and the percentage of young people testing at or above.10 percent BAC has shown a slight annual increase since then. n 1974, 83 pjrcent of the 1820 year olds tested had BAC's at or above.1 O; this percentage increased to 85 percent in 1975 and went back down to 83 percent in A total of 1,219 young people were arrested for DW in 1976, of whom 96 percent tested positive. There were 478 drivers killed in motor vehicle collisions in Blood alcohol concentration was determined for 289 (60.5%) of these drivers, with 64 percent testing positive and 83.2 percent of these at or above the.10 blood alcohol level declared illegal by Minnesota Statute. The drinking driver is a danger not only to himself but to all others sharing the road with him. During 1976, 31 percent of the 185 alcoholpositive drivers were involved in multivehicle crashes. An additional 64 percent were involved in single car "ranofftheroad" and "fixed object" type crashes. The largest number of positivetesting fatal cases occurred in May, July and September, with 11.3 percent, percent and 13 percent, respectively. The hours of midnight to 3 a.m. contributed 37.3 percent of all alcohol positive driver fatalities, while the hours of 6 to 9 p.m. and 9 p.m. to midnight contributed the next highest proportions at 13 and 17.9 percent, respectively. As usual, most alcoholrelated driver fatalities occurred on rural trunk highways ( 194) or county roads ( 155). Rural trunk highways contributed 41 percent of the positivetesting fatalities and county roads contributed another 35 percent. Since tests for blood alcohol concentration are only required for pedestrian fatalities, there are no statistics available on the alcohol impairment of pedestrians injured in motor vehicle crashes. Of the 120 pedestrians killed in 1976, 48.3 percent were tested for alcohol. Of these 58 alcohol tested fatalities, 25 had alcohol in their blood stream, with 22 testing at or above.10 percent BAC level. The two age groups most frequently impaired by alcohol were the 18 to 20 year olds and the 65 and over age group, comprising 20 percent and 16 percent, respectively, of the total number testing positive. The largest portion of pedestrian positivetesting fatal cases occurred during December (20%) and February ( 16%). The hours of 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. stand out as contributing the majority of the positivetesting fatalities (40%), with midnight to 3 a.m. producing an additional 36 percent of the positivetesting pedestrian fatalities. Pedestrian fatalities generally occurred on trunk highways, county roads, or city streets, with urban and rural trunk highways contributing the largest (and equal) proportions to the total number of positivetesting fatalities. Urban trunk highways, however, contributed nearly twice as many fatalities as the rural trunk highway. n 1976, there were 11,914 DW (driving while intoxicated) convictions in Minnesota, down 18 percent from Out of this group, 25.3 percent or 3,012 drivers were convicted for the second time or more. Repeat convictions begin to fall off quite sharply after the second conviction and there are very few people who survive or are caught and convicted five times or more (2.5 percent of the to'tal repeat convictions in 1976). Along with the decline in DW convictions, revocations under the implied consent law dropped 16 percent in 1976 down to 1,

70 ALCOHOLPOSTVE DRVER FATALTES NUMBER OF DRVER PERCENT OF DRVER TYPE OF CRASH FATALT ES FATALTES Multivehicle Collision % Ran Off the Road Collision With: Parked Vehicle Fixed Object Animal, Other Object, Bicycle Pedestrian Railroad Train Snowmobile Noncollision ncluding Overturned TOTALS % COMPARSON OF DRNKNG VS. NONDRNKNG DRVER FATALTES BY TME OF CRASH Negative 68 Mid. 3a.m. 3 a.m. o.a.m. 6 a.m. 9 a.r'n. 9 a.m. N 3 p.m. 6 p.m. noon 0 0 N 3 p.m. 6p.m. 9 p.m. 9 p.m. Mid.

71 ",a z " z % 1970 % 1971 % 1972 % 1973 % 1974 % % 1976 % G) C,a < ,024 1,031 1, people were killed in motor vehicle crashes drivers were killed fatally injured drivers were tested for alcohol of those tested had alcohol in their system (called positive cases) ffl,a n,..,.. r < of the positive cases were at or above the 0.10% level of intoxication CA C _ * * * ** 14.1 of the positive cases were male of the positive cases were female of the positive cases which tested 0.10% or higher occurred between midnight and 3 a.m. of the positive cases were between the ages of 16 and 24 of the 16 to 24yearolds testing positive were at or above 0.10% of the positive cases were under the legal drinking age.,.. ::a < *The age of majority was legally lowered to 18 years of age on June 1, * *The legal drinking age was raised to 19 years of age on September 1, C') c.o DRNKNG

72 NTOXCATON LEVEL OF DRVER FATALTES BY AGE Percent Blood Alcohol Concentration (%) Positive of Total Percent Total Total Tested in of All Age Killed Tested Positive Over Age Group Positive Up Unknown TOTALS NTOXCATON LEVEL OF DRVER FATALTES BY TME OF CRASH Blood Alcohol Concentration (%) Total Total Total Time Killed Tested Positive Over Mid. 3 a.m a.m. 6 a.m a.m. 9 a.m a.m. Noon Noon 3 p.m p.m. 6 p.m p.m. 9 p.m p.m. Mid Unknown TOTALS Percent of All Positive 37.3% 7.6% 3.2% 2.7% 3.8% 11.3% 13.0% 17.9% 3.2% 100.0% 70

73 DRVER FATALTES' LEVEL OF NT BY MONTH OF CRASH Total Total Total Month Killed Tested Positive Blood Alcohol Concentration (%) Over Percent of All Positive January February March April May June July August September October November December TOTALS DRVER FATALTES' LEVEL OF NTOXCAT BY ROAD CLASS OF CRASH Blood Alcohol Concentration (%) Total Total Total Road Class Killed Tested Positive Over NTERSTATE rural NTERSTATE urban TRUNK HWY rural TRUNK HWY urban % 5.9% 5.4% 9.2% 11.3% 2.2% 15.7% 10.8% 13.0% 10.8% 6.5% 6.5% 100.0% Percent of All Positive 1.1% 2.7% 41.1% 7.6% COUNTY ROAD % CTY STREET TOWNSHP ROAD TOTALS % 3.8% 100.0% 71

74 , , , , ,303 THE MPLl1ED C._ 11an , , CTONS, , , , , ,977, HGHWAY PATROL DW ARRESTS AND CONVCTONS, Number Number Percent Year Arrests Convictions Convictions ,710 3, ,045 2, ,832 3, ,722 3, ,534 2, ,410 1, ,860 1, ,640 1, ,535 1, ,384 1, REPEAT D CONVCT Second Conviction 983 1,162 1,316 Third Conviction Fourth Conviction Fifth Conviction Sixth Conviction Seventh Conviction Eighth Conviction Ninth Conviction Tenth Conviction Eleventh Conviction Twelfth Conviction Total Repeat Convictions 1,270 1,492 1,760 Total DW Convictions 7,431 8,471 8,634 Percent Repeat Convictions 17.1% 17.6% 20.4% 1,454 1,716 1,480 1,803 2,364 2, , ,915 2,267 2,094 2,589 3,382 3,012 9,687 11,303 13,047 13,325 13,731 11, % 20.1% 16.0% 19.4% 24.6% 25.3% 72

75 BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS N 1976 ( BLOOD SAMPLES ANALYZED STATEWDE DW ARRESTS, BY AGE BY STATE LABORATORY) % Blood Alcohol Concentration (%) of Age Total Total Total Group Age Tested Negative Over Positive Positive % of Total Testing Positive Not stated < , , , , , , TOTALS 7, ,190 4, ,950 96% 89% 96% 97% 98% 98% 98% 95% 96% 97% 11 % 4% 17% 18% 21% 12% 10% 5% 2% 100% BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVELS N STATEWDE DW ARRESTS, STATE LABORATORY) (SAMPLES ANALYZED BY Blood Blood Blood Breath* Blood Breath Blood Breath Negative ,725 1,019 3,642 1,146 3, ,653 1,985 1,830 4,048 2,021 4,715 2,17 5 4, ,063 1,422 1,660 2,548 1,847 2,746 1,861 2, ver Total Samples Submitted 4,303 5,425 5,719 11,583 6,433 13,459 6,697 12,074 Total Samples with llegal BAC 3,856 4,915 5,142 10,367 5,827 12,183 6,063 10,927 *Breathalyzer samp1es were not available prior to Blood ,19 0 2,391 1, ,178 6,464 Breath ,416 4,442 2, ,769 11,449 73

76 DRNKNG PEDESTRAN FACTS, % 1971 % 1972 % 1973 % 1974 % 1975 % 1976 % Pedestrians were killed in motor vehicle crashes* fatally injured pedestrians were tested for alcohol of those tested had alcohol in their system (called positive cases) of the positive cases were at or above the 0.10% level of intoxication of the positive cases were 65 or older ** ** ** 3.8 7*** 28.0 of the positive cases were under the legal drinking age * ncludes pedestrians killed in all types of motor vehicle crashes, including those in which the pedestrian was hit subsequent to the initial accident. **The age of majority was legally lowered to 18 years of age on June 1, ***The legal drinking age was raised to 19 years of age on September 1,

77 NTOXCATON LEVELS OF PEDESTRAN FATALTES BY AGE Percent of Blood Alcohol Concentration (%) Age Group Percent of Total Total Total Total Testing Al Positive Age Killed Tested Negative Over Positive Positive Cases % 4.0% % 8.0% % 20.1% % 4.0% % 8.0% % 4.0% % 0.0% % 8.0% % 0.0% % 8.0% % 12.0% % 4.0% 65Up % 16.0% Unknown % 4.0% TOTALS % 100.0% NTOXCATON NCDENCE OF PEDESTRAN FATALTES BY TME OF CRASH Percent of Total Total Total Total Testing Time Killed Tested Positive Positive Midnight 3 a.m % 3 a.m. 6 a.m % 6 a.m. 9 a.m % 9 a.m. Noon % Noon 3 p.m % 3 p.m. 6 p.m % 6 p.m. 9 p.m % 9 p.m. Midnight Unknown % TOTAL '100.0% 75