SETUP AND OPERATIONAL COST ANALYSIS OF 1 HORSE POWER RATED SPLIT UNIT INVERTER AND NON INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER FOR HOME USAGE IN MALAYSIA

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1 Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ISSN Research Article Special Issue Available online at SETUP AND OPERATIONAL COST ANALYSIS OF 1 HORSE POWER RATED SPLIT UNIT INVERTER AND NON INVERTER AIR CONDITIONER FOR HOME USAGE IN MALAYSIA M. F. M. Mazelan *, M. A. Ariffin and S. N. A. Aznam Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bukit Besi, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia Published online: 7 March 2018 ABSTRACT Inverter type air conditioner that has been introduced in Malaysian market in recent years, giving an option between the new technology and previous technology which is non-inverter type air conditioner. However, unit price different between them sometime become an obstacle in order to opted for the latest technology. In this article, setup and operational cost analysis has been done with 10 models of 1 horse power rated air conditioners, 7 of them are inverter type air conditioner while only 3 of them are non-inverter type air conditioner. Comparison between inverter and non-inverter type air conditioner has been done with 3 brands of air conditioner. Break-even points for all three brands are less than 1.5 years. In addition, comparison between 7 models of inverter type and 3 model of non-inverter type air conditioner to find out which model is more economical in their segment has been done. Keywords: air conditioner; inverter; non-inverter; cost analysis. Author Correspondence, faizmazelan@tganu.uitm.edu.my doi: Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Libraries Resource Directory. We are listed under Research Associations category.

2 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW According to (1), function of air conditioning system is to maintain set temperature by cooling when room temperature increase above the set temperature and heating when the room temperature decrease below the set temperature. Inverter type air conditioning system used less energy to operate compared to non-inverter type air conditioning system. It is because for non-inverter type air conditioners, motor speed will remains constant at full speed and temperature is adjusted by turning the motor on and off while for inverter type air conditioners, temperature is adjusted by changing motor speed without turning the motor on and off [1]. By opting to use inverter type air conditioner, since we can save more energy, we can also can do saving in term of operational cost and bill payment. This is parallel to Malaysian government energy efficiency policy that has been discuss by [2-4]. Although it is clear that inverter type air conditioner used less energy compared to non-inverter type air conditioner, setup cost of inverter type air conditioner are significantly higher compared to non-inverter type air conditioner due to higher price per unit in market for the time being. This statement is supported by price that has been quoted in [5-6]. 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1. Market Survey Market survey has been done to identify 1 horse power rated air conditioner that are available in Malaysia. This survey covers on the price per unit of air conditioner, installation cost and service cost. In order to be fair with the price, price used in this article for air conditioner unit were only taken in one of the biggest mass merchandise outlet in Malaysia which covers almost all states in Malaysia. Since some of the outlet did not have their own authorize installer, so any discount related to installation is not counted in this article Total Operational Cost Analysis Total cost analysis has been carried out in order to find, which model offer the best solution for total operation time of 5 years. Total operation time of 5 years has been chosen since full warranty (parts and labor) for air conditioner unit in Malaysian market can be extended up to 5 years. Comparison between same brands (Sharp, Toshiba, Beko, etc.) and same type (inverter and non-inverter type) has been done.

3 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), In order to estimate electricity usage of each model, data on average energy consumption of each model and electricity tariff for home usage in Malaysia has been identified. Average energy consumption per year of each model can be identified from energy efficiency label as mention by [2-7]. Fig.1. Energy efficiency label in Malaysia [7] Data on electricity tariff for home usage that has been quoted by Tenaga National Berhad (TNB) are as in Fig. 2. Fig.2. Electricity tariff for home usage in Malaysia [8]

4 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Market Survey Tabulated in Table 1 are data on inverter type air conditioner that are covered in analysis in this article. Table 1. Inverter type air conditioner No. Brand Model Unit Average Installation Service Price + 5 Energy Cost Cost Per Years Usage Year Warranty Per Year (kwh) 1 Sharp SHP-AHX9UED Samsung SAM-AR09MVFHJ Panasonic PSN-CSS10TKH LG LG-BSQ096J3A Hitachi HTC-RASSX10CD Toshiba TSB-RASH10BKCV Beko BKO-BMLX Tabulated in Table 2 are data on non-inverter type air conditioners that are covered in analysis in this article. Table 2. Non-inverter type air conditioner No. Brand Model Unit Average Installation Service Price + 5 Energy Cost Cost Per Years Usage Per Year Warranty Year (kwh) 1 Sharp SHP-AHA9UCD Toshiba TSB-RASH10S3KS Beko BKO-BMLE

5 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Total Operational Cost Analysis For calculation of bill payment per year, it is assume that tariff of MYR0.516/kWh have to be used. It is because we have to assume that the first 300kWh/month is used for other appliances. Table 3 and Table 4 show total setup cost (once only) and operational cost per year for each model of air conditioner. Table 3. Setup cost and operational cost of inverter type air conditioner No. Brand Model Setup Cost Operational Cost Per Year Total Cost For 5 Years Operation 1 Sharp SHP-AHX9UED Samsung SAM-AR09MVFHJ Panasonic PSN-CSS10TKH LG LG-BSQ096J3A Hitachi HTC-RASSX10CD Toshiba TSB-RASH10BKCV Beko BKO-BMLX Table 4. Setup cost and operational cost of non-inverter type air conditioner No. Brand Model Setup Cost Operational Cost Per Year Total Cost For 5 Years Operation 1 Sharp SHP-AHA9UCD Toshiba TSB-RASH10S3KS Beko BKO-BMLE Comparison by Brand between Inverter and Non-Inverter Type Air Conditioner In the Malaysian market, there are many more brands that sell inverter and non-inverter type air conditioner at the same time. However, this article only covers comparison for 3 brands only which are Sharp, Toshiba and Beko.

6 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Fig. 3 shows comparison between Sharp SHP-AHX9UED representing inverter type air conditioner and Sharp SHP-AHA9UCD representing non-inverter type air conditioner. After 5 years of operation, Sharp inverter type air conditioner shows significant saving compare to non- inverter type air conditioner. The saving is expected to be around MYR for 5 years of usage and it only takes nearly 1 year to break even. Fig.3. Total operation cost of Sharp air conditioner Fig.4. Total operation cost of Toshiba air conditioner Fig. 4 indicates comparison between Toshiba TSB-RASH10BKCV representing inverter type air conditioner and Toshiba TSB-RASH10S3KS representing non-inverter type air conditioner. After 5 years of operation, Just like Sharp, Toshiba inverter type air conditioner also shows significant saving compare to non-inverter type air conditioner. The expected saving is around

7 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), MYR in 5 years. The break-even point is expected to be in less than 1 year and after 1 year of usage, Toshiba inverter type air conditioner already show some saving compared to non-inverter type air conditioner by around MYR Fig.5. Total operation cost of Beko air conditioner Fig. 5 reveals comparison between Beko BKO-BMLX090 representing inverter type air conditioner and Beko BKO-BMLE090 representing non-inverter type air conditioner. After 5 years of operation, it also shows the same trend as Sharp and Toshiba which Beko inverter type air conditioner is more save compare to non-inverter type air conditioner. The saving is expected around MYR in 5 years with average of MYR per year. Beko BKO-BMLX090 takes slightly more than 1 year to break even compared to Beko BKO-BMLE Comparison of Models of Inverter Type Air Conditioner In previous section, since it is proven that inverter type air conditioner is much more economical compared to non-inverter type air conditioner, analysis also has been done in order to find which model between inverter type air conditioner is more economical.

8 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Fig.6. Total operation cost of inverter type air conditioner Fig. 6 shows comparison of all inverter type air conditioner that has been tabulated in Table 3. There 7 models that covers in this analysis. Referring to Fig. 6 and Table 3, Beko BKO-BMLX090 shows the lowest total operational cost after 5 years of operation, followed by LG LG-BSQ096J3A0, Toshiba TSB-RASH10BKCV, Panasonic PSN-CSS10TKH, Sharp SHP-AHX9UED, Samsung SAM-AR09MVFHJ and Hitachi HTC-RASSX10CD. The difference between highest and lowest operational cost for 5 years operation is around MYR597.94, average of MYR9.97 per month. Although Beko BKO-BMLX090 is expected to do the highest saving in 5 years, it is not much difference compared to LG LG-BSQ096J3A0 which is only MYR3.62 in 5 years. The next competitor of Beko BKO-BMLX090 which is Panasonic PSN-CSS10TKH also is not much way behind with only MYR161 for 5 years, average of only MYR32.2/year Comparison of Models of Non-Inverter Type Air Conditioner Although it is proven that inverter type air conditioner is much more economical in medium and long term usage compared to non-inverter type air conditioner, this comparison still need to be done since this segment of air conditioner still have their own market target because of its lower setup cost.

9 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Fig.7. Total operation cost of non-inverter type air conditioner Fig. 7 indicates comparison of all non-inverter type air conditioner that has been tabulated in Table 4. There are only 3 models that cover in this analysis which are Sharp SHP-AHA9UCD, Toshiba TSB-RASH10S3KS and Beko BKO-BMLE090. From the analysis, it is shown that Beko BKO-BMLE090 leads with the lowest operational cost for 5 years operation, followed by Sharp SHP-AHA9UCD and Toshiba TSB-RASH10S3KS. The difference between highest and lowest operational cost for 5 years operation is around MYR for 5 years operation with average of MYR89.71 per year. 4. CONCLUSION In this article, analysis has been done with 10 models of 1 horse power rated air conditioners, 7 of them are inverter type air conditioner while only 3 of them are non-inverter type air conditioner. For inverter type air conditioner segment, the lowest total operational cost for 5 years operation comes from Beko BKO-BMLX090 while Hitachi HTC-RASSX10CD operates at the highest cost. For non-inverter type air conditioning segment, Beko BKO-BMLE090 leads with the lowest operational cost for 5 years operation, followed by Sharp SHP-AHA9UCD and Toshiba TSB-RASH10S3KS. Saving in term of total operational cost by opting to use inverter type air conditioners is very significant. With 3 brands that has been compared between inverter and non-inverter type air conditioner, all the brands shows that spending more money during setup of inverter type air conditioners will leads to saving

10 M. F. M. Mazelan et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), and will start having less total operational cost compared to non-inverter type air conditioner in less than 1.5 years operation. 6. REFERENCES [1] Daikin. Inverter: For energy saving. 2018, [2] Oh T H, Hasanuzzaman M, Selvaraj J, Teo S C, Chua S C. Energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia: Issues and challenges for sustainable growth-an update. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 81: [3] Ong H C, Mahlia T M, Masjuki H H. A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(1): [4] Oh T H, Pang S Y, Chua S C. Energy policy and alternative energy in Malaysia: Issues and challenges for sustainable growth. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, 14(4): [5] Lazada. Air conditioner. 2018, Zf1U [6] Senheng. Wall mount. onditioners.html [7] Tenaga National Berhad (TNB). Energy savings at home. 2018, [8] Tenaga National Berhad (TNB). Pricing and tariffs. 2018, How to cite this article: Mazelan, M F M, Ariffin M A, Aznam S N A. Setup and operational cost analysis of 1 horse power rated split unit inverter and non inverter air conditioner for home usage in malaysia. J. Fundam. Appl. Sci., 2018, 10(6S),