NADA MANAGEMENT SERIES. A DEALER GUIDE TO Fuel Economy Advertising THIRSTY FOR ADVENTURE. NOT GAS. New Hybrid Hillclimber
|
|
- Kellie Day
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Driven NADA MANAGEMENT SERIES L14 A DEALER GUIDE TO Fuel Economy Advertising THIRSTY FOR ADVENTURE. NOT GAS. New Hybrid Hillclimber EPA ESTIMATE 30 MPG HIGHWAY 28 MPG CITY
2 NADA has prepared this Driven guide to help its members comply with the FTC s fuel economy advertising guidelines. This guide is offered for informational purposes. It does not contain, and is not intended as, legal advice. NADA Regulatory Affairs is available to answer questions regarding the fuel economy advertising guidelines; however, dealers seeking legal advice should discuss these provisions (and other federal and state laws) with their legal advisors. The presentation of this information is not intended to encourage concerted action among competitors or any other action on the part of dealers that would in any manner fix or stabilize the price or any element of the price of any good or service. L14 2 NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Stepping Up Foot Traffic
3 Driven a dealer guide to Fuel Economy Advertising TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary Purpose and Background Qualifications and Disclosures... 2 Key Definitions General Fuel Economy Claims General Driving Range Claims Matching EPA Estimates to Claims Fuel Economy and Driving Range Estimates... 5 Disclosing EPA as the Information Source Unless Non-EPA Estimates are Provided Driving Modes for Fuel Economy Estimates... 6 Within Vehicle Class Comparisons Comparing Different Model Types Up To Claims Claims for Flexible-Fueled Vehicles NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Fuel Economy Advertising
4 a dealer guide to Fuel Economy Advertising Executive Summary To assist dealers and manufacturers in avoiding deceptive advertising practices relating to fuel economy and driving range, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has updated its Guide Concerning Fuel Economy Advertising for New Automobiles. The FTC's updated Guide reflects revisions in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fuel economy labeling and incorporates alternative fuel advertising guidance. The revised Guide states that it is deceptive to misrepresent, directly or by implication, the fuel economy or driving range of an automobile and makes suggestions as to how to advertise fuel economy without being deceptive. This Driven guide reviews the FTC s recommended disclosures for ads making fuel economy and driving range claims, and presents examples of deceptive ads. Discussed are the necessity to stress that EPA estimates are not guarantees, to match EPA estimates given in ads to the relevant driving mode (city, highway or combined), and to disclose the source of fuel economy and range information, whether EPA (preferred) or otherwise. Advertisements should also make only apples-to apples comparisons, avoid up to claims, and clearly identify the fuel type used for claims involving flexible-fueled vehicles. 31 MPG CITY PER EPA ESTIMATE 1 NADA Management Series: Driven A A Dealer Guide to to Fuel Warranty Economy Administration Advertising
5 Purpose and Background Since the mid-1980s, the FTC Guide Concerning Fuel Economy Advertising for New Automobiles (the Guide) (16 CFR Part 259) has provided administrative interpretations on how the unfair and deceptive restrictions in Section 5 of the FTC Act (15 USC 45) apply to the use of fuel economy information in new automobile advertising. The Guide applies to new automobiles and to all media, but it does not purport to cover every possible use of fuel economy in advertising. In September 2017, the FTC revised its Guide to comport with the EPA/NHTSA Motor Vehicle Fuel Economy Label mandates (as revised in 2011), and the FTC Labeling Requirements For Alternative Fuels And Alternative Fueled Vehicles (as revised in 2013). The revised Guide makes it clear that it is deceptive to misrepresent, directly or by implication, the fuel economy or driving range of an automobile. In 2011, the fuel economy labels required for certain automobiles were revised to enhance the ability of consumers to make fuel economy and emissions comparisons between vehicles with both similar and different fuels and powertrain technologies. Automakers almost always include this fuel economy and emissions information on the vehicle Monroney (pricing) labels attached to automobiles prior to shipment. The Monroney law requires that dealers see that those labels stay attached until automobiles are delivered to first purchasers. For more information on the EPA/NHTSA fuel economy labels, click here. Qualifications and Disclosures To prevent deception, qualifications and disclosures made in fuel economy ads should be clear, prominent, and understandable. They should be in plain language and in sufficiently large type, and should be placed near and in the same format as the claims they pertain to. Avoid inconsistent statements and distracting elements that could undercut or contradict disclosures. For example, if in a television ad a fuel economy claim appears in the video, the disclosure should appear in the video, but if a claim is made in the audio, the disclosure should be in the audio. Monroney labels should not be removed from vehicles before they are delivered to first purchasers. 2 NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Fuel Economy Advertising
6 Key Definitions The terms below are found in the FTC s Guide. Automobile Any new passenger automobile, medium-duty passenger vehicle, or light truck for which a fuel economy label is required, the equitable or legal title to which has never been transferred by a manufacturer, distributor, or dealer to an ultimate purchaser or lessee. Vehicle and car have the same meaning as automobile. EPA driving range estimate The EPA estimate of the miles a vehicle will travel between refueling. Fuel Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles; electricity for electrically-powered automobiles; alcohol for alcoholpowered automobiles; natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles; or any other fuel type used in a vehicle required to have a fuel economy label. Dealer A person located in the United States or any territory thereof engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to ultimate purchasers. EPA fuel economy estimate The average number of miles traveled by an automobile per volume of fuel consumed (i.e., miles-per-gallon or mpg rating). Manufacturer A person engaged in the manufacturing or assembling of new automobiles, including a person importing new automobiles for resale, and a person who acts for, and is under the control of, such manufacturer, assembler, or importer in connection with the distribution of new automobiles. EPA city fuel economy estimate The city fuel economy determined by EPA s city test procedure. EPA highway fuel economy estimate The highway fuel economy determined in accordance with EPA s highway test procedures. Model type A unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class. EPA combined fuel economy estimate. The EPA fuel economy value determined for a vehicle by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Flexible-fueled vehicle A motor vehicle or engine engineered and designed to be operated on any mixture of two or more different fuels. Ultimate purchaser or lessee The first person, other than a dealer purchasing in its capacity as a dealer, who in good faith purchases a new automobile for purposes other than resale or leases such vehicle for personal use. 3 NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Fuel Economy Advertising
7 General Fuel Economy Claims General fuel economy claims that do not reference specific fuel economy estimates may convey a wide range of meanings about an automobile s fuel economy relative to other automobiles. They can mislead consumers about the vehicle class involved, and the extent to which an advertised automobile s fuel economy differs from other models. General fuel economy claims should disclose the automobile s estimated fuel economy using EPA mpg ratings. General Driving Range Claims Driving range claims that do not reference a specific estimate are hard to interpret and can convey a wide range of meanings about a vehicle s range relative to other vehicles. Such claims can mislead consumers about the vehicle class involved and the extent to which a vehicle s driving range differs from other model types. To avoid deception, such ads should disclose the vehicle s EPA driving range estimate. 1 An ad states, This vehicle gets great mileage. This claim likely conveys that the vehicle has a better mpg rating than most or all other new vehicles. If its EPA fuel economy estimates are only slightly better than the average new vehicle, its ratings are not better than most or all new vehicles and the advertisement is deceptive. To avoid deception, the ad should disclose the vehicle s EPA fuel economy estimate (e.g., EPA-estimated 27 combined mpg ). 2 An ad states, This car gets great gas mileage compared to other compact cars. The claim likely conveys that the car gets better gas mileage than most or all other compact cars, even if its EPA fuel economy estimates are only slightly better than average compared to other new models in its class. Since its ratings are not better than most or all other compact cars, the advertisement is deceptive. To avoid deception, the ad should disclose the car s EPA fuel economy estimate. An ad states, This electric car has a great driving range. This claim likely conveys a variety of meanings, including that the car has a better driving range than most or all other electric cars. If the EPA driving range estimate for the car is only slightly better than roughly half of all other new electric cars, the ad is deceptive. To avoid deception, the ad should disclose the car s EPA driving range estimate (e.g., EPA-estimated range of 70 miles per charge ). Matching EPA Estimates to Claims EPA fuel economy estimates should match the driving mode claimed to avoid any confusion between the stated fuel economy estimate and the type of driving. Thus, ads with city or highway fuel economy claims should disclose EPA city or highway fuel economy estimates, and ads with both city and highway fuel economy claims should disclose both EPA city and highway fuel economy ratings. Ads making general fuel economy claims that do not reference city or highway driving should either disclose EPA combined fuel economy estimates, or disclose both EPA city and highway fuel economy estimates. 4 NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Fuel Economy Advertising
8 1 An ad states that Model XYZ gets great gas mileage in town. It does not disclose the EPA city fuel economy estimate, but rather the higher EPA highway fuel economy estimate. This claim likely conveys that the highway estimate applies to city driving and thus is deceptive. To avoid deception, it should disclose the EPA city fuel economy estimate (e.g., 32 mpg in the city per the EPA estimate ). 2 An ad states, Model XZA gives you great gas mileage but lists only the EPA highway fuel economy estimate. Since this is a general fuel economy claim that does not refer to a specific driving type, it is inconsistent with the disclosed EPA highway estimate, and the ad is deceptive. To avoid deception, it should disclose the EPA combined estimate (e.g., 37 mpg for combined driving per the EPA estimate ), or both EPA city and highway fuel economy estimates. 3 An ad states, Based on EPA estimates, new cars in this class are rated at between 20 and 32 mpg, while the EPA estimate for this car is an impressive 35 mpg highway. Since the claim likely implies that the 20 to 32 mpg range and 35 mpg estimate are comparable, when in fact the 20 and 32 mpg range reflects EPA city estimates, the ad is deceptive. Ads should make only apples-to-apples comparisons using either the EPA highway range for the class, or the city estimate for the vehicle. Fuel Economy and Driving Range Estimates Ads citing EPA fuel economy or driving range should stress that they are estimates. Otherwise, consumers may incorrectly assume that they will achieve the mileage or range stated in the ad. Of course, the actual mileage or range achieved will vary based on driving conditions, driving habits, vehicle maintenance, etc. To avoid deception, ads should state that the values are EPA estimates, or use similar language to indicate that drivers may not achieve the stated mpg rating or driving range in realworld conditions. A website states simply that, This car gets 40 mpg on the highway. The claim likely conveys to many consumers that they will achieve 40 mpg when driving the car on the highway. The claim in the ad is based on EPA s highway estimate, but fails to note that it is for comparison purposes, and does not necessarily reflect real-world driving results. Thus, the claim is deceptive. Also, use of the term gets may lead consumers to believe that they will consistently achieve the stated mileage. To avoid deception, such ads should note that EPA s mpg estimates are for comparison purposes only. Disclosing EPA as the Information Source Unless Non-EPA Estimates are Provided Since EPA s fuel economy estimates have been around for decades, advertising non-epa fuel economy and driving range estimates can lead to deception. Accordingly, it is best to advertise only EPA fuel economy or driving range estimates. By citing EPA as the source of fuel economy or driving range estimates, ads encourage consumers to make comparisons to the EPA estimates for the other models they are considering. Doing so also helps prevent deception by ensuring that consumers do not associate EPA estimates with those of other fuel economy information sources. The FTC suggests that ads making claims based on non-epa estimates state that they are based on non- EPA tests, should indicate the source of those tests, should give comparable EPA estimates, and should note all driving conditions and vehicle configurations that differ from those used in comparable EPA tests (e.g., road vs. dynamometer testing, average speed, speed range, hot or cold start, temperature, design or equipment). In television ads, EPA estimates should be twice as large and should remain on screen for at least as long as non-epa estimates. Audio ads should give equal prominence to EPA estimates. For example, EPA-estimated city and/or highway mpg should be stated before or after each non-epa estimate in a manner that is at least as audible. In print, Internet, and television ads, EPA estimates should be in clearly legible type that is at least twice as large as that for non-epa estimates, and should appear against a solid, contrasting background. Do not place EPA estimates in a footnote unless all estimates are in the footnote. 5 NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Fuel Economy Advertising
9 1 A radio ad states that a car is rated at an estimated 28 mpg in the city but fails to cite EPA as the source. To avoid deception, the ad should state whether the mpg estimate is from EPA or a non-epa source. An ad states that a vehicle is rated at 25 miles-pergallon per the EPA estimate but fails to note if it is a highway, city or combined estimate. Since the claim likely conveys that the 25 mpg estimate is for combined city and highway driving, not the highway rating it represents, it is deceptive. 2 An Internet ad states that Independent driving experts took the QXT car for a weekend spin and managed to get 55 miles-per-gallon under a variety of driving conditions. It does not disclose EPA fuel economy estimates, but suggests that the 55 mpg figure is the same or comparable to an EPA estimate. It is deceptive because it fails to disclose whether the estimate is based on a non-epa test, the test source, the QXT s EPA fuel economy estimates, and all driving conditions or vehicle configurations simulated by the non-epa test that differ from those used by EPA. 3 An ad states, The XZY electric car has a driving range of 110 miles per charge in summer conditions per our expert s test. Since it provides no additional driving range information, it likely conveys that the 110-mile driving range figure is an EPA driving range estimate. It is deceptive since it fails to clearly state that the test is not EPA s, to provide the EPA-estimated driving range, and to explain how conditions referred to in the ad differed from those in EPA tests. Thus, consumers are likely to confuse the claim with EPA range estimates. Within Vehicle Class Comparisons An ad that compares the fuel economy of an automobile to a group or class and not to all automobiles should identify the group or class used in the comparison. Otherwise, consumers could assume that the new automobile is being compared to all new automobiles. An ad claims that a sports car outpaces other cars gas mileage. The claim likely conveys that the sports car has a higher mpg rating than most or all new cars. If the car s mpg rating compares favorably to other sports cars, but is only better than half of all new cars, the claim is deceptive. Comparing Different Model Types EPA assigns fuel economy estimates to specific model types (i.e., unique combinations of car line, basic engine, and transmission class). Thus, ads citing mpg ratings for certain model types should ensure that those ratings apply to the model type depicted. It is deceptive to state or imply that an estimate applies to a vehicle featured in an ad if the estimate does not apply to that model type. Driving Modes for Fuel Economy Estimates Ads citing an EPA fuel economy estimate should identify the associated driving type (i.e., city, highway or combined mpg) so as not to potentially deceive consumers who may incorrectly assume that the claim applies to a different driving type. An ad states that the PDQ gets great gas mileage but depicts the mpg numbers for the Econo-PDQ. The ad likely conveys that the claimed mpg rating applies to all PDQ model types, but since the Econo-PDQ has a better fuel economy rating than other PDQs, the ad is deceptive. 6 NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Fuel Economy Advertising
10 Up To Claims Ads should avoid using up to without indicating that certain versions of an automobile (i.e., model types) are rated at a stated fuel economy estimate. Up to claims likely suggest that the stated mpg can be achieved if a vehicle is driven under certain conditions. To avoid deception, up to claims should be qualified by a clear and prominent disclosure that the mpg applies to a specific model type. An ad states that a VXR will achieve up to 40 mpg on the highway. The claim is based on an efficient type of VXR with specific options. Other VXR model types have lower EPA mpg estimates. Since the up to claim likely can be interpreted as applying to all VXR model types, the ad is deceptive. To avoid deception, the ad should clearly and prominently disclose that the 40-mpg rating does not apply to all VXR model types, or use language other than up to to better state the claim. Claims for Flexible-Fueled Vehicles Ads for flexible-fueled vehicles (other than plug-in hybrid electrics) that note flexible-fuel capability and make a fuel economy claim should clearly and prominently identify the fuel type used. Otherwise, consumers could assume that the stated fuel economy estimate applies to both fuels. An ad states, This flex-fuel powerhouse has a 30-mpg highway rating per the EPA estimate. The ad likely implies that the 30-mpg rating applies to the vehicle s operation on both gasoline and ethanol, when in fact the EPA highway estimate when operating on ethanol is 25 mpg. Thus, the ad is deceptive. To avoid deception, the ad should clearly and prominently qualify the claim, or state the mpg ratings for both fuels. Questions on the FTC s Fuel Economy Advertising Guide may be directed to regulatoryaffairs@nada.org or NADA Management Series: Driven A Dealer Guide to Fuel Economy Advertising
11 Acknowledgments This guide was prepared for NADA by: Douglas Greenhaus NADA Chief Regulatory Counsel, Environment, Health and Safety
12 National Automobile Dealers Association 8400 Westpark Drive Tysons, VA nada.org NADA All rights reserved.
Maryland Lemon Law Statute. For Free Maryland Lemon Law Help Click Here
Maryland Lemon Law Statute For Free Maryland Lemon Law Help Click Here Sections 14-1501 14-1504 of the Commercial Law Articles 14-1501. Definitions In general. -- In this subtitle the following words have
More informationBy the Book: How to Offer E15
By the Book: How to Offer E15 In 2012, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved the use of E15 fuels in 2001 and later model year vehicles and all flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs). EPA has specifically
More informationTennessee Requirement for a Stamped VIN on Trailers
Tennessee Requirement for a Stamped VIN on Trailers December 7, 2007 Question: Answer: Whether Tennessee law required the vehicle identification number (VIN) be permanently stamped on the metal tongue
More informationCriteria. As background, the US Environmental Protection Agency s Green Vehicle Guide states that:
GREEN COMMUNITIES Fuel efficient 4 Vehicles GRANT PROGRAM GUIDANCE Criteria INTRODUCTION Criteria Four of the Green Communities Program states that communities must purchase only fuel-efficient vehicles
More informationIMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 2.2 ENGINE
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 2015 2016 3.0L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 2.2 ENGINE Contents About this Booklet... 1 Overview... 2 Software and Hardware Updates... 3 Changes in Maintenance Schedule...5
More informationNortheast Autonomous and Connected Vehicle Summit
Northeast Autonomous and Connected Vehicle Summit June 12, 2018 Cathie Curtis, Director, Vehicle Programs AAMVA 1 1 Founded in 1933, the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) represents
More informationON-ROAD FUEL ECONOMY OF VEHICLES
SWT-2017-5 MARCH 2017 ON-ROAD FUEL ECONOMY OF VEHICLES IN THE UNITED STATES: 1923-2015 MICHAEL SIVAK BRANDON SCHOETTLE SUSTAINABLE WORLDWIDE TRANSPORTATION ON-ROAD FUEL ECONOMY OF VEHICLES IN THE UNITED
More informationExecutive Summary. Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 through EPA420-S and Air Quality July 2006
Office of Transportation EPA420-S-06-003 and Air Quality July 2006 Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 through 2006 Executive Summary EPA420-S-06-003 July 2006 Light-Duty Automotive
More informationThe Automotive Industry
WLTP AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY GUIDE WLTP GUIDANCE FOR The Automotive Industry NEDC WLTP Executive Summary The purpose of this guide is to provide an overview of WLTP and its transition into UK policy and consumer
More informationRegulatory Treatment Of Recoating Costs
Regulatory Treatment Of Recoating Costs Prepared for the INGAA Foundation, Inc., by: Brown, Williams, Scarbrough & Quinn, Inc. 815 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Suite 750 Washington, DC 20006 F-9302 Copyright
More informationIMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 3 ENGINE
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 2015 2.0L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 3 ENGINE Contents About this Booklet... 1 Overview... 2 Software and Hardware Updates... 3 Changes in Maintenance Schedule...7 Emission
More informationIMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 1 ENGINE Manual Transmission
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 2009 2014 2.0L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 1 ENGINE Manual Transmission Contents About this Booklet... 1 Overview... 2 Software and Hardware Updates... 3 Changes in Maintenance
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operation; Grant of Exemption For HELP Inc.
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 06/22/2015 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2015-15159, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION [4910-EX-P]
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [Docket No. NHTSA ; Notice 2]
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 08/14/2014 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2014-19190, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 01/19/2018 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2018-00842, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION [4910-EX-P]
More informationIMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 1.2 ENGINE
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 2011 2012 3.0L TDI Volkswagen GENERATION 1.2 ENGINE Contents About this Booklet... 1 Overview... 2 Software and Hardware Updates... 3 Changes in Maintenance Schedule...5
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [Docket No. NHTSA ]
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 06/28/2013 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2013-15534, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National
More informationU.S. Light-Duty Vehicle GHG and CAFE Standards
Policy Update Number 7 April 9, 2010 U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle GHG and CAFE Standards Final Rule Summary On April 1, 2010, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Department of Transportation
More informationSumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., Receipt of Petition for. AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/22/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-20248, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National
More informationHow to Prepare for a DOT Audit
How to Prepare for a DOT Audit The DOT has just informed you that your transportation operation will be audited. Are you prepared? Do you know what records will be reviewed? Do you comply with the regulations?
More informationAgency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 08/22/2018 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2018-18052, and on govinfo.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National
More information49 USC NB: This unofficial compilation of the U.S. Code is current as of Jan. 4, 2012 (see
TITLE 49 - TRANSPORTATION SUBTITLE VI - MOTOR VEHICLE AND DRIVER PROGRAMS PART C - INFORMATION, STANDARDS, AND REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER 323 - CONSUMER INFORMATION 32304. Passenger motor vehicle country of
More informationPlease visit VWCourtSettlement.com for more information on this issue or contact us at CLAIM.
Volkswagen of America, Inc. 3800 Hamlin Road Auburn Hills, MI 48326 This notice applies to your vehicle: Subject: EPA
More informationbtutt of tennegßw PUBLIC CHAPTER NO. 306
btutt of tennegßw PUBLIC CHAPTER NO. 306 HOUSE BILL NO. I4I By Representatives Staples, Swann Substituted for: Senate Bill No. 172 By Senators Niceley, Tracy AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title
More information<MONTH YEAR> What will we do as part of this recall?
Volkswagen of America, Inc. 3800 Hamlin Road Auburn Hills, MI 48326 This notice applies to your vehicle: Subject: EPA
More informationIS THE GASOLINE GALLON EQUIVALENT AN ACCURATE MEASURE OF MILEAGE FOR ETHANOL AND METHANOL FUEL BLENDS?
August 2013 IS THE GASOLINE GALLON EQUIVALENT AN ACCURATE MEASURE OF MILEAGE FOR ETHANOL AND METHANOL FUEL BLENDS? Eyal Aronoff and Nathan Taft IS THE GASOLINE GALLON EQUIVALENT AN ACCURATE MEASURE OF
More informationHours of Service of Drivers: Application for Exemption; Power and. AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT.
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/14/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-19512, and on FDsys.gov 4910-EX-P DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. Statutory Amendments Affecting Transportation of Agricultural Commodities and Farm Supplies
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION [4910-EX-P] Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 49 CFR Chapter III Statutory Amendments Affecting Transportation of Agricultural Commodities and Farm Supplies AGENCY:
More informationSUMMARY: The Federal Trade Commission ( FTC or Commission ) has completed its
[Billing Code: 6750-01S] FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION 16 CFR Part 311 RIN 3084-AB48 Test Procedures and Labeling Standards for Recycled Oil AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The
More informationPUBLIC Law, Chapter 539 LD 1535, item 1, 124th Maine State Legislature An Act To Create a Smart Grid Policy in the State
PLEASE NOTE: Legislative Information cannot perform research, provide legal advice, or interpret Maine law. For legal assistance, please contact a qualified attorney. Emergency preamble. Whereas, acts
More informationTriad Announces Linear Wall Plug-In Power Supplies For Industrial and Commercial Applications
Triad Announces Linear Wall Plug-In Power Supplies For Industrial and Commercial Applications Low To Zero Noise Designs for Superior Performance, Reliability and Life Perris, CA March 16, 2018 Design engineers
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. Hours of Service; Electronic Logging Devices; Limited 90-Day Waiver for the Transportation of Agricultural Commodities
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 12/20/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-27311, and on FDsys.gov 3 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION [4910-EX-P]
More informationVolkswagen of America, Inc Hamlin Road Auburn Hills, MI <MONTH YEAR>
Volkswagen of America, Inc. 3800 Hamlin Road Auburn Hills, MI 48326 This notice applies to your vehicle: Subject: EPA
More informationJurisdictional Guidelines for the Safe Testing and Deployment of Highly Automated Vehicles. Developed by the Autonomous Vehicles Working Group
Jurisdictional Guidelines for the Safe Testing and Deployment of Highly Automated Vehicles Developed by the Autonomous Vehicles Working Group Background: The AVWG The Working Group established fall 2014
More informationMAINE LEMON LAW SUMMARY
MAINE LEMON LAW SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TIME PERIOD FOR FILING CLAIMS ELIGIBLE VEHICLE Earlier of (1) three years from original delivery to the consumer, or (2) the term of the express warranties. Any
More informationFRANCHISES ACT REGULATIONS
c t FRANCHISES ACT REGULATIONS PLEASE NOTE This document, prepared by the Legislative Counsel Office, is an office consolidation of this regulation, current to January 01, 2007. It is intended for information
More informationCHAPTER 14.3 TOWING AND STORAGE OF VEHICLES*
Addendum 4-26-11-B-Towing Ordinance - Page 1 Attachment A Updated March 10, 2011 CHAPTER 14.3 TOWING AND STORAGE OF VEHICLES* * Editors Note: Ord. No. 07-18, adopted December 15, 2007, amended former Ch.
More informationElectrovaya Provides Business Update
News for Immediate Release Electrovaya Provides Business Update Toronto, Ontario November 8, 2016 Electrovaya Inc. (TSX: EFL) (OTCQX:EFLVF) is providing the following update on business developments previously
More informationLEGAL STATEMENT 1 / 2018 NAVIGANT CONSULTING, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
LEGAL STATEMENT The purpose of the information in this presentation is to guide ICA programs and provide members with information to make independent business decisions. 1 ANTITRUST GUIDELINES Antitrust
More informationRules Respecting Key Trains and Key Routes
Rules Respecting Key Trains and Key Routes February 12, 2016 version CONTENTS 1. SHORT TITLE 2. APPLICATION 3. DEFINITIONS 4. KEY TRAINS 5. KEY ROUTES 6. KEY ROUTE RISK ASSESSMENTS 7. CONSULTATIONS WITH
More informationSUMMARY AND ANALYSIS: FMCSA Notice of Proposed Rule-Making (NPRM)
SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS: FMCSA Notice of Proposed Rule-Making (NPRM) Minimum Training Requirements for Entry-Level Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators Issued: March 7, 2016 PURPOSE To provide members of NYAPT
More informationCar Economics Activity
Car Economics Activity INTRODUCTION Have you, or someone you know, bought a car recently? What factors were taken into consideration in choosing the car? Make and model, safety, reliability, -- how cool
More informationFueling Savings: Higher Fuel Economy Standards Result In Big Savings for Consumers
Fueling Savings: Higher Fuel Economy Standards Result In Big Savings for Consumers Prepared for Consumers Union September 7, 2016 AUTHORS Tyler Comings Avi Allison Frank Ackerman, PhD 485 Massachusetts
More informationFSC Standard No.7: References to FSC Logo, Membership, Standards or Guidance notes
FSC Standard No. 7: References to FSC s Logo, Membership, Standards or Guidance Notes FSC Membership this Standard is most relevant to: Date of this version (and commencement): History (prior version)
More informationFILED 07/16/2018 4:57 PM ARCHIVES DIVISION SECRETARY OF STATE & LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE DENNIS RICHARDSON SECRETARY OF STATE LESLIE CUMMINGS DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE PERMANENT ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER DOA 21-2018 CHAPTER 603 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ARCHIVES
More informationTHE ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT
THE ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRICE REPORT Alternative Fuel Prices Across the Nation August 8, 2002 T his is the seventh issue of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, a quarterly newsletter keeping you
More informationSeptember 21, Introduction. Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ), National Highway Traffic Safety
September 21, 2016 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) California Air Resources Board (CARB) Submitted via: www.regulations.gov and http://www.arb.ca.gov/lispub/comm2/bcsubform.php?listname=drafttar2016-ws
More informationOlson-EcoLogic Engine Testing Laboratories, LLC
Olson-EcoLogic Engine Testing Laboratories, LLC ISO 9001:2008 Registered A White Paper Important Planning Considerations for Engine and/or Vehicle Emission Testing Objectives Including Fuel Economy and
More information2005 Canadian Consumer Tire Attitude Study Highlights
2005 Canadian Consumer Tire Attitude Study Highlights Be Tire Smart Play your PART Seminar June 23, 2005 Agenda! Background" Survey Goals" Results" Observations" Questions" " Background! Background The
More informationFlammability of Bakken Crude Oil: Dangerous. Rail Cargo Even When Empty. (by Dr. Gerard Macri, Expert Witness)
Flammability of Bakken Crude Oil: Dangerous Rail Cargo Even When Empty (by Dr. Gerard Macri, Expert Witness) Suppose for the moment a noteworthy author published a paper dealing with the chemical properties
More informationFuel Rating Rule Review, 16 CFR Part 306, Project No. R811005
July 2, 2014 Miriam Lederer Federal Trade Commission Office of the Secretary Room H-113 (Annex N) 600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC 20580 RE: Fuel Rating Rule Review, 16 CFR Part 306, Project No.
More informationUSAACE & Fort Rucker Preventative Law Program. Alabama Lemon Law
USAACE & Fort Rucker Preventative Law Program Alabama Lemon Law THIS PAMPHLET contains basic information on this particular legal topic for your general information. If you have specific questions, contact
More informationNEW YORK CITY TAXI AND LIMOUSINE COMMISSION. Notice of Public Hearing and Opportunity to Comment on Proposed Rules
NEW YORK CITY TAXI AND LIMOUSINE COMMISSION Notice of Public Hearing and Opportunity to Comment on Proposed Rules What are we proposing? The Taxi and Limousine Commission is considering changing its rules.
More informationSumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., Grant of Petition for Decision. AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 03/26/2018 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2018-05983, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National
More informationOfficial Journal L 012, 18/01/2000 P
Directive 1999/94/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 relating to the availability of consumer information on fuel economy and CO2 emissions in respect of the marketing
More informationAutonomous Vehicles in California. Brian G. Soublet Deputy Director Chief Counsel California Department of Motor Vehicles
Autonomous Vehicles in California Brian G. Soublet Deputy Director Chief Counsel California Department of Motor Vehicles 1 California Vehicle Code Section 38570 As soon as practicable, but no later than
More informationAdditional Letters. Item 237-6: NIST Handbook 130, Uniform Engine Fuels and Automotive Lubricants Regulation
Title of Content L&R 2013 Interim Agenda Item 237-6: NIST Handbook 130, Uniform Engine Fuels and Automotive Lubricants Regulation Additional Letters Item 237-6: NIST Handbook 130, Uniform Engine Fuels
More informationPh: October 27, 2017
To: The NJ Board of Public Utilities Att: NJ Electric Vehicle Infrastructure - Stakeholder Group From: Dr. Victor Lawrence, Dr. Dan Udovic, P.E. Center for Intelligent Networked Systems (INETS) Energy,
More informationIMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR L TDI Volkswagen Passat Automatic Transmission. Voir le verso pour la version française.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 2012 2014 2.0L TDI Volkswagen Passat Automatic Transmission Voir le verso pour la version française. Contents About This Booklet... 1 Overview... 2 Software Updates...
More informationWest Virginia Schedule AFTC-1 Alternative-Fuel Tax Credit. Tax period MM DD YYYY MM DD YYYY
Schedule AFTC-1 REV. 9-11 West Virginia Schedule AFTC-1 Alternative-Fuel Tax Credit West Virginia State Tax Department Taxpayer Name ID Number Tax period Beginning ENDING MM DD YYYY MM DD YYYY Taxpayers
More informationUNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C Diesel Pump Labeling Requirements. -Fact Sheet-
- -- -- - -- - - ---- ft ~...\'\f:.d 8r"7: ~
More informationAddressing ambiguity in how electricity industry legislation applies to secondary networks
In Confidence Office of the Minister of Energy and Resources Chair, Cabinet Business Committee Addressing ambiguity in how electricity industry legislation applies to secondary networks Proposal 1 This
More informationExecutive Summary of Proposed Class Settlement Program
Executive Summary of Proposed Class Settlement Program TABLE OF CONTENTS Benefits to Owners / Lessees How to Obtain Settlement Benefits Environmental Relief Attorneys Fees Summary Settlement Payments to
More informationQUESTIONS: ANSWERS: November 10, 2016
Executive Director Leon M. Biegalski QUESTIONS: 1. WHETHER DIESEL FUEL TAX SHOULD BE IMPOSED AT THE TIME OF THE SALE OF B100 BIODIESEL AND CLEAR DIESEL FUEL TO A CUSTOMER OR AT THE TIME OF THE BLENDING
More informationJuly 15, In Ford s letter of May 2003 to law enforcement customers, Ford stated:
Mr. Douglass B. Lampe Office of General Counsel Ford Motor Company The American Road Dearborn, MI 48126 Re: Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors Dear Mr. Lampe: Independent crash testing commissioned
More informationBENEFITS OF RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY
UMTRI-2014-28 OCTOBER 2014 BENEFITS OF RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY MICHAEL SIVAK BRANDON SCHOETTLE BENEFITS OF RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY Michael Sivak Brandon Schoettle
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [Docket No. NHTSA ] Notice of Buy America Waiver
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/05/2013 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2013-21519, and on FDsys.gov 4910-59M DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
More informationDefinitions.
20-286. Definitions. The following definitions apply in this Article: (1), (2) Repealed by Session Laws 1973, c. 1330, s. 39. (2a) Dealership facilities. The real estate, buildings, fixtures and improvements
More informationThe Facts on. WHATReally Affects FUEL ECONOMY? Number. in a series of 6
The Facts on 1 Number in a series of 6 WHATReally Affects FUEL ECONOMY? As Congress considers developing an energy policy, the 13-member Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers is providing a series of fact
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 10/01/2014 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2014-23435, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION [4910-EX-P]
More informationMichigan/Grand River Avenue Transportation Study TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM #18 PROJECTED CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 ) EMISSIONS
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM #18 PROJECTED CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 ) EMISSIONS Michigan / Grand River Avenue TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM #18 From: URS Consultant Team To: CATA Project Staff and Technical Committee Topic:
More informationThe Value of Travel-Time: Estimates of the Hourly Value of Time for Vehicles in Oregon 2007
The Value of Travel-Time: Estimates of the Hourly Value of Time for Vehicles in Oregon 2007 Oregon Department of Transportation Long Range Planning Unit June 2008 For questions contact: Denise Whitney
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe Operation; Stoneridge, Inc. Application for an Exemption
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 04/05/2018 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2018-06964, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION [4910-EX-P]
More informationFEDERAL EXCISE TAXES (F.E.T.) CALCULATIONS
FEDERAL EXCISE TAXES (F.E.T.) CALCULATIONS Foreword: Trailers are normally designed to transport a particular type of cargo and, as a result of that design, are assigned a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
More informationDepartment of Transportation. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [Docket No. NHTSA ; Notice 2]
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 10/14/2015 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2015-26062, and on FDsys.gov Department of Transportation National
More informationSubject: Emissions Recall 23U3 Emissions Modification Available for Model Year Volkswagen 2.0L TDI
Volkswagen Canada P.O. Box 842, Stn. A Windsor, ON N9A 6P2 This notice applies to your vehicle: Subject: Emissions
More informationBackground Information. Instructions. Problem Statement. HOMEWORK INSTRUCTIONS Homework #5 Vehicle Fuel Economy Problem
Background Information As fuel prices have increased over the past few years, there has been much new interest in the fuel economy of our vehicles. Vehicles with higher fuel economy cost less to operate
More informationBIODIESEL END-USER SURVEY: IMPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY GROWTH FINAL REPORT OUT
BIODIESEL END-USER SURVEY: IMPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY GROWTH FINAL REPORT OUT ASG Renaissance Dearborn, MI February 2, 2004 BACKGROUND In the spring of 2003, the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) commissioned
More informationTransportation and Transfer
Participant Guide Module 4 Transportation and Transfer Module Objective Upon completion of this module, participants should be able to describe how ethanol-blended fuels are transported and transferred
More informationIMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR L TDI Volkswagen
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR 2009-2010 3.0L TDI Volkswagen 1 Contents About This Booklet... 1 Overview... 2 Software and Hardware Updates... 3 Maintenance Schedule... 6 Emissions Limits... 6 Extended
More informationPowertrain Acceptance & Consumer Engagement Study. Chrysler Powertrain Research March
Powertrain Acceptance & Consumer Engagement Study Chrysler Powertrain Research March 2008 1 Research Objectives The 2010 Morpace Powertrain Acceptance & Consumer Engagement (PACE) study builds upon the
More informationLight-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through Appendixes
EPA420-R-05-001 Month 2005 Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel Economy Trends: 1975 Through 2005 Appendixes Advanced Technology Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental
More informationGetting Started Guide Racing Supplement EXTREME CONTENTS INSIDE
Getting Started Guide Racing Supplement EXTREME CONTENTS INSIDE Table of Contents What is a Superchips Racing tuner? Activating your Superchips Racing tuner Power Levels & Features Racing Features Definitions
More informationU.S. Fuel Economy and Fuels Regulations and Outlook
U.S. Fuel Economy and Fuels Regulations and Outlook An Industry Perspective Mike Hartrick Fuels2018 May 23, 2018 Topics Market Perspective Regulatory Perspective What Could Changes in Fuel Economy Regulations
More informationConsultation on the Maximum Weight limit of Agricultural Trailers and Combinations on Public Roads
Consultation on the Maximum Weight limit of Agricultural Trailers and Combinations on Public Roads IOSH response to the Department for Transport consultation Submission 27.01.14 Introduction IOSH welcomes
More informationSANDAG Vanpool Program Guidelines as of February 2018
SANDAG Vanpool Program Guidelines as of February 2018 The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) administers the SANDAG Vanpool Program to provide alternative transportation choices to commuters,
More informationSAFETY DATA SHEET Spright Recharge LED Lantern
SAFETY DATA SHEET Spright Recharge LED Lantern SDS EXEMPTION NOTICE: The battery powered products, and the batteries they contain, covered in this document are exempt articles and are not subject to the
More informationElectric Vehicle Basics for Your Business
Welcome to Electric Vehicle Basics for Your Business Electric Vehicle Basics for Your Business What You Need to Know About EVs and Charging September 25, 2013 1 Agenda 7788 Copyright 2012, -800-990- SCE
More informationA Guide to Wheelchair Selection
A Guide to Wheelchair Selection How to Use the ANSI/ RESNA Wheelchair to Buy a Wheelchair Standards Peter Axelson, MSME Jean Minkel, MAPT Denise Chesney, MEBME Illustrations by Peter Thomas 1994 by the
More informationExplanatory Notes to aid completion of Disclosure Document Template
Explanatory Notes to aid completion of Disclosure Document Template These explanatory notes have been prepared to assist Franchisors in completing the disclosure document template, and to ensure the disclosure
More informationPower and Fuel Economy Tradeoffs, and Implications for Benefits and Costs of Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations
Power and Fuel Economy Tradeoffs, and Implications for Benefits and Costs of Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations Gloria Helfand Andrew Moskalik Kevin Newman Jeff Alson US Environmental Protection Agency
More informationConsumer, Environmental and Health Technologies Biotechnology and Food Supply Chain. GUIDANCE DOCUMENT No. 1
Ref. Ares(2016)5774004-05/10/2016 EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs Consumer, Environmental and Health Technologies Biotechnology and Food
More informationVirginia Department of Transportation Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and Data Attribution Guide and Partnership Toolkit
Virginia Department of Transportation Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and Data Attribution Guide and Partnership Toolkit Table of Contents Overview Page 3 Internet Page 4 Broadcast Television and Cable
More informationTMCC Green Bond Program. December 2017
TMCC Green Bond Program December 2017 Disclaimer This presentation includes certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of The U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements
More informationSAFETY DATA SHEET Brila Recharge Lantern
SAFETY DATA SHEET Brila Recharge Lantern SDS EXEMPTION NOTICE: The battery powered products, and the batteries they contain, covered in this document are exempt articles and are not subject to the OSHA
More informationDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [Docket No. NHTSA ] Notice of Buy America Waiver
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/16/2014 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2014-21992, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National
More informationSUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 13.11.2008 SEC(2008) 2861 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMT Accompanying document to the Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMT AND OF THE COUNCIL
More informationNHTSA-ODI-CFR Review with FDIC Apr
NHTSA-ODI-CFR Review with FDIC Apr-2 0 1 6 Bruce York Office of Defects Investigation Agenda Introductions Who is ODI Investigation Overview Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 General 49 CFR 573.6 Defect
More informationSAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GAS COMPANY
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT 1. These responses and objections are made without prejudice to, and are not a waiver of, SDG&E and SoCalGas right to rely on other facts or documents in these proceedings. 2. By
More informationSAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT DRAFT STAFF REPORT
DRAFT STAFF REPORT Draft Amendments to Rule 4621 (Gasoline Transfer into Stationary Storage Containers, Delivery Vessels, and Bulk Plants) and Rule 4622 (Gasoline Transfer into Motor Vehicle Fuel Tanks)
More information