Successful Emission Reductions in Yard Locomotives

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1 Successful Emission Reductions in Yard Locomotives

2 Yard Emissions Reductions Repower Slug Locomotives Shore Power

3 Norfolk Southern Repower Successes Georgia (GA EPD/GDOT Grant) Atlanta - 10 GP33ECO Mother and Slug sets 3 SD33ECO Mother and 2 slugs Rome 1 GP33ECO Mother and Slug Macon 5 SD33ECO Mothers and 2 slugs Illinois (CMAP Grant) Chicago 15 GP33ECO Mothers and 3 Slugs Pennsylvania (SW PA Commission Grant) Pittsburgh 2 GP33ECO Mothers and slug sets

4 ECO Locomotive Repower Norfolk Southern s Juniata Shops

5 What Makes a Locomotive Successful? Emissions compliant Can deliver Tractive Effort and Horsepower to the Rail Wheel Slip Rapid Horsepower Changes Reliable Can withstand the railroad environment Coupler Slack Run High Availability Designed for 184 day maintenance cycles Must be designed for the Railroad Business Model Long Life 25 to 30 years

6 Gensets Have not proven to be a reliable alternative Parts availability issues, performance issues, engine durability issues, engine dealer maintenance issues. No longer being purchased by Class 1 Railroads

7 Why have Gensets Failed? 1924 First Production Loco GE/ALCO/Ingersol Rand 1939 First Successful Production Locomotive GM Electro-Motive Division It took 15 years to get the diesel locomotive to work Much information learned in 15 years on what make a successful locomotive

8 Locomotive Wheel Slip When a wheel slips the engine HP is immediately reduced which can lead to smoke Smoke is also seen in Horsepower acceleration Engine throttle transition 1960s Era Locomotive Shown

9 Locomotive Wheel Slip Low Friction between wheel and rail Actual contact area between the wheel and the rail is about the size of a quarter Wheels slip loco control backs of power and then re-applies power Quick transitions that can cause smoke Smoke is mitigated by an integrated engine/locomotive control system The low friction between the wheel and rail makes rail transportation fuel efficient, but it creates challenges for locomotives pulling abilities as seen by wheel slip

10 Locomotive Switching Car Kicking Throttle EPA Duty Cycles Line Haul DC Switch DC % 0.8% 7 3.0% 0.2% 6 3.9% 1.5% 5 3.8% 3.6% 4 4.4% 3.6% 3 5.2% 5.8% 2 6.5% 12.3% 1 6.5% 12.4% Idle 38% 59.8% DB 12.5% 0% From a quick look a switcher locomotive is rarely in Throttle Notch 8 REALITY Switchers are in throttle notch 8 for short bursts of time o Car Kicking o Starting a cut of cars Horsepower acceleration is critical in switching

11 Coupler Slack Coupler movement 1 between pairs Slack can run in at any time Abrupt force on locomotive(s) Can Cause engine damage 1 Entire train couple slack reacts against the locomotives

12 Successful Locomotive Engines Both EMD and GE build engines specifically for rail applications Can handle coupler slack run in Can support a large alternator

13 Coupler Slack Engine Bearings Crankshaft Main Bearings can be a problem with coupler slack run in GE FDL engine shown upside down Crankshaft Portion

14 Coupler Slack Mitigation Locomotive engines must be designed for: Quick Acceleration Coupler slack forces All SUCCESFUL Locomotive engines were designed specifically for locomotive application Those engines that were NOT initially designed for rail application but for industrial or generator applications have NOT shown to be successful in locomotives

15 Maintainability Railroad specific Locomotive Shops Railroad Employees 24/7 Coverage Maintenance Knowledge Parts Inventory 184 Day Maintenance Cycles Railroad Engine Oil Gensets Dealer Maintenance Not 24/7 Proprietary maintenance instructions No Parts Inventory 30 day Maintenance Cycles Non-Railroad Engine Oil

16 Summary of a Successful Switcher Locomotive Emissions Compliance Engine designed and built specifically for rail service Integrated locomotive control System Capable of rapid horsepower acceleration Maintainability All Maintenance Instructions provided Parts Inventory 184 Maintenance Cycles

17 Locomotive Slug Slug - Engineless locomotive that gets power from a mother locomotive Provides extra tractive effort at lows speeds Very suitable for switching service Reduces the need of powered locomotive where 2 locos are needed for switching Slug under construction at NS Juniata Shops

18 Locomotive Slug

19 Locomotive Idle Reduction Shore Power Electric Engine Coolant Heater Advantages Zero Point Emissions Better emissions savings than Auto Engine Start/Stop Better Energy Savings Up to 400 kw on a winter day Reduces Starting Battery issues Disadvantages 3 Phase 480 Volt Electrical Connection

20 Locomotive Idle Reduction Shore Power Wayside Station Safety Ground Fault Detection Loop Complete Detection Phase Imbalance Detection Ergonomic Less than 18 pound force to manipulate Disadvantage 9 Feet Rail Clearance Requires infrastructure

21 Conclusions Successful Emissions reductions are possible through use of repowers with railroad specific engines Slugs can also provide emissions savings Shore Power is another successful method of emissions savings. Questions?