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2 AGENDA Technology Stream: UK as a Centre for Automotive Innovation Advanced Propulsion: OEM overview 13:30 15:00 - Prof Dr Wolfgang Steiger, Director of Future Technologies Group External Relations, Volkswagen AG - Graham Hoare, Global Director, Vehicle Evaluation and Verification, Ford Motor Company - Suzanne Gray, General Manager, BMW i, BMW Group UK Chair: Richard Bruges, Chief Executive Officer, Productiv This stream is supported by Join the debate SMMTsummit

3 Driving the Future Volkswagen Group s Solutions for Sustainable Mobility Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Steiger Group External Relations Future Technologies SMMT International Automotive Summit London, United Kingdom

4 Why do we need sustainable mobility? Climate change emissions Smog and noise in megacities The finite nature of fossil fuels

5 Volkswagen XL1 Aerodynamics cd = Curb weight 795 kg Top speed 160 km/h Fuel consumption (NEDC) 0.83 l/100 km CO2 emissions (NEDC) 21 g/km All-electric range 50 km Total range approx. 500 km

6 The drive unit of the XL1 TDI engine Electric motor DSG gearbox Displacement Output/at rpm Torque/rpm Weight: 830 cm³ 35 kw/ 4,000 rpm 120 Nm/ 2,000 rpm 72 kg Type Output Torque Weight Synchronous, permanent magnet 20 kw 140 Nm 30 kg 7 forward gears Dry clutch Magnesium casing

7 Volkswagen Group s environmental objectives as presented at the Geneva Motor Show Company The most environmentally friendly automotive manufacturer in the world Product Production 25% less energy, water, waste & CO 2 by % lower emissions through power generation and supply by 2020 Fleet CO 2 emissions in EU27 countries < 95 g/km by 2020 Each new model consumes 10 to 15% less fuel than its predecessor

8 Sustainable mobility: Volkswagen s fuel and drive train strategy Renewable energy sources CO 2 -neutral electricity CO 2 -neutral fuels Conventional energy sources Petroleum CNG

9 Carbon dioxide: Conventional drive technologies are not enough Fleet CO 2 emissions Technologies to increase CO 2 efficiency EU27 Fleet value in g CO 2 /km Optimizing conventional drive trains CO 2 efficiency measures in the vehicle Using alternative drive technologies + + PHEV EU27 Fleet value in 2012 EU27 Fleet value in g CO 2 /km 95 g CO 2 /km Technologies and energy sources

10 Volkswagen Group: Technologies to suit every need What Volkswagen customers in Germany use their cars for most of the time (i.e., >75% of the time) Golf TSI BlueMotion Golf TDI BlueMotion Jetta Hybrid eco up! Panamera Hybrid Q5 Hybrid

11 Golf TDI BlueMotion

12 Measures to improve CO 2 efficiency Engine Gearbox Combustion system Lightweight design Operational strategy Friction Dual-clutch gearbox High-performance combustion system Combined turbo- and supercharging Ignition systems Variable valve train Variable compression ratio Alternative materials Lightweight design through optimized structures Active Cylinder Management Optimizing engine mapping Engine off while coasting Downspeeding NVH at low rpm Surface coating Thermal management Utilizing exhaust heat Gear-ratio spread Efficiency Performance when pulling away Low-rpm solution

13 The new CNG-powered vehicles: Advantages of CNG in terms of CO 2 emissions Gasoline C 8 H 18 (ISO-Oktan) 2 C 8 H O 2 16 CO H 2 O Potential reduction in CO 2 emissions in consideration of the heating value Methane 1 kg of gasoline generates 3.1 kg of CO 2 (Heating value 41.0 MJ/kg) -25% CNG CH 4 (Methan) CH O 2 CO H 2 O 1 kg of methane generates 2.75 kg of CO 2 (Heating value 47.7 MJ/kg)

14 Volkswagen eco up!, Volkswagen Golf TGI & Audi A3 g-tron

15 Prices of energy equivalents based on gasoline 95 RON Current gas station prices Energy content [kwh] per liter or kg Objective for price display Gasoline Price in /l CNG Price in /kg Fuel Price in /l GE Fuel Gasoline 95 RON CNG l GE = Liter of gasoline equivalent (Germany, )

16 Volkswagen Group: Technologies to suit every need What Volkswagen customers in Germany use their cars for most of the time (i.e., >75% of the time) Golf TSI BlueMotion Golf TDI BlueMotion Jetta Hybrid Golf blue-e-motion e-up! eco up! Panamera Hybrid Q5 Hybrid

17 Volkswagen e-up!

18 The electric drive system of the e-golf Electric machine Permanent magnet synchronous motor Max. power output Constant power output Max. torque Constant torque Range 85 kw 50 kw 270 Nm 160 Nm 175 km

19 Volkswagen Group: Technologies to suit every need What Volkswagen customers in Germany use their cars for most of the time (i.e., >75% of the time) Golf TSI BlueMotion XL1 Golf TDI BlueMotion Jetta Hybrid Golf PHEV Golf blue-e-motion e-up! Porsche Panamera S e-hybrid eco up! Panamera Hybrid Audi A3 e/tron Q5 Hybrid

20 Audi A3 e-tron 1.4-l 110-kW TSI engine with aluminum cylinder block and crankcase Lithium-ion battery 96 cells, 352 V, 8.8 kwh Power electronics including DC-DC converter Dual clutch gearbox DQ400E with integrated electric machine (80 kw)

21 Assembly kit for hybrid drive systems Engine Electric machine Gearbox Battery Power electronics 2-cylinder in-line TDI HEM 20 DQ200E HEV 3-cylinder in-line TSI/TDI HEM 60 4-cylinder in-line TSI/TDI HEM 80 DQ400E PHEV Power electronics

22 The MQB plug-in drive train with the DQ400E gearbox Technical specifications IC engine Electric motor System output System torque HV battery capacity All-electric range 110 kw / 250 Nm 80 kw / 330 Nm 150 kw 350 Nm 8.8 kwh approx. 50 km

23 Volkswagen is electrifying all vehicle classes beyond BEV PHEV PHEV VW e-up! Audi A3 Audi A6 HEV HEV HEV BEV PHEV PHEV VW Touareg Audi Q5 VW Jetta VW e-golf VW Golf Audi A8 HEV HEV HEV PHEV PHEV Porsche Cayenne S Porsche Panamera S Audi A6 HEV Porsche 918 Spyder Porsche Cayenne PHEV Derivatives of other Group brands Audi A8 PHEV VW Passat Porsche Panamera PHEV Audi Q7-22 -

24 Driving the Future Volkswagen Group s Solutions for Sustainable Mobility Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Steiger Group External Relations Future Technologies SMMT International Automotive Summit London, United Kingdom

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26 Low Carbon Technology - the road ahead Graham Hoare Global Director Vehicle Evaluation & Verification

27 Scale is vital to impact global CO 2 BEV Individual Car Contribution PHEV CO 2 Reduction Challenge HEV EcoBoost/ECOnetic Gas /Diesel Vehicle Volume Evolutionary steps on mass products can be more important than revolutionary numbers in low quantity. Democratizing Technology is vital to deliver a meaningful Global impact. Investment in all paths now essential to move the science.

28 Energy Cost Energy Options : Market Acceptance Energy Cost and Energy Density Ethanol E85 Gasoline CNG (250bar ~ 180 mile) CNG ( bar) Diesel Electricity Ideal for Transport Energy Density Liquid fuels carry a significant Energy Density and storage advantage, a key aspect in determining long-term market acceptance as a transport fuel. Availability and energy density reinforce role of ICE based Powertrains in medium term.

29 Automotive Council Conclusions Future growth roadmaps identified for priority technologies The Internal Combustion Engine has a long term future in automotive propulsion in conjunction with varying degrees of electrification and operation on low carbon fuels The UK Automotive Council technology recommendations for the Internal Combustion Engine align with the future technology perspective at Ford Motor Company.

30 Total vehicle energy use Gasoline / Diesel Powerpack Energy Available Chemical Thermal- Coolant Friction Pumping Usable Energy, ~ 1/3 Thermal- Exhaust

31 Total vehicle energy use Gasoline / Diesel Powerpack Energy Available Energy Consumed Chemical Thermal- Coolant Friction Pumping Usable Energy, 1/3 Brake & Bearing Transmission & Driveline Accessories Tire Rolling Resistance Kinetic Energy Thermal- Exhaust Aerodynamics Though Only a Fraction Of Converted Energy Is Available For Propulsion

32 Total vehicle energy use Gasoline / Diesel Combustion improvements Direct Injection Powerpack Energy Available Chemical Thermal- Coolant RFF valvetrain Cam surface finish Coated pistons 2-stage oil pump Piston squirters Friction Pumping EcoBoost EGR TiVCT Usable Energy, 1/3 6+ speed transmissions Low-friction clutch packs Optimized torque converter Dual clutch trans ATWU Brake & Bearing Energy Consumed Transmission & Driveline Accessories Integrated wheel ends Auto brake caliber roll back Tire Rolling Resistance Kinetic Energy Gen I tires Gen II tires Gen III tires Thermal- Exhaust Exhaust heat recovery Turbocharging Reduced Electrical loads EPAS Multi-stage water pump EVOC Aerodynamics Grill Shutters Underbody shields Shape optimization Weight Reduction Aluminum closures Aluminum BIW Carbon fiber Regenerative Braking Battery management systems Hybrids. Improvements In Both The Powertrain and Vehicle Can Be Significant Through Adoption Of Advanced Technologies.

33 Global Technology Migration Path IN PLACE NEAR TERM MID TERM LONG TERM Technology Building Blocks in Place Volume Implementation of Technology Building Blocks Next Generation of Technology Building Blocks Leverage Hybrids & Introduce Alternative Energy Sources Significant number of vehicles with EcoBoost engines Stop/Start systems (micro hybrids) introduced Flex Fuel Vehicles CNG Prep Engines available where select markets demand Diesel use as market demands Dual clutch and 6 speed automatic transmissions replace 5 speeds Add Hybrid applications Battery management systems begin global migration Electric power steering begin global migration Aero improvements Increased unibody applications EcoBoost engines available in nearly all vehicles; engine displacement reduction aligned with vehicle weight savings Increased application of Stop/Start Vehicle and powertrain capability to leverage available renewable fuels Six speed automatic transmissions - High volume Increased use of Hybrid Technologies Introduction of PHEV and BEV Introduce substantial weight reduction; kg Electric power steering - High volume Additional Aero improvements Intro 2 nd Gen EcoBoost and Advanced Tech Diesel Optimize engines/vehicles for higher octane/alt fuels 9 / 10- speed automatic transmissions Increase volume of Hybrid and PHEV technologies Continued weight reduction actions via advanced materials Efficient HVAC for Hybrid/Plugin/All-Electric vehicles Introduction of fuel cell electric vehicles 2 nd Gen EcoBoost and Adv Tech Diesel high volume Engines capable of operating on fuels with increased renewable hydrocarbons Next gen Hybrid and Plug-in technologies Continued leverage of All Electric vehicles Lightweight materials models proliferate to global platforms Continued efficiencies in electrical architecture and intelligent energy management Fuel cells migration timing aligned with fuels and infrastructure availability Introduction of additional small vehicles Develop fuel cell stack technology Piloting and Migrating Technologies Across the Portfolio, With continuous Improvements and Expanded Application Through the Mid- and Long-Term

34 Examples of Technology Migration 100% 90% EPAS 100% 100% 90% Stop-Start 100% 100% 90% EcoBoost 90% 100% 90% Smart Regen. 90% Nameplates 1/ 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 33% 70% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 67% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 56% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 56% 20% 10% 0% Accessory Losses 20% 10% 0% 11% Friction Pumping Accessory Losses 20% 10% 0% 0% Friction Chemical Pumping Thermal- Exhaust 20% 10% 0% 11% Kinetic Energy High Impact Technologies, Addressing PT and Vehicle Operational Efficiency, Will Be Implemented Across Nearly 100% of Ford Vehicle Nameplates By Mid-Decade 1/ Excludes Commercial Vans and HEV

35 Engine Awards, over Vehicle Awards CASE STUDY.The New 1.0L Ecoboost Engine Delivers The Power Of a Larger Displacement Engine With The Fuel Efficiency Of a Smaller One. Ford Focus customer orders at > 30% take rate.

36 The Power of Choice C Car Platform Gas Diesel Ethanol HEV PHEV BEV CNG Focus Wagon Focus ST C-MAX 5-Passenger Focus 5-Door C-MAX Hybrid Escape/ Kuga Focus BEV Focus 4-Door C-MAX 7-Passenger C-MAX Energi Providing Customers with Affordable Options While Meeting CO 2 Challenges and delivering driving enjoyment.

37 Summary Future cars will still have to comply with the Laws of Physics & increasingly the limitations of Economics They rely on a strong and accessible fuel infrastructure Customer Driven technology choices continue to succeed where others fail A broad array of technologies will emerge to compete for future customers Scale is critical to CO2 impact, affordability, customer familiarity & acceptance The Power of Choice will be with our customers, however.. In the Medium term, Internal Combustion Engine Powertrains will remain the high volume propulsion solution, increasingly supplemented by electrification

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41 12 June 2013 BMW i. BORN ELECTRIC. SUZANNE GRAY GENERAL MANAGER BMW i, BMW GROUP UK.

42 THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY. Environment Climate change and the subsequent effects Urbanisation By 2030, over 60 % of world population will live in cities Politics and Regulations CO2 - and fleet regulations, Restrictions on imports DRIVING FACTORS Economics Shortage of resources, increase in the price of fossil fuels Culture Sustainable mobility as part of a modern urban lifestyle; assumption of social responsibility Customer Expectations Changing values

43 ELECTRIFIED VEHICLES FORECAST TO REACH SIGNIFICANT MARKET SHARES. BEV Battery Electric Vehicle incl Extended Range PHEV Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle HEV Hybrid Vehicle ICE Internal Combustion Engine

44 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TO REMAIN FUTURE-PROOF. EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION GO HAND IN HAND. Evolution Efficient combustion engines Innovative technologies In-Between Mild Full hybrid drive trains Plug-in hybrid drivetrains Revolution Alternative drive trains Mobility services Alternative fuels

45 ELECTRIC DRIVE TRAIN FROM MINI E TO BMW i3. UK PLAYED A KEY ROLE. Use of renewable energy. Market potential. Transfer scenarios. User behaviour. Acceptance. Demands of e-infrastructure. Strengths and weaknesses. MINI E 2009 BMW ActiveE 2011 BMW i3 2013

46 INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY DEFINE THE BMW i PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE. New vehicle concepts New materials and recycling New vehicle architecture & production New electric drivetrain Integrated approach of BMW i New business model New mobility services Pioneering design New support for customers

47 STRONG SUSTAINABILITY CREDENTIALS. SETTING NEW PRODUCTION BENCHMARKS. 50% energy 70% water 100% renewable energy New generation ultra-efficient 3-cylinder engines built in UK

48 PURPOSE-BUILT DESIGN BMW i3. THE BMW i LIFEDRIVE ARCHITECTURE.

49 CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC. A STAND-OUT MATERIAL FOR USE IN CAR BODIES. - A composite material of carbon fibres and a synthetic matrix. - Extremely durable and light. - Outstanding suspension and high level of absorption in a crash. - Resistant against corrosion, acids and solvents. - Shows no fatigue over long service life. - Flexible shaping.

50 PIONEERING PRODUCTION MATERIALS. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) 50% lighter than steel Hydroelectric powered production 30% lighter than Aluminium The BMW i3 and i8 will be seen as carbon fibre pioneers.

51 0-62 mph 7.9s Agile driving dynamics BMW i3. (CONCEPT COUPE SHOWN) PURPOSE DESIGNED ELECTRIC MOBILITY DELIVERS. <1,250 kg 93mph top speed mile range or double for range extender model

52 BMW i3. CHOICES TO HANDLE RANGE. - edrive system with additional modes to increase range beyond miles - AC Fast Charging 32A fast charge in <4 hours (0-100% charge) - i3 range-extended model has small petrol generator that can charge battery. - Sub 20 g/km CO 2 - Or an alternative BMW Group vehicle for exceptional long journeys / a larger car need

53 BMW i3. (CONCEPT COUPE SHOWN) BLENDING SOPHISTICATION, SUSTAINABILITY, SPACE. Premium, sustainable & recycled interior Spacious interior & floating dashboard Sophisticated infotainment and communication

54 PURPOSE-BUILT DESIGN BMW i8 PLUG-IN HYBRID. THE BMW i LIFEDRIVE ARCHITECTURE.

55 BMW i8 BORN ELECTRIC. THE MOST PROGRESSIVE SPORTS CAR. 350hp / 550Nm 0-62 mph in 4.6s 20 miles edrive 104 mpg / sub 70 g/km CO mile range

56 360 o ELECTRIC - PRODUCTS & SERVICES TO SUPPORT BMW GROUP PLUG-IN VEHICLES. STARTS WITH BMW i.

57 MANAGING NEW TECHNOLOGY INTO THE MARKET. BMW i A DIFFERENT SALES APPROACH.

58 BMW i IS A YEAR OF GREAT ANTICIPATION FOR EVs.

59 BMW i. BORN ELECTRIC.

60 AGENDA Technology Stream: UK as a Centre for Automotive Innovation Autonomous Vehicles 15:30 16:10 - Dr Graeme Smith, Chief Engineer, Electronics and Control Systems, Ricardo UK - Toscan Bennett, Vice President Product Planning Management, Volvo Car Corporation Chair: Ken Gibson, Editor, Motors, The Sun This stream is supported by Join the debate smmtsummit

61 Autonomous Driving A vision of Leadership Toscan Bennett Vice President, Product Planning and Management, Volvo Car Group

62 Global traffic challenges Safety: 1.2 million people killed every year Environment: Local pollution and global CO2 emissions Society: Congestion and lost time when commuting

63 The master plan Volvo vision 2020

64 Volvo vision 2020 By 2020 no-one should be killed or seriously injured in a new volvo car. Our long-term vision is to design cars that should not crash.

65 Autonomous drive a key enabler Our safety vision can only be realised by extensive use of driver support systems Over 90% of all accidents are due to human errors Strong connection between accident rate and availability of text messaging services

66 Volvo aims for Leadership within autonomous driving by pioneering offers in production

67 Active safety paves the way Park Assist Pilot Collision Warning with Full Auto Brake Pedestrian & Cyclist Detection City Safety Lane Keeping Aid Adaptive Cruise Control

68 Autonomous drive adds New Opportunities Safety Fuel economy Traffic efficiency Mobility Comfort Convenience Constant connectivity Infrastructure investments City planning

69 Already a natural part of modern society

70 Are the customers ready? Almost half of the respondents would be comfortable using a self-driving car Generation Y consumers are willing to pay for technology that can help them better manage all distractions created by connectivity Deloitte 2012 Accenture 2011 Almost 50 percent of drivers aged would definitely or probably buy a vehicle capable of fully autonomous driving J.D. Power 2012 Emerging Technology Study A perfect support for driving on the Autobahn. Volvo Car Corporation customer clinic 2011

71 You bet!

72 Conclusions Realisation of the Volvo Safety Vision 2020 including autonomous drive will: Save life and reduce injuries Increase Transport efficiency due to less accidents Reduce fuel consumption and emissions due to transport efficiency Half of today s car buyers are ready to embrace autonomous drive A majority of tomorrow s car owners will not buy a car without it

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74 AGENDA Technology Stream: UK as a Centre for Automotive Innovation Advanced Propulsion: Engineering and the Marketplace 16:20 17:00 - Toby Peters, Chief Executive Officer, Dearman Engine Company - Dr Graham Cooley, Chief Executive Officer, ITM Power - Tim Woolmer, Founder and Chief Technology Officer, YASA Motors Chair: John Leech, Head of Automotive, KPMG LLP This stream is supported by Join the debate SMMTsummit

75 Liquid Air on the Highway: Opportunities for industry and innovation It's not right that one generation should use up most of the world's resources during their lifetime. So, the more we can do to alleviate that the better. Peter Dearman, inventor The Dearman Engine Company Ltd Dearman Engine Company

76 Dearman Engine The Dearman engine is a low maintenance, low cost zero emission piston engine that runs on liquid air uses Liquid Nitrogen as the energy vector using water injected at ambient temperature to expand it in a reciprocating engine. Core technology in development with Ricardo. first application test engine during Q4 2013; a proof of concept vehicle by Q full application specific field trials as early as 2015 Dearman Engine Company clean, cool technology

77 High efficient low grade waste heat recovery system A 300 kw truck diesel engine might reject ~200 kw heat to coolant. Conventional heat recovery systems have low maximum potential to produce work: ~100 o C engine coolant T H = 373 K ~20 o C sink temperature (ambient) T L = 293 K V Dearman Engine as heat recovery system has much higher maximum potential to produce work: ~100 o C engine coolant T H = 373 K -196 o C sink temperature (LN2) T L = 77 K Best possible yield 21% Much lower sink temperature Best possible yield 79% Dearman Engine Company clean, cool technology

78 Three primary applications Cryogenic engine uses classical engine technology to provide a clean at point of use, light weight (compared to e.g. batteries), compact engine that can also harness low grade waste heat. Novel, high efficiency waste heat recovery engine A stand-alone zero emission engine (ZEV) exhausting cold air A cost-effective and zero-emission combined power and cooling solution production cost similar to a diesel engine Dearman Engine Company clean, cool technology

79 Fuel infrastructure Existing industrial gases industry, including distribution network. An urban bus would require about 190kg of LN2 per day to achieve a 25% diesel fuel saving. The tank on the right would be suitable for refuelling ~300+ hybrid buses per day. Driver operated refuelling systems already in use in Europe to support use of LN2 in refrigerated transport. Can deliver LN2/LAir at 100litres/minute. 3m 12m Dearman Engine Company clean, cool technology

80 Major studies by top tier strategic consultancies for Dearman and 3rd parties Diesel 100% The opportunity to recover waste heat is attractive; low grade coolant heat option has not been exploited. Typical Fuel Energy Path in Diesel Vehicle 35% Engine 30% Mobility & Ancillaries Innovative fuel efficiency technologies tend to be significantly more expensive than established ones; Dearman Engine (DE) may break that orthodoxy. 35% Exhaust Gas 30% Coolant 5% Friction & Radiated DE s unique attribute of delivering motive power and cold could make it highly attractive to the global cold transport supply chain Commercial pay-back for both WHR and cooling (including cost of fuel ) The total global demand for DE could reach ~1.2m units by Dearman Engine Company clean, cool technology

81 Report / Conference University of Birmingham University of Brighton University of Leeds Imperial College London Queen Mary, London University of Strathclyde Dearman Engine Company E4tech Electricity Storage Network Grant Thornton Highview Power Storage IMechE National Grid Messer Group Pöyry Productiv Ricardo UK Spiritus Consulting Dearman Engine Company clean, cool technology

82 Some Conclusions Reduce diesel consumption in buses or freight vehicles by 25% using a liquid air Dearman engine / diesel hybrid Cut emissions from refrigeration on food lorries by 80% Zero-emission liquid air city cars or vehicles at a fraction of current fuel costs and with lower lifecycle vehicle emissions than electric or hydrogen vehicles The UK industrial gases industry currently has surplus liquid nitrogen production plant capacity. Dearman Engine Company here and now clean, cool technology

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