EVALUATION OF AN ORC-BASED MICRO-CHP SYSTEM INVOLVING A HERMETIC SCROLL EXPANDER
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1 EVALUATION OF AN ORC-BASED MICRO-CHP SYSTEM INVOLVING A HERMETIC SCROLL EXPANDER JF. Oudkerk, S. Quoilin and V. Lemort Thermodynamics laboratory Université de Liège
2 Micro Combined heat and power CHP: Produced electricity and useful heat Electricity 30 kwh Electricity Power plant: 40% 75 kwh 100 kwh CHP: 30% El 60% Heat 142 kwh Heat 60 kwh Heat Boiler: 90% 67 kwh Micro CHP: <50kW Electric
3 Electrical power Electrical efficency Global efficiency Fuel ICE 5kWe- 20MWe Technologies Micro- Turbine 15kWe- 300kWe Stirling ORC Fuel cell 1kWe-1.5MWe 1kWe-10MWe 1kWe-1MWe 25-45% 15-30% 10-20% ~10% 30-70% 65-92% 65-90% 65-95% ~90% 90% Gasoline, Diesel, Gas, Gas, Biogas, State Widespread Uncommon Flexible Development, early market Flexible Development, early market Hydrogen or Hydrogenrich gas Proven technology Manufacturer exemple Senertec Capstone Sunmachine Otag Hexis
4 Scroll expander Volumetric engine: Not avalable yet: Conversion of a compressor Advantages : No check valve Reduced number of moving part Low rotational speed Handle high pressure ratio
5 Modification of the compressor Discharge and reed valve Floating seal
6 Gas cycle test rig
7 Results analysis Maximum electrical isentropic efficiency: 71%
8 Expander model Supply pressure drop Supply cooling down Isentropic expansion Isochoric expansion Internal leakage Exhaust heat exchange Mechanical losses Electromechanical losses Ambient losses Isothermal fictitious wall
9 Error max: Flow rate: 2% Power: 6% Exhaust T : 2K Validation of the model
10 Simulation of losses
11 Simulation of losses
12 Simulation of losses
13 Simulation of losses
14 Simulation of losses
15 Simulation of losses
16 Simulation of losses
17 Simulation of losses Most significant: Intern volume ratio and electromechanical
18 Dimensionless expander model Previous model: Dimensional parameters Dimensionless model: Polynomial law for isentropic efficiency and for filling factor Assumption: independent of the size
19 ORC-based mchp Flue gas Ec Boiler Ev Exp Electrical power Fuel Air Reg Heat consumption Pump Cd
20 T g,ex,og,computed [ C] T w,ex,computed [ C] Boiler Model Adiabatic combustion chamber Heat exchanger gas/htf Heat exchanger HTF/ambience T g,ex,og,meas [ C] Error bar: 5K T w,ex,meas [ C]
21 Components ORC model Heat exchangers: ε-ntu method Pump: Isentropic efficiency Expander: Dimensionless model ORC model: Interconnection of the different components
22 Fluid selection Maximum inlet temperature of the expander: 135 C Best fluid: R245fa net [-] T ev [ C] R236fa Isobutane n-butane R245fa HFE7000 Isopentane n-pentane n-hexane n-heptane OMTS Toluene
23 n H Q load [W] Average climate EN14825 Seasonal simulation Heat demand Temperature setting law EN14825 Very High High Medium Low T out [ C] T out [ C] Tw,tank [ C] T out [ C] ORC based m-chp Model
24 η electric [%] Results: Electrical efficiency Tout [ C] Very High High Medium Low
25 Results: Annual efficiencies Annual electrical efficiencies: On/Off coefficient: Low Medium High Very high Electric 7.5 % 7.2% 7% 6.7% Thermal 80 % 80 % 80 % 80 %
26 Possible improvement 2 expander in series: increase global volume ratio Ok only with Tmax>135 C net [-] T ev [ C] R245fa HFE7000 Isopentane n-pentane n-hexane n-heptane Toluene
27 Possible improvement Result with n-pentane, Tev=190 C, High temperature application expander/n- Pentanne 1 expander/ R245fa 1 Ex 2 Ex Electric 7 % 11 % Thermal 80 % 72 %
28 Conclusion Investigation of an expander: Good achieved performance (71% efficiency) Well suited for low grade heat source ORC Validated semi empirical model ORC based mchp Annual electrical efficiency of 7% Need a more suitable expander: higher maximum inlet temperature, higher built in volume ratio Can be competitive with other technologies
29 Thank you for your attention.
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