Next Generation Battery Technologies & Thermal Management for BEVs

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1 Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre Next Generation Battery Technologies & Thermal Management for BEVs Where Technology meets Society, Where Mobility meets Technology, Where Logistics meets Sustainability 1

2 Battery technology Electrolyte: organic solvents + LiPF 6 Separator: single or multilayer polymer sheets, typically polyolefin

3 Battery technology Ragone chart (cell level) EDLC Specific power (W/kg) Li-Cap Lead-acid NiCd NiMH Li-Polymer NaNiCl Li-Ion 10 Source: VUB Specific energy (Wh/kg)

4 Battery technology

5 Battery technology

6 Battery technology Ø New approach Ø Combination of high voltage spinel & Si-based anode Ø High voltage electrolyte is needed: 4.7V Ø Energy density >270 Wh/kg Ø Technical issues: Ø Electrolyte stability; Si expansion Ø High voltage spinel at higher voltages and temperatures; Ø Lifetime Ø Power performances Ø 5 to 10 years Source:

7 Battery technology Ø Energy density: Wh/kg Ø Solution for combination with high voltage electrodes Ø Safe Ø Easy to integrate

8 Battery technology Source: Toyota

9 Roadmap EU Source: EC, SET PLAN ACTION POINT 7

10 Battery cost Source: P3

11 Battery cost Source: P3

12 Battery cost Source: P3

13 Commercial solutions Opel Ampera Nissan Leaf Ø # mono blocks Ø few cells in series per mono block Ø several stacks in parallel for having higher capacity Ø e.g. Nissan Leaf: 192 cells, 48 mono blocks, 2 stacks in parallel

14 Commercial solutions

15 Commercial solutions Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHYBRID Source: Daimler Direct refrigerant-based cooling with cooling plate, Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHYBRID

16 Commercial solutions Battery cooling system by Behr using primary and secondary cooling circuit Source: Daimler

17 Drawback existing solutions

18 Existing battery thermal management solutions

19 Existing battery thermal management solutions Test at 100A 12 cell module With liquid-cooling Al-cooling plate design

20 Cost share

21 Drawback existing solutions Ø Developed for dedicated battery cells and application Ø Complex Ø Costly Ø Heavy

22 Needs of future thermal management systems Source: Porsche

23 Needs of future thermal management systems Ø Modular Ø Scalable Ø Energy efficient Ø Designed for fast charging Ø Not heavy

24 Needs of future thermal management systems

25 Needs of future thermal management systems

26 Needs of future thermal management systems

27 Needs of future thermal management systems

28 Needs of future thermal management systems

29 Next generation thermal management systems

30 Next generation thermal management systems Source: Allcell Technology

31 Next generation thermal management systems Source: VUB

32 Next generation thermal management systems Cells PCM with Al-foam Al plates Refrigerant or liquidcooling system

33 Next generation thermal management systems Ø High thermal performance, due to its large interstitial surface area up to 2500m²/m³ Ø High porosity makes it a very lightweight material Ø Mechanical robustness Ø Up to 15% lighter battery system compared to SoA systems

34 Next generation thermal management systems Ø Test at 100A 12 cells module design with PCM (paraffin wax) 12 cells module design with PCM (Paraffin+20%Al-foam)

35 Next generation thermal management systems Ø Test at 100A Water outlet Water inlet Liquid-cooling plate. 12 cells module design with PCM (Paraffin + Al-foam) and liquid cooling.

36 Possible collaboration topics Ø Next generation battery systems (incl. thermal management) for BEVs Ø For existing battery technologies Ø Next generation battery technologies Ø Modular & scalable Ø Tailored made solutions Ø Reduction of cost, weight and volume Ø Thermal management at complete vehicle level Ø Thermal management solutions for inverters, e-motors,...

37 Prof. Noshin Omar Phone Mobile noshomar@vub.acbe Office Building Z THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium mobi.vub.ac.be twitter.com/mobi_vub

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