COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY PRICES IN MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN CITIES. Rates in effect April 1, ,0272

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1 COMPARISON OF ELECTRICITY PRICES IN MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN CITIES Rates in effect April 1, ,0272

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 METHOD 7 HIGHLIGHTS 9 Residential Customers 9 Small-Power Customers 10 Medium-Power Customers 11 Large-Power Customers 14 DETAILED RESULTS 1 Summary Tables (excluding taxes) 17 2 Summary Tables (including taxes) 23 3 Detailed Tables Residential 29 4 Detailed Tables Small Power 35 5 Detailed Tables Medium Power 41 6 Detailed Tables Large Power 47 APPENDICES A Rate Adjustments 53 B Time-of-Use Rates Adjustment Clauses 57 C Applicable Taxes 63 D Utilities in the Study 71 1

5 INTRODUCTION Every year, Hydro-Québec compares the monthly electricity bills of Québec customers in the residential, commercial, institutional and industrial sectors with those of customers of the various utilities serving 21 major North American cities. This report details the principal conclusions of this comparative analysis of prices in effect on April 1, There are three sections. The first describes the method used to estimate electricity bills. The second examines the highlights of the seven consumption levels analyzed, with the help of charts. Finally, the third section presents the results of the 21 consumption levels for which data were collected and compiled in the form of summary and detailed tables. The most recent rate adjustments, time-of-use rates, adjustment clauses and applicable taxes, as well as a profile of the utilities in the study, appear in separate appendices. 3

6 MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN CITIES AVERAGE PRICES FOR RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS 1 (IN /K W H) Privy Council border (not final) St. John s, N L: Edmonton, A B: Vancouver, B C: Charlottetown, P E: Calgary, A B: Moncton, N B: Seattle, W A: Regina, S K: Halifax, N S: Portland, O R: Winnipeg, M B: 8.11 Ottawa, O N: Montréal, Q C: 7.19 Toronto, O N: Boston, M A: Detroit, M I: New York, N Y: San Francisco, C A: Chicago, I L: Nashville, T N: Houston, T X: Miami, F L: ) For a monthly consumption of 1,000 k W h; rates in effect April 1, ) In Canadian dollars. 4

7 MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN CITIES AVERAGE PRICES FOR LARGE-POWER CUSTOMERS 1 (IN /K W H) Privy Council border (not final) St. John s, N L: 8.65 Edmonton, A B: 6.97 Vancouver, B C: 7.04 Charlottetown, P E: 8.90 Calgary, A B: 4.76 Moncton, N B: 7.48 Seattle, W A: 8.20 Regina, S K: 7.81 Halifax, N S: Portland, O R: 8.05 Winnipeg, M B: 4.67 Ottawa, O N: 9.30 Montréal, Q C: 5.17 San Francisco, C A: Toronto, O N: 9.22 Boston, M A: Detroit, M I: 8.50 New York, N Y: Chicago, I L: 8.21 Nashville, T N: Houston, T X: 7.92 Miami, F L: ) For a monthly consumption of 3,060,000 k W h and a power demand of 5,000 kw; rates in effect April 1, ) In Canadian dollars. 5

9 METHOD In addition to Hydro-Québec, this comparative analysis of electricity prices across North America includes 22 utilities: 12 serving the principal cities in the nine other Canadian provinces, and 10 utilities in American states. The results are based, in part, on a survey to which 12 utilities responded, and in part on estimates of bills calculated by Hydro-Québec and confirmed in most cases by the utilities concerned. The results presented here show the total bill for various consumption levels. If the bill is calculated according to an unbundled rate, it includes all components, including supply, transmission and distribution. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION Electricity distributors sometimes offer different rates in the various cities they serve. As well, taxes may vary from one region to another. This, however, is not the case in Québec, where, with the exception of territories north of the 53 rd parallel, taxes and rates are applied uniformly. For the purposes of this study, the bill calculations estimate as closely as possible the actual electricity bills of consumers in each target city, based on rates in effect on April 1, TIME-OF-USE RATES PERIOD COVERED Monthly bills have been calculated based on rates in effect on April 1, The most recent rate adjustments applied by the utilities in the study between April 1, 2014, and April 1, 2015, are shown in Appendix A. CONSUMPTION LEVELS Seven consumption levels were selected for analysis. However, data were collected for 21 consumption levels and those results are presented in the Detailed Tables. TAXES With the exception of the bills presented in Section 2, taxes are not included in any of the calculations. Appendix C lists taxes applicable on April 1, 2015, by customer category; those which may be partially or fully refundable are also indicated. The rates offered by some utilities vary depending on the season and/or time of day when energy is consumed. In the United States, for example, a number of utilities set a higher price in summer, when demand for air-conditioning is stronger. In Québec, on the other hand, demand increases in winter because of heating requirements. Thus, for some utilities, April 1 may fall within a period in the year when the price is high, whereas for others it falls in a period when the price is low. An annual average price has therefore been calculated in the case of utilities with time-of-use rates which are listed in Appendix B. ADJUSTMENT CLAUSES The rates of some distributors include adjustment clauses that allow them to adjust their customers electricity bills according to changes in different variables. Since these adjustments may be applied monthly, or over a longer period, the electricity bills issued by a given distributor may have varied between April 1, 2014, and April 1, 2015, even though base rates remained the same. Appendix B lists the adjustment clauses taken into account when calculating bills. OPTIONAL PROGRAMS The bills have been calculated according to base rates. Optional rates or programs offered by some utilities to their residential, commercial, institutional or industrial customers have not been taken into account since the terms and conditions vary considerably from one utility to the next. EXCHANGE RATE The exchange rate used to convert bills in U.S. dollars into Canadian dollars is $ (C A $ 1 = U S $ ), the rate in effect at noon on April 1, The Canadian dollar had thus depreciated by 12.6% relative to the U.S. dollar since April 1,

11 HIGHLIGHTS The Electricity Rates effective April 1, 2015 sets out Hydro-Québec s rates, as approved by the Régie de l énergie (the Québec energy board) in accordance with Decision D Three types of rates are in effect: domestic rates, for residential customers, the industrial rate, for large-power industrial customers and general rates, for other customers. General rates are applied according to minimum billing demand: small power, medium power and large power. For comparison purposes, the electricity bills of the utilities in the study have been analyzed according to these customer categories. The industrial rate has been used to calculate the bills of large-power customers. RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS The rate applicable to Hydro-Québec s residential customers is among the most advantageous in North America. For customers whose monthly consumption is 1,000 k W h, Montréal is once again in first place. Figure 1 illustrates the results of this comparison. FIGURE 1 Montréal, QC Winnipeg, MB Vancouver, BC Edmonton, AB St. John s, NL Comparative Index of Electricity Prices Residential Customers Consumption: 1,000 kwh/month Calgary, AB 162 Moncton, NB 171 Miami, FL 171 Houston, TX 172 Seattle, WA 173 Portland, OR 194 Ottawa, ON 197 Toronto, ON 199 Regina, SK 200 Nashville, TN 201 Charlottetown, PE 217 Halifax, NS 223 Chicago, IL 233 Detroit, MI 247 San Francisco, CA 385 New York, NY 402 Boston, MA Hydro-Québec = 100 Monthly bill (excluding tax) Rates in effect April 1,

12 SMALL-POWER CUSTOMERS (LESS THAN 100 K W) The comparison of bills for small-power customers is based on a monthly consumption of 10,000 k W h and a power demand of 40 k W. Montréal is in third place, as was the case last year. Figure 2 shows the comparative index of electricity prices. FIGURE 2 Winnipeg, MB Calgary, AB Montréal, QC Seattle, WA Houston, TX Vancouver, BC Edmonton, AB St. John s, NL Regina, SK Miami, FL Moncton, NB Portland, OR Toronto, ON Ottawa, ON Detroit, MI Chicago, IL Nashville, TN Halifax, NS Comparative Index of Electricity Prices Small-Power Customers Consumption: 10,000 kwh/month Power demand: 40 kw Charlottetown, PE San Francisco, CA New York, NY Boston, MA Hydro-Québec = 100 Monthly bill (excluding tax) Rates in effect April 1,

13 MEDIUM-POWER CUSTOMERS (100 TO 5,000 K W) Three consumption levels were analyzed for medium-power customers. In all three cases, the bills of Hydro-Québec s customers have remained below the average of the other major North American cities. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the comparative index of electricity prices for these consumption profiles. For medium-power customers with a monthly consumption of 100,000 kwh and a power demand of 500 kw, Montréal holds sixth place, as was the case last year. FIGURE 3 Winnipeg, MB Calgary, AB Seattle, WA Vancouver, BC Houston, TX Montréal, QC Comparative Index of Electricity Prices Medium-Power Customers Consumption: 100,000 kwh/month Power demand: 500 kw Ottawa, ON St. John s, NL Edmonton, AB Toronto, ON Portland, OR 114 Chicago, IL 114 Moncton, NB 117 Detroit, MI 117 Miami, FL 117 Regina, SK 119 Nashville, TN 142 Halifax, NS 143 Charlottetown, PE 144 Boston, MA 205 San Francisco, CA 247 New York, NY Hydro-Québec = 100 Monthly bill (excluding tax) Rates in effect April 1,

14 For customers with a monthly consumption of 400,000 k W h and a power demand of 1,000 k W, Montréal is in third place. FIGURE 4 Winnipeg, MB Calgary, AB Montréal, QC Vancouver, BC Seattle, WA Edmonton, AB Comparative Index of Electricity Prices Medium-Power Customers Consumption: 400,000 kwh/month Power demand: 1,000 kw St. John s, NL 121 Houston, TX 121 Chicago, IL 124 Ottawa, ON 124 Portland, OR 126 Miami, FL 129 Toronto, ON 130 Regina, SK 133 Detroit, MI 137 Moncton, NB Nashville, TN Halifax, NS 163 Charlottetown, PE 176 Boston, MA 222 San Francisco, CA 252 New York, NY Hydro-Québec = 100 Monthly bill (excluding tax) Rates in effect April 1,

15 In the case of customers with a monthly consumption of 1,170,000 k W h and a power demand of 2,500 k W, Montréal ranks third. FIGURE 5 Calgary, AB Winnipeg, MB Montréal, QC Vancouver, BC Edmonton, AB Seattle, WA Houston, TX Portland, OR Regina, SK Chicago, IL St. John s, NL Miami, FL Detroit, MI Toronto, ON Ottawa, ON Moncton, NB Halifax, NS Nashville, TN Charlottetown, PE San Francisco, CA Boston, MA New York, NY 77 Comparative Index of Electricity Prices 77 Medium-Power Customers Consumption: 1,170,000 kwh/month Power demand: 2,500 kw Voltage: 25 kv Hydro-Québec = 100 Monthly bill (excluding tax) Rates in effect April 1,

16 LARGE-POWER CUSTOMERS (5,000 K W OR MORE) Figure 6 illustrates the comparative index of electricity prices for large-power customers with a monthly consumption of 3,060,000 k W h and a power demand of 5,000 k W. Montréal is in third place. FIGURE 6 Winnipeg, MB Calgary, AB Montréal, QC Edmonton, AB Vancouver, BC Moncton, NB Regina, SK Comparative Index of Electricity Prices Large-Power Customers Consumption: 3,060,000 kwh/month Power demand: 5,000 kw Voltage: 25 kv Houston, TX Portland, OR Seattle, WA 159 Chicago, IL 159 Detroit, MI 164 Miami, FL 166 St. John s, NL 167 Charlottetown, PE 172 Toronto, ON 178 Ottawa, ON 180 Halifax, NS 194 Nashville, TN 220 San Francisco, CA 245 Boston, MA 276 New York, NY Hydro-Québec = 100 Monthly bill (excluding tax) Rates in effect April 1,

17 For industrial customers with a power demand of 50,000 k W and a load factor of 85%, Montréal now ranks fifth. FIGURE 7 Winnipeg, MB Edmonton, AB Calgary, AB St. John s, NL Montréal, QC Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Ottawa, ON Regina, SK Moncton, NB Chicago, IL Houston, TX Seattle, WA Miami, FL Portland, OR Detroit, MI Charlottetown, PE Nashville, TN Halifax, NS San Francisco, CA Boston, MA New York, NY Comparative Index of Electricity Prices Large-Power Customers Consumption: 30,600,000 kwh/month Power demand: 50,000 kw Voltage: 120 kv Hydro-Québec = 100 Monthly bill (excluding tax) Rates in effect April 1,

19 01 DETAILED RESULTS SUMMARY TABLES (EXCLUDING TAXES) Monthly Bills Average Prices Comparative Index

21 MONTHLY BILLS ON APRIL 1, 2015 (in C A$) Summary Table (excluding taxes) Small Medium Large Residential Power Power Power Power demand 40 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 1 5,000 kw 1 50,000 kw 2 Consumption 1,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 100,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Load factor 35% 28% 56% 65% 85% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC , , , , ,498, Calgary, AB , , , , ,449, Charlottetown, PE , , , , , ,723, Edmonton, AB , , , , , ,292, Halifax, NS , , , , , ,066, Moncton, NB , , , , , ,183, Ottawa, ON , , , , , ,875, Regina, SK , , , , , ,004, St. John s, NL , , , , , ,458, Toronto, ON , , , , , ,698, Vancouver, BC , , , , , ,788, Winnipeg, MB , , , , ,230, American Cities Boston, MA , , , , , ,362, Chicago, IL , , , , , ,208, Detroit, MI , , , , , ,519, Houston, TX , , , , , ,283, Miami, FL , , , , , ,347, Nashville, TN , , , , , ,886, New York, NY , , , , , ,192, Portland, OR , , , , , ,387, San Francisco, CA , , , , , ,859, Seattle, WA , , , , , ,344, AVERAGE , , , , , ,393, ) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 2) Supply voltage of 120 kv, customer-owned transformer. 3) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 4) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 5) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 19

22 AVERAGE PRICES ON APRIL 1, 2015 (in /k W h) 1 Summary Table (excluding taxes) Small Medium Large Residential Power Power Power Power demand 40 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 2 5,000 kw 2 50,000 kw 3 Consumption 1,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 100,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Load factor 35% 28% 56% 65% 85% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) In Canadian dollars. 2) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 3) Supply voltage of 120 kv, customer-owned transformer. 4) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 5) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 6) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 20

23 COMPARATIVE INDEX ON APRIL 1, 2015 (Hydro-Québec = 100) Summary Table (excluding taxes) Small Medium Large Residential Power Power Power Power demand 40 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 1 5,000 kw 1 50,000 kw 2 Consumption 1,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 100,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Load factor 35% 28% 56% 65% 85% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 2) Supply voltage of 120 kv, customer-owned transformer. 3) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 4) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 5) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 21

25 02 DETAILED RESULTS SUMMARY TABLES (INCLUDING TAXES) Monthly Bills Average Prices Comparative Index

27 MONTHLY BILLS ON APRIL 1, 2015 (in C A$) Summary Table (including taxes) Small Medium Large Residential Power Power Power Power demand 40 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 1 5,000 kw 1 50,000 kw 2 Consumption 1,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 100,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Load factor 35% 28% 56% 65% 85% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC , , , , , ,722, Calgary, AB , , , , ,522, Charlottetown, PE , , , , , ,104, Edmonton, AB , , , , , ,357, Halifax, NS , , , , , ,526, Moncton, NB , , , , , ,467, Ottawa, ON , , , , , ,118, Regina, SK , , , , , ,415, St. John s, NL , , , , , ,648, Toronto, ON , , , , , ,919, Vancouver, BC , , , , , ,002, Winnipeg, MB , , , , ,376, American Cities Boston, MA , , , , , ,511, Chicago, IL , , , , , ,518, Detroit, MI , , , , , ,797, Houston, TX , , , , , ,473, Miami, FL , , , , , ,806, Nashville, TN , , , , , ,088, New York, NY , , , , , ,793, Portland, OR , , , , , ,425, San Francisco, CA , , , , , ,160, Seattle, WA , , , , , ,344, AVERAGE , , , , , ,641, ) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 2) Supply voltage of 120 kv, customer-owned transformer. 3) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 4) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 5) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 25

28 AVERAGE PRICES ON APRIL 1, 2015 (in /k W h) 1 Summary Table (including taxes) Small Medium Large Residential Power Power Power Power demand 40 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 2 5,000 kw 2 50,000 kw 3 Consumption 1,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 100,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Load factor 35% 28% 56% 65% 85% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) In Canadian dollars. 2) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 3) Supply voltage of 120 kv, customer-owned transformer. 4) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 5) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 6) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 26

29 COMPARATIVE INDEX ON APRIL 1, 2015 (Hydro-Québec = 100) Summary Table (including taxes) Small Medium Large Residential Power Power Power Power demand 40 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 1 5,000 kw 1 50,000 kw 2 Consumption 1,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 100,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Load factor 35% 28% 56% 65% 85% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 2) Supply voltage of 120 kv, customer-owned transformer. 3) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 4) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 5) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 27

31 03 DETAILED RESULTS RESIDENTIAL Monthly Bills Average Prices Comparative Index

33 TABLEAUX DÉTAILLÉS RESIDENTIAL Monthly Bills on April 1, 2015 (in C A$) Consumption 625 kwh 750 kwh 1,000 kwh 2,000 kwh 3,000 kwh Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA , Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 2) Newfoundland Power rates. 31

34 DETAILED RESULTS RESIDENTIAL Average Prices on April 1, 2015 (in /k W h) 1 Consumption 625 kwh 750 kwh 1,000 kwh 2,000 kwh 3,000 kwh Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) In Canadian dollars. 2) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 3) Newfoundland Power rates. 32

35 DETAILED RESULTS RESIDENTIAL Comparative Index on April 1, 2015 (Hydro-Québec = 100) Consumption 625 kwh 750 kwh 1,000 kwh 2,000 kwh 3,000 kwh Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 2) Newfoundland Power rates. 33

37 04 DETAILED RESULTS SMALL POWER Monthly Bills Average Prices Comparative Index

39 DETAILED RESULTS SMALL POWER Monthly Bills on April 1, 2015 (in C A$) Power demand 6 kw 14 kw 40 kw 100 kw 100 kw Consumption 750 kwh 2,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 14,000 kwh 25,000 kwh Load factor 17% 20% 35% 19% 35% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC , , Calgary, AB , , Charlottetown, PE , , , Edmonton, AB , , , Halifax, NS , , , Moncton, NB , , , Ottawa, ON , , , Regina, SK , , , St. John s, NL , , , Toronto, ON , , , Vancouver, BC , , , Winnipeg, MB , , American Cities Boston, MA , , , Chicago, IL , , , Detroit, MI , , , Houston, TX , , , Miami, FL , , , Nashville, TN , , , New York, NY , , , Portland, OR , , , San Francisco, CA , , , Seattle, WA , , , AVERAGE , , , ) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 2) Newfoundland Power rates. 37

40 DETAILED RESULTS SMALL POWER Average Prices on April 1, 2015 (in /k W h) 1 Power demand 6 kw 14 kw 40 kw 100 kw 100 kw Consumption 750 kwh 2,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 14,000 kwh 25,000 kwh Load factor 17% 20% 35% 19% 35% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) In Canadian dollars. 2) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 3) Newfoundland Power rates. 38

41 DETAILED RESULTS SMALL POWER Comparative Index on April 1, 2015 (Hydro-Québec = 100) Power demand 6 kw 14 kw 40 kw 100 kw 100 kw Consumption 750 kwh 2,000 kwh 10,000 kwh 14,000 kwh 25,000 kwh Load factor 17% 20% 35% 19% 35% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 2) Newfoundland Power rates. 39

43 05 DETAILED RESULTS MEDIUM POWER Monthly Bills Average Prices Comparative Index

45 DETAILED RESULTS MEDIUM POWER Monthly Bills on April 1, 2015 (in C A$) Power demand 500 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 1 Consumption 100,000 kwh 200,000 kwh 200,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh Load factor 28% 56% 28% 56% 65% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC 11, , , , , Calgary, AB 8, , , , , Charlottetown, PE 2 17, , , , , Edmonton, AB 3 12, , , , , Halifax, NS 17, , , , , Moncton, NB 13, , , , , Ottawa, ON 11, , , , , Regina, SK 14, , , , , St. John s, NL 4 12, , , , , Toronto, ON 2 13, , , , , Vancouver, BC 10, , , , , Winnipeg, MB 8, , , , , American Cities Boston, MA 24, , , , , Chicago, IL 2 13, , , , , Detroit, MI 2 13, , , , , Houston, TX 2 11, , , , , Miami, FL 2 14, , , , , Nashville, TN 2 17, , , , , New York, NY 2 29, , , , , Portland, OR 2 13, , , , , San Francisco, CA 2 29, , , , , Seattle, WA 9, , , , , AVERAGE 14, , , , , ) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 2) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 3) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 4) Newfoundland Power rates. 43

46 DETAILED RESULTS MEDIUM POWER Average Prices on April 1, 2015 (in /k W h) 1 Power demand 500 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 2 Consumption 100,000 kwh 200,000 kwh 200,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh Load factor 28% 56% 28% 56% 65% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) In Canadian dollars. 2) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 3) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 4) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 5) Newfoundland Power rates. 44

47 DETAILED RESULTS MEDIUM POWER Comparative Index on April 1, 2015 (Hydro-Québec = 100) Power demand 500 kw 500 kw 1,000 kw 1,000 kw 2,500 kw 1 Consumption 100,000 kwh 200,000 kwh 200,000 kwh 400,000 kwh 1,170,000 kwh Load factor 28% 56% 28% 56% 65% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) Supply voltage of 25 kv, customer-owned transformer. 2) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 3) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 4) Newfoundland Power rates. 45

49 06 DETAILED RESULTS LARGE POWER Monthly Bills Average Prices Comparative Index

51 DETAILED RESULTS LARGE POWER Monthly Bills on April 1, 2015 (in C A$) Power demand 5,000 kw 5,000 kw 10,000 kw 30,000 kw 50,000 kw 50,000 kw Consumption 2,340,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 5,760,000 kwh 17,520,000 kwh 23,400,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Voltage 1 25 kv 25 kv 120 kv 120 kv 120 kv 120 kv Load factor 65% 85% 80% 81% 65% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC 134, , , , ,263, ,498, Calgary, AB 117, , , , ,172, ,449, Charlottetown, PE 2 225, , , ,579, ,253, ,723, Edmonton, AB 3 178, , , , ,069, ,292, Halifax, NS 249, , , ,773, ,493, ,066, Moncton, NB 192, , , ,268, ,827, ,183, Ottawa, ON 230, , , ,209, ,598, ,875, Regina, SK 195, , , ,161, ,623, ,004, St. John s, NL 4 208, , , , ,194, ,458, Toronto, ON 2 217, , , , ,415, ,698, Vancouver, BC 177, , , ,034, ,462, ,788, Winnipeg, MB 118, , , , ,013, ,230, American Cities Boston, MA 361, , , ,529, ,611, ,362, Chicago, IL 2 206, , , ,273, ,764, ,208, Detroit, MI 2 219, , , ,465, ,122, ,519, Houston, TX 2 197, , , ,319, ,843, ,283, Miami, FL 2 219, , , ,363, ,952, ,347, Nashville, TN 2 288, , , ,689, ,512, ,886, New York, NY 2 437, , , ,020, ,377, ,192, Portland, OR 2 201, , , ,385, ,973, ,387, San Francisco, CA 2 319, , , ,237, ,176, ,859, Seattle, WA 194, , , ,346, ,818, ,344, AVERAGE 222, , , ,394, ,979, ,393, ) Customer-owned transformer. 2) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 3) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 4) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 49

52 DETAILED RESULTS LARGE POWER Average Prices on April 1, 2015 (in /k W h) 1 Power demand 5,000 kw 5,000 kw 10,000 kw 30,000 kw 50,000 kw 50,000 kw Consumption 2,340,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 5,760,000 kwh 17,520,000 kwh 23,400,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Voltage 2 25 kv 25 kv 120 kv 120 kv 120 kv 120 kv Load factor 65% 85% 80% 81% 65% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) In Canadian dollars. 2) Customer-owned transformer. 3) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 4) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 5) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 50

53 DETAILED RESULTS LARGE POWER Comparative Index on April 1, 2015 (Hydro-Québec = 100) Power demand 5,000 kw 5,000 kw 10,000 kw 30,000 kw 50,000 kw 50,000 kw Consumption 2,340,000 kwh 3,060,000 kwh 5,760,000 kwh 17,520,000 kwh 23,400,000 kwh 30,600,000 kwh Voltage 1 25 kv 25 kv 120 kv 120 kv 120 kv 120 kv Load factor 65% 85% 80% 81% 65% 85% Canadian Cities Montréal, QC Calgary, AB Charlottetown, PE Edmonton, AB Halifax, NS Moncton, NB Ottawa, ON Regina, SK St. John s, NL Toronto, ON Vancouver, BC Winnipeg, MB American Cities Boston, MA Chicago, IL Detroit, MI Houston, TX Miami, FL Nashville, TN New York, NY Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA AVERAGE ) Customer-owned transformer. 2) These bills have been estimated by Hydro-Québec and may differ from actual bills. 3) Bills corresponding to consumption levels of 500 kw or more have been estimated by Hydro-Québec based on the applicable general rate. 4) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 51

55 A APPENDIX RATE ADJUSTMENTS Average Adjustments Adjustments by Customer Category

57 RATE ADJUSTMENTS All Categories Before April 2014 Between April 1, 2014 and April 1, 2015 Year % Date % Comments Canadian Utilities Hydro-Québec, QC April 1, ENMAX, AB January 1, Distribution component Maritime Electric, PE March 1, Typical residential customer EPCOR, AB 2014 n.a. January 1, 2015 n.a. Nova Scotia Power, NS January 1, NB Power, NB October 1, Hydro Ottawa, ON 2014 n.a. May 1, 2014 n.a. November 1, 2014 n.a. January 1, 2015 n.a. SaskPower, SK January 1, Newfoundland Power, NL July 1, Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, NL Toronto Hydro, ON 2013 n.a. May 1, 2014 n.a. BC Hydro, BC April 1, Manitoba Hydro, MB May 1, Interim increase Data concerning American utilities not available. n.a.: Not available. 1) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. 55

58 RATE ADJUSTMENTS (Between April 1, 2014, and April 1, 2015) Adjustments by Customer Category Residential General Industrial Average Date % % % % Canadian Utilities Hydro-Québec, QC April 1, ENMAX, AB January 1, n.a. n.a Maritime Electric, PE March 1, n.a. n.a. n.a. EPCOR, AB January 1, 2015 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Nova Scotia Power, NS January 1, NB Power, NB October 1, Hydro Ottawa, ON May 1, n.a. November 1, n.a. January 1, n.a. SaskPower, SK January 1, Newfoundland Power, NL 8 July 1, Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, NL 8 Toronto Hydro, ON May 1, 2014 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. BC Hydro, BC April 1, Manitoba Hydro, MB May 1, Data concerning American utilities not available. n.a.: Not available. 1) Small power. 2) Medium power. 3) Large power. 4) Distribution component. 5) Small industrial. 6) Medium industrial. 7) Large industrial. 8) Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro rates for customers with a power demand of 30,000 kw or more; Newfoundland Power rates for all other customer categories. Note: Because of adjustment clauses (see list in Appendix B), electricity bills issued by a utility may vary, even though base rates have not changed. 56

59 B APPENDIX TIME-OF-USE RATES ADJUSTMENT CLAUSES

61 TIME-OF-USE RATES The utilities listed below apply time-of-use rates for different consumption levels. For the purposes of this study, an annual average has been calculated for utilities whose rates vary according to the season or time of day (or both). In the case of utilities whose supply costs are determined by the market, the average for the month of March 2015 was used. CenterPoint Energy, T X Commonwealth Edison, I L Consolidated Edison, N Y DTE Electric, M I ENMAX, A B EPCOR, A B Eversource Energy, M A Hydro Ottawa, O N Nashville Electric Service, T N Newfoundland Power, N L Pacific Gas and Electric, C A Pacific Power and Light, O R Seattle City Light, W A Toronto Hydro, O N All levels All levels All levels ,000 k W All levels All levels General: All levels All levels All levels 14 10,000 k W All levels 1,000 50,000 k W Residential General: 1,000 50,000 k W All levels 59

62 ADJUSTMENT CLAUSES Below is a list of utilities whose rates include adjustment clauses that may cause fluctuations in the price of electricity even though base rates have not been adjusted. BC Hydro, B C CenterPoint Energy, T X Commonwealth Edison, I L Consolidated Edison, N Y DTE Electric, M I Deferral Account Rate Rider Accumulated Deferred Federal Income Tax Credit Advanced Metering System Surcharge Energy Efficiency Cost Recovery Factor Nuclear Decommissioning Charge Rate Case Expenses Surcharge System Benefit Fund Charge Transition Charges Transmission Cost Recovery Factor Capacity Charge Energy Assistance Charge for the Supplemental Low-Income Energy Assistance Fund Energy Efficiency and Demand Response Adjustments Environmental Cost Recovery Adjustment Hourly Purchased Electricity Adjustment Factor Miscellaneous Procurement Components Charge PJM Services Charges Purchased Electricity Adjustment Factor Purchased Electricity Charges Renewable Energy Resources and Coal Technology Development Assistance Charge Residential Real Time Pricing Program Cost Recovery Charges Uncollectible Cost Factors Adjustment Factors MSC and MAC Delivery Revenue Surcharge Market Supply Charge Merchant Function Charge Monthly Adjustment Clause Renewable Portfolio Standard Program Revenue Decoupling Mechanism Adjustment Surcharge to collect PSL Section 18-a Assessments System Benefits Charge Energy Optimization Surcharge Low Income Energy Assistance Fund Factor Nuclear Decommissioning Surcharge Power Supply Cost Recovery Clause Rate Realignment Adjustment (U RRA) Renewable Energy Plan Surcharge Securitization Bond Charge and Securitization Bond Tax Charge Vulnerable Household Warmth Fund Credit 60

in Major North American Cities

Comparison of Electricity Prices in Major North American Cities Rates in effect April 1, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Method 7 Highlights 9 Residential Customers 9 Small-Power Customers 10 Medium-Power