BMW Energy Strategy. Short-Term and Long-Term Solutions.

Transcription

1 Page 1 BMW CleanEnergy FuncHy, Overview of Hydrogen storage activities at BMW Michael Stöcklin Dr. Jürgen von Wild Forschung und Technik Page 2 Storage of Hydrogen. Central Challenge. Liquid H2 Pressure Vessel Micro Spheres SCH2 NanoTubes Fullerene NanoFibers Activated Carbon Zeolithe Conducting Polymers Metalhydride complex Metallhydride Chemical Hydride Nano Cubes / MOFs Organic Hydride

2 Page 3 BMW Energy Strategy. Short-Term and Long-Term Solutions. Motivation: reduction of greenhouse gases conservation of limited fossile ressources long term security of energy supply Short- and mid-term Targets: Reduction of fuel consumption Gasoline, eg. VALVETRONIC Diesel, e.g. Common-Rail 2nd Generation EfficientDynamics: Hybrid Long-term Targets : Development of competitive and sustainable products: Hydrogen Vehicles Page 4 Hydrogen-Research-Vehicles Five Generations from

3 Page 5 Commitment CleanEnergy. CleanEnergy WorldTour. Dubai Brussels Milan Tokyo Los Angeles Berlin Sacramento London Johannesburg Page 6 Series Development of 6th Generation. Bi Fuel Concept for First Market Introduction.

4 Page 7 Series Development of 6th Generation. Bi Fuel Concept for First Market Introduction. Internal Combustion Engine Liquid Hydrogen Tank Gasoline Tank Page 8 Energy Storage. Volumetric Energy Densities. Energy Content kwh / 60 liter ) Gasoline 142 LH2, 0,1 MPa abs ~ Factor 3,5 ~ Factor 6,3 108 LH2, 0,4 MPa abs 79 CGH2 70 MPa 52 CGH2 35 MPa Energy content of a virtual tank volume of 60 Liter.

5 Page 9 Alternative Fuels Energy Equivalent Gasoline / Hydrogen Gasoline 43 MJ/kg Gaseous Hydrogen 120 MJ/kg Liquid Hydrogen 120 MJ/kg CGH 2 CGH 2 LH 350 bar 700 bar 2 35 l -253 C, 3-5bar 430 l 256 l 700km range 160 l 5l-car =^ =^ 27 kg 10 kg 10 kg 3xCFRP-Tank (Quantum Typ IV) 2xCFRP-Tank (Lincoln) Steel (H 2 R) CFRP (StorHy) Any shape 15 kg 165 kg < 40 kg 170 kg 126 kg Page 10 LH2 and CGH2. Volumetric energy density of. Volumetric Energy Density[kWh/l] 2,5 2,0 Working Point Engine Liquid Hydrogen (Equilibrium) 1,5 1,0 Critical Point Gaseous Hydrogen (280K) 0, Pressure [bar] 1000

6 Page 11 LH 2 Fuel System. Principle. Multi Layer Insulation Outer Jacket GH 2 Piping Support LH 2 Vacuum Inner Vessel Page 12 Coupling LH 2 Fuel System. Assembly. Outer Vessel Inner Vessel Level Sensor Suspension Heater ECU cooling water heat exchanger System Box

7 Page 13 LH 2 Fuel System. Insulation. Radiation Convection Heat Transfer Page 14 Introduction of Hydrogen. Challenges from the Environment.

8 Page 15 Series Development of of Hydrogen Vehicles. Testing under extreme conditions. High speed track tests Very cold climate condition tests Hot climate tests Proved for customers use Page 16 Hydrogen Safety Concept. Passive Safety. Step 1 Legal and BMW Internal Requirements crash safe package No deformation of hydrogen tank Step 2 Severe Accidents at the Limit Controlled release of hydrogen over the roof/bottom of the vehicle Stufe 3 Worst Case Scenario No bursting or explosion of tank system H 2 just burns away

9 Page 17 Automotive Hydrogen Coupling. Joint Development with GM and Honda. Development of a standardised LH 2 -filling system for autocars. Page 18 Field Testing of Hydrogen Vehicles. Clean Energy Partnership (CEP). Ford Focus Opel Zafira DaimlerChrysler BMW FCEV-Hybrid HydroGen3 A-Klasse F-Cell H 2-7 Series Different approaches, common infrastructure

10 Page 19 Liquid Hydrogen Storage. Perspective. Challenges: State of the Art Vacuum stability Material properties Thermal shock Recycling Stainless steel Cylindrical vessels Plant specific design Page 20 Future System Lightweight materials Free form geometry Automotive design Reduced heat entry EU Funded Project at BMW. StorHy: H2 Storage for automotive applications. Cryogenic bei -253 C Duration: 4,5 Years Budget: ~ 20 Mio. Highpressure bei 700 bar Solid storage

11 Page 21 Source: Page 22 Source:

12 Page 23 EU Project StorHy. Subproject Cryo / HyLighT. Weight [kg] Energy content eqiv. to 50 l Gasoline 4 10 kg 38,3 Gasoline 13,5 gal kg kg 30 kg 13,4 13,4 13,4 LH2 Steel 2000 StorHy LH2 Lightweight 2006 Auxiliary System Tank Fuel Future 30 LH2 Lightweight 2010 Page 24 HyLighT. Lightweight Vessel for Liquid Hydrogen. Inner Vessel Material: e.g. CFRP (Carbon( Fiber Reinforced Plastic) LH 2 Filling Line Gas Extraction Liquid Extraction Outer Vessel Material: e.g. GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) Vacuum Superinsulation Level Probe Metal Liner Material: e.g. AL, CU

13 Page 25 Hydrogen Combustion Engine. Bifuel Concept for First Market Introduction. Power density BMW typical characteristics Serial production Bi-fueled Engine displacement 6 Litres Performance of more than 170 kw (231 HP) at /min maximum torque of more than 337 Nm at /min Page 26 Hydrogen Combustion Engine. Great Potential. Cryogenic mixture formation (~ 200 C) High-pressure direct injection (~ 200 bar)

14 Page 27 Auxiliary Power Unit with Fuel Cell Battery. On-board Electric Power Supply. Unlimited supply of electricity independent of engine operation Air-conditioning during stand-still Immediate heating/warm-up Communication Lights. Target: Complete replacement of alternator and lead acid battery Page 28 BMW CleanEnergy. H 2 Projects in USA, Europe and Japan. Fleet operators/ Prototypes IHIG International Hydrogen Infrastructure Group FreedomCAR/ FreedomFUEL CEP CleanEnergy Partnership TES Transport Energy Strategy H 2 Project - Munich Airport HyNet JHFC Japan Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Demonstration Project Californian Fuel Cell Partnership Californian Hyway Environmental Protection Agency/ DaimlerChrysler/ UPS (Michigan) DOE Department of Energy EIHP European Integrated Hydrogen Project EU Project StorHy Lighthouse (EU) NEDO China SINERGY (Singapore) CUTE Clean Urban Transport for Europe & ECTOS Ecological City Transport System & STEP

15 Page 29 Potential of Hydrogen ICE + LH 2. BMW Record Drive September Length: 5,60 m Width: 2,00 m Weight: 1560 kg c x : 0,21 Engine: V12, 6 litre monovalent H 2 Power: > 200KW Acceleration: : 0-100km/h 0 in 6 s Vmax = 302,4 km/h Page 30 Summary. Requirements for mobile Hydrogen Storage. High energy density Integration into the car Safety Infrastructure Every day Usability