The First Hybrid that Will Pay for Itself The Extreme Hybrid Drive Train by AFS Trinity.

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2 The First Hybrid that Will Pay for Itself The Extreme Hybrid Drive Train by AFS Trinity. Above: Schematic of Power Electronics & Controls of XH Drive Train from AFS Trinity Patent Filings, September 14, The low-cost lithium batteries protected from excessive resistive heating by the ultracapacitors will make the XH-150 much less expensive to purchase. In addition, its much greater fuel economy and extremely low maintenance will make it much less expensive to operate. Consequently, the XH drive train will, for the first time, make it possible for hybrid cars to pay for themselves. 2 2

3 XH-150 Consumer Payback Analysis + Major Dividends to Business and Labor 4 Cumulative Operating Savings $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $- Payback est. in 2.5 $5.00/gal Payback est. in 3.5 $2.85/gal Cumulative savings with $5.00/gal & $0.10/kWh ($37,628) Cumulative savings with $2.85/gal & $0.06/kWh ($22,956) $8,666 drive train price premium $4,666 price premium (reflects est. $4,000 of hybrid tax incentives) 1. Operating costs (energy, maintenance & repairs) based on 340 mi/wk (17,680 mi/yr) in a mixed urban/highway drive cycle. 2. Vehicle Price Premium Payback Analysis does not include finance charges, registration, insurance, etc. 3. Adding V2G capability will reduce monthly charging costs, further improving and accelerating payback. 4. For business, labor, and the nation as a whole, shifting from a problematic gasoline-transport system to a reliable electric grid-based system will pay major dividends in the form of new jobs, new vehicle sales, and economic and geopolitical security. XH-150 Operating Cost Savings Will Provide Rapid Payback 3 3

4 How the XH-150 SUV Gets 150 MPG Today electric-only mode 80% hybrid mode This is not a concept car. It is running now. 80% Electricity + 20% Hybrid = >150 MPG* ( MPG) (30 MPG*) Power Grid Engine + Batteries 78% of Americans drive less than 40 miles/day** gasoline or flexfuel Highway speeds in all modes up to 87 MPH. Zero to 60 times (in seconds): 11.5 in EV mode, 12.5 as mild hybrid, 6.9 as full hybrid. *40 mile range in all-electric mode. 400 mile range in hybrid mode. All mpg figures represent miles per petroleum gallon. **Daily driving data from Vol.3, Issue 4, Oct Omnistats - U.S. Dept of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 4 4

5 AFS Trinity XH-150 Performance Comparison AFS Trinity XH Lexus RX400h AWD 2007 Saturn Vue Greenline FWD 2008 Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid 4WD Combined City/Hwy MPG Time (seconds) for three modes 6.9 as Full Hybrid 11.6 All-Electric 12.5 as Mild Hybrid Top Speed (MPH) Weekly Gas Cost $7.93 $47.60 $45.77 $59.50 Weekly Elec. Cost $7.56 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Total Weekly Fuel Cost $15.49 $47.60 $45.77 $ Fuel economy figures for Chevrolet Tahoe, Toyota RX400h, Saturn Vue Greenline reflect published data citing latest 2008 EPA calculation method. 2. Weekly fuel cost based on gasoline at $3.50/gallon and 40 miles/day of driving Monday through Saturday and 100 miles of driving on Sunday for a total of 340 miles. 3. Tahoe top speed estimated based on 2007 conventional Tahoe. 4. Electricity cost based on PG&E off-peak EV charging rate of 6 cents/kwh. 5. Top speed based on transmission limit. Higher speeds possible with other components. 6. Although the XH system can be optimized for fuel economy, top speed or acceleration, fuel economy is AFS Trinity s priority, so maximizing all-electric range in which no gasoline is burned is our main goal. 5 5

6 In the Future, an XH-250 Sedan Could Potentially Achieve 250 MPG the Same Way AFS Trinity XH-250 (Concept Car) electric-only mode hybrid mode 80% Electricity + 20% Hybrid = >250 MPG* ( MPG) (50 MPG*) Power Grid Engine + Batteries 78% of Americans drive less than 40 miles/day** gasoline or flexfuel All mpg figures represent miles per petroleum gallon. **Daily driving data from Vol.3, Issue 4, Oct Omnistats - U.S. Dept of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 6 6

7 How the AFS Trinity XH-150 Compares to Other Plug-in Hybrids AFS Trinity Extreme Hybrid Range in all-electric mode (without engine): 40 miles Highway speeds up to 88 mph in all-electric mode Fuel economy: 150 mpg on average 10 year/150,000 mile battery life CalCars Prius+ Plug-in Conversion* Range in all-electric mode (without engine): 15 miles Top speed in all-electric mode: 34 mph Fuel economy: 100 mpg on average Unspecified (unknown) battery life Effect of Drive Cycle Speed on Fuel Economy Rating PHEV All-Electric Operating Ranges Miles Per Gallon Prius+ PHEV20 Prius+ PHEV30 XH-150 PHEV40 SUV Speed (MPH) AFST XH-150 EV-only Operating Range 0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Drive Cycle Percent of Miles Driven at >34 MPH 100% Prius+ EV-only Operating Range Miles per Day on 1 Battery Charge *Other Prius+ converters include Hymotion, ElectroEnergy/CalCars, EnergyCS/Amberjac & Edrive Systems. Toyota showed a Plug-in prototype at the 2007 Tokyo Auto Show. It had a 6 mile EV range and needed its engine for rapid acceleration. The only other plug-in hybrids of which AFST is aware are non-operational concept cars. 7 7

8 AFS Trinity-Ricardo Strategic Partnership Technology Partnership to Develop the Extreme Hybrid Ricardo A preferred service provider to OEMs worldwide, including GM and Ford, with 1,950 consultants and engineers focusing on drive trains and new technologies Engine Refinement, Design, Development, Testing, Calibration. Transmission Design, Analysis, Manufacture, Testing. Vehicle Refinement, Packaging, Testing, Calibration. Motorsport Transmission, Software, Engine, Vehicle. Control & Electronics Embedded Technology, Systems Engineering, Rapid Prototyping. Software Design, Analysis, WAVE, VECTIS, CAMSPRING. 8 8

9 Ricardo delivers world class strategy, engineering and technology programs (engine, transmission, vehicle and whole vehicle integration) to the leaders in the global automotive industry always focusing on customer profitability. Corporate, business unit and product strategy Powertrain, vehicle, electronics, systems integration engineering Research Advanced programs Process and business re-engineering Niche manufacture Volume passenger car Niche performance Motorcycle Motorsport Off highway and heavy duty vehicles Mobility enabling local delivery and management Global coverage enabling location to match product cycle Global coverage to assist with client geographical expansion Core centres and critical mass of expertise Leading edge technology, support and program delivery Focus on delivering great products while reducing time and cost 1,950 consultants and engineers in U.K., Paris, Stuttgart, Wolfsburg, Prague, Turin, Detroit, Chicago, Tokyo and Shanghai 9 9

10 Big Shortfall - Demand for Oil is Outpacing Production What Are Our Options? 30 Trend line for world oil consumption. Not sustainable with known reserves and best conventional production. Supply Demand Oil Gap a. Reduce oil for power generation? (Irrelevant - only < 2% used for electricity) b. Seek new unconventional oil? (Deep water, tar sands, oil shale, coal gasification all extremely expensive and produce high amounts of CO 2 ) Gb/a MEast Other Russia Europe US US48 Europe Russia Other MEast Heavy Deepwater Polar P-NGL Base graph from: C.J.Campbell and Anders Sivertsson, Updating the Oil Depletion Model, c. Hydrogen? (20-40 years away and production requires large amounts of energy) d. Flexfuels? (Inefficient from corn and/or incapable of satisfying enough demand used alone) e. Conservation? (Aggressive CAFÉ, big new gas tax, rationing, some other form of mandated reduced useage) OR f. Much more fuel-efficient cars? Answer: All of the above

11 Transportation Drives U.S. Oil Consumption It s also responsible for 1/3 of all CO 2 emissions. Industrial Fuel 13% U.S. Oil Consumption by Segment Buildings 8% Transportation 67% Aircraft 9% Breakdown of Transportation Oil Use Watercraft 6% Passenger Cars 37% Industrial Feedstocks 12% Med & Heavy Trucks 18% Light Trucks 27% Buses 1% Rail 2% U.S. Highway Vehicles Oil Use in ,761,000 vehicles on the road 12,141 miles driven per year per vehicle 21.0 MPG average for all vehicles 10.9 MBD oil used (includes gasoline & diesel) Oil for power generation or industrial use isn t the problem. It s transportation that drives oil consumption

12 XH Plug-in Hybrids Will Reduce Oil Consumption 35.0 Effect of Standard and Plug-in Hybrids on U.S. Oil Consumption Oil use without hybrid vehicles Million Barrels/Day Middle East Imports Other Imports U.S. Production Oil use with 80% penetration of conventional hybrids by 2016 Oil use with 80% penetration of XH Plugin Hybrids (PHEVs) by Year Today s conventional hybrids, such as Prius, Civic & Escape, do not reduce oil consumption enough. Plug-in hybrids such as the XH-150 will reduce oil consumption more. XH Plug-in hybrids, if widely adopted, could cut oil imports in half, thereby eliminating Middle Eastern oil imports and more. The AFST Oil Model shows potential impact of Extreme Hybrid PHEV on North American Oil Consumption 12 12

13 AFS Trinity Drive Train Schematic from Patent Filing May 4, 2006 Left: Figure of Patent Filing, Plug-in Hybrid with Fast Energy Storage, May 4, 2006 Above: AFS Trinity XH-250 Concept Car 13 13

14 XH-150 Mileage and Cost Comparisons - SUV Lexus RX330 Conventional SUV Lexus RX400h Hybrid SUV XH-150 Plug-in Hybrid SUV High Speed Driving Engine Only Engine and Electric Motors Electric only up to battery range, engine and electric motor(s) beyond battery range Electric Range 0 mi 0 mi 40 miles Fuel use* gal gal. 2.0 gal. Electricity use* 0 kwh 0 kwh 96 kwh Weekly energy cost* $37.80 $31.90 $11.40 Mileage* 23 mpg 27 mpg 154 mppg** *Projections based on AFS Trinity trade studies **Based on 340 miles/week; mixed urban/highway drive cycle, $2.85/gal; Electricity priced at PG&E E9A rate for off peak charging of EVs. Currently 6 cents/kwh. Initial XH SUV component sizing for battery, Fast Energy Storage, engine, and traction motors

15 XH-150 Life Cycle Cost Comparisons - SUV Vehicle Model (1) Price Premium for Hybrid Drive Train 5 Yr. Cumulative Operating Cost (2) 10 Yr. Cumulative Operating Cost (2) Lexus RX330 (conventional drive train) Baseline $18,625 $39,364 Lexus RX400h (hybrid) $7,045 (Calculated based on today s component costs) $14,440 Savings of $4,145 vs RX330 $30,933 Savings of $8,431 vs RX330 AFST XH-150 (plug-in hybrid SUV) $8,666 (Calculated based on projected 2015 reductions in component costs - tax credits would reduce this further $6,181 Savings of $12,444 vs RX330 $16,408 Savings of $22,956 vs RX Comparisons are based on luxury mid-sized SUV. 2. Operating costs include energy cost, maintenance and repairs. Fuel costs and electric costs were held constant at $2.85/gal & 6 cents/kwh, respectively. Operation based on 340 miles per week ($17,680 miles per year), mixed urban/highway drive cycle

16 Contact: Laurie Herrick Westdahl, Corporate Secretary (425)