From Passenger Vehicles - California's Program

Transcription

1 Reducing GHG Emissions i From Passenger Vehicles - California's Program Tom Cackette Chief Deputy Executive Officer California Air Resources Board Govs. Summit on Alternative Transportation Fuels and Advanced Vehicles December 14, 2007

2 CA GHG Reduction Goals 2020: Return to 1990 levels AB : 80% reduction Exec Order Approach Regulate emissions Cap and trade program Vehicles are 35% of emissions

3 Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Vehicles Legislature directed CARB to adopt GHG emission standards for passenger vehicles GHG standards adopted by regulation in 2004 Effective w/ 2009 models 4 pollutants CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFC 22% GHG reduction by 2012 models 30% GHG reduction by 2016 models Separate standards for cars/light trucks

4 LDV GHG Standards Reduces Emissions Near Term * Status quo Regulation s ton/day LDV CO % -27% 2020 goal * Fleetwide

5 Consumer Considerations Low GHG Passenger Vehicles Standards allow all models to comply Feasibility based on available and rapidly emerging technologies Price increases ~$ models ~$ models Fuel savings far exceed price increase Payback period 2012 models ~ 1.6 years Payback period 2016 models ~ 2.9 years Net monthly savings to purchaser ~$20

6 Impacts on California Economy In 2020* $5 billion more income 53,000 more jobs Why? Lower operating cost, keeps money in state * Based on $1.74/gallon

7 Principal Technologies to Reduce GHG Emissions CO 2 Reduction Direct injection (DI) 5% Advanced valve control 4-16% Downsize engine with turbo 8% Electric accessories 3% Cylinder deactivation (>4 cyl.) 6% Idle stop/start 6-10% Automatic manual transmission 7% Less friction, lower drag, tires, A/C 5%

8 Low CO 2 Technologies In Use Today

9 Other Technologies w/ Low CO 2 (but not expected to be universally used) Gasoline hybrids 40-50% less CO 2 Diesel 20% less Ethanol (E85) 26% less

10 What s Happened Since 2004?

11 Some Vehicles Already Meet CA GHG Standards 2008 Mitsubishi Outlander 2015 compliant 2008 Chevy Tahoe Hybrid 2016 compliant Toyota Prius 36% below 2016 standard

12 Steady Roll-In of GHG Technology Does the Job 2002 Impala 34lOHV 3.4l 307 g/mi CO Impala 3.5l OHV VVT 310 g/mi CO2 By Add CVVL, ISG ~200 g/mi CO2 By Downsized turbo engine DOHC, VVT, GDI, Imp A/C ~231 g/mi CO2

13 Hybrids in Mercedes Future 44 mpg 2009 ML450 Gasoline V6 287 g/mi CO 2 Meets 2016 Light Truck GHG Standard 51 mpg 2011 C300 Diesel 2.2 liter w/isg 199 g/mi CO2 Meets 2016 GHG Std S300 Diesel 2.2 liter w/isg 221 g/mi CO2 Meets 2014 GHG Standard Caranddriver.com

14 Saturn Outlook/Chevy Equinox 270 g/mi CO 2 19% below 2016 Light Truck GHG Standard Using E85

15 Low Carbon Fuel Standard - Near Term Fuel suppliers reduce carbon content of fuel by 10% Provide necessary alternative fuel infrastructure Price alternative fuel to assure lower carbon content achieved One Scenario - CA Fuel % Use 10 6 Veh Petroleum Biofuel, FFV 4* Electricity, it PHEV * In 2005 biofuel is used as gasoline blend: FFV use of ethanol in CA is zero

16 Passenger Vehicles % GHG Reduction Goal Now # of vehicles in CA, MPG 21 Total fuel, gas. gal eq, Petroleum, 10 9 gal. 15 Carbon intensity 1.0

17 Passenger Vehicles % GHG Reduction Goal One Scenario - CA Now 2050 # of vehicles in CA, MPG Total fuel, gas. gal eq, Petroleum, 10 9 gal Carbon intensity State Alternative Fuels Plan, 2007

18 Passenger Vehicles % GHG Reduction Goal CA Vehicle Mix: One Scenario Petroleum ICE 11% H2 FCV 18% Plug HEV 59% Biofuel ICE 12% State Alternative Fuels Plan, 2007

19 Summary Low GHG emission passenger vehicles Feasible Positive economics to consumer and state Practical: Adopt CA standards 12 states have done so Long term goal (i.e. 80% reduction) requires moving away from petroleum Low carbon fuels and vehicles that use them

20 Informational Websites AB 32 (comprehensive climate protection ti program) Vehicle LEV and GHG tailpipe pp standards Low Carbon Fuel Standard gov/index php?/executive-order/5172/