Language Index. B Bambara, 93 Basque, 92 Baule, 56, Breton, 93, 97, 102 Bulgarian, 65. C Czech, 65

Transcription

1 Language Index A Abidji, 4, 5, 41, 44 Afar (Lowland East Cushitic), 92 Akan, 1 3, 18, 40, 44, 53, 56, 60, , , , 156, 159, 163, 165, 166, , 172, 178, , , 215 Akuapem, 104 á-kye, 40 Albanian, 180 Anlogbe, 4 Anyi, 141 Asante, 104 Attié, 150, 152, 158 B Bambara, 93 Basque, 92 Baule, 56, Breton, 93, 97, 102 Bulgarian, 65 C Czech, 65 E Edo, 41, 80, 81, 210, 211, 229 Emai, 178, English, 105, 106, 126, 134, 138, 146, 179, 181, 185, 186, 188, , 209, 211, 221 Ewe/Ewegbe, 2, 4, 18, 22, 31, 42, 44, 49, 53, 54, 56, 58, 97, 103, 106, , 141, 143, 146, 147, , , 173, 177, 178, 180, 185, 186, , 223 F Fante, 104 Fon/Fongbe, 3, 4, 29, 42, 57, 95, 97, 106, 112, 115, 116, , 123, , 155, 156, 161, 162, 178, 187 French, 3, 5, 28, 34, 42, 44, 99, 109, 118, 137 G Ga, 141, 143, 146, 150, , , Gbe, 1 4, 7, 14, 16, 19, 21 23, 25, 30 32, 40, 42 44, 51, 56, , , 136, 137, 141, 143, 146, 152, 155, 157, Gengbe, 22, 23, 43, 119, 120, 127, 133 German, 7, 11, 12, 14, 34, 35, 41, 57, 65, 69, 92, 94, 97, 109 Ghana Togo Mountain (GTM), 1, 41, 147, 151, 152, 158, 172 Greek, 65, 67 Gungbe, 2 4, 11 15, 17, 18, 22 25, 27 29, 31, 33, 35, 40, 42 45, 47 49, 51, 54 56, 59 61, , 127, 131, 133, 134, 158, 159 H Haitian Creole, 78 Hausa, 33, 97, 98 Hebrew, 65, 67, 97 I Icelandic, 81 Igbo, 1, 30, 78, 178 Indo-European, 4, 46 Irish, 65,

2 234 Language Index J Japanese, 92 K Kikuyu, 27 Kpelegbe, 158, 183 Kwa, 1 4, 8, 11 18, 21, 22, 24 35, 39 41, 43 46, 48 53, 56, 57, 59 61, 95, 97, 102, 103, 106, 111, 114, 137, , 178, 184, 186 L Languages, 1, 65, 69, 71, 93, 97, 146, 222 Lelemi, 151 Likpe, 151, 152, 159, 163, Logba, 158 P Palestinian Arabic, 69 Pashto, 216 Popular French, 99 Q Quechua, 137 S Santome, , 134 Somali, Sranan, 222 Swedish, 69, 109 T Tuki, 97 Turkish, 92, 109 Tuwuli, , 151, 152, 170, 172 Twi, 11, 28, 102, 105 V Vata, 69, 71 W Welsh, 65, 97 Y Yoruba, 1, 4, 5, 7, 11, 17 25, 27 31, 35, 41, 61, 65 86, 93, 94, 106, 141, 145, 146, 148, 150, 152, 157, 161, 162, R Romanian, 65 Russian, 65

3 Subject Index A A-bar chain, 70, 73 A-bar dependencies, 67 Accidental combination, 197, 198, 200, 203, 211, 213, 220, 221, Adjectives adjectival verb, attributive adjectives, 14, 16, 17 predicative adjectives, reduplicated adjectives, 16, 17 Adpositions, Adverb, 201, , 228, 229 ideophone, 46 Agent, 192, 219, 220 Agreeing resumptive pronoun, 65, 66, 81, 84, 86 AGRo, 195, 215, 216, 220 A -movement, 27 Animacy, 215, 216, 220 Aspect aspect marker, 42 45, 47, 48, 51, 52 habitual aspect, 47 habitual marker, 43, 44, 56 inceptive, 49 ingressive, 49 progressive, 49 Asymmetric object properties, B Bare nouns, 11 14, 28 Boolean phrase, 201 C Case, 199, 202, 204, 207, , 215, 216, , 226, assignment, 6 Clausal determiner, 115, 116 Clause-final determiner/clausal determiner, 94 97, 103, 106 Clause-typing, 3, 110, 121, 123, 127, , 134 Cleft constructions, 165, , 172 Complementation, 129, Coordination, , , , , 226, Copy raising, 76 80, 86 Coupling effects, 199, 200, 216, 217, 221, 231 Coupling mechanism, 200, 215, , C-system, , 123, 127, 131, 135, 137 C-type markers, 116, 131, 132 D Declarative, 114, 123, 134, 135 Definite description, , 221, 231 Definiteness, 13, Definiteness restriction, , , 220, 230 Demonstrative, 14 17, 19 29, 35 Determiner, 11 13, 16, 17, 25, 26, 28, 29, 35 Discourse, 3 configurational languages, 145, 172 marker/particles, 60, 61 specificity, 60 Ditransitive construction, 178 Double object construction, E Empty Category Principle (ECP), 67, 70, 71 Essential combination, 198, 200, , 216, 220, 221, E-type pronouns, 210, 222 Event relativization, 30 Events, 143, 227,

4 236 Subject Index Evidential, Expletive construction, 74 76, 81 Extended Projection Principle (EPP), 66, 68, 70 74, 76 78, 80 82, 86 F Factive construction, 15, 30 Fa-stacking, 230 Focus, 11, 30 adjunct, 149, auxiliary, 147, 151, 172, 173 construction, 67 69, 76, 81 ex-situ, 156 in-situ, 142, marked, marker, 61, , 127, 132 marking particle, 151 pitch-accent, 146 object, 149, , 157, 158 out-of-focus, 149, 156, 160 postions, 145, 147, , 158, 159, 164, 168 predicate, 142, 149, , 169 prominent languages, 141 subject, verb copy, , 162 verb, 142, 158, 159, Formal Licensing Condition, 216 Functional head, 5 7 G Generalized pied-piping, 27 Generic reference, 94 H Headless relative clauses, 103, 104 High Tone Syllable (HTS), 67, 68 I Identification condition, , 220, 231 Imperative, 5, 136, 155 Inferential gap, 165, Inflectional morphology, 39 48, 111 Information packaging, Inherent complement verbs, 39, 57 59, Intensifiers, 167, 168 Interrogative force, 134, 135 Intransitive, 202, , 220, 224, 230 I-system, 111, 113, 131, 134 K Key lowering, 2 L Left periphery, , 150, 158, 172 Lexical tone, 1 3, 6, 7 Low tone drop, 6, 7 M Modality, 130, 131, 135, 137 mood markers, 45 Monosyllabic nouns, 2 Monosyllabic verbs, 2, 5, 6 Movement, 65 72, 76 82, 84, 86 N Negation bi-partite, 110, 120, 123, 137 discontinuous, 128, 131, 133 negative concord, 120, 122, 127, 133, 134 negative quantifiers, 121, 122, 128 post-verbal, 44, 109, 110 pre-verbal, 51, , 125, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134, 137 right edge, sentence-final, 44, 45, 53, 61 Nominal inflectional domain, 25, 26 Nominalization, 180, 181, , 226, 227 Nominalized complement clauses, 7 Nominal left periphery, 26 Non-agreeing resumptive pronoun, 65 68, 79, 81, 84 Non-restrictive relative clause(s), 91, NP accessibility hierarchy, Null object, , , , Null operator, 66 73, 75, 78, 80 82, 84, 86 Null pronoun, 197, 199, 200, , 226, Null subject, 215, 217, 219, 220, 230 Number, 195, 215, 216, 220, 229 concord, 20, 24, 35 inflection, 28 marker, 19 23, 35 marking, 19, 23, 28 phrase, 21, 35

5 Subject Index 237 Numeral, 11, Nyá-construction, 188 O Object drop verbs, 207, 208, 215, 220, 224 Object properties, 178, 180, 182 Object shift, 50 Overt Object verbs, OV sequences auxiliated OV, 50, 52 controlled OV, 49, 51 free gerund, object fronting, 53 S Sentence coordination, 126 Serial verb constructions, 39, 53 57, Snowballing movement, 25 28, 117 Specificity, 11 14, Subjacency, 98 Subject extraction, 69, 71, 80 Subjunctive, 114, 135 Suprasegmentals, 1 Syllable, 1 5 Symmetric object properties, 178, 180 Syntactic tone, 3 7 Syntax-phonology interface, 5, 7 P Parataxis, 222 Parataxis plus Pro-drop, 197, 199, 200, 207, 209, 212, 213, 220, 221, 226, 227, features, Possessive construction, Predicate focusing copy (of the verb), 59 focused verb, 59 Preposition stranding, 155 Prospective, 180 Q Quantifier scope, , 184, 190 R Reduplication, 17, 46, Relative clauses (and out-of-focus constructions), 156, 173 Relative complementizer, 93 94, 97, Relative construction, 29 Relativisation, 173 Restrictive relative clause(s), Resumptive pronouns, 65 86, 92, 94, 97 99, 150, 155, 157, 164 Roll-up structure, 26 T Tense, 39, 41 45, 47, 48, 50, 53, 56 Tensed S condition, 79 Tones, 1 8 Topic background information, 143, 156 contrastive topic, 144, 165, , 172 frame topic, 172 marker, 60, 61, 114, 123, 127 prominent languages, 141 scene-setting topics, 165, 167, 168 Topic-comment only constructions, 142, V Verb movement, 43, 48 Verb reduplication, vp-shell, 55 V-to-Asp movement, 43, 44 W Wh-question, Y Yes-no question marker, 116, 132, 137