Baseline Yields at SPES with BEST_cyclotron

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Louisa Hubbard
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1 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna Baseline Yields at SPES with BEST_cyclotron Basic assumptions in calculating baseline yields are provided in bullet form, and explained in subsequent paragraphs. Basic Production method is: direct 40 MeV proton induced fission on Uranium Carbide targets or, where * symbol is used, different production targets as mentioned in the table, are considered. R&D work is in progress at SPES ISOL laboratory to study new target materials. Target geometries are: 7 disks 4 cm diameter by 1.5mm thick (2g/cm 3 UCx density). Evaluation of the SPES production yields are based on calculations and experimental yields measured at HRIBF at the ionization source exit (), normalized to 40 MeV/200µA proton beam. The baseline method is based firmly on existing techniques and does not utilize the full power of the Cyclotron; it leaves substantial scope for improvement as we improve our experience with the machine and the target development. This establishes an initial baseline for post accelerated yields that can be used in evaluating the feasibility of early experiments. SPES makes use of a direct irradiation technique, with the proton beam incident on a uranium carbide target, which has an unusual design that is large diameter but relatively small thickness. This format offers two advantages: first the relatively large diameter (we look at 4 cm) allows the spreading of the power deposition in the target, the second advantage is that the target is large enough to be sensitive to the secondary neutron induced fission resulting from the high neutron multiplicity coming from the p+u reaction (ν~10 at 70 MeV). This effect improves substantially the production of very neutron rich fission fragments. Possible factors of improvements of about a factor 4 5 can be expected from baseline method taking into consideration the maximum power on target which could be eventually obtained with the Cyclotron (70MeV/200µA proton beam current). The fission induced by secondary neutrons at high current and higher energy can still play an additional important role for the production of most neutron rich beams; even higher improvement factors can be expected.

2 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 2/ 10 In order to calculate post accelerated beam currents the inputs required besides the driver accelerator beam current, are the in target production systematics, the species and lifetime dependent conversion of in target yields to ion source yields, and post acceleration efficiency (including charge breeding). An average efficiency has been used for the Linac ALPI and Charge Breeding for the feasibility of early experiments, considering an average value of 3 4% for the Charge Breeder stage and an overall Linac Efficiency of 50%. The Maximum Energy calculated are related to the tabulated charge states q+. Different charge states can change the final energy values according to the attached Figure, violet curve, where the final energy is displayed as a function of the A/q.

3 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 3/ 10 Be* E+06 2.E+07 ** 3 B 4 C target oxides LIS FEBIAD Be* E+07 ** 3 B 4 C target oxides F * E+01 2.E+07 ** 5 HfO 2. ZrO 2 target F * E+03 2.E+06 ** Al 2 O 3. target FEBIAD Na* E+01 5 Al 2 O 3. SiC CeS target SIS Na* E+00 5 Al 2 O 3. SiC CeS target Mg* E+00 9 Al 2 O 3. SiC CeS target LIS FEBIAD Mg* E+01 9 Al 2 O 3. SiC CeS target Al* E+00 7 SiC, CeS, Nb 5 Si 3 targe SIS +LIS Al* E+00 1E+04 ** 7 SiC, CeS, Nb 5 Si 3 target Al* E+00 1E+04 ** 7 SiC, CeS, Nb 5 Si 3 target Si* E+00 1E+03 ** Al 2 O 3. CeS target FEBIAD Si* E+00 1E+03 ** Al 2 O 3. CeS target P* E+00 SiC, CeS target FEBIAD Cl* E+00 5E+03 ** Ce 2 S 3 e CeO 2 target (hygrosc.) ** available beams intensities at HRIBF with Ep=40 50MeV and Direct ISOL at least a factor 10 improvement it is expected. Ni E+01 3,19E+05 6,38E LIS source xx Ni E+01 2,34E+05 4,68E Ni E+00 6,18E+05 1,24E Ni E+00 1,62E+04 Ni E+00 9,11E+03 Cu E+02 9,87E+06 1,97E ,5 LIS source xx Cu E+00 7,89E+06 1,58E ,5 Cu E+01 1,69E+07 3,39E ,5 Cu E+00 1,39E+07 2,78E ,5 Cu E+00 9,17E+06 1,83E Cu E+00 3,81E+06 7,61E Cu E+00 1,43E+06 2,86E Cu E 01 3,46E+05 6,92E Cu E 01 7,89E+04 1,58E Cu E 01 1,79E+04 Zn E+02 7,61E+06 1,52E ,5 LIS source xx Zn E+05 1,83E+07 3,66E ,5 Zn E+01 2,64E+07 5,28E ,5 Zn E+01 3,58E+07 7,16E ,5 Zn E+01 2,32E+07 4,64E ,5 Zn E+00 1,18E+07 2,37E ,5 Zn E+00 3,27E+06 6,53E Zn E+00 1,04E+06 2,08E Zn E 01 3,23E+05 6,47E Zn E 01 5,11E+04 1,02E Zn E 01 7,22E+03 Zn E 02 3,78E+02 Ga E+04 1,07E+07 2,14E LIS source xx Ga E+04 3,98E+07 7,96E Ga E+02 1,06E+08 2,12E Ga E+02 2,02E+08 4,04E Ga E+01 2,71E+08 5,42E

4 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 4/ 10 Ga E+01 2,56E+08 5,12E Ga E+00 1,63E+08 3,26E Ga E+00 8,28E+07 1,66E ,5 Ga E+00 3,05E+07 6,10E ,5 Ga E+00 1,13E+07 2,27E ,5 Ga E 01 3,29E+06 6,58E ,5 Ga E 01 6,06E+05 1,21E ,5 Ga E 02 4,02E+04 Ga E 02 3,62E+03 Ge E+03 7,01E+07 1,40E ,7 LIS source xxx Ge E+04 4,73E+08 9,46E ,7 Ge E+03 7,31E+08 1,46E ,7 Ge E+01 1,38E+08 2,76E ,7 Ge E+01 1,62E+08 3,23E ,3 Ge E+00 3,21E+07 6,41E ,3 Ge E+00 1,16E+07 2,32E ,3 Ge E+00 2,47E+08 4,94E ,3 Ge E 01 6,61E+05 1,32E ,3 Ge E 01 1,11E+05 2,22E ,3 Ge E 01 5,18E+03 Ge E 01 3,71E+02 As E+04 1,17E+07 2,34E FEBIAD source As E+05 5,67E+07 1,13E As E+03 1,73E+08 3,46E As E+02 2,75E+08 5,50E As E+01 7,68E+07 1,54E As E+01 1,63E+08 3,26E As E+01 1,07E+08 2,13E As E+01 6,33E+07 1,27E As E+00 1,86E+07 3,72E As E+00 5,83E+06 1,17E As E 01 1,54E+06 3,08E As E 01 2,07E+05 4,14E As E 01 3,53E+04 As E 02 3,27E+03 Se E+13 1,64E+07 3,28E ,5 FEBIAD source Se E+03 1,29E+08 2,58E ,5 Se E+27 3,73E+08 7,46E ,5 Se E+03 4,07E+08 8,14E ,5 Se E+02 1,45E+08 2,90E ,5 Se E+01 2,16E+07 4,32E Se E+01 6,67E+06 1,33E Se E+00 1,15E+06 2,30E Se E+00 1,36E+05 2,71E Se E 01 1,51E+04 Se E 01 1,84E+03 Se E 01 4,81E+02 Br E+05 9,95E+07 1,99E ,3 FEBIAD source Br E+03 3,20E+08 6,40E ,3

5 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 5/ 10 Br E+03 7,31E+08 1,46E Br E+02 9,83E+08 1,97E Br E+01 7,73E+08 1,55E Br E+01 6,67E+08 1,33E Br E+01 1,76E+08 3,52E ,7 Br E+00 2,23E+07 4,46E ,7 Br E+00 4,31E+06 8,62E ,5 Br E 01 2,91E+05 5,81E ,5 Br E 01 4,45E+04 8,90E+02 Br E 01 1,83E+03 Br E 02 1,82E+02 Kr E+12 4,44E+05 8,88E ,8 FEBIAD source xxx Kr E+08 5,93E+08 1,19E ,8 Kr E+03 2,97E+09 5,94E ,6 Kr E+04 4,04E+09 8,08E ,4 Kr E+02 3,99E+09 7,98E ,2 Kr E+01 4,37E+09 8,74E ,2 Kr E+00 2,12E+09 4,24E Kr E+00 6,89E+08 1,38E Kr E+00 2,28E+08 4,57E ,8 Kr E 01 2,49E+07 4,99E ,8 Kr E 01 1,14E+07 2,29E ,6 Kr E 01 1,47E+06 2,94E ,6 Kr E 01 4,84E+04 9,69E+02 Rb E+06 1,90E+09 3,80E ,8 FEBIAD Source Rb E+18 7,99E+09 1,60E Rb E+03 2,21E+10 4,42E ,7 Rb E+02 4,75E+10 9,50E ,5 Rb E+02 9,62E+10 1,92E ,3 Rb E+01 9,62E+10 1,92E ,2 Rb E+00 5,09E+10 1,02E ,0 Rb E+00 3,38E+10 6,76E ,8 Rb E+00 1,37E+10 2,74E ,8 Rb E 01 2,94E+09 5,88E ,7 Rb E 01 9,89E+08 1,98E ,6 Rb E 01 1,08E+08 2,17E ,4 Rb E 01 4,44E+07 8,88E ,2 Rb E 02 3,27E+06 6,54E ,2 Rb E 02 4,49E+05 8,99E ,1 Rb E 02 Rb E 02 Sr E+06 8,45E+08 1,69E ,0 SIS +LIS source xxx Sr E+08 4,16E+09 8,32E ,6 Sr E+04 1,01E+10 2,02E ,3 Sr E+03 1,76E+10 3,52E ,1 Sr E+02 2,13E+10 4,26E ,1 Sr E+01 1,27E+10 2,54E ,1 Sr E+01 3,00E+09 6,00E ,1 Sr E+00 1,57E+07 3,14E ,9 Sr E 01 1,31E+06 2,62E ,9

6 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 6/ 10 Sr E 01 6,16E+05 1,23E ,9 Sr E 01 2,80E+04 Sr E 01 2,30E+03 Y E+06 4,46E+05 8,92E LIS source xxxx Y E+05 5,11E+07 1,02E Y E+06 2,73E+08 5,46E ,8 Y E+04 1,05E+09 2,10E ,8 Y E+04 2,92E+09 5,84E ,7 Y E+03 5,39E+09 1,08E Y E+02 7,29E+09 1,46E ,6 Y E+00 4,47E+08 8,94E ,6 Y E 00 2,44E+08 4,89E ,4 Y E 01 2,12E+07 4,24E ,4 Y E+00 2,69E+07 5,38E ,4 Y E 01 5,52E+06 1,10E ,2 Y E 01 1,19E+06 2,39E ,2 Y E 01 2,76E+05 5,52E ,2 Y E 01 4,10E+04 Y E 01 5,14E+03 Ag E+02 2,58E+06 5,16E LIS source xx Ag E+01 9,60E+07 1,92E Ag E+05 4,11E+08 8,22E Ag E+04 1,27E+09 2,54E Ag E+04 3,17E+09 6,34E Ag E+00 2,83E+09 5,66E ,9 Ag E+03 1,06E+10 2,12E ,9 Ag E+02 1,41E+10 2,82E ,9 Ag E+01 1,51E+10 3,02E ,9 Ag E+00 5,17E+09 1,03E ,9 Ag E+00 2,12E+09 4,24E ,9 Ag E+00 6,72E+08 1,34E ,8 Ag E 01 1,82E+08 3,64E ,8 Ag E 01 3,76E+07 7,52E ,8 Ag E 01 6,67E+06 1,33E ,8 Ag E 01 7,94E+05 1,59E ,8 Ag E 01 1,62E+05 3,23E ,8 Ag E 01 1,52E+04 3,04E+02 Ag E 01 2,15E+03 4,30E+01 Ag E 02 1,02E+02 2,03E+00 Cd E+23 9,14E+06 1,83E ,8 LIS source xx Cd E+05 1,13E+08 2,26E ,7 Cd E+03 6,16E+08 1,23E ,7 Cd E+03 1,06E+09 2,12E ,6 Cd E+02 1,47E+09 2,94E ,5 Cd E+01 1,66E+09 3,32E ,4 Cd E+01 1,45E+09 2,90E ,3 Cd E+00 9,07E+08 1,81E ,3 Cd E+00 3,34E+08 6,68E ,2 Cd E+00 1,02E+08 2,04E ,2 Cd E 01 1,87E+07 3,74E ,2

7 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 7/ 10 Cd E 01 4,34E+06 8,68E ,1 Cd E 01 7,44E+05 1,49E ,1 Cd E 01 1,43E+05 2,87E ,0 Cd E 01 1,27E+04 2,54E+02 Cd E 01 9,94E+02 In E+01 4,61E+05 9,22E SIS+LIS source xx In E+22 4,23E+06 8,46E In E+01 7,38E+06 1,48E In E+03 8,29E+07 1,66E ,8 In E+00 5,35E+07 1,07E ,6 In E+02 5,88E+08 1,18E ,4 In E+00 2,27E+08 4,54E ,4 In E+01 1,32E+09 2,64E ,4 In E+00 3,51E+08 7,02E ,2 In E+00 1,08E+09 2,16E ,2 In E+00 6,67E+08 1,33E ,2 In E+00 4,25E+08 8,50E In E+00 2,00E+08 4,00E In E+00 7,58E+07 1,52E In E 01 2,53E+07 5,07E In E 01 5,44E+06 1,09E ,9 In E 01 7,72E+05 1,54E ,9 In E 01 1,38E+05 2,76E ,9 In E 01 9,89E+04 1,98E+03 In E 01 1,02E+04 Sn E+04 2,02E+09 4,04E LIS source xx Sn E+07 1,28E+10 2,56E Sn E+05 3,50E+10 7,00E Sn E+12 4,21E+10 8,42E Sn E+03 4,08E+10 8,16E Sn E+03 3,18E+10 6,36E Sn E+02 1,75E+10 3,50E Sn E+02 7,89E+09 1,58E Sn E+01 3,42E+09 6,83E Sn E+01 1,56E+09 3,11E Sn E+00 1,38E+08 2,76E Sn E+00 2,49E+07 4,99E Sn E 01 3,11E+05 6,21E Sn E 02 4,99E+03 Sb E+05 1,50E+05 3,00E LIS source xxx Sb E+02 8,21E+05 1,64E Sb E+05 4,35E+07 8,70E Sb E+06 6,87E+08 1,37E Sb E+07 1,98E+09 3,96E Sb E+06 4,53E+09 9,06E Sb E+05 8,37E+09 1,67E Sb E+04 1,19E+10 2,38E Sb E+04 1,39E+10 2,78E Sb E+03 1,03E+10 2,06E Sb E+03 6,06E+09 1,21E

8 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 8/ 10 Sb E+02 1,90E+09 3,80E Sb E+02 8,06E+08 1,61E Sb E+01 3,09E+07 6,19E Sb E+00 1,44E+07 2,88E Sb E 01 2,06E+06 4,12E Sb E 01 1,48E+05 2,97E Sb E 01 1,84E+04 Te E+04 1,75E+09 3,50E LIS source xxxx Te E+31 6,24E+09 1,25E Te E+03 1,05E+10 2,10E Te E+28 3,22E+10 6,44E Te E+03 2,37E+10 4,74E Te E+05 4,21E+10 8,42E Te E+02 1,56E+10 3,12E Te E+03 1,17E+10 2,33E Te E+01 1,37E+09 2,73E Te E+01 5,48E+08 1,10E Te E+00 8,39E+07 1,68E Te E+00 2,15E+07 4,30E Te E 01 2,16E+06 4,32E Te E 01 2,76E+05 5,51E Te E 01 1,77E+03 I E+06 2,15E+06 4,30E FEBIAD Source I E+06 1,83E+07 3,66E I E+03 3,11E+08 6,22E I E+14 4,19E+09 8,38E I E+04 1,62E+10 3,24E I E+05 5,47E+10 1,09E I E+03 9,15E+10 1,83E I E+04 1,89E+11 3,78E I E+03 1,36E+11 2,72E I E+04 1,73E+11 3,46E I E+01 1,04E+10 2,08E I E+01 2,18E+09 4,37E I E+00 3,44E+08 6,89E I E+00 5,94E+07 1,19E I E 01 9,17E+06 1,83E I E 01 1,40E+06 2,80E I E 01 1,22E+05 2,44E I E 01 1,24E+04 2,49E Xe E+06 3,11E+04 6,22E FEBIAD Source xxx Xe E+05 4,71E+09 9,42E Xe E+04 1,96E+10 3,92E Xe E+02 9,86E+09 1,97E Xe E+02 1,01E+10 2,02E Xe E+01 2,15E+09 4,30E Xe E+01 6,72E+08 1,34E Xe E+00 1,19E+08 2,38E Xe E+00 3,74E+07 7,49E Xe E 01 5,34E+06 1,07E

9 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 9/ 10 Xe E+00 2,37E+06 4,74E Xe E 01 2,24E+05 4,48E Xe E 01 1,60E+04 Cs E+05 8,21E+06 1,64E SIS source x Cs E+05 8,94E+07 1,79E Cs E+07 4,08E+09 8,16E Cs E+13 1,68E+10 3,36E Cs E+06 4,96E+10 9,92E Cs E+08 1,07E+11 2,14E Cs E+03 1,18E+11 2,36E Cs E+02 9,77E+10 1,95E Cs E+01 3,41E+10 6,82E Cs E+01 1,30E+10 2,60E Cs E+00 1,34E+09 2,69E Cs E+00 5,89E+08 1,18E Cs E+00 1,74E+08 3,49E Cs E 01 3,42E+07 6,83E Cs E 01 4,46E+06 8,91E Cs E 01 4,91E+05 9,81E Cs E 01 5,47E+04 1,09E Cs E 01 3,16E+03 6,31E Ba E+08 1,14E+06 2,28E SIS+LIS source xxx Ba E+03 1,88E+10 3,76E Ba E+06 6,05E+10 1,21E Ba E+03 1,61E+10 3,22E Ba E+02 9,33E+09 1,87E Ba E+01 1,48E+08 2,96E Ba E+01 5,69E+07 1,14E Ba E+00 7,25E+06 1,45E Ba E+00 7,12E+05 1,42E Ba E 01 4,98E+04 9,96E Ba E 01 4,28E+03 Ba E 01 2,19E+02 Ba E 01 1,73E+01 La E+12 3,45E+06 6,90E SIS source x La E+18 2,60E+07 5,20E La E+05 5,53E+08 1,11E La E+04 1,55E+09 3,10E La E+03 3,14E+09 6,28E La E+02 4,31E+09 8,62E La E+01 1,83E+09 3,66E La E+01 9,91E+08 1,98E La E+00 1,33E+08 2,66E La E+00 3,42E+07 6,84E La E+00 2,62E+06 5,24E La E+00 5,28E+05 1,06E La E 01 6,29E+04 1,26E La E+00 1,00E+04 La E+00 7,01E+02 La E 01 1,69E+01

10 September 2010 Ref.: F. Gramegna 10/ 10 As* E+06 1,45E+04 2,90E ZrC ZrO 2 target FEBIAD As* E+06 1,89E+05 3,78E ZrC ZrO 2 target FEBIAD Br* E+02 3,01E+04 6,02E ,3 ZrC ZrO 2 target FEBIAD Br E+03 3,41E+06 6,82E ,3 ZrC ZrO 2 target FEBIAD Rb* E+06 3,55E+06 7,10E ZrC ZrO 2 target SIS Rb* E+06 4,01E+07 8,02E ZrC ZrO 2 target SIS Sr* E+06 2,23E+05 4,46E ,2 ZrC ZrO 2 target SIS Cs* E+05 8,21E+06 1,64E LaCx CeS target SIS source x Cs* E+05 8,94E+07 1,79E LaCx CeS target SIS source x I* E+06 1,83E+07 3,66E LaCx CeS target FEBIAD Ba* E LaCx CeS target SIS source x La* E CeS target SIS source x La* E CeS target SIS source x La* E+04 2,28E+04 4,56E LaCx CeS target SIS source x La* E E E LaCx CeS target SIS source x Ce* E LaCx target SIS Lu* E TaC target SIS Hf* E TaC target FEBIAD

Radionuclide atomic number A 1 (TBq) A 1 (Ci) A 2 (TBq) A 2 (Ci) (TBq/g) (Ci/g) Ac-225 Actinium(89) x x

Radionuclide atomic number A 1 (TBq) A 1 (Ci) A 2 (TBq) A 2 (Ci) (TBq/g) (Ci/g) Ac-225 Actinium(89) x x Ac-225 Actinium(89) 0.6 16.2 1x10-2 0.270 2.1x10 3 5.8x10 4 Ac-227 40 1080 2x10-5 5.41x10-4 2.7 7.2x10 1 Ac-228 0.6 16.2 0.4 10.8 8.4x10 4 2.2x10 6 Ag-105 Silver(47) 2 54.1 2 54.1 1.1x10 3 3.0x10 4 Ag-108m