DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS. by Matimba Mathebula, Xahumba Engineering Consulting (Pty) Ltd

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1 DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS IN RURAL AREAS by Matimba Mathebula, Xahumba Engineering Consulting (Pty) Ltd

2 Table of Contents Xahumba Engineering Consulting (XEC) Background Services Offered by XEC XEC Experience on Solar Systems Benefits of Using Solar Systems Solar Home Systems in Rural Areas Project Background Design Installation Maintenance Conclusion Recommendations

3 XAHUMBA EENGINEERING CONSULTING BANKGROUND Founded in the year 2010 as a close-corporation by Mr. Max Chauke Pr. Eng. Converted to Pty Ltd in 2017 Directors and management remain the same 100% black owned, Level 1 BBBEE rating CIDB Grade: 7 EB PE, 1ME PE Engineers, technologists and technicians are members of ECSA and SAIEE

4 XEC OFFERED SERVICES Electrical Engineering Solar PV Systems HVAC Systems Project Management Energy Audits and Management Certificate of Compliance

5 SOLAR SYSTEMS EXPERIENCE More than 1.5MW has been installed, including 2X30MW solar farms as part of IPP Installed systems include rooftops, carports and ground mounted Rural, Commercial and Industrial

6 SOLAR SYSTEMS EXPERIENCE 30kW Rooftop PV system in Limpopo (Phalaborwa)

7 SOLAR SYSTEMS EXPERIENCE Testing and Commissioning of 2X30MW PV solar systems in Limpopo (Witkop & Soutpan)

8 SOLAR SYSTEMS EXPERIENCE 30kW Carport PV system in Limpopo (Polokwane)

9 SOLAR SYSTEMS EXPERIENCE 160W Solar Home systems in KZN, Free State and North West

10 XEC CLIENTS

11 Free Power No CO2 Emission Saves Water No Tariff hikes DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY BENEFITS Advantages of a Solar System Sun is a source of energy No fossil fuels for power generation 1,28 kilolitres per 1MWh You are your Own distributor

12 SHS PROGRAMME BACKGROUND South African Government initiated a Non-Grid Programme through Department of Energy (DoE) High number of households without electricity has been identified Solar home systems (SHS) technology identified to close the gap Local municipalities across South Africa are benefiting from the programme The programmed targets rural communities DoE appointed XEC and Sun Electricity (Joint Venture) in 2015 to provide the design, installation and maintenance

13 SHS DESIGN CLIENT SPECIFICATION Minimum of 95Wp solar system Minimum battery of 96Ah, 12V Maximum of eight lights of8 X 3W each Connect of DC TV, Radio, DSTV and phone charger XEC CONSIDERATIONS 2 days of autonomy Solar panel s operation at local temperature SANS 959-3/NRS W lights to be used outside instead of 3W 80% battery s maximum depth of discharge (DoD). Daily recommended is 20% GUIDELINES SANS 959-1/NRS SANS System losses Beneficiaries safety.

14 SHS DESIGN (ENERGY REQUIRED) DESCRIPTION POWER(W) QUANTITY HOURS TOTAL POWER (W) WATT-HOUR Interior Lights Exterior Lights TV Radio DSTV-Decoder Phone Charger Total Minimum solar panel output of 93Wp 100W solar panel has been selected

15 SHS DESIGN (LOCAL TEMPERATURE) Temperature has effect on solar panels XEC retrieved Eastern Cape Temperatures -18 C on the 3rd of November C on the 28th of June 1996

16 SHS DESIGN (LOCAL TEMPERATURE) Description Max power (Pmax) 100W Max power voltage (Vmpp) 18.8V Max power current (Imp) 5.51A Open circuit voltage (Voc) 22.1V Short circuit current (Isc) 6.04A Cells Number of cells 36 Temperature Coefficient Isc Voc Pmax Temperature at Standard Test Condition (STC) Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) Polycrystalline %/ C -0.31%/ C -0.41%/ C 25 C 45 C Panels are tested at standard test conditions (STC) Each degree rise in temperature above 25 C affect other parameters Short-circuit current decays by 0.051%, Open-circuit voltage by 0.31%, Power by 0.41%.

17 SHS DESIGN (LOCAL TEMPERATURE) V OC_maximum = T Local_Minimum + TSC V oc temperature coefficient 100 = = 21.73V Voc V OC_minimum = T Local_maximum + NOCT TSC V oc temperature coefficient 100 = = 18.58V Vmpp Voc ranges between 18,58V and 21,73V

18 SHS DESIGN (BATTERY SIZE) Recommended days of autonomy is 2 days Solar panels are less effective during rainy/overcast days Battery should have enough power to keep the load running 102Ah battery Battery Ah = = = 102.5Ah Appliances Wh Days of autonomy Depth of Discharge Battery Voltage

19 SHS DESIGN (BATTERY CHARGING HOURS) Solar panel should have enough power to charge the selected battery 100% depth of discharge used for calculations - worst case scenario Hours Required = = Battery Ah DoD System Voltage Solar Panel Power % = 12.24h SANS 959-1:2016 section , EC sun hours is 5.2 Approximately 2 days to charge the battery up to 100%

20 CHARGING HOURS (H) DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SHS DESIGN (BATTERY CHARGING HOURS) 14 12, , ,57 9,79 8 7,34 6,12 6 4,9 4 3,67 2, , DOD (%)

21 SHS DESIGN (SUMMARY) 100Wp Solar Panel 102Ah, 12V Battery 10A Charge Controller 3W Internal Lights 5W Exterior Lights DC TV, Radio and DSTV Points

22 SHS INSTALLATIONS XEC deployed more than 10 installation teams Qualified and experienced personnel conducted the installations Detailed training conducted prior to commencement Health and quality issues we tackled One system installed and used as a standard system prior to commencement of installations Inspection of material Potential threats were identified and planned for

23 SHS INSTALLATIONS(IDENTIFIED THREATS) THREATS IMPACT MITIGATION Bad roads More time spent on delivery Beneficiaries to collect material from a neutral point. Cracked walls It puts the lives of workers in Avoid climbing on cracked walls. danger. Take pictures of the cracked walls. Beneficiaries might sue for Beneficiaries must sign a declaration cracked walls. forms. Shading Solar panel produces less or no power due to shading. Home owners not available Disturbance of the installation schedule. Delay of the project Community members attacking technicians Injuries and/or loss of lives Loss of trust and sound workmanship Install solar panels where it will get enough radiation from the sun. Arrange for the tree/s to be cut down if the shading is caused by trees. Share installation schedules with ward committees. Word of mouth is very powerful in rural areas; therefore, spread out a word one or two days in advance. Have local labourer/s on site. Ward committees to accompany installation teams.

24 SHS INSTALLATIONS (PICTURES)

25 SHS INSTALLATIONS (PICTURES)

26 SHS MAINTENANCE Systems malfunction as time goes on Maintenance is conducted to keep the system in good condition XEC has set up an office and system to deal with maintenance Beneficiaries were provided with unique number during installations stages Unique numbers are linked to beneficiaries information Beneficiaries are only requested to verify ID numbers and locations Job order is created an assigned to the closest team Respond time is 24 hours

27 SHS MAINTENANCE (CHALLENGES) Beneficiaries disconnecting the systems Illegal connections Stolen systems

28 CONCLUSION XEC and its partner has installed SHS between March 2015 and May job opportunities were created, 400 were local labourers (87 female) Installed SHS met client specifications and needs of beneficiaries XEC edge the government to continue with the programme Installation of SHS restores dignity to South African people School children have adequate light environment Loss of lives has reduced

29 RECOMMENDATIONS SHS sizes should be increased Inverters should be deployed to the systems Local municipalities should use the opportunity to uplift small local enterprises Local municipalities should assist in identifying communities in need South African Government should provide more funds for implementation of solar systems

30 THANK YOU!!!!!!

31 FEEL FREE TO CONTACT US Matimba Mathebula Max Chauke Office