Vermont s Delivery of Energy Efficiency Part I: Electric Utilities
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1 Vermont s Delivery of Energy Efficiency Part I: Electric Utilities NARUC Energy Regulatory Partnership Program The Energy Regulatory Commission of the Republic of Macedonia and The Vermont Public Service Board by Aaron Adler, Special Counsel Vermont Department of Public Service May 23, 2005
2 Overview of Presentation Section I: Institutional Structure Section II: Funding Section III: Performance 2
3 Section I: Electric Utility Institutional Structure (before Energy Efficiency Utility) 22 franchised distribution utilities providing retail service in separate territories (now 21) 5 (now 4) investor-owned distribution utilities 2 member-owned distribution utilities (cooperatives) 15 municipal government distribution utilities One electric transmission utility, owned by the distribution utilities Serving a total population of approximately 600,000 3
4 Vermont Electric Utility Service Territories (as they existed before the Efficiency Utility) 4
5 Section I: Institutional Structure State Government Entities Vermont Public Service Board decision-making tribunal typically functions like a court determines utility rates, approves resource plans Vermont Department of Public Service public advocate before the Board provided testimony on utility efficiency program design and delivery, verification of savings claims by statute, issues plans stating policies and objectives for Vermont s energy future 5
6 Section I: Institutional Structure Utility Efficiency Service Delivery Electric distribution utilities obliged to deliver electric energy efficiency services Utilities deliver within their own territories, via own personnel or contractors Utilities required by state to obtain efficiency resources through state permit process for development projects 6
7 Section I: Institutional Structure Issues in Utility Efficiency Service Delivery Multiple service territories of utilities create issues for delivery of efficiency services, including: Programs, rebates, and incentives vary throughout small state Vendor, customer confusion Cost-effectiveness screening varies by territory 7
8 Section II: Funding Utility Energy Efficiency Delivery in Vermont Vermont electric utilities are compensated primarily by selling kilowatt hours Costs for efficiency were contained within utility rates for electric service Many utilities carried expenditures on books between rate cases Accounts accumulated carrying costs until rate case Once expenditures approved for rates, utilities received an amortization expense amount and a rate of return on unamortized balance Increased costs to ratepayers over long term 8
9 Section II: Funding of Utility Energy Efficiency Delivery (cont.) Accounts Correcting for Efficiency was a mechanism to remove disincentive of lost sales due to efficiency Compensated utilities for net lost revenues incurred between rate cases due to their efficiency efforts Formula: net revenue loss = retail (gross) revenue reduction system benefits during same period Added cost to ratepayers; was source of litigation 9
10 Section III: Vermont Electric Utility Performance in Delivering Efficiency Variable utility performance: Mission conflict: sell electricity v. reduce use Delivery by investor-owned utilities yields mixed results Investment declines with energy market changes in U.S., consideration of retail choice in Vermont Delivery by 14 of 15 municipal utilities limited; one municipality, Burlington, embraces efficiency Delivery by member-owned utilities strong when supportive boards elected 10
11 Section III: Energy Efficiency Performance Vermont Electric Utilities 2000-on Vermont s Efficiency Utility Millions $ Thousands MWh Utility Program Costs Incremental MWh Savings 0 11
12 Section III: Electric Utility Performance Leads to Litigation and a Plan for Change Disputes and falling performance result in litigation before Vermont Public Service Board Penalties could be and were assessed in rate cases and management investigations Resource plan reviews to encourage acquisition of efficiency result in litigation In 1997, Vermont Department of Public Service issues a plan called The Power to Save, proposing an energy efficiency utility 12
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