Structuring a Solar Development
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1 Your Trusted Sustainability Partner. Structuring a Solar Development Jack Honor Project Development Manager Developing Solar on Landfills and Brownfields June 12, 2017
2 About Ameresco Founded in 2000 NYSE: AMRC Core services include renewable energy and energy efficiency 2016 revenue of $651.2 million Arranged financing for over $2.2 billion in energy projects Constructed over $5.5 billion in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects Corporate headquarters in Framingham, MA and a national presence including more than 1000 employees Solar Experience 150MW Constructed Over 100 Projects financed under PPA structure for local government 16 Landfill projects totaling 25.8MW Page 2
3 Rumford Landfill 2.5MW Newton, Massachusetts Project Structure
4 Structures How Can We Participate Lease Only You are a landfill owner seeking lease revenue Lease and Electricity You are a landfill owner seeking lease revenue AND desire to purchase solar energy but are not looking to invest capital Project Investment and/or Ownership You are a landfill owner and want to invest in a solar energy project Page 4
5 Sudbury Landfill 1.5MW Sudbury, Massachusetts Lease Only
6 Lease-Only What are developers looking for? Size Topography Constructability Utility infrastructure Date of Presentation Clean closure Clear environmental responsibility Location Solar-friendly state or utility Typical 3-phase distribution Page 6
7 Key Policies and Regulations Net Metering Customers who generate their own electricity from solar power can feed electricity they do not use back into the grid Virtual Net Metering Allows power generated by a project to be applied to multiple offsite accounts 3 rd Party Ownership Solar Developer can own the project and sell electricity to a customer via a Power Purchase Agreement Community Solar Policy that allows for electricity to be shared among a large number of customers including residential A good developer will master the Fine Print in each state and utility s net metering programs and carefully model the value a customer will receive for electricity Page 7
8 Net Metering / April 2017 DC 39 States + DC, AS, USVI, & PR have mandatory Net Metering rules KEY State-developed mandatory rules for certain utilities (39 states + DC+ 3 territories) No statewide mandatory rules, but some utilities allow net metering (2 states) Statewide distributed generation compensation rules other than net metering (6 states + 1 territory) U.S. Territories: AS PR VI GU
9 3 rd Party Solar PV Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) / April 2017 NV: With system size limitations CO: With system size limitations VA: Limited capacity DC AZ: Limited to certain sectors Apparently disallowed by state or otherwise restricted by legal barriers Status unclear or unknown TX: With system size limitations U.S. Territories Authorized by state or otherwise currently in use, at least in certain jurisdictions PR Guam USVI NMI LA, MS, SC: Solar leases explicitly allowed At Least 26 States + Washington DC and Puerto Rico Authorize or Allow 3 rd Party Power Purchase Agreements for Solar PV
10 The State of Community Solar Currently only 14 states + Washington DC have community solar regulations in place But 26 states have at least 1 community solar project online And many more have regulations in process Source: Shared Renewables HQ / Vote Solar Page 10
11 Common Offtakers for Lease-Only Utility (investor-owned or municipal) > RPS requirements or PURPA > Pilot programs > Utility-run community solar 3 rd party via net metering > Municipality or other public entity > Private companies Retail Market > 10MW+ Community Solar Stockbridge Landfill, Massachusetts 900kW DC Offtaker: Town of Stockbridge w/ Virtual Net Metering Completed 2016/2017 under SREC II Program Page 11
12 Lease Rates How much lease is common? > Based on project revenue > Construction & interconnection costs > Electricity prices > State incentive programs What about property tax? > Real property versus personal property > Exempt or set PILOT amounts common > Can be additional revenue stream for municipal owners Approximate Lease Rates by Region Massachusetts: $2,000 - $5,000 California: $2,000 - $5,000 Northeast: $1,200 - $3,000 Other Markets $1,000 - $2,000 Page 12
13 Lease and Electricity
14 Lease and Electricity Power purchase agreement > Regulations > Economics Net Metering > Onsite versus Virtual Wholesale Community Solar > Common to have municipality as anchor Acton Landfill, Massachusetts 1.5MW DC Offtaker: Town of Acton w/ Virtual Net Metering Completed 2013 under SREC I Program Page 14
15 Power Purchase Agreements Solar developer owns and operates Can be 3 rd party involved for financing No operational risk > Only pay for power produced > Performance guarantees > O&M included Commonly 20 to 25 year term Fixed prices > Flat or increasing Reliant on Net Metering typically Consider end of contract provisions Credit rating of offtaker Electricity Savings Lease Revenue Page 15
16 Lowell Landfill 1.5MW Lowell, Massachusetts Ownership Structures
17 Ownership Public Entity School District, Municipality, State Agency, Housing Authority, State Government, Federal Government, Military, etc. Opportunities Lowest LCOE Return on investment Subsidized financing available Challenges No lease revenue Not eligible for tax benefits Operational risk The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is the net present value of the unitcost of electricity over the lifetime of a generating asset. Page 17
18 Ownership Private Entity Opportunities Lowest LCOE Return on investment Investment Tax Credit (30%) MACRS 5-year depreciation Bonus depreciation (50% in year 1) Challenges No lease revenue Financing more costly No subsidized financing Operational risk Investment Tax Credit (ITC) - 30 percent for projects which commence construction through 2019, declining to 26 percent in 2020 and 22 percent in After 2021, commercial and utility credit will drop to a permanent 10 percent Page 18
19 Subsidized Financing for Public Entities TELP Tax Exempt Lease Purchase (or Municipal Lease) > Customer granted title to equipment during lease and retains ownership after lease ends > Solar developers or financiers can arrange private placement > Minimal (often none) cost of issuance > Payments treated as expense rather than debt > Interest rates fixed during repayment term (typically for solar years) > Excellent vehicle for energy efficiency improvements and/or energy performance contracting > Savings can often be guaranteed Successful Solar Project TELP Equation Value of Electricity > Lease Payments + O&M Page 19
20 Subsidized Financing for Public Entities CREBs - Clean Renewable Energy Bonds > Bond issued to finance renewable energy projects. > Issuer (Solar project owner) responsible for repaying the principal on the bond > Private bondholders receive federal tax credits in lieu of a portion of the traditional bond interest, resulting in a lower effective interest rate for the borrower. > Maximum project size: $40 million. More than $160 billion remaining available cap QECB Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds > Similar in mechanism to CREBs but funding cap allocated to states, local governments, and tribal governments based upon population. > Remaining allocation varies greatly by region Advantages: Very low cost financing Challenges Higher transaction costs and more complicated versus a PPA or TELP Many public entities averse to debt Caps on volume and allocation Allocation for QECB s based on state, region, population Page 20
21 Case Study: City of Pittsfield Massachusetts - PPA 2.91 MW DC System on the City s municipal landfill 20-year PPA with no escalator, and decommissioning at end of term Funded in part by MA SREC II $140,000 per year in combined electricity savings and property tax > Solar projects are taxed as business personal property in MA Schedule: > Contract signed July, 2015 > Project construction completed December 2016 > Online March 2017 This project creates the opportunity to give otherwise unusable land a new life by converting it into a site to generate solar energy. We ve converted what was once a cost center for the City into a revenue generating asset, Jim McGrath, City of Pittsfield Page 21
22 Case Study: Minneapolis Airport - QECB 3MW Solar PV; 7,700 LED Fixtures plus EV Charging Ameresco conducted financing solicitation and arranged funding by QECB at an effective interest rate of $0.75% 30-year NPV of $10M with around $170k in positive annual cash flow The Metropolitan Airports Commission has worked for decades to operate Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport as sustainably as possible, investing millions in infrastructure to reduce impacts to soil, water and air quality, and spending nearly a half-billion dollars on noise mitigation around MSP, - Jeff Hamiel, the Commission s executive director and CEO. Page 22
23 QUESTIONS? Feel free to reach out directly Jack Honor Project Development Manager Albany, NY Your Trusted Sustainability Partner.
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