The Industrial Revolutions: How do we prepare? Wonkoo Lee Department of Chemistry Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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1 The Industrial Revolutions: How do we prepare? Wonkoo Lee Department of Chemistry Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
2 Industrial Revolutions 1 st Revolution 2 nd Revolution 3 rd Revolution 4 th Revolution Based on mechanical production equipment driven by water Based on mass production enabled by the division of labor and the use of electrical energy Based on the use of electronics and IT to further automate Based on the use of cyber-physical systems & steam power production 18 th Century (1784) 19 th Century (1870) 20 st Century (1969) tomorrow
3 The Revolution that changed the world forever
4 First & Second Industrial Revolutions 1 st Revolution in Britain Manual & animal labor was replaced by machines New chemical manufacturing and iron production processes Improved efficiency of water power the increasing use of steam power the development of machine tools the rise of the factory system (textile industries) From cottage industry to mass production Spinning machine invented 1764
5 Spinning wheel The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow. Threads were spun one at a time, by hand.
6 The spinning jenny The spinning jenny could spin up to eight thread at time. The spinning jenny was much faster than the spinning wheel.
7 A cotton factory
8 Agriculture Advances in agriculture were also made. The invention of the seed drill allowed farmers to plant many more seeds much more quickly. The reaper allowed farmers to harvest their crops more efficiently. More crops could now be grown feeding an increasing population.
9 The seed drill
10 The reaper The reaper was used to cut down the harvest. As you can see, it would take a long time to do it by hand.
11 The mechanical reaper The mechanical reaper was a lot faster than doing the hand reaper
12 Steel With the invention of steel, buildings could be made much taller. Steel was much harder than iron, which would bend if made too tall. The steel industry created many new products, and led to the invention of the car.
13 INNOVATION AND INDUSTRIALIZATION The textile industry, in particular, was transformed by industrialization. Around 1778, 20,000 spinning machines were used across Britain. Developments in the iron industry also played a central role in the Industrial Revolution. In the 1850s, British engineer Henry Bessemer ( ) developed the first inexpensive process for mass-producing steel.
14 TRANSPORTATION AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Before the advent of the steam engine, raw materials and finished goods were hauled and distributed via horse-drawn wagons, and by boats along canals and rivers. In the early 1800s, American Robert Fulton built the first commercially successful steamboat, and by the mid-19th century, steamships were carrying freight across the Atlantic. In 1830, England s Liverpool and Manchester Railway became the first to offer regular, timetabled passenger services. By 1850, Britain had more than 6,000 miles of railroad track.
15 COMMUNICATION AND BANKING IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Communication became easier during the Industrial Revolution with such inventions as the telegraph. In 1866, a telegraph cable was successfully laid across the Atlantic. A stock exchange was established in London in the 1770s; the New York Stock Exchange was founded in the early 1790s.
16 QUALITY OF LIFE DURING INDUSTRIALIZATION The Industrial Revolution brought about a greater volume and variety of factory-produced goods and raised the standard of living for many people, particularly for the middle and upper classes. Industrialization also meant that some craftspeople were replaced by machines. Additionally, urban, industrialized areas were unable to keep pace with the flow of arriving workers from the countryside, resulting in inadequate, overcrowded housing and polluted, unsanitary living conditions in which disease was rampant.
17 The Second Industrial Revolution (Started by steel and oil)
18 The Age of Invention From 1865 to 1905 the US had a surge of industrial growth which became known as the Second Industrial Revolution What is the importance of the date 1865? This new era began with numerous discoveries and inventions that spurred growth in manufacturing, transportation, and Americans everyday life As Coal spurred the initial industrial revolution, Steel made the second industrial revolution possible Steel was used in the construction of heavy machinery that mass produced goods
19 Steel was used for Railroad tracks Bridges Building frames Machinery ( the more steel was produced the cheaper it was to buy)
20 This led to Stronger longer lasting rails Stronger bridges Taller multi-story buildings More Jobs people moving into cities
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22 OIL (Black Gold) Advancements in oil refinement also affected the Industrial Revolution Originally oil was processed for Kerosene for lamps to light a house A demand was growing for the oil so {Edwin Drake drills for oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania} Drake s Folly Drake strikes oil leading to oil boom Drakes success led others to drill for oil in other parts of the country
23 Transportation Railroads- linked isolated areas to the rest of the country Steel was so affordable it led to the railroads laying more tracks {Prior to the Civil war railroads in the U.S. averaged 100 miles in length} The first transcontinental railroad was completed in1869 Completed by Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad companies
24 Effects of better transportation First railroads provided many of the country s jobs Building locomotives and rail cars spurred on the steel industry Better faster transportation out west increased western settlement Towns sprang up around railroad stations Companies could now sell products nationally
25 The Car Also known as the Horseless Carriage {Innovations in Oil led to motors and the car} Combustion engine powered by gasoline was invented in 1876 J Frank Duryea built the first practical motor car in the U.S. Use of car was limited due to high cost
26 Henry Ford Henry Ford invented the first practical car, the Model T. The car had been invented earlier, but Ford was the first to make the car affordable.
27 Orville and Wilber Wright The Wright brothers were the first men to successfully fly an airplane. The flight lasted only twelve seconds, but it proved men could fly.
28 Flight The internal combustion engine also led to advancements in flight Orville and Wilbur Wright developed one of the first working airplanes Dec. 17, 1903 near {Kitty Hawk North Carolina, Orville made the first piloted flight} It lasted 12 seconds and went 120 feet, in a powered plane
29 Airplanes
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31 Wizard of Menlo Park Thomas Edison was home schooled He went into the invention business by opening a lab at Menlo Park and doing research He promised a minor invention every 10 days and a major invention every 6 months He held more than 1,000 patents at his death
32 Edison inventions Phonograph Electric vote recorder Light bulb Improved telephone Improved telegraph Early motion pictures Electric lamps Typewriter Electric printer Electric motor
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58 Practice in music Piracy is the new radio in Journalism e.g. Huffington Post in Encyclopedia Wikipedia has outgrown its printed predecessors in volume, depth and use.
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62 The Future of Jobs With the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, 5 million jobs will disappear in developed countries (2016 World Economic Forum).
63 The 4 th Industrial Revolution? Do we know what will happen? How should we educate young generation?
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