Unbalanced Voltage Compensation by Interline Photo Voltaic Systems

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1 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems Unlned Voltge ompenstion y Interline Photo Volti Systems h. shok Kumr 1 M. Umrni 2 1PG Sholr, Deprtment of EEE, Godvri Institute of Engineering nd Tehnology, Rjhmundry, ndhr Prdesh, Indi. 2ssistnt Professor, Deprtment of EEE, Godvri Institute of Engineering nd Tehnology, Rjhmundry, ndhr Prdesh, Indi. STRT This pper presents new system onfigurtion for lrgesle Photovolti (PV) power system with multiline trnsmission/distriution networks. PV power plnt is reonfigured in wy tht two djent power system networks/ feeders n e interonneted. The inverter modules in PV power plnt re onfigured suh tht the system is represented s k to k inverter onneted multiline system, lled s InterlinePV (IPV) system. The proposed IPV system then n e ontrolled dequtely llowing the PV solr plnt to funtion s flexile trnsmission system (FTS) devie, suh s, interline power flow ontroller (IPF). The ontrol system of IPV plnts minly onsists of tive nd retive power droop ontrollers, voltge nd urrent ontrollers nd unlne ompenstor. The negtive sequene urrent is injeted from the IPV power plnt to ompenste for the unlned lods. With the proposed IPV system oth tive nd retive power flow ontrol nd energy mngement in multiline system n e hieved. The IPV system n hve vrious pplitions, for exmple, to regulte the feeder voltges, lod retive power support, rel power trnsfer from over power genertion line to under loded line, improve the overll system performne ginst dynmi disturnes (suh s, power system dmping) nd so on. simultion study is rried out to illustrte one of the pilities nd effetiveness of the proposed I PV system. KEYWORDS: tive nd Retive power ontrol, FTS Devie, Interline power system, Voltge Regultion opyright 2016 Interntionl Journl for Modern Trends in Siene nd Tehnology ll rights reserved I. INTRODUTION Reent tehnologil developments hve mde it possile to generte power, in order of tens of megwtts (MW) to hundreds of MWs, using renewle energy resoures, suh s, photovolti (PV) solr nd wind turines systems. However, s the penetrtion levels of these distriuted genertors (DG) ontinue to grow to the extent tht it is ffeting the norml opertion of power system [14]. The lrgesle rel power injetion y DG systems t ertin lotions on power trnsmission/distriution networks n violte the power system onstrints, suh s, exessive feeder voltge rise [4]. prt from this, the issues relted with poor power qulity, hrmonis, proper tive nd retive power mngement, et. re eoming more prevlent [13]. The dequy of generting pity in power system n e improved y interonneting two or more power systems. etter performne of power system n e hieved y ontrolling the flow of power in interonneted system. lterntely, flexile trnsmission system (FTS) devies hve een utilized to inrese the power trnsfer pility of trnsmission systems nd regulte the power flow over Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

2 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems trnsmission lines. Some of the importnt FTS devies n e listed s, thyristor ontrolled retor (TR), thyristor ontrolled series ompenstor (TS), stti synhronous ompenstor (STTOM), stti synhronous series ompenstor (SSS), unified power flow ontroller (UPF), interline power flow ontroller (IPF) nd others [58]. The ontrol method presented in [12] nd [13] is sed on using twoinverter struture one onneted in shunt nd the other in series with the grid, like seriesprllel tive power filter. The min role of the shunt inverter is to ontrol tive nd retive power flow, while the series inverter lnes the line urrents nd the voltges t sensitive lod terminls, in spite of unlned grid voltge. This is done y injeting negtive sequene voltge Reently, PV solr plnt inverters hve een lled on to perform dditionl tsks, suh s urrent hrmoni ompenstion, lod retive power support nd voltge regultion [914]. This pper proposes new system onfigurtion tht n e onsidered s FTS devie, relized using existing inverters in PV solr power plnt. Generlly, lrgesle PV solr power plnt is onstruted y onneting severl smller inverter solr rry units (order of few hundred kw up to 500 kw or more) in prllel. The ide here is to reonfigure these severl units suh tht two or more trnsmission (or even distriution) lines n e interonneted using the PV solr plnt inverters. The system onfigurtion thus hieved is termed s Interline PV (IPV) system. This onfigurtion is similr in onstrution to the IPF. However, in the IPV system two or more trnsmission/distriution lines re onneted though shunt onneted k to k onverters ontrry to IPF where they re onneted in series with the lines. The proposed IPV system n e used to ontrol the flow of tive nd retive power in multiline trnsmission networks, support leding or lgging retive powers to different lines independently to regulte the line voltge, nd so on. The IPV system onfigurtion ould e n ttrtive solution espeilly during the period when PV solr power plnt remins intive, nmely, lte evening hours, throughout night hours nd erly morning hours. Furthermore, the onept of IPV system n e extended during dytime hours providing further flexiility over ontrol nd regultion of rel power generted y PV solr power sttion. In this pper the onept of interline PV system is introdued. MTL/SIMULINK sed study is rried to illustrte one of mny pilities of proposed IPV system. II. INTERLINE PV SYSTEM ONFIGURTION Fig. 1 shows generl representtion of PV solr power plnt sed distriution/trnsmission network system. lrgesle PV power plnt, in the order of few MWs to few hundred MWs, is relized y instlling n pproximte numer of the reltively smller rting (200 kw to 500 kw) inverter modules. These inverter modules n e seen s smll PV solr power genertion units within lrgesle PV solr plnt. Furthermore, two or more prllel onneted modules re grouped together nd onneted to the min grid (suh s, Feeder1 in Fig. 1) using stepup trnsformer. For exmple, eight 250 kv (or four 500 kv) inverter modules re grouped together (Inv1 in Fig. 1) nd onneted to 2 MV stepup trnsformer (T1 in Fig. 2). Eh inverter module my e relized s threephse PWM voltge soure inverter s depited in Fig.2. The point t whih the PV solr plnt is onneted to Feeder1 is referred s point of ommon oupling/onnetion (P). It is onsidered tht seond network (Feeder2 in Fig. 1) is ville djent to the PV solr plnt sed trnsmission/distriution network. This seond network/line n e originted from the sme genertion sttion or n e omplete different power soure with different voltge rtings. Suh sitution n our in n tul prtil system nd is not ompletely hypothetil. Fig.1 photovolti power system. Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

3 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems ) D us network t the D side of the solr system to form ommon D link etween inverter units: orresponding line onnetions nd the swith(s) SD3. ) onneting lines etween the inverter units nd djent feeder, nd swith S. Fig.2 Proposed Interline PV (IPV) system onfigurtion. The ove disussed system, with few modifitions, is reonfigured in Fig. 3 to form the proposed interline PV (IPV) system, i.e. to onnet two feeders with eh other through solr plnt inverter modules. This kind of onfigurtion is fesile nd ould e more pproprite during nighttime hours when PV solr power sttion remins intive produing no rel power. It is importnt to mention here tht the urrent grid interonnetion of renewle energy system stndrds, suh s IEEE 1457 [15], does not llow the DG system owner to perform tsks other thn injetion of rel power to the grid. These re not tehnil hllenges nd mutul greement etween PV solr plnt owner nd trnsmission utility my e fesile. This pper ddress only the tehnil spets of using PV solr power plnt s verstile FTS devie nd possile enefits hieved from suh kind of ontrol. For simpliity, only two inverter units (Inv1 nd Inv2) re onsidered. In Fig. 3, S nd S represent the min swithes through whih the PV power plnt is onneted to feeders1 nd 2. S1 nd S2 represent the seondry swithes to isolte n individul inverter unit within the PV power plnt. The D side swithes, SD1 nd SD2, n e used to disonnet the PV solr rrys from the inverter units Inv1 nd Inv2, respetively. The swith SD3 represents n dditionl swith to onnet two inverter units k to k with eh other. The swithes S, S1, S2, SD1 nd SD2 my e presented in typil PV solr power plnt system. Thus, to reonfigure PV solr plnt into proposed interline PV system following dditionl omponents my e required: Furthermore, multiple swithes SD3 long with the neessry onneting lines will e required sed on the numer of inverter modules utilized to form the proposed interline system. Fig.4 shows the generlized representtion of the proposed IPV system. The swithes S, S, S1 nd SD3 re losed nd S2, SD1 nd SD3 re opened to relize the IPV system onfigurtion in Fig. 3. The key funtionlities tht n e hieved using the proposed IPV system re outlined elow: Retive power support to oth the feeders for voltge regultion nd/or lod retive power ompenstion or omintion simultneously nd independent ontrol over eh feeder is possile. Dynmi tive nd retive power support to the feeder to improve the power system dmping. tive power flow ontrol nd mngement etween multiline feeders. Optiml utiliztion of existing PV solr power sttion inverters, espeilly during nighttime hours to enhne the overll power system performne. Fig.3 Generl singleline representtion of proposed interline PV system. In this projet proposes new droop ontrol method lled P Q V droop ontroller for I PV systems in whih oth tive nd retive Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

4 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems power re used to ontrol the P voltge. The neessry tive power for the ompenstion is drwn from the interonneted feeder vi the PV solr plnt inverter. The ontroller is designed to trnsfer the minimum tive power etween the two feeders. The tive nd retive power droop oeffiients re djusted online through lookup tle sed on the P voltge level. III. DROOP ONTROL METHOD FOR IPV POWER SYSTEM Fig. 4 shows twofeeder distriution system in whih feeder1 nd feeder2 re onsidered to e loted lose to eh other. lrgesle PV solr power plnt is onneted t feeder1. The PV plnt inverters re reonfigured in suh wy tht the two feeders ould e interonneted with eh other. This onfigurtion is referred to s n InterlinePV (IPV) System is no power genertion from the PV system, onfiguring the swithes S, S, S, S 1, S 2, S 1, S, S D3 s lose nd S 2, S D, S D2 s open, the tive power exhnge etween feeder1 nd feeder2 n e omplished. Note tht during ll of the different operting modes (given in Tle I), sed on the system requirement, the respetive feeder inverter(s) n injet or sor retive power s well. For distriution systems, the resistive vlues of the feeders (Z eq1, L 11, L 12, L 21, L 22, nd Z eq2 ) re tken into ount with respet to the retne vlues of the feeders, nd onsidered s low X/R rtio feeders. DIFFERENT MODES OF PV POWER INJETION Fig. 4. InterlinePV (IPV) power plnt system onfigurtion. Tle I shows the flexiility of IPV power plnts to injet the solr energy into feeder1 only or feeder2 only or to shre it with oth feeders. These opertions n e hieved y opening nd losing different swithes, s illustrted in Tle I. Swith is used for islnded/nonislnded opertion of feeder2. sed on the lod demnd on feeder1 nd feeder2, the tive power generted y the PV system n e delivered to one of the feeders fully or to oth of the feeders prtilly. For exmple, when the swithes S, S, S 1, S 2, S 1, S 2, S D1, nd S D2 re losed nd swithes nd re open, the PV generted tive power is delivered to feeder1 only, wheres when S, S, S 1, S 2,S, S 1, S 2, S D1 nd S D2 re losed nd S nd S D3 open, the tive power is delivered to feeder2 only. During the night, when there Fig. 5. Equivlent iruit for the shuntonneted inverter. The tive nd retive power flow (S=PjQ ) from inverter2 (the power soure) to feeder2 re ontrolled through the following equtions: Usully the phse differene etween the P2 voltge nd grid voltge is very smll, tht is, os ϕ =1 nd sin ϕ = ϕ. Hene, (1) nd (2) eome Equtions (3) nd (4), show the dependeny of delivered tive nd retive power on the Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

5 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems impedne ngle ɵ nd the phse differene ngle ϕ. Different Droop ontrol Methods Two onventionl droop methods to regulte the P voltge re PV nd QV methods. PV Droop ontrol Method This method is onvenient for eletril power systems tht ontin feeders/lines with predominnt resistive vlues where the retne of the lines n e negleted with respet to the resistne of the lines. This mkes the impedne ngle equl to zero. Hene, (3) yields tht the tive power delivered y the inverter is proportionl to the voltge differene ( Epv Vth ), tht is, proportionl to the inverter. The retive power of inverter2 is proportionl to the phse differene ϕ, tht is, proportionl to the frequeny ɷ of the system. Fig. 6 shows the polr plot for (3) nd (4) with pure resistive impedne for different vlues of the voltge mgnitude Epv nd phse differene ngle ϕ. The polr rdii denote the vlues of tive nd retive power, wheres the polr ngles denote the vlues of the phse differene ngle ϕ. It should e notied tht is ϕ vrying within smll rnge s stted efore. Effet of hnging ϕ on P nd Q : i) P remins onstnt irrespetive of ny hnge in ϕ (represented y n r whih hs the sme rdius). ii) Q signifintly hnges with different polr ngles ϕ. Effet of hnging Epv on P nd Q : i) P signifintly inreses with inrese in Epv (represented y rs with different rdii for different vlues of Epv ). ii) There is hrdly ny hnge in due to the hnges in Epv s shown in the zoomed prt of Fig9. Fig. 7. droop hrteristis for the system with pure resistive impedne. QV Droop ontrol Method For high X/R rtio systems, where the retne of the line is predominnt over the resistne, impedne ngle goes to 90. The retive power of the inverter is proportionl to the inverter voltge Epv nd the tive power is proportionl to the frequeny. The polr plot for (3) nd (4) for pure indutive impedne is shown in Fig. 8. Effet of hnging ϕ on P nd Q : i) P signifintly hnges with different polr ngles ϕ.ii)q remins onstnt regrdless of ny hnge in ngle ϕ (represented y n r whih hs the sme rdius). Effet of hnging Epv on P nd Q : i) There re hrdly ny hnges in P due to the hnges of Epv s shown in the zoomed prt of Fig. 10. ii) Q signifintly hnges when Epv inreses (represented y rs with different rdii for different vlues of Epv ). The QV droop ontrol method is one of the widely used methods for voltge regultion. Unlike the droop method where dditionl provision for rel power is required;q Vdroop method does not need suh soure of rel power for generting the neessry Q for ompenstion. Fig. 6. Polr plot for the inverter nd injeted to the system with pure resistive impedne. Rel power is red. Retive power is lue. Fig. 8. Polr plot for the inverter P nd Q injeted to the system with pure indutive impedne. Rel power is red. Retive power is lue. Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

6 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems Proposed PQV Droop ontroller: The power distriution networks my ontin feeders with omplex impednes, where neither retne of the line nor the resistne n e negleted with respet to eh other. In some ses, the resistne of the line my equl or e even higher thn the retne of line, giving low X/R rtio feeder system. Suh kind of sitution where the X/R rtio is smll (lose to 1), neither the nor the droop method my e suffiient to regulte the P voltge. Fig. 9 shows the polr plots for tive nd retive power with omplex impedne system. It is shown tht oth tive nd retive power re ffeted y the hnges in voltge mgnitude Epv nd the phse differene ngle ϕ. The IPV system n irulte tive power etween two djent feeders through ktok onneted inverters. Furthermore, these inverters, with proper ontrol, n lso injet retive power while trnsferring tive power. Thus, the IPV system onfigurtion my e onsidered s one of the possile solutions for voltge regultion in low X/R rtio feeder systems. In order to hieve the desired P voltge regultion, new droop ontrol method is proposed in this pper in whih oth tive nd retive power re used. Sine oth tive nd retive power re utilized for voltge regultion, the proposed droopmethod is lled s P Q V droop ontrol. Two different droop oeffiients, nmely,n d for tive power nd m d for retive power, re thus estimted ording to P voltge levels to hieve the PQ V droop ontroller ojetives. However, in this pproh, the desired performne should e hieved with the lest possile tive power trnsfer to insure minimum voltge vrition on the other feeder. In the proposed method, lookup tle pproh is used to trnsfer the minimum tive power etween two feeders. Fig. 9. Polr plot for the inverter P nd Q injeted to the system with omplex impedne. Rel power is red. Retive power is lue. IV. SIMULTION STUDY In this setion, simultion study sed on the given IPV power system nd its ontrol to ompenste the unlned P voltge is disussed.. System under onsidertion Fig. 4 shows the power distriution network tht is used for the simultion study. The system onsists of two feeders, while the study is performed on just one feeder (i.e. feeder1). The voltges of the two feeders re onsidered s 11 kv. The lods on the feeders re normlized s PQ lods, loted t the ends of eh feeder. The lods hve different vlues on eh feeder nd re progrmmed to emulte lned nd unlned onditions. The simultion results re tken with se voltge of 11 kv nd se MV of 1. ppendixi ontins the detiled dt for the system under simultion for lned nd unlned onditions. Fig.4 shows System under onsidertion for simultion.. Simultion Results Fig.6 shows the voltge, urrent, rel power nd retive power wveforms of feeder1 without PV plnt. Fig.7 shows the voltge, urrent, rel power nd retive power wveforms of feeder1 with PV plnt. Fig.8 shows the voltge, urrent, rel power nd retive power wveforms of feeder1 nd feeder2 with PV plnt. Following re the importnt simultion timelines: Time 1 = 0.45 se: unlned lods re onneted to the feeder without ny ompenstion. Time 2 = 0.50 se: Inv1 strts to ompenste for the unlned lods The P three phse voltge wveforms re shown in Fig. 5(). It is notied tht the wveforms of the voltges re unlned in mgnitude (without ompenstion). When the IPV system Inv1 is ontrolled to ompenste, this unlne in the P voltges is mitigted hieving lne set of P voltges. The lod voltge wveforms re similr to the P voltge, due to the smll voltge drop on the impedne etween the two uses. Lod three phse voltge wveforms re shown in Fig 5(). Fig.9 shows simulted output voltge wveform in whih the feeder voltge is regulted t the point of ommon oupling (P) t the time period of 0.5 se Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

7 s N i m TL1 k S PV ell1 PV ell SD2 SD1 S SD3 V I i g g Sope3 Sope4 TL19 V V I I S1 S2 S1 S2 S V(pu) V I Freq wt Sin_os 1 I Sope1 sin_os V I IdIq MgV Mesuremnt Unit 20 V [I] V_2 50 I_ V&I2 V I MgV Qref id ref V I Sope2 V&I Mg_V_I PQ&VI2 Mg_V_I PQ&VI Iqref * Iq_ref (Mnul) P_Q P_Q V&I1 V&I5 Pulses Uref Pulses Uref Sope12 Sope Sope Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems Disrete, Ts = 5e005 s. pow ergui y onvert u y onvert u Disrete 3phse PLL3 PI PI PID Fig 10Simultion iruit of proposed IPV I=IpID Sope1 i t Rs1 i t1 I 2 V t2 Ip ontrolled urrent Soure Ter ID Rsh L Vt v Sope Diode 10 onstnt 1 V Figure 11: Simultion iruit of PV iruit Figure 14: tive Power, Retive Power, Voltge nd urrent t Feeder 2 Figure 12: tive Power, Retive Power, Voltge nd urrent t Grid. Figure 13: Voltge nd urrent t Feeder 2 V. ONLUSION new onept of using PV solr power plnt s interline PV system is introdued in this pper. s the nme suggests, the interline PV system interonnets two (possily more) trnsmission/distriution lines y reonfiguring existing PV solr plnt inverters. This newly developed system thus n t s FTS devie providing flexile ontrol over oth tive nd retive powers on multiple lines simultneously. The interline PV system n e implemented during night hours when PV solr plnt produes no rel power. The onfigurtion n possily e relized during dytime hours too. The interline PV system n e used to regulte the trnsmission/distriution line voltges, to support indutive lod VR requirements, to improve the system performne during dynmi disturnes, mnge rel power flow Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

8 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems etween two or more interonneted lines nd so on. MTL/SIMULINK sed se study is disussed in the pper to demonstrte the ontrol onept of interline PV system. detiled study however is essentil nd uthors expet to ondut thorough nlysis nd indepth study in the ner future. REFERENES [1] T. kermnn, G. ndersson, nd L. Soder, Eletriity mrket regultions nd their impt on distriuted genertion, in Proeeding on Interntionl onferene on Eletri Utility Deregultion nd Restruturing nd Power Tehnologies, 2000, pp [2] T. kermnn, G. ndersson, nd L. Soder, Distriuted genertion: definition, Eletri Power System Reserh, vol. 57, pp , pril [3] M. Mrie, E. ElSdny, nd M. Slm, Flexile distriuted genertion: (FDG), in IEEE Power Engineering Soiety Summer Meeting, 2002, vol. 1, pp [4]. Mrny nd G. Venktrmnn, Mirogrids in the evolving eletriity genertion nd delivery infrstruture, in IEEE Power Engineering Soiety Generl Meeting 2006, pp.15. [5] E. Gumermn, R. hrvirkr, K. Lommre, nd. Mrny, Evlution frmework nd tools for distriuted energy resoures, Lwrene erkeley Ntionl Lortory, LNL52079, Ferury [6] R. Lsseter nd P. Pigi, Mirogrid: oneptul solution, in Proeedings of the 35th IEEE Power Eletronis Speilist onferene, Germny, 2004, pp [7] R. Lsseter nd P. Pigi, Extended mirogrid using (DER) distriuted energy resoures, in IEEE Power Engineering Soiety Generl Meeting, 2007, pp. 15. [8] R. Dugn, M. MGrnghn, S. Sntoso, nd H. ety, Eletril Power System Qulity, 2nd ed. New York, NY: MGrw Hill, [9] W. Kuehn, ontrol nd stility of power inverters feeding renewle power to wek grids with no or low mehnil inerti, in IEEE/PES Power Systems onferene nd Exposition, 2009, pp. 18. [10] D. Klpp nd H. Vollkommer, pplition of n intelligent stti swith to the point of ommon oupling to stisfy IEEE 1547 ompline, in IEEE Power Engineering Soiety Generl Meeting, 2007, pp. 14. [11]. Mrny nd O. iley, The ERTS mirogrid nd the future of the mrogrid, Lwrene erkeley Ntionl Lortory, LNL55281, ugust [12] P. Pigi nd R. Lsseter, utonomous ontrol of mirogrids, in IEEE Power Engineering Soiety Generl Meeting, 2006, pp [13] D. Feng nd Z. hen, System ontrol of power eletronis interfed distriuted genertion units, in ES/IEEE 5th Interntionl Power Eletronis nd Motion ontrol onferene, 2006, vol. 1, pp. 16. [14] J. Ling, T. Green, G. Weiss, nd Q. Zhong, Hyrid ontrol of multiple inverter in n islndmode distriution system, in IEEE 34th nnul Power Eletronis Speilist onferene, 2003, vol. 1, pp [15] T. Loix, K. De rndere, J. Driesen, nd R. elmns, threephse voltge nd frequeny droop ontrol sheme for prllel inverters, in 33rd nnul onferene of the IEEE Industril Eletronis Soiety, 2007, pp [16]. So nd P. Lehn, ontrol nd power mngement of onverter fed mirogrids, IEEE Trnstions on Power Systems, vol. 23, no. 3, pp , ugust [17] P. Krlsson, J. jornstedt, nd M. Strom, Stility of voltge nd frequeny ontrol in distriuted genertion sed on prllelonneted onverters feeding onstnt power lods, in Europen onferene on Power Eletronis nd pplitions, 2005, pp [18] M. hndorkr, D. Divn nd R. dp, ontrol of prllel onneted inverters in stndlone supply systems, IEEE Trnstions on Industry pplitions, vol. 29, no. 1, pp , Jnury/Ferury [19] M. Illindl nd G. Venktrmnn, ontrol of distriuted genertion systems to mitigte lod nd line imlnes, in IEEE 33rd nnul Power Eletronis Speilists onferene, 2002, vol. 4, pp [20] G. Venktrmnn nd M. Illindl, Smll signl dynmis of inverter Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

9 Proeedings of Ntionl onferene on omputing, Eletril, Eletronis nd Sustinle Energy Systems interfed distriuted genertion in hinmirogrid, in IEEE Power Engineering Soiety Generl Meeting, 2007, pp.16. [21] K. de rndere,. olsens, J. Vn den Keyus, J. Driesen, M. Rodnovi, nd R. elmns, Smllsignl stility of grid with distriuted lowinerti genertors tking into ount line phsor dynmis, in 18th Interntionl onferene on Eletriity Distriution (IRED), Itly, 2005, pp. 15. [22] M. hndorkr, D. Divn, Y. Hu, nd. rerjee, Novel rhitetures nd ontrol for distriuted UPS systems, in 9th nnul onferene Proeedings pplied Power Eletronis onferene nd Exposition, 1994, vol. 2, pp [23] J. Guerrero, J. Vsquez, J. Mts, M. still, nd L. de Viun, ontrol strtegy for flexile mirogrid sed on prllel lineintertive UPS systems, IEEE Trnstions on Industril Eletronis, vol. 56, no. 3, pp , Mrh 2009 [24]. Engler nd N. Soultnis, Droop ontrol in LVgrids, in 2005 Interntionl onferene on Future Power Systems, 2005, pp [25] K. De rndere,. olsens, J. vn den Keyus,. Woyte, J. Driesen, nd R. elmns, voltge nd frequeny droop ontrol method for prllel inverters, IEEE Trnstions on Power Eletronis, vol. 22, no. 4, pp , July [26] J. Guerrero, J. Mts, L. de Viun, M. still, nd J. Miret, Deentrlized ontrol for prllel opertion of distriuted genertion inverters using resistive output impedne, IEEE Trnstions on Industril Eletronis, vol. 54, no. 2, pp , pril Volume 2 Speil Issue 01 Otoer 2016 ISSN:

Power Flow Comparisons in a Transmission Line with UPFC and SSSCs Devices

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