Dr. Mohammad SALAY NADERI Room EE305 Ph
|
|
- Myron Davidson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The University of New South Wales School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Dr. Mohammad SALAY NADERI Room EE305 Ph
2 Building = Any industrial and commercial installations with substantial internal electrical distribution infrastructure, including: Commercial high-rise buildings, Large campuses and factory sites with electrical supply at up to 11 kv and with possibility of both 11 kv and extensive 415V distribution systems.
3 Westpac Place headquarter of Westpac bank in Sydney CBD 91,000 sqm, 166m tall house 5000 people completed in 2005 cost $627 millions
4 Westpac Place commercial office building with retail area 3 substations total load = 10MVA 32 floors with 6 basement levels ~19000 light fittings, mostly fluorescent office equipment (computers, printers, photocopiers etc) air conditioning
5 Petronas Towers. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia completion: 1998 twin commercial office towers 452m, world tallest then. 88 stories each. Joined halfway up by 58m long sky bridge 436,000m 2 of floor space
6 Burj Dubai (Khalifa) The tallest structure in the world (818m). Opening date: 4 January floors, 334,000 m 2. Designed to house 35,000 people Estimated peak demand = 36 MVA
7 New teaching building University of Western Sydney $25 millions project, completed 2006 Estimated maximum demand = 550 kva
8 Port Kembla Steelworks (Wollongong) Hot strip mill
9 Syllabus Electrical supply, regulatory aspects Switchboard design and operation (HV and LV) cabling systems Distribution transformers and switchgear Protection of electrical systems (over-current and surge protection), lightning protection Electrical lighting systems Equipment operation, condition monitoring of major plant Energy efficiency Power quality and effects of voltage and current harmonics Industrial heating Earthing, electrical safety (personnel protection and fire protection) Effects of 50Hz magnetic fields in building and industrial sites
10 Relevant materials Lecture notes Standards AS/NZS 3000:2007 Wiring Rules Other AS standards IEEE Gray Book Service and Installation Rules Various books Publications from manufacturers
11 AS/NZS 3000:2007 Electrical Installations known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules Scope: Set out requirements for design, construction and verification of electrical installations, including selection and installation of electrical equipment forming part of such electrical installations. Requirements are intended to protect persons, and property from electric shock, fire and physical injury hazards that may arise from an electrical installation.
12 Check also: AS/NZS 3008:1.1:1998 Electrical installations Selection of cables Cables for AC up to 0.6/1kV AS/NZS 3017:2007 Electrical installations Verification guidelines. Provide methods for verifying that electrical installations comply with safety requirements AS/NZS 3019:2007 Electrical installations Periodic verification AS/NZS 4836:2001 Safe working on low-voltage electrical installations AS/NZS 3018:2001 Electrical installations Domestic installations
13 Assessments Class tests (week 5 and 10) closed book worth 10% each Group project (due week 12) form your own group of up to 3 worth 10% Final exam closed book 70% of total marks
14 1. Overview Requirements on electrical supply systems: more energy efficient, better energy management safety (including personnel safety, fire and equipment safety) adequate power quality (harmonics and over-voltages) able to handle modern information technology systems compliant with EMC and EMI regulations (electrical systems ) EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI: Electro Magnetic Interference provide monitoring systems to assess condition of installation
15 Means and requirements on an electrical supply system May include following features: Specified voltage levels Limited harmonic content (quality of supply) Method of supply Safety of supply Reliability of supply Maintenance Electrical protection Back-up supply (UPS) DC supply
16 2. Power Requirements
17 general free-standing mobile equipment supply (GPOs = General Power Outlets) Power demands must be known before details of supply configuration can be determined and designed. Obtained by estimation of maximum demand for electrical power. This has 3 components: manufacturing equipment requirements large motors, arc furnaces, assembly lines, ovens, presses general fixed wiring infrastructure requirements lighting, heating, lifts
18 Maximum demand assessment calculation using Appendix C (Wiring Rules) to determine demand for domestic and commercial type loads. when exact load details are unknown, use an estimate technique called After Diversity Maximum Demand (ADMD) Based on results from similar installations, typical load density values (VA/m 2 ) are derived for different types of floor area usage. Data available for commercial (e.g. offices, shopping centers, hotels, theatres) and light industrial premises
19 For general estimate, the following gives typical power demand requirements per unit area of floor space: EnergyAustralia NS0112 Design standards for industrial/commercial developments
20 In estimation of maximum demand, should make allowance for future growth in power usage. Typically: residential premises, 10% fully air-cond offices, 15-20% commercial premises, 20-25% shopping centres, light/medium industrial, 25% Include provision for possible additional switchboard circuits. Also include in initial consideration selection of transformer capacity and cable sizes for feeder circuits and reticulation of power.
21 Once incoming supply is specified, requirements can then be detailed for: incoming cable rating main transformer capacity substation size and capacity switchboard size and capacity. Only when this final design is completed can fault level calculations be performed to determine fuse and switchgear ratings and other protection needs.
22 Calculation of maximum demand Appendix C AS/NZS 3000:2007 domestic installation (use Table C1) single multiple non-domestic installation (use Table C2) residential type (e.g. hotel, hospital) others (e.g. factory, shop, business office)
23 Table C1 (AS3000:2007)
24 Table C1 (cont.)
25 Table C1 (cont.)
26
27
28 Table C2
29 Table C2 (cont.)
30 Example 1: Note: Assume supply voltage and equipment rating of 230V
31
32 Example 2:
33
34 3. Means & Requirements of Electrical Supply 3.1 Voltage levels 3.2 Quality of supply 3.3 Method of supply 3.4 Type of supply connection 3.5 Safety 3.6 Reliability of supply 3.7 Maintenance 3.8 Backup supply 3.9 DC supply
35 3.1 Voltage levels Supply voltage levels available from electricity distributors for use in commercial and industrial locations in urban areas: High voltage: 11 kv, 3-phase supply [by cable or overhead line] Low voltage: (a) 230/400V, 3-phase, 4-wire system (b) single-phase, 230V, 2-wire system [underground/aerial cable, or overhead line]
36 Once power demand and supply requirements determined (by system designer), then contact appropriate electricity distributor. They have additional requirements which must be complied with before they connect supply from their network to the site, e.g. EnergyAustralia ES1 Customer Connection Information Also requirements on a state-wide basis which applies to all distributors in that state, e.g NSW Service and Installation Rules. New regulations allow contestability among utilities in the supply of electricity to consumers. Electricity provider may be different from the actual electricity distributor.
37 Accredited Service Provider = an entity accredited by the Department of Fair Trading in accordance with the Electricity Supply Regulation Three levels: Level 1: Construction of Transmission and Distribution works. High and low voltage overhead and underground reticulation, including substations Level 2: Service cables and metering installation. Install underground and overhead service cables being the interface between the network and customer s premise, and include metering services. Level 3: Design. Design and preparation of plans for the proposed overhead/underground distribution network including street lighting. The electricity distributor is of course an accredited Level 1, 2, 3 service provider.
38 What is an energy distributor? Distributors own and manage high and low voltage network of 'poles', 'wires' or pipes that deliver electricity or gas to your home or business. They are responsible for the quality and reliability of your energy service. How is that different to an energy retailer? Energy retailer on the other hand sells you the electricity and gas for your home or business and bills you for what you use. Energy Retailers for NSW: the three distributors, AGL, Origin Energy, True Energy, etc. Find more information from NSW Department of Water and Energy web site.
39 Electricity distributors for NSW
40 Electricity distributors for NSW For NSW state, three distributors: EnergyAustralia, Integral Energy, Country Energy Distributor for UNSW is EnergyAustralia RailCorp is the distributor for installations on railway land within the railway 1500V DC electrified track area. CountryEnergy covers more than three quarters of NSW and parts of southern Queensland. It includes more than 200,000 km of power lines and 1.4 million poles
41 EnergyAustralia Electricity distributor for Sydney, Central Coast and Hunter regions of NSW Distributes ~ 25,000 GWh of electricity annually, to 1.4 million customers through: More than 1000km of above ground 132kV HV cable Almost 500km of underground 132kV HV cable More than 400km of 66kV cables. More than 2200km of 33kV cables.
42 Integral Energy Network area covers: Sydney s Greater West, the Southern Highlands, and the Illawarra.
43 Limits on connection and operation of equipment Equipment in an installation can cause: Excessive voltage fluctuations (eg welding machines, starting motors) Excessive distortion (eg. rectifiers, frequency converters) Interference with frequency load control system Customers required to take corrective actions.
44 Limit on load current change NSW SIR Sect Equipment may be restricted by the change in current that occurs when switching on/off or between operation settings.
45 Limit on motors NSW SIR Sect Starting current must not cause voltage dip to exceed 5% for 20ms.
46 Balancing of load (for three-phase supply) NSW SIR Sect maximum current in one phase is no more than 25A above current in any other phase total current in neutral conductor not to exceed highest simultaneous current in any active conductor.
47 Protection from prospective short circuit currents NSW SIR Sect maximum current that flows under short-circuit fault is a function of impedance of supply source and cables. for 230/400V systems and at connection point for service up to 400A: suburban residential areas: 10kA commercial and industrial areas: 25kA on railway land (RailCorp): 6kA
48 Power factor The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit, and is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1 (frequently expressed as a percentage, e.g. 0.5 pf = 50% pf). Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power will be greater than the real power.
49 Power factor In an electric power system, a load with a low power factor draws more current than a load with a high power factor for the same amount of useful power transferred. The higher currents increase the energy lost in the distribution system, and require larger wires and other equipment. Because of the costs of larger equipment and wasted energy, electrical utilities will usually charge a higher cost to industrial or commercial customers where there is a low power factor.
50 Power factor Linear loads with low power factor (such as induction motors) can be corrected with a passive network of capacitors or inductors. Non-linear loads, such as rectifiers, distort the current drawn from the system. In such cases, active or passive power factor correction may be used to counteract the distortion and raise the power factor. The devices for correction of the power factor may be at a central substation, spread out over a distribution system, or built into power-consuming equipment.
51 Power factor correction / Capacitor installation NSW SIR Sect Industrial/commercial loads require significant reactive power (kvars), e.g. motors, furnaces, electric discharge lighting must maintain p.f. not less than 0.9 lagging No restriction on where to install p.f. correction equipment in the circuit More details in Section 6 of NSW SIR (Capacitor installations).
52 EnergyAustralia requires: Initial designed maximum load on any distributor must not exceed 75% of the distributor s nominal rating. This is to provide margin for load growth and paralleling requirement.
53 3.2 Quality of supply An important consideration because: increasing use of power electronics has introduced a higher harmonic level into supply much of equipment now in use (IT) is more susceptible to voltage variation, transient overvoltages and harmonics.
54 Quality of supply based on consideration of: frequency of AC supply voltage level fluctuation voltage waveform distortion (harmonics) interference with communications and control equipment transient over-voltages
55 3.3 Method of supply Up to ~200 kva in demand: incoming supply would commonly be by a low voltage 3-phase, 415/240V, supply obtained directly from distributor s LV mains by either overhead or underground connection. may need 3-phase for 3-phase loads NSW SIR 2009
56 Up to 3000 kva: utility-owned transformer(s) installed in utility-owned and maintained substation, located on consumer s premises. supply to consumer s electrical system (at point of attachment to consumer s terminals) would be at low voltage (415/240V) from secondary of transformer. transformers: 11kV/415V and kva in power rating. oil-filled transformers if installed outdoors or dry-type if inside a building. Dry-type units reduce fire hazards within buildings.
57 Greater than 3000 kva: supply to consumer would be at high voltage, most likely 11 kv consumer provides and owns HV substation and switchgear installation consumer handles maintenance and switching operations associated with substation consumer required to employ electrical staff or contractors adequately trained in maintenance and operation of high voltage equipment.
58 3.4 Type of supply connection high or low voltage from distributor s supply, by either: aerial lines (with either bare, covered or bundled conductors) underground cables (either 3 single phase or 1 three-phase cable) low voltage supply from utility on-site substation, by means of any of: low voltage aerial lines low voltage underground cables low voltage busbar trunking system (> 2000A per phase) dedicated HV line from utility HV substation. By either overhead line or underground cable, depending on location and requirements.
59 Supply from overhead distribution mains. Ref.: NSW Service and Installation Rules
60 Supply from overhead distribution mains. Ref.: NSW Service and Installation Rules
61 Supply from underground distribution mains. Ref.: NSW Service and Installation Rules
62 UNSW EnergyAustralia supplies 11kV from Randwick (14MVA) and Clovelly (8MVA) zone substations. Two points of supply, separate Campus network: owned and operated by university, 11kV underground cables, 20 substations, split into three rings. Mid and lower campus rings fed from Randwick zone; Upper campus ring fed from Clovelly zone In event of failure of one zone substation, entire campus can be fed from other zone substation (at reduced capacity).
63 3.5 Safety : personnel safety installation required adherence to all relevant Codes and Standards. electrical hazards (electric shocks, equippotential areas, anti-static locations). fire hazards (overheating) mechanical hazards (rotating machines) lifts, emergency lighting, fire extinguishing systems, alarm and evacuation systems
64 3.6 Reliability of supply Factors to be considered include : level of reliability required depends on application supply voltage level (HV supply more reliable than LV) redundancy in circuits proper protection design (discrimination, etc) proper maintenance of equipment choice of equipment.
65 3.7 Maintenance Issues: Moisture control Ventilation and cooling Corrosion, wear and tear. Approaches: Testing as required Regular visual inspection and testing Reliability centered monitoring and testing (most favored method).
66 3.8 Back-up supply Many applications require some form of back-up, e.g hospital operating theatre basic system or maintenance of full supply. un-interruptible supply systems (UPS) are becoming more common in building services. use diesel generators or battery operated power electronic inverter systems
67 3.9 DC supply Rare. Required in some industrial locations, e.g for adjustable speed motors, electrolysis etc Generate DC by modern power electronic converters Older installations may still use rotating machine DC generators driven by AC motors or even mercury arc rectifier systems.
68 4. In-house Distribution System 4.1 Supply system layout options 4.2 Substation 4.3 Switchboards 4.4. Cables, busbars etc 4.5 Voltage regulation and power factor
69 4.1 Supply system layout options Simple radial system Expanded radial system Primary selective system Primary loop system Secondary selective system Secondary spot network Ring bus system
70 1. Simple radial system Load break fused switch Transformer Low voltage air C/B (draw-out type) IEEE-Std For small loads. One primary service and distribution supply transformer supplies all feeders. Simplest possible arrangement, no duplication or redundancy. Cheapest, least reliable option.
71 2. Expanded radial system Medium or high-voltage C/B (draw-out type) Load break fused switch Low voltage air C/B (draw-out type) Two or more radial systems. For larger loads. Similar advantages / disadvantages as simple radial system.
72 3. Primary selective system Air break switch Alternative supply from two sources on primary side of transformer(s). Improved reliability but at higher cost. Maintenance possible without loss of supply.
73 4. Primary loop system Greater reliability in case of primary cable failure. Load can be supplied from either end of cable. Finding cable fault may be difficult or dangerous in some cases (one section may be energized from either end).
74 5. Secondary selective system Pair of substations connected through a normally open secondary tie CB. If primary feeder or transformer fails, main secondary feeder CB is opened and tie CB closes. General operation of secondaries is as radial systems. Maintenance is possible. Good reliability. Requires consideration of loading if sustained loss of one circuit.
75 6. Secondary spot network Loads supplied from 1 common secondary busbar with parallel primary feeders. Use protectors to each secondary connection. If primary feeder fails, protector CB prevents reverse fault in-feed by opening in such an event. Most reliable system. Expensive. Used extensively for high load density applications such as large commercial buildings. Rarely used in industry.
76 7. Ring bus system Will automatically isolate a fault. No interruption of supply for single faults. High cost (need more components). Allows safe maintenance without loss of general supply.
77 One-line diagram of a large industrial plant. Ref.: Industrial and commercial power system handbook
78 4.2 Substation Include following items of equipment general enclosure, transformer(s), HV switchgear, protection system, backup battery systems, monitoring equipment for energy, voltage, current, power factor etc
79 4.3 Switchboards (switchgear assemblies) Include following items of equipment main switchgear unit, output feeder cabling to various loads (or floors of building) together with their separate switchgear and protection. internal busbar system with rectangular busbars used to interconnect feeder circuits. protection: means (relays, fuses, CTs), coordination, internal arcing detection Quite specific in design.
80 4.4 Cables, busbars, etc Important factors to be considered: current ratings, insulation ratings fire performance, segregation of circuits, bundling of cables (effect on thermal rating), magnetic fields and any potential interference effects IP [Ingress Protection] requirements to prevent contamination ingress.
81 4.5 Voltage regulation and power factor For LV supply, nominal voltage is 230/400V +10% -6% at 50Hz (AS Standard Voltages) Deviation from nominal voltage can cause problems: equipment overheating, light dimming or flickering etc. AS3000 requires voltage drop between point of supply and any point in electrical installation not exceed 5% of nominal voltage when conductors are carrying maximum demand. Voltage drop in utility service line should not exceed 3% of nominal voltage when at maximum demand. This is mainly a requirement applied to distributors and their service cable impedance.
82 Voltage drop not to exceed 5% consumer mains submain final subcircuit load load point of supply main switchboard MSB distribution board DB Voltage drop not to exceed 5% i.e. 1-phase (230V) = 11.5V 3-phase (400V) = 20V
83 5. Voltage Drop 5.1 Voltage drop determination methods 5.2 Determination for supply 5.3 Determination for transformers 5.4. Parallel operations
84 For typical length of 50 Hz building system supply circuits, shunt capacitive reactance of cables is negligible and voltage drop calculations can be done adequately by use of short line approximation represented by equivalent circuit:
85 For a lagging load
86 Accurate enough for general use. Used for voltage drop calculations extensively. Require values of R and X which are constant, and I and φ which can vary. Regulation is load dependent.
87 For a leading load
88
89
90
91 5.3 Voltage drop determination for transformers
92
93 Alternatively: Use of known data for transformers using impedances
94 5.4 Parallel operation of transformers and feeders
95 Parallel lines or transformers divide loads in inverse proportion to their impedance. Important for transformers to be matched in impedance when they are operated in parallel. If not matched, one may be overloaded. Also, voltage difference causes circulating current and core saturation.
96 When T1 is fully loaded, T2 is loaded at only 50% Can try to operate T2 on a higher voltage tap position to boost its output current.
97 6. Substations
98 Substations Location should be at load centre if possible, so as to keep voltage drop to minimum and to assist in maintaining voltage regulation within requirements. In high rise buildings, extensive factory or sites with many buildings, a number of substations may be required to distribute power equitably. Normally connected in a ring main system at high voltage (11 kv). Supply authority will normally determine type and size of substation requirements for a specific situation.
99 Types of substations Pole-mounted substation. Pad-mounted substation. Outdoor (fenced) enclosures. Outdoor (building) enclosure. Outdoor transformer with indoor control gear. Indoor basement or ground-floor substation.
100 315kVA 22kV pole-mounted transformer Pad-mounted substation 140MVA 132kV generator transformer
101 Pole-mounted substation Main component: un-enclosed 11kV/415V oil-insulated transformer, rated up to ~500 kva for providing supply to the building at 415/240V. Substation is also equipped with HV fuses of expulsion or high rupturing capacity (HRC) type, surge arresters or arcing gaps, low voltage HRC fuses, and earthing system for connection of transformer neutral. EA s pole-mounted transformer ratings are from 16kVA to 63kVA for single-phase, and 25kVA to 400kVA for 3-phase. Height restriction: 3.6m above ground if location is >0.5m away from kerb, or 5m elsewhere. EA s network designed to maximum fault level of 18.4kA at 11kV. At 415V, maximum fault level at a pole-mounted transformer is 13.3kA.
102 Pad-mounted substation Metal enclosed kiosk-type cubicles mounted on ground. Main component is again an oil-filled transformer of similar or possibly higher rating than for pole mount type. Kiosk incorporates similar protection and control-gear to polemounted substation. Voltages are also 11kV/415V and maximum power levels are typically 1000kVA.
103 Outdoor (fenced) enclosures Outdoor fenced enclosure. Transformer may be un-enclosed, with appropriate switches, protection and control-gear within the enclosure. Voltages are typically 11kV/415 V and power ratings are kva. In some industrial sites voltages and power levels may be much higher than the above (primarily applicable to building services only).
104 Outdoor (building) enclosures Dedicated small building containing transformers and other usual items of equipment listed above. Voltages are 11kV/415V, power ratings are up to ~5000 kva. Outdoor transformer + indoor control gear Consists of an open outdoor transformer with a small building for other equipment as outlined above. Voltages are 11kV/415V, power ratings are up to ~5000 kva. Indoor basement or ground-floor substation As above, but located indoors.
105 Some substation options from EnergyAustralia Pole substation overhead 11kV HV fuse transformer 11kV/415V nominal Dyn11 winding 25kVA up to 400kVA LV fuse 600A/phase (400kVA) LV link For more substation options, see: NS112 Design standards for industrial/commercial developments, EnergyAustralia
106 Some substation options from EnergyAustralia Kiosk substation underground 11kV radial or closed network feeder 11kV ring main fuse switch unit transformer 160kVA (200A/phase) 315kVA (400A/phase) 400kVA (600A/phase) LV link 400kVA 600kVA 800kVA LV fuse 1000kVA L kiosk J kiosk
107 Some substation options from EnergyAustralia Kiosk substation (K type) underground 11kV radial or closed network feeder 11kV ring main circuit breaker switch unit current transformer transformer 1500kVA (2000A/phase)
108 Some substation options from EnergyAustralia A chamber substation (two transformers) transformers 2 x 750kVA (1400A/phase) 2 x 1000kVA (1600A/phase) various LV fuse options up to 1 x 1600A per transformer bus section link normally open
109 Some substation options from EnergyAustralia City CBD substations (no other types permitted in CBD) isolating and earthing switch transformers: up to 3 x 1500kVA (5500A/phase) LV air CB various LV options up to 2 x 3000A busbars or cable supplies.
110 Standard specifications AS Substations and high voltage installations exceeding 1 kv a.c.
111 Electrical requirements Methods of neutral earthing Voltage classification Current in normal operation Short-circuit current Rated frequency Corona High-voltage design practice wrt EMF Overvoltages Harmonics AS2067:2008
112 EXTRA SLIDES (NOT INCLUDED IN PRSENTATION)
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121 Hinchinbrook zone substation
122
123
124 Example 3 solution
125
126
127 Design and
128 Industry Definition for Electrical Services in Australia The Electrical Services industry consists of establishments mainly engaged in the installation of electrical wiring or fittings in buildings or other construction projects. Electricians or electrical contractors are trained and licensed to install, connect, test, and maintain electrical systems for communications, climate control, security, and other purposes. Establishments in this industry also install and maintain electronic controls for industrial machinery and business equipment, install conduit for carrying wires in buildings and structures, and install coaxial cable and optic fibre cable for computer and communications purposes. Electricians also install low voltage wiring for voice, data and video systems, including telephones, computers, intercoms, fire alarms, and security systems. Electrical contractors are trained and licensed to connect wiring to circuit breakers, transformers and other components and test the connections using equipment such as ohmmeters, voltmeters, and oscilloscopes.
129 Activities (Products and Services) for Electrical Services in Australia The primary activities of firms in this industry are: Repair or maintenance of electrical wiring (except of electricity transmission or distribution lines). Electrical wiring on construction projects Installation of closed circuit video surveillance systems Installation of exhaust fans Installation of electric light and power fittings Installation of electrical and communication cabling & switching systems. Installation of illuminated signs Installation of safety switches Installation of specialist industry-specific equipment (e.g. food manufacturing industry) The major products and services in this industry are: Maintenance/repair activity - term contracts and irregular demand Upgrading & renovating existing installations New building installation
130 Taipei 101 was world s tallest 509m 101 floors completed in 2004
The University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Topic 2
The University of New South Wales School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Topic 2 SWITCHBOARDS Overview Also called Switchgear and Controlgear Assembly
More informationTitle Electrical Technical Maintenance Coding System. Reference Number PMP 01 (RIC Standard: EP SP)
Discipline Engineering Standard NSW Category General Title Reference Number PMP 01 (RIC Standard: EP 00 00 00 02 SP) Document Control Status Date Prepared Reviewed Endorsed Approved Mar 05 Standards and
More informationThe University of New South Wales. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Topic 6
The University of New South Wales School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Topic 6 PROTECTIONS 1 FUNCTION OF ELECTRICAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS Problems:
More informationSwitchgear and Distribution Systems for Engineers and Technicians
Switchgear and Distribution Systems for Engineers and Technicians WHAT YOU WILL LEARN: How to identify typical characteristics of an industrial distribution system Become familiar with the main components
More informationUnified requirements for systems with voltages above 1 kv up to 15 kv
(1991) (Rev.1 May 2001) (Rev.2 July 2003) (Rev.3 Feb 2015) (Corr.1 June 2018) Unified requirements for systems with voltages above 1 kv up to 15 kv 1. General 1.1 Field of application The following requirements
More informationChapter 6 Generator-Voltage System
Chapter 6 Generator-Voltage System 6-1. General The generator-voltage system described in this chapter includes the leads and associated equipment between the generator terminals and the low-voltage terminals
More informationMedium Voltage. Power Factor Correction Reactive Compensation Harmonic Filters. Electrical Power Quality Management at its best.
Medium Voltage Power Factor Correction Reactive Compensation Harmonic Filters POWER QUALITY Electrical Power Quality Management at its best. From electricity generation, transmission, thru its distribution
More informationDate Issued: 10 August 2009 Status: ISSUED Review Date: 10 August 2011 Ref: NS5.3 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Date Issued: 10 August 2009 Status: ISSUED Review Date: 10 August 2011 Ref: NS5.3 DISTRIBUTED GENERATION TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS DOCUMENT... 3 2. DEFINITIONS...
More informationSWITCHBOARDS (LV and MV)
ELEC9713 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems SWITCHBOARDS (LV and MV) 1. Introduction Depending on the size of the building or factory site and whether the supply is high voltage or low voltage, there
More informationISO Rules Part 500 Facilities Division 502 Technical Requirements Section Interconnected Electric System Protection Requirements
Applicability 1 Section 502.3 applies to: the legal owner of a generating unit directly connected to the transmission system with a maximum authorized real power rating greater than 18 MW; the legal owner
More informationA system fault contribution of 750 mva shall be used when determining the required interrupting rating for unit substation equipment.
General Unit substations shall be 500 kva minimum, 1500 kva maximum unless approved otherwise by the University. For the required configuration of University substations see Standard Electrical Detail
More informationTitle High Voltage and 1500 System Earthing References and Definitions. Reference Number PDS 02 (RIC Standard: EP SP)
Discipline Engineering Standard NSW Category Electrical Title High Voltage and 1500 System Earthing References and Definitions Reference Number PDS 02 (RIC Standard: EP 12 00 00 01 SP) Document Control
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SAIEE-1337-V : 2 CPD credits : Category 1
THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SAIEE-1337-V : 2 CPD credits : Category 1 OVERVIEW : 1. Introduction to Distribution, Transmission and Generation
More informationAIR INSULATED EXTENDABLE SWITCHGEAR UP TO 12KV GUIDE
AIR INSULATED EXTENDABLE SWITCHGEAR UP TO 12KV GUIDE Certificate Number FM35831 APPLICATION Typical Uses and Classification The MSGair switchgear is used in transformer and switching substations mainly
More informationFUSES. Safety through quality
Safety through quality HH HIGH VOLTAGE Over many decades SIBA has developed a global product line of High Voltage Fuses that are comprehensive for any and all applications. Superior engineering, advanced
More informationOn_Disc. 2 o/c1 BS 7671 applies to a lift installations b highway equipment c equipment on board ships d electrical equipment of machines.
1 PAPER 4 Sample Questions - C&G 2382 17th Edition full paper D 1 o/c 1 - A recommendation for the interval to the first periodic inspection shall be made by: a the installation electrician. b the main
More informationGuidelines for connection of generators:
Guidelines for connection of generators: Greater than 30 kva, and not greater than 10 MW, to the Western Power distribution network January, 2017. EDM 32419002 / DM 13529244 Page 1 of 14 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION...
More informationCLP POWER HONG KONG LIMITED. SUPPLY RULES March 2001
CLP POWER HONG KONG LIMITED SUPPLY March 2001 ADVISORY SERVICE Advice concerning matters relating to the supply of electricity may be obtained free of charge from the Company. OTHER COMPANY PUBLICATIONS
More informationMichigan State University Construction Standards SECONDARY UNIT SUBSTATIONS PAGE
PAGE 261116-1 SECTION 261116 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections,
More informationPretest Module 29 High Voltage Unit 1
Pretest Module 29 High Voltage Unit 1 1. Is a person qualified to work on high-voltage installations when this module is completed? 2. What is the code definition of high-voltage? 3. What is the IEEE definition
More informationEH2741 Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems Lecture 3. Lars Nordström Course map
EH2741 Communication and Control in Electric Power Systems Lecture 3 Lars Nordström larsn@ics.kth.se 1 Course map 2 1 Outline 1. Repeating Power System Control 2. Power System Topologies Transmission Grids
More informationPRESENTER PETER NJENGA CHIEF ENGINEER, CUSTOMER SERVICE, KENYA POWER EAST AFRICAN POWER INDUSTRY CONVENTION 2012
PRESENTER PETER NJENGA CHIEF ENGINEER, CUSTOMER SERVICE, KENYA POWER EAST AFRICAN POWER INDUSTRY CONVENTION 2012 Introduction Power reliability Power Quality Harmonics Distortion Poor power factor Circuit
More informationAIR INSULATED METAL ENCLOSED SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR
AIR INSULATED METAL ENCLOSED SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR ANGLER SWITCHING DEVICES CONTENTS 1. General 2. Switchgear Types - Switch Disconnector - Disconnector 3. Cubicle Types - Cubicle with Switch Disconnector
More informationE-15 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)
Guideline No.E-15 (201705) E-15 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Issued date: May 9, 2017 China Classification Society Foreword This Guideline is a part of CCS Rules, which contains technical requirements,
More informationELECTRICAL INSPECTOR EXAMINATION 14 November 2015 QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET Time Allowed: Three hours
Candidate Code No. IT 32 For Board Use Only Result Date Int Result Date Int ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR EXAMINATION 14 November 2015 QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET Time Allowed: Three hours INSTRUCTIONS READ CAREFULLY
More information.3 Section Waste Management and Disposal.
Issued 2005/06/01 Section 16261 Uninterruptible Power Systems Static Page 1 of 10 PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 RELATED SECTIONS.1 Section 01330 Submittal Procedures..2 Section 01780 Closeout Submittals..3 Section
More informationCHAPTER 3. Basic Considerations and Distribution System Layout
CHAPTER 3 Basic Considerations and Distribution System Layout Utility Load Classifications The electrical power distribution system is that portion of the electrical system that connects the individual
More informationChapter 3.1: Electrical System
Part-I: Objective type Questions and Answers Chapter 3.1: Electrical System 1. The heat input required for generating one kilo watt-hour of electrical output is called as. a) Efficiency b) Heat Rate c)
More informationSF6 GAS INSULATED METAL ENCLOSED SWITCHGEAR (GIS)
SF6 GAS INSULATED METAL ENCLOSED SWITCHGEAR (GIS) About company The «Elektroapparat» plant starts its operation in 1922 as a plant manufacturing high-voltage electrical equipment. During the first two
More informationABB n.v Power Quality in LV installations
ABB n.v. - 1 - Power Quality in LV installations PQ problems in LV installations 750 500 250 Volts 0-250 -500 Amps -750 3000 2000 1000 0-1000 -2000-3000 10:25:43.72 10:25:43.73 10:25:43.74 10:25:43.75
More informationE-15 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)
Guideline No.E-15 (201510) E-15 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Issued date:20 October, 2015 China Classification Society Foreword This Guide is a part of CCS Rules, which contains technical requirements,
More informationINTER PLANT STANDARD STEEL INDUSTRY SPECIFICATION FOR STATIC EXCITATION CONVERTORS FOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS (FIRST REVISION)
INTER PLANT STANDARD STEEL INDUSTRY I P S S SPECIFICATION FOR STATIC EXCITATION CONVERTORS FOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS (FIRST REVISION) Corresponding IS does not exist IPSS: 1-10-036-12 0 FOREWORD 0.1 This
More informationAurora Energy Limited. Network Connection Requirements (NS5.1)
Limited Version 1.1 Issued: 1June 2011 Status and Application of these Requirements All connections on the Aurora electrical distribution network (the Network) are subject to the contractual terms of a
More informationPower Quality. Power Factor Wiring and Service. Background. Introduction. bchydro.com
Power Quality Power Factor Wiring and Service Scope Power factor is a major consideration in efficient building or system operation. It is the measure of how effectively your equipment is converting electric
More informationSurabaya Seminar Ferdinand Sibarani, Surabaya, 30 th October Power Quality
Surabaya Seminar 2014 Ferdinand Sibarani, Surabaya, 30 th October 2014 Power Quality Content 1. Power quality problems 2. ABB s low voltage (LV) solution PCS100 AVC (Active Voltage Conditioner) PCS100
More informationCompany Directive STANDARD TECHNIQUE : TP4B/2. Relating to 11kV and 6.6kV Transformer Protection
Company Directive STANDARD TECHNIQUE : TP4B/2 Relating to 11kV and 6.6kV Protection Policy Summary This document describes the detailed requirements for 11kV/415V and 6.6kV/415V distribution transformer
More informationINESING srl. MOBILE SUBSTATIONS Energy Solution. Energy Innovation. INESING srl Energy Innovation
MOBILE SUBSTATIONS Energy Solution INTERNATIONAL FAIR MOBILE SUBSTATIONS ENERGY SOLUTION Complete design for energy s generations, transmission and distribution Mobile Substations Applications of Inesing
More informationSECTION 9: ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION. ESE 470 Energy Distribution Systems
SECTION 9: ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION ESE 470 Energy Distribution Systems 2 Introduction The Electrical Grid 3 Three main components to the electrical grid Generation ESE 450 Transmission Transmission
More informationType SIMOPRIME A4, up to 24 kv, Air-Insulated Medium-Voltage Switchgear
Circuit-Breaker www.siemens.com/energy Switchgear Type SIMOPRIME A4, up to 24 kv, Air-Insulated Medium-Voltage Switchgear s Technology Circuit-Breaker Switchgear Type SIMOPRIME, up to 17.5 kv, Air-Insulated
More informationKey elements of the AS3000 Wiring standards and some of the recent changes.
Key elements of the AS3000 Wiring standards and some of the recent changes. Dean of Engineering Steve Mackay Worked for 30 years in Industrial Automation 30 years experience in mining, oil and gas, electrical
More informationCPG.1 Gas insulated, single busbar cubicle range Up to 27 kv / 2000 A / 31.5 ka Up to 38 kv / 2000 A / 31.5 ka IEEE Standards
Medium Voltage Switchgear Primary Distribution CPG.1 Gas insulated, single busbar cubicle range Up to 27 kv / 2000 A / 31.5 ka General description Presentation Ormazabal s CPG System includes the CPG.1
More informationMetal-Enclosed Switches. Medium Voltage. Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches Contents
January 2003 Vol. 1, Ref. No. [1011] -1 Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches Contents Description Page MVS................................... -2 and Breaker MSB........................ -3 Metal-Enclosed
More informationGrounding Of Standby & Emergency Power Systems
July / August 2007 ELECTRICAL LINE 53 Grounding Of Standby & Emergency Power Systems By Andrew Cochran Power continuity is essential in many industrial and commercial installations where a trip out due
More informationPower Systems Trainer
Electrical Power Systems PSS A self-contained unit that simulates all parts of electrical power systems and their protection, from generation to utilisation Key Features Simulates generation, transmission,
More informationELECTRICIAN S THEORY EXAMINATION 21 June 2014 QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET
Candidate Code No. ET49 For Board Use Only Result Date Int Result Date Int ELECTRICIAN S THEORY EXAMINATION 21 June 2014 QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET INSTRUCTIONS READ CAREFULLY Time Allowed: Three hours
More information9/16/2010. Chapter , The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS. 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Chapter 3 TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 1 Transmitting large amounts of electric energy over long distances is accomplished most efficiently by using high-voltages. Without transformers the widespread distribution
More informationPRODUCT CATALOGUE 2016
PRODUCT CATALOGUE 2016 Static digital voltage stabilisers The static stabiliser is used when the correction speed represents the critical issue (for example, computers, laboratory equipment, measuring
More informationC1000 Series Automatic Cap Bank
C1000 Series Automatic Cap Bank Metal Enclosed - Medium Voltage Capacitors Assemblies Fixed / Auto Medium Voltage 5, 15, 25 and 35 kv Class Customized to your specifications The Reactive Power Solution
More informationQuestion Set(2017) Switch Gear & protection(5 th SEm) 9. Explain the construction and operating principle with proper diagram:
Question Set(2017) Switch Gear & protection(5 th SEm) 1. What is fault in power system? Classify the fault. What are the bad effects of fault? 2. Define with example: Symmetrical fault and unsymmetrical
More informationSchedules 1 to 4, Lot B: Extension of the Lessos Substation
1.0 LIGHTNING ARRESTORS 1.1 ZNO lightning arrester, 192 kv rated voltage, 10 ka nominal discharge current 2.0 CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER ea. 45 2.1 220 kv capacitive voltage transformer 220/ 3 / 0.11/
More informationSmall Electrical Systems (Microgrids)
ELG4126: Microgrids Small Electrical Systems (Microgrids) A microgrid is a localized, scalable, and sustainable power grid consisting of an aggregation of electrical and thermal loads and corresponding
More informationTRANSMISSION PLANNING CRITERIA
CONSOLIDATED EDISON COMPANY OF NEW YORK, INC. 4 IRVING PLACE NEW YORK, NY 10003-3502 Effective Date: TRANSMISSION PLANNING CRITERIA PURPOSE This specification describes Con Edison s Criteria for assessing
More informationAFTER GAZETTING (WORKING DOCUMENT FOR A 3 YEAR PERIOD) DATE PAGE PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION ORIGINATOR APPROVED
PART B-07 TITLE: SERVICE CONNECTIONS SPECIFICTION NO: B-07 INCEPTION DATE: AFTER GAZETTING (WORKING DOCUMENT FOR A 3 YEAR PERIOD) AMENDMENTS / REVISIONS DATE PAGE PARAGRAPH DESCRIPTION ORIGINATOR APPROVED
More information1 Low-voltage Power-factor Correction capacitors KNK APPLICATION DESIGN
APPLICATION The KNK capacitors are used for power - factor correction of inductive consumers (transformers, electric motors, rectifiers) in industrial networks for voltages of up to 660 V. DESIGN Cylindrical
More informationTRI-SERVICE ELECTRICAL WORKING GROUP (TSEWG) 03/05/09 TSEWG TP-11: UFC N BEST PRACTICES
TSEWG TP-11: UFC 3-500-10N BEST PRACTICES UFC 3-500-10N was developed by NAVFAC and was used as the starting point for the tri-services development of UFC 3-500-10, Design: Electrical Engineering. UFC
More informationSubstation LV AC Supplies. Document Number: 1-11-FR-04
Substation LV AC Supplies Document Number: 1-11-FR-04 VERSION 1.0 June 2018 This functional requirements document is in line with the organisation's 1-11-ACS-04 LV AC Supplies Asset Class Strategy Intellectual
More informationSchool of Electrical and Information Engineering. ELEC High Voltage. University of Sydney. Dr Keith Mitchell. Engineering
University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering Dr Keith Mitchell ELEC 5205 - High Voltage Engineering ELEC 5205 - High Voltage Engineering 3. Switchgear Types of Power System Switchgear
More informationTHE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL CAPACITOR BANKS BY CURRENT LIMITING FUSES. By M.J. Smart and B. Wadcock
203 THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL CAPACITOR BANKS BY CURRENT LIMITING FUSES By M.J. Smart and B. Wadcock 1.0 INTRODUCTION Capacitors are widely used for industrial power factor correction throughout the
More informationTransforming Energy.. For Advanced Technology
Transforming Energy.. Manufacturers of CE approved Transformers & Reactors Five Decades of Manufacturing Experience Manufacturers of Quality Reliable Transformers. Auto C 201,4 th Cross Peenya Induatrial
More informationElectromagnetic Coordination Study Objectives for Railroad and Electric Utility Shared Corridors
Electromagnetic Coordination Study Objectives for Railroad and Electric Utility Shared Corridors Eilis M. Logan UPRR Marvin J. Frazier Corr. Comp Co. Electromagnetic Interference Magnet and Paper Clip
More informationWelcome. Power Survey International
Welcome Company profile Established in 1948 Exclusively manufacture capacitor banks and harmonic filters Manufacturer of low and medium voltage products: Power Factor correction system Harmonic Filter
More informationBharat Heavy Electricals Limited (High Pressure Boiler Plant) Tiruchirappalli , TAMIL NADU, INDIA CAPITAL EQUIPMENT / MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
An ISO 9001 Company Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (High Pressure Boiler Plant) Tiruchirappalli 620014, TAMIL NADU, INDIA CAPITAL EQUIPMENT / MATERIALS MANAGEMENT ENQUIRY Phone: +91 431 257 79 38 Fax
More informationCustomer Substation Manual
Customer Substation Manual Table of Contents Section Page 2 of 81 Description 0 Preface 010.00 General 010.10 Information Required for the Review of New Customer Substations 010.20 New Customer Substation
More informationMASTERYS IP+ 10 to 80 kva
MASTERYS IP+ 10 to 80 kva OBJECTIVES The aim of these specifications is to provide: the information required to choose the right uninterruptible power supply for a specific application. the information
More informationTitle Low Voltage Distribution and Installations Earthing References and Definitions. Reference Number PDS 03 (ARTC Standard: EP SP)
Discipline Engineering Standard NSW Category Electrical Title Low Voltage Distribution and Installations Earthing References and Definitions Reference Number PDS 03 (ARTC Standard: EP 12 00 00 02 SP) Document
More informationAustralian/New Zealand Standard
AS/NZS 3112:2011 AS/NZS 3112:2011 Australian/New Zealand Standard Approval and test specification Plugs and socket-outlets AS/NZS 3112:2011 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint
More informationUniversity of Houston Master Construction Specifications Insert Project Name
SECTION 26 13 13 MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS: A. The Conditions of the Contract and applicable requirements of Divisions 0 and 1 and Section 26 00 01, Electrical General
More informationJemena Electricity Networks (Vic) Ltd
Jemena Electricity Networks (Vic) Ltd Embedded Generation - Technical Access Standards Embedded Generation - 5 MW or Greater ELE SP 0003 Public 1 October 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations...
More informationSF 6 Gas Insulated Switchgear Type SDH314 / SDHa314 for 72.5 to 145 kv
Three Phase Encapsulated Type SF 6 Gas Insulated Switchgear Type SDH314 / SDHa314 for 72.5 to 145 kv 06B1-E-0002 Small Space Requirement, High Reliability and Safety ー 72.5 to 145 kv GIS, SDH314/SDHa314
More information3.2. Current Limiting Fuses. Contents
.2 Contents Description Current Limiting Applications................. Voltage Rating.......................... Interrupting Rating....................... Continuous Current Rating................ Fuse
More informationShunt Capacitor Bank Protection in UHV Pilot Project. Qing Tian
Shunt Capacitor Bank Protection in UHV Pilot Project Qing Tian 2012-5 INTRODUCTION State Grid Corp. of China, the largest electric power provider in the country, has first build a 1000 kv transmission
More informationEDS SUBSTATION LVAC SUPPLIES
Document Number: EDS 08-1112 Network(s): Summary: EPN, LPN, SPN ENGINEERING DESIGN STANDARD EDS 08-1112 SUBSTATION LVAC SUPPLIES The standard details the requirements and options for the provision of LVAC
More informationVOLUME: IIIC SCHEDULE IIIC/4 11 KV AND 3.3 KV SWITCHGEARS
VOLUME: IIIC SCHEDULE IIIC/4 11 KV AND 3.3 KV SWITCHGEARS A. 11 KV SWITCHGEAR 1.0 SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLY 1.1 Make : 1.2 Type : 1.3 Reference Standard : 1.4 Voltage (Nom./Max.) KV : 1.5 Phase, Frequency No,Hz.
More informationCompany Directive STANDARD TECHNIQUE: SD4O/1. Standard HV Connection Arrangements
Company Directive STANDARD TECHNIQUE: SD4O/1 Standard HV Connection Arrangements Policy Summary This document specifies the standard arrangements for HV metered connections. NOTE: The current version of
More informationGE Consumer & Industrial Power Protection. New. SecoGear kV Metal-clad Switchgear. GE imagination at work
GE Consumer & Industrial Power Protection New SecoGear 12-24kV GE imagination at work General SecoGear metal-clad switchgear is designed and manufactured with advance technology and has been comprehensively
More informationSwitchgear Type SIMOSEC, up to 24 kv, Air-Insulated, Extendable
www.siemens.com/medium-voltage-switchgear Switchgear Type SIMOSEC, up to 24 kv, Air-Insulated, Extendable Medium-Voltage Switchgear Catalog HA 41.43 2012 Answers for infrastructure and cities. Neue Bilder
More informationContents. 1 Introduction. 2. Advisory and Information Systems. 3. Supply. 3.1 Quality of Electric Supply. 3.2 Interference with other Customers
DISTRIBUTION CODE Contents 1 Introduction 2. Advisory and Information Systems 3. Supply 3.1 Quality of Electric Supply 3.2 Interference with other Customers 3.3 Application for the Supply of Electricity
More informationMedium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches
Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches Outdoor Medium Voltage Switch.1 Introduction Product Selection Guide....................................2 Medium Voltage Switch MVS Product Description......................................
More informationMedium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches
Medium Voltage Metal-Enclosed Switches Outdoor Medium Voltage Switch.1 Medium Voltage Switch MVS Product Description............................................. 2 Application Description..........................................
More informationUniPack compact secondary substations (CSS) upto 36 kv For safe, reliable and space saving power distribution solutions
UniPack compact secondary substations (CSS) upto 36 kv For safe, reliable and space saving power distribution solutions ABB a global leader ABB is a global leader in power and automation technologies that
More informationPID 274 Feasibility Study Report 13.7 MW Distribution Inter-Connection Buras Substation
PID 274 Feasibility Study Report 13.7 MW Distribution Inter-Connection Buras Substation Prepared by: Entergy Services, Inc. T & D Planning L-ENT-17A 639 Loyola Avenue New Orleans, LA 70113 Rev Issue Date
More informationNXPLUS C Single busbar. Maintenance-free for lifetime
NXPLUS C Single busbar Maintenance-free for lifetime Energy Distribution Welcome! Page 2 Content Overview Technical data Typicals Panel design Circuit-Breaker panel Busbar Operation Metering Low-voltage
More information2000 Cooper Bussmann, Inc. Page 1 of 9 10/04/00
DO YOU KNOW THE FACTS ABOUT SINGLE-POLE INTERRUPTING RATINGS? YOU MAY BE IN TROUBLE! Typical plant electrical systems use three-phase distribution schemes. As an industry practice, short-circuit calculations
More informationNet Metering Interconnection Requirements. Customer Generation Capacity Not Exceeding 100 kw. Date: Version: 1
Net Metering Interconnection Requirements Customer Generation Capacity Not Exceeding 100 kw Date: 2017-07-01 Version: 1 Revision History Date Rev. Description July 01, 2017 1 Initial release Newfoundland
More informationPF Guard Power Factor Capacitor Bank Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual
PF Guard Power Factor Capacitor Bank Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
More informationElectric Networks/Ina Lehto Updated Original 12/2011
1 TECHNICAL APPENDIX 2 TO THE GUIDELINES CONNECTING AN ELECTRICITY GENERATION INSTALLATION TO THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CONNECTING AN INSTALLATION WITH A NOMINAL RATED CAPACITY OF OVER 100 These instructions
More informationScale of Inspection Fees of Electrical Inspectorate Schedule. I. Fees for Initial Inspections:
PART 7 Scale of Inspection Fees of Electrical Inspectorate Schedule I. Fees for Initial Inspections: SCALE A For an inspection or test of any generating station, receiving station or other places in which
More informationE-12 Low-voltage Switchboard
Guideline No.E-12 (201510) E-12 Low-voltage Switchboard Issued date: 20 October 2015 China Classification Society Foreword This Guide is a part of CCS Rules, which contains technical requirements, inspection
More informationNet Metering Interconnection Requirements
Net Metering Interconnection Requirements Customer Generation Capacity Not Exceeding 100 kw Date: 2017-07-01 Version: 1 Revision History Date Rev. Description July 1, 2017 1 Initial Release Newfoundland
More information201 S. Anaheim Blvd. Page No Anaheim, CA RULE NO. 2 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE
201 S. Anaheim Blvd. Page No. 3.2.1 A. GENERAL 1. The character of electric service available at any particular location should be ascertained by inquiry at the City's Electrical Engineering Division office.
More informationRenewable Generation Electrical Infrastructure and Grid Connection Services Provided by Power Systems Project and Consultancy Services (PCS) Ltd
Renewable Generation Electrical Infrastructure and Grid Connection Services Provided by Power Systems Project and Consultancy Services (PCS) Ltd Power Systems Project and Consultancy Services (PCS) Ltd
More informationAppendix 11 RETURN TO APPENDICES LIST. High Voltage Power Supply Upgrade (Welcon Technologies Pty Ltd)
Appendix 11 RETURN TO APPENDICES LIST High Voltage Power Supply Upgrade (Welcon Technologies Pty Ltd) GLADSTONE AREA WATERBOARD AWOONGA DAM HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY UPGRADE Document: GJ543-RP-02B Submission
More informationCONNECTION ASSESSMENT & APPROVAL PROCESS. Cardinal Substation Modification of 115kV Substation
CONNECTION ASSESSMENT & APPROVAL PROCESS ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Applicant: Project: Cardinal Substation Modification of 115kV Substation CAA ID: 2002 EX071 Long Term Forecasts & Assessments Department\ Consistent
More informationCIS-IEEE 2017 Conference Renewable Energy Session Renewable Energy s Impact of Power Systems
CIS-IEEE 2017 Conference Renewable Energy Session Renewable Energy s Impact of Power Systems Ben Huckaba, P.E. President & Principal Engineer 317-273-9841 benh@alphaeng.us Indiana University Bloomington,
More informationIII. Substation Bus Configurations & Substation Design Recommendations
III. Substation Bus Configurations & Substation Design Recommendations 1.0 Introduction Pre-existing conditions, electrical arrangements or the criticality of the existing facility may limit this flexibility,
More informationSWITCHGEAR FOR SERVICE UP TO 36kV (CABLE AND OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR CONNECTED)
PRODUCED BY THE OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE OF ENERGY NETWORKS ASSOCIATION Issue 3 2012 SWITCHGEAR FOR SERVICE UP TO 36kV (CABLE AND OVERHEAD CONDUCTOR CONNECTED) www.energynetworks.org 2012 Energy Networks
More information8DJ. Maintenance-free for lifetime
8DJ Maintenance-free for lifetime Energy Distribution Welcome! Page 2 October 1 st 2008 8DJ Main Applications for Medium-Voltage Switchgear Power generation Power stations G Power transmission High and
More informationABB POWER SYSTEMS CONSULTING
ABB POWER SYSTEMS CONSULTING DOMINION VIRGINIA POWER Offshore Wind Interconnection Study 2011-E7406-1 R1 Summary Report Prepared for: DOMINION VIRGINIA POWER Report No.: 2011-E7406-1 R1 Date: 29 February
More informationTOWER MAXI T SINGLE CONVERSION ON LINE UPS SYSTEMS
INSTRUCTION MANUAL TOWER MAXI T SINGLE CONVERSION ON LINE UPS SYSTEMS September 2000 TOWER UPS DISTRIBUTION (PTY) LTD 1 1. INTRODUCTION T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 1.1 General Description... 3 1.2 Features...
More informationUNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON Facilities Services Design Guide. Electrical. Switchboards. Basis of Design. Design Evaluation
Basis of Design This section applies to the design relating to low voltage switchboards. Design Criteria UW Class N1 facilities main switchboards shall be rear accessible. The main, tie and feeder breakers
More information