Performance of Photovoltaic and Wind Hybrid Inverter

Transcription

1 211 International Conference on Environment and Industrial Innovation IPCBEE vol.12 (211) (211) IACSIT Press, Singapore Performance of Photovoltaic and Wind Hybrid Inverter I.Daut 1, M.I. Fahmi 2 M. Irwanto 3, C. Shatri 4, M. Adzrie 5 1 Cluster of Electrical Energy and Industrial Electronic Sytem, School of Electrical System Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. ismail.daut@unimap.edu.my 2 Cluster of Electrical Energy and Industrial Electronic Sytem, School of Electrical System Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. wan_iz@yahoo.com Abstract. This paper is presented to analyze the performance of Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Inverter at Kangar, Perlis. This analysis is based on the performance of PV, wind turbine, inverter & battery. The measurement of photovoltaic is for power and solar irradiance and the measurement of wind is for measure the voltage generate and the current when charging the battery through FSNW.8KD inverter by using Fluke 345 and electrocorder. The data of solar irradiance & wind speed is from UniMAP weather station and from weatherlink software. Keywords: solar irradiance, wind turbine, inverter, hybrid. 1. Introduction Nowadays, electric is a main use to people. In Malaysia, the production of electricity in 21 is using 56% Natural Gas, 36% coal, 6% hydro,.2% oil and only 1.8% Renewable Energy [1]. The using of renewable energy is still low. The wind and solar energy are omnipresent, freely available, and environmentally friendly that can consider used as sources for the energy supply in Malaysia. A renewable hybrid energy system consists of two or more energy sources, a power conditioning equipment, a controller and an optional energy storage system. These hybrid energy systems are becoming popular in remote area power generation applications due to advancements in renewable energy technologies and substantial rise in prices of petroleum products [2]. In this research will combine photovoltaic and wind to make hybrid system. The wind energy systems may not be technically viable at all sites because of low wind speeds and being more unpredictable than solar energy. The combined utilization of these renewable energy sources are therefore becoming increasingly attractive and are being widely used as alternative of oil-produced energy. Based on the scenario, the cluster EEIES of University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) has doing the research on the analysis performance of the photovoltaic and wind with the FSNW.8KD inverter at Kangar. 2. Methodology 2.1. Data of Inverter An FSNW.8KD hybrid of inverter and controller is the main equipment used in this experiment. It adopts dedicated microcomputer chip and non-contact control technology and has protection system. The main electric circuit adopts USA FC MOSFET and the most advanced intelligent power module IGBT, having good transient response and high efficiency in inverting. The technical parameters of the inverter are shown in Table

2 Type FSNW.8KD DC Input Rated Capacity (kw).8 Input Rated voltage (V) 24 Input voltage recommended range (V) 22 ~ 33 AC Output Rated capacity (kw).7 Rated Voltage (V) 23 true sine wave Rated Frequency (Hz) 5 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) 3% (linear load) Voltage steady precision (V) 23 ± 3% Inverter efficiency (8% load) 85% Table 1: Technical Specification Data of FSNW.8KD inverter 2.2. Experiment Setup The main equipment consist of PV module, Wind, FSNW.8KD hybrid of inverter and controller, battery, AC Loads and the measurement equipments with software consist of Electrocorder (Electrosoft), Weather Station (weather link), Fluke 345 clamp meter (Data Logger). These equipments block diagram is shown in Figure 1. Electrocorder (Electrosoft*) PM3 Power Analyzer (VPAS Lite) PV MODULE WIND FSNW.8KD Battery Weather Station (Weather Link) Fluke 345 clamp meter (data logger) Fig. 1: Experiment setup to analyze the Performance The weather station is used to measure the solar irradiance and wind speed of Kangar, Malaysia. The weather station is set using weather link software, that can recorded every the solar irradiance and wind speed every minutes and the recorded solar irradiance and wind speed can be downloaded by using weather link software. Four units of Uni-Solar PV module are used to generate DC electrical energy. Each PV module has rated maximum power of 62W, maximum current of 4.13A and maximum voltage of 15v. Each two units of PV module are connected in series and connected in parallel each other to be a PV panel. The PV panel has rated maximum power of 248W, maximum current of 8.26A and maximum voltage of 3V. The PV panel is used to charge the 24V battery and run the inverter. The AC voltage of the inverter of the inverter is used to serve the AC loads. The wind are using Rotor diameter: 2.2m, Rated wind speed: 1m/s, Rated power: 45W, Rated voltage: DC24V, Generator: Three phase permanent magnet, Material of blade: Reinforced nylon/aluminium alloy, Start up wind speed: 2.5m/s, Cut-in wind speed: 3m/s, Quantity of blades: 3PCS, Rated rotate speed (rpm): 45, Tower altitude: 8m, Top weight: 34kg, Reductor of transmission: Centrifugal brake, Protection method: Automatic, Guyed steel pole/kg (8m height). The electrocorder is used to measure the voltage of PV panel, the voltage of wind, the voltage and current of battery. The electrocorder is using electrosoft software, therefore it can record the voltage and current every minute and recorded value can be downloaded using the software. The Fluke 345 is functions as a clamp meter, data logger and digital power meter. The hall effect clamp meter design makes measurement of dc current possible without the need to break the circuit. 189

3 The PM3 power analyzer is used to measure the AC load average power. It is set using VPAS lite software, therefore the measurement can be recorded every minute and downloaded by the software. 3. Result and Discussion The performance analysis of PV powered single-phasee inverter is done a half day. (9am 5pm of 16 February 211). The performance analysis of wind is done in 2 days (5pm 22 February 211 until 5pm 24 February 211) Performance of PV analysis The performance of solar irradiance in Kangar, Perlis on 16 February 211 are shown in the Fig. 2. Fig. 2: Solar Irradiance data using Weather Station Fig 2 shows the performance of solar irradiance, the data is collected from the weather station. Total solar irradiance at Kangar from 9am to 5pm in clear day is 26KW/m² and the average is W/m² The highest solar irradiance is 1146 W/m² at 1. pm and the lowest is 135 W/m². The solar irradiance in Kangar is good to generate the electric energy. Figure 3: Power Generate by photovoltaic Fig 3 shows the power generated from the photovoltaic, this data is collected by using PM3 power analyzer and by using VPAS Lite software. This data is taken on 16 February 211 from 9am to 5pm. Total power generates is 2.13KW and the average is 78.91W. The highest power generate is 83 watt and the lowest is 77.5W. The power generate in Kangar is more stable. 3.2 The performancee of Wind The performance of wind in Kangar, Perlis on February 2111 are shown in the Fig. 5 and 6. 19

4 Volt Wind voltage by Electrocorder 17:57:45 2::45 22:3:45 :6:45 2:9:45 4:12:45 6:15:45 8:18:45 1:21:45 12:24:45 14:27:45 16:3:45 18:33:45 2:36:45 22:39:45 :42:45 2:45:45 4:48:45 6:51:45 8:54:45 1:57:45 13::45 15:3: Time Fig. 4: This wind voltage data from the Electrocorder In fig. 4 shown that the volts generates from the wind, this measured data directly to the electrocorder and using electrosoft software. The highest volt produce is 5.5volt at 11am 23 February 211. These graph shows that the wind only produces a small voltage. Maybe in Kangar, there is a low wind (shown at Fig. 6). Amps (A) Current Generated from the Wind 17:18:33 19:53:33 22:28:33 1:3:33 3:38:33 6:13:33 8:48:33 11:23:33 13:58:33 16:33:33 19:8:33 21:43:33 :18:33 2:53:33 5:28:33 8:3:33 1:38:33 13:13:33 15:48:33 18:23:33 2:58:33 23:33:33 2:8:33 4:43:33 7:18:33 9:53:33 12:28:33 15:3:33 Time Fig. 5: Data of the current generated from the wind The result shows data in Fig. 5 shows the graph taken from the measurement using fluke 345 Clamp Meter. The measurement take at the between inverter and battery when charging the battery. This means that the graph is charge the battery by using the wind that generates the power. The result show that the measure Amps (A) in average. The higher amps generate are 13.5A and not generate the voltage when in early morning. Fig. 7 shows the speed of wind taken at 22 February 211 until 24 February 211 by using the UniMAP weather station at Kangar. The speed is just good for average energy generate. The highest speed is around 19km/h. Wind Speed (km/h) WeatherLink February 211 Fig. 7: The wind speed measure using weather station 191

5 4. Conclusion The power generate from the PV are directly proportional to the solar irradiance. If the solar irradiance is high, the power generates are higher. The wind voltage generates are also directly portpotional to the speed of wind. The highest power generate is 83Watt from PV and the highest voltage generate from the wind is 13 Amps. The performance of the phovoltaic are good and the performance of wind are average at Kangar, Perlis. 5. Acknowledgement This research was supported by the Electrical Energy & Industrial Electronic Systems Research Cluster (EEIES) of University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). 6. References [1] Chen, W.-n. PV Status in Malaysia. Pusat Tenaga Malaysia.Fontes, Roque, & Maia. (29). Micro Generation Solar and Wind Hybrid System. IEEE explore (6th December 27). [2] a, L. A., Cano, L., Cruz, I., Mata, M., & Llobet, E,PV wind hybrid system performance: A new approach and a case study. Renewable Energy, (21). [3] Nema, P., Nema, R. K., & Rangnekar, S. A current and future state of art development of hybrid energy system using wind and PV-solar: A reviewrenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, (29). [4] Simoes, M. G., & Farret, F. A. Renewable Energy Systems Design and Analysis with Induction Generators. [5] I.Daut, M.Irwanto & M.Irwan. Current Total Harmonic Distortion Analysis of Photovoltaic Powered Single Phase Inverter. Paper presented at the Proceedings of 21 National Conference on Science and Mathematics Application (SKASM21). 192