Selling energy simplified explained
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1 Selling energy simplified explained Craig Memery October 2014
2 About ATA Not for profit Established 1980 Australia s largest green publisher Renew and Sanctuary magazines 5,300 members 14 active branches Professional consulting services International projects
3 Part 1: Retail and the NEM What is the National Energy Market? Centralised energy 101 Energy consumption Energy generation Energy retail Questions at the end
4 Image: ABARE Energy systems in Australia
5 The (not exactly) National Energy Market (NEM) Worlds largest energy system Five regions Interconnected 4,500km end to end Image: AER
6 Centralised energy systems Image: AEMO
7 Who are the energy users? 9.3 Million consumers 200 TWh (200,000,000,000kWh)/year
8 Generation Generators produce electricity from fossil fuels or nuclear sources (boo) and from renewable or sustainable sources (yay) May be large (over 1GW) and located at a fuel source (a coal deposit or a windy region) may be small (a few kw) and located at or near customer load (distributed generation) or anything in between
9 NEM generation Accounts for about 1/4 of household bills About 320 registered (200 large) generators 48+ GigaWatts (48,000,000 kw) capacity (not including demand-side generators) Current massive oversupply of capacity Most generation traded through a spot market
10 NEM retail Retailers sell generated energy to consumers Choice of retailer except for Tas and Nth Qld 22 electricity retailers for small consumers 18 active in Vic, 4 in ACT, others in between Three retailers account for77% of consumers Most vertically integrated with generators Prices deregulated: NSW (from July 14) Vic, SA Prices regulated by AER: Tas, Qld (soon), ACT
11 Being a retailer is complicated Lots of rules... National Energy (Electricity, Gas) Laws (NEL) National Energy Rules (NER) National Electricity Retail Law (NERL) National Electricity Retail Rules (NERR) National Energy Customer Framework (NECF) Many Jurisdictional instruments... that are constantly changing
12 Being a retailer is complicated Lots of people people to answer to and things to stay on top of...
13 Being a retailer is complicated Lots of risks and costs... Volume and price risk Prudential costs and overheads Policy uncertainty Competition from emerging technologies Pesky pro-competitive reforms Does it have to be so hard to sell energy???
14 End of part one. Questions?
15 Part 2: What are the alternatives to being an energy retailer? What s driving energy retail alternatives? The black and the green Selling inside and outside the market Selling curtailment of energy Recent and impending reforms Questions as we go
16 20th Century Electrical Transmission business Systems Large Generators Distribution business Things were so much simpler then Retail business Customers
17 21st Century Electrical Transmission businesses Systems Large Generators Distributed generators / storage Distribution businesses Retail businesses Customers and the rest of the world that cant really be bothered with energy markets and just wants to eat lunch and go to the beach. Oh yeah, and have clean energy duh.
18 Selling the black and the green Black energy traded or billed (kwh) All energy traded has a black component NEM makes no distinction of energy source The energy in renewable energy Green renewable energy certificates The renewable in renewable energy Traded in external markets May be bundled with the black
19 What is the green? Retailers purchase Renewable Energy Certificates to meet Renewable Energy Target obligations: Large Generation Certificates (LGCs) To meet Large Renewable Energy Target Created by large RE generators, egwind farms Can be GreenPower accredited Small Technology Certificates (STCs) Under Small Renewable Energy Scheme Created by small RE generators, eg residential PV Can t be GreenPower accredited
20 Selling the black and the green An example - buying GreenPower Your retailer sells you black energy from the NEM (like every other consumer) You pay a premium for green energy to be generated on your behalf, either Bundled with the black (from the retailer), or Separately (from a third-party GreenPower seller) The retailer or third party purchases renewable energy certificates based on your consumption
21 Options for selling energy Consumer M National Energy Market Selling the black Selling the green
22 Traditional energy retail Consumer M National Energy Market
23 GreenPower (from a retailer) Consumer M National Energy Market
24 GreenPower (from a 3 rd party) Consumer M National Energy Market GP 3 rd Party
25 Feed in Tariffs (FiTs) and Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) Seller: The consumer (with a generator) Buyer: Black - energy retailer. Green various for STCs, LGCs Price: Household -<8c/kWh (no minimum in NSW). Large generators -linked to spot price or fixed (less than 5c/kWh in either case)
26 Feed in tariffs: small renewables Consumer M National Energy Market Clearing house
27 FiTs/PPAs: Large Renewables (1) Consumer M National Energy Market
28 FiTs/PPAs: Large Renewables (2) Consumer M National Energy Market REC trader
29 Registered market generators Seller: The generator Buyer: Black spot market (generators offer hedge contracts to retailers) Green REC traders and/or retailers Price: Spot price averages well below $50/MWh (5c/kWh), more for peaking plants. Green LGC prices subject to RET review?
30 Wholesale: Market generators Consumer M National Energy Market REC trader
31 Behind the meter exempt retail arrangements Seller: The generator owner/financer Buyer: Black Consumer Green REC traders, retailers, clearing house Price: Onsite - retail prices generally 25c/kWh+ Export -can be linked to FiT / PPA
32 Behind the meter exempt retail Consumer M National Energy Market Exempt retailer SMALL RENEWABLES Clearing house
33 (Consumer still trades with a retailer) Consumer M National Energy Market Exempt retailer
34 Demand response selling Seller: The consumer Negawatts Buyer: The retailer or distributor (possibly in future a Demand Response Aggregator) Price: Linked to value of deferring or avoiding asset builds, or high spot market prices (up to $13,100/MWh)
35 Demand response Consumer M National Energy Market
36 Energy market reforms (if time) Revised Retail Exemption Guidelines (AER) Metering reforms (Various) Demand Response Mechanism (AEMO) Network tariff reform (SCER/AEMC) Multiple Trading Relationships (AEMO) Embedded Networks (AEMO) Connecting embedded generators (AEMC)
37 Thankyou! Questions?
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