Green Energy Corridors II (Part-A)

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2 Green Energy Corridors II (Part-A) A Plan for Integration of Ultra Mega Solar Power Parks Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Gurgaon

3 Table of content Executive Summary i Chapter Background. Introduction.2 Development of Ultra Mega Solar Power Parks 4.3 Transmission Connectivity of Solar Power Parks 4.4 Objective of the Study 5.5 Organisation of the Report 5 Chapter 2 Overview of Power Scenario 7 2. Indian Power scenario-present & Future Solar Generation Potential Solar Generation Characteristics Solar Integration: Benefits and Challenges 0 Chapter 3 Global Developments on PV & Forecasting 2 3. World Solar PV Capacity Germany Experience China Experience Solar Parks around the Globe Topaz (550 MW) & Desert Sunlight Solar Farm (550 MW) - USA Solar Generation Forecasting Weather Forecast Models Numerical Weather Prediction Cloud Imagery Statistical Models Energy Forecast Models Physical Models Statistical Models Hybrid Models Factors that influence forecast accuracy Solar Forecasting by system operators 24 Chapter 4 International Standards Technical Standards for Grid Connectivity for Solar Generation Spanish Standards German Standards The BDEW medium voltage directive The VDE code of practice The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), Indian Connectivity Standards and other relevant regulations CEA Technical Standards for connectivity regulation Renewable Regulatory Fund mechanism under CERC 34 Chapter 5 Study Methodology 36

4 5. Grid Integration of Solar Generation Approach Demand Generation Scenario & RE Operational Trends Time Frame Scenario and Dispatch of Renewable Generation Demand and Generation Transmission System Transmission Planning Criteria 4 Chapter 6 System Study and Results Studies for Evolution of Transmission System Approaches for Reactive Power Compensation Solar Parks in Southern region Solar parks in Andhra Pradesh Study for Solar park in Karnataka Solar park in Telangana Solar park in Kerala Solar Parks in Western region Study for Solar park in Gujarat Study for Solar parks in Madhya Pradesh Solar parks in Maharashtra Solar parks in Chhattisgarh Solar Parks in Northern region Study for Solar parks in Rajasthan Study for Solar park in Himachal Pradesh Solar parks in Uttar Pradesh Solar park in Jammu Solar park in Uttarakhand Solar parks in Haryana Solar Parks in Eastern region Solar parks in West Bengal Solar parks in Orissa Solar Parks in North Eastern region Solar park in Arunachal Pradesh Solar park in Meghalaya Solar parks in Nagaland Solar park in Assam Summary of Proposed Transmission Scheme 84 Chapter 7 Estimated Cost Southern Region Solar Park in Andhra Pradesh (4 parks of 4000MW) Solar Park in Karnataka (Tumkur: 2000MW) Solar Park in Telangana (Gattu: 000MW) Solar Park in Kerala (Kasargode: 200MW) Western Region Solar Park in Gujarat (Banaskantha: 700MW) Solar Park in Madhya Pradesh (Total Capacity: 2750MW) Solar Park in Maharashtra (Total Capacity: 500MW) Solar Park in Chhattisgarh (Total Capacity: 500MW) 0

5 7.3 Northern Region Solar Park in Rajasthan (Total Capacity: 3930MW) Solar Park in Himachal Pradesh(Spiti valley :000MW) Solar park in Uttar Pradesh (Total Capacity: 600MW) Solar park in Haryana (Total Capacity: 500MW) Solar park in Jammu (Samba : 00MW) Eastern Region Solar Park in West Bengal (Total Capacity: 500MW) Solar Park in Orissa (Total Capacity: 000MW) North Eastern Region Solar Park in Ar. Pradesh (Tezu : 00MW) Solar Park in Meghalaya (Total capacity :20MW) Solar park in Nagaland (Total Capacity: 60MW) Solar park in Assam (Amguri: 69MW) 7.6 Summary of Cost Estimate Chapter 8 Strategy Framework For Transmission Development 5 8. Strategy Framework for Transmission Development for Solar Implementation Strategy Financing Strategy 6 Chapter 9 Way Forward 8 9. Difference in Gestation Period of Solar Generation and Transmission Establishment of REMC Grid Connectivity Standards Data Sharing by RES Generators (Wind/Solar) Forecasting & Ancillary Services Regulation Research in Forecasting Technologies Roles & Responsibilities of Statutory Bodies/Authorities towards implementation of measures 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY 24 ANNEXURES 89

6 Green Energy Corridor-II: Part-A Executive Summary Government of India (GoI) is giving huge impetus on the energy sustainability as well as energy access through clean, cheap and reliable sources. The country is bestowed with abundant renewable energy potential which can be harnessed to meet such targets. In this direction, Government of India has an ambitious plan to develop,00,000 MW Solar and 60,000 MW Wind generation capacity by Solar capacity targets of,00,000 MW includes setting up of 34 solar parks in 2 States, mostly with a capacity of 500 to 000 MW (as ultra-mega solar power projects) thereby targeting around 20,000 MW solar generation installed capacity. Balance Solar capacity comprises 40,000 MW Roof top Solar PV and 40,000 MW through distributed solar generation. To evolve plan for Grid integration of large scale solar/wind generation capacities, POWERGRID has been entrusted by Ministry of Power (MOP) to formulate Grid Integration Plan for envisaged renewable capacity addition by 2022 as Green Energy Corridors-II. The scope of Green Energy Corridors-II includes identification of transmission scheme, its implementation, financing strategy etc. (copy of the letter from MOP is enclosed at Annexure-.). Since pocket/district wise annual capacity addition plans of wind generation was awaited from various states, it was decided that power evacuation arrangement for the identified Thirty Four (34) Solar Power Parks of about 20,000 MW capacities in Twenty one (2) states envisaged through Intra state & Interstate evacuation may be evolved as Green Energy Corridors-II (Part-A). Inter State : Thirteen (3) solar parks of about 9220 MW solar park capacity envisaged in seven states viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh (4), Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan(4), Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh Intra State : Twenty one (2) solar parks of about 0,780 MW capacity As per the information provided by MNRE/MOP, details of solar power parks have been consolidated, a list of which is placed as under (Table-.). I

7 Table-.: List of proposed ultra-mega solar parks S. No. State Location Capacity (MW) Inter State Andhra Pradesh (one solar park) NP Kunta, Distt. Anantpur & Cuddapah Gujarat (one solar park) Radnesada village, Taluk-Vav, Distt. Banaskantha Karnataka (one solar park) 4 Madhya Pradesh (Four solar parks) Pavagada,, Distt. Tumkur 2000 Distt. Rewa 750 Distt. Agar (250MW) & and Shajapur(250MW) 500 Distt. Chhattarpur Rajasthan (Four solar parks) Distt. Morena (250MW) and Rajgarh (250MW) Bhadla Ph-III (M/s Saurya : 000MW) Bhadla, Distt. Jodhpur Bhadla Ph-IV (M/s Adani : 500MW) Bhadla, Distt. Jodhpur M/s Essel Saurya Phalodi & Pokaran, Distt. Jodhpur/Jaisalmer 250 (Rajgarh) (250MW of Morena park under intra state) 500 (balance 500MW in intra state) 250 (balance 250MW in intra state) Himachal Pradesh (one solar park) M/s Adani : 500MW Fatehgarh & Pokaran, Distt. Jaisalmer 42* (total capacity in ISTS : 000MW) Spiti Valley, Distt. Lahul & Spiti Arunachal Pradesh (one solar park) Tezu, Distt. Lohit 00 Total Capacity in inter state (MW) 922 II

8 Intra State Andhra Pradesh (Three solar parks) Gani and Sakunala village Distt. Kurnool 000 Galiveedu Mandal, Distt. Kadapa 000 Tadipathri Mandal, Distt. Anantpur Assam (one solar park) 3 Chhattisgarh (one solar park) Amguri, Distt. Sibsagar 69 Distt. Rajnandgao & Janjgir Champa Haryana (one solar park) 5 Jammu & Kashmir (one park of 00MW capacity) 6 Kerala (one park of 200MW capacity) 7 Madhya Pradesh (one solar park) Bagun in Distt. Hisar, Beralu & Singhani in Distt. Bhiwani and Daukhera in Distt. Mahindergarh Mohagarh & Badla Brahmana Distt. Samba Paivalike, Meenja, Kinanoor, Kraindalam & Ambalathara village Distt. Kasargode Distt. Neemuch (500MW) & Mandsaur (250MW) ** 8 Maharashtra (three solar parks 500MW capacity) 9 Meghalaya (one park of 20MW capacity) 0 Nagaland (one park of 60MW capacity) Sakri, Distt. Dhule 500 Dondaicha, Distt. Dhule 500 Patoda, Distt. Beed 500 Distt. West Jaintia Hills & East Jaintia hills 20 Distt. Dimapur, Kohima & New Peren 60 Odhisa (one park of Distt. Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi and Angul 000 III

9 000MW capacity) 2 Rajasthan (one solar park) Bhadla Ph-II Bhadla, Distt. Jodhpur Tamil Nadu (one solar park) 4 Telangana (one solar park) 5 Uttar Pradesh (one solar park) To be decided 500 Gattu, Distt. Mehboob Nagar 500 Distt. Jalaun, Allahabad, Mirzapur & Kanpur Uttarakhand(one solar park) Industrial area sitaganj (Ph-I & II) & Kashipur 50 7 West Bengal (one solar park) East Mednipur, west Mednipur, Bankura 500 Total Capacity in intra state (MW) 0779 * Fatehgarh solar park: 42 MW capacity out of 500MW capacity (inter : 000MW) is part of MNRE 20GW target for which GoI support is envisaged ** Neemuch solar park: 250 MW capacity out of 500MW is part of MNRE 20GW target Present report i.e. Green Energy Corridor-II covers the plan for Grid integration of solar power parks at Inter-state level and intra state level The present report covers the following scope of integration of solar power parks ) Identification of transmission infrastructure for likely capacity addition through solar power parks at inter state & intra state 2) Estimation of capital expenditure for development of transmission infrastructure 3) Implementation and Financing Strategy IV

10 Simulation for Study Studies have been carried out to identify transmission infrastructure requirement for ultra-mega solar parks in various states. To carry out the studies, inputs like existing generation data, information provided by MNRE regarding details of solar parks i.e. location, quantum and time frame in various states, pocket wise RE& conventional generation capacity addition program in time frame of & has been considered. Information about existing and planned transmission system including various transmission corridors High Capacity Corridors/Green Energy corridors, wind and solar generation pattern, network topology etc. has been taken into account in studies. A typical daily demand curve for all India in different season is shown as under: Figure : Typical All India daily demand curve for all seasons (source POSOCO) A typical solar generation pattern of all the three seasons i.e. winter, summer & Monsoon is shown below in Figure: Fig 2: Typical Solar seasonal & diurnal pattern (Source-LBNL) V

11 Based on the above, it was observed that all India peak demand in summer season is slightly higher as compared to other seasons as well as Solar is also higher in that seasonal scenario. Therefore, studies were carried out for Solar generation maximized scenario i.e. Summer Other than peak condition. However, studies of sensitivity with other scenarios were also carried to check network adequacy. Proposed Transmission System & Estimated Costs In order to facilitate transfer of power from envisaged ultra mega solar power parks, Inter state & intra state transmission scheme is evoled. Estimated cost of proposed transmisisn scheme is as under Inter state transmission scheme : Rs 804 Cr Intra state transmisison scheme : Rs 4745 Cr Total : Rs 2,786 Cr Details of transmisison scheme are as under (Table.2) Table-.2: Proposed Transmission scheme for solar parks S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme Ananthpur (NP Kunta) Andhra Pradesh (500MW) Phase-I (250 MW) LILO of 400KV Kadapa(Cuddapah) Kolar S/c line at NP Kunta Pooling station 2 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station x25 MVAR Bus Reactor at NP Kunta Pooling station ±00 MVAR STATCOM at 400kV NP Kunta Pooling station Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at NP Kunta Pooling station Phase-II (750 MW) LILO of Hindupur- Kadapa(Cuddapah) 400kV D/c (quad) line at NP Kunta Pooling station 6 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station Phase-III (500 MW) Augmentation of transformation capacity at NP Kunta station with 4th, x500 MVA, 400/220kV transformer 4 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station VI

12 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 2 Gani/Panyam, Distt. Kurnool, AP (000MW) Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Gani/Panyam 400kV Gani/[Panyam - Kurnool D/c line (Quad) 3 Mailavaram solar park, Distt. Kadapa, AP (000MW), 400kV Jammalamadugu/ Kondapuram - Gani/Panyam D/c line (Quad) 2x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Panyam Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Mailavaram Mailavaram - Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (Quad) line x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Mailavaram 4 Talaricheruvu solar park, Distt. Anantpur, AP (500MW) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Talaricheruvu LILO of Uravakonda Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (quad) line at Talaricheruvu 5 Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur, Karnataka (2000MW) x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Talaricheruvu Phase-I (000 MW) LILO of 400kV Gooty Madhugiri D/c at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station LILO of 400kV Bellary Pool Madhugiri D/c (Quad)(both circuits)[kptcl line] at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station* Tumkur Pooling station - Hiriyur 400 kv D/c Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Pooling station at Tumkur (Pavagada) along with x25mvar bus reactor 8 Nos. 220kV Line bays at Tumkur PS for Solar Interconnection Phase-II Part-A Hiriyur Mysore 400 kv D/c line $ Augmentation of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformer at Tumkur(Pavagada) Pooling station x25mvar bus reactor (2 nd ) at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station Third 400/220 kv, x500 MVA transformer at Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur) x80 MVAR switchable Line reactor at Mysore end of Hiriyur- Mysore D/c for each circuit. $ with the completion of this line, it would be connected with Tumkur(Pavagada) Pooling station Hiriyur 400 kv D/c line near Hiriyur to form Tumkur(Pavagada) Mysore D/c direct line VII

13 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 6 Gattu solar park, Dist.. Mehboob nagar, Telangana (500MW) 7 Distt. Kasargode, Kerala (500MW) Part-B Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station- Devanahally (KPTCL) 400kV D/c(Quad) Establishment of 3x200 MVA, 220/32KV Substation at Gattu Gattu solar park Vettur 220kV D/c line Gattu solar park - Themajipet 220kV D/c line Establishment of 3x200MVA, 220/32KV pooling Substation at Kasargode 8 Banaskantha, Gujarat (700MW) 9 Rewa, Madhya Pradesh (750MW) 0 Agar (250MW), Rajgarh (250MW) & Shajapur (250MW), MP Kasargode pool Kasargode 220kV 2xD/c line Kasargode Wayanad 400kV D/c line 400kV Banaskantha (Radhanesda) pooling station Banaskantha (PG) D/c 2 nos. 400 kv line bays at Bansakanta(PG) Establishment of 400/220kV, 3x500 MVA Pooling station at Rewa LILO of Vindhyachal Jabalpur 400kV 2nd D/c line (circuit-3&4) at Rewa Pooling Station x25 MVAr bus reactor at Rewa Pooling Station 6 Nos. 220kV Line bays at Rewa Pooling station(for its interconnection with solar park) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv Pooling station at/near Jeerapur LILO of both circuits of RAPP Shujalpur 400 kv D/c at Jeerapur Pooling station X25 Mvar, 420 kv Bus Reactor at Jeerapur Pooling station 220kV line bays (0 nos) for solar park interconnections Chhatarpur Solar park (500MW), MP Shujalpur (PG) -Shujalpur (MP) 2nd 220 kv D/C line or another 220kV outlet from Shujalpur (PG) towards Ashta/other load center** ** to be implemented as intra state by MPPTCL Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv substation at Bijawar LILO of Satna Bina 400kV (st) D/c line at Bijawar. (There are four 400kV circuits between Satna and Bina out of which one is proposed to be LILOed at Sagar (MPPTCL) Substation. This LILO is on one D/c out of the above three remaining 400kV circuits between Satna and Bina). X25 Mvar, 420 kv Bus Reactor at Bijawar pooling station. 4 nos. 220kV line bays for termination of LILO of both ckts of Tikamgarh - Chatarpur 220 kv D/c line. VIII

14 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme Space for 4 nos. of 220kV line bays for solar park interconnections 2nd circuit stringing of 220kV Tikamgarh Chhatarpur line** 2 Neemuch solar park (500MW) & Mandsaur solar park (250MW), MP LILO of Tikamgarh - Chhatarpur 220 kv D/c line(both circuits) at Bijawar PS** ** to be implemented as intra state scheme Mandsaur solar park (250MW) 400/220kV Sitamau (Mandsaur) substation Mandsaur - Nagda 400kV D/c line Interim arrangement 220kV D/c line from Solar Park Pooling station to crossing point of Bhanpura- Badod 220kV line Neemuch solar park (500MW), MP 400/220kV Sitamau (Mandsaur) substation Mandsaur - Nagda 400kV D/c line 220kV Ratangarh Pooling station 3 Morena solar park (250MW) MP 4 Guru Mega solar park (500MW) & Maharashtra 5 MAHAGENCO Solar park (500MW), Maharashtra Proposed intra state transmisiison scheme is under developers scope as connectivity transmission system (Agreed in western region standing committee meeting) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv substation at Village Balsane LILO of one ckt. of 400 kv Dhule - Sardar Sarovar D/C lineat 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s. 220 kv Shivajinagar - Balsane Pooling S/s. D/C line LILO of 220 kv Dhule - Dondaicha S/C at 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s. 6 K.P.Power Solar park (500MW), Maharashtra Establishment of 3x200 MVA, 220/32kV substation at Patoda pooling station Upgradation of 32kV Kharda S/s. to 220kV with 2 x 00MVA 220/32 kv ICTs Patoda (existing) - Patoda Pooling station 220kV D/c line Patoda Pooling - Kharda -Jeur 220kV D/c line LILO of one ckt of 32 kv Ashti -Kharda D/c at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s LILO of 32 kv Beed Raimoha S/c line at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s. IX

15 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 7 Rajnandgaon & Janjgir Champa Chhattisgarh (500MW) Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x200 MVA Pooling station each at Patoda pooling Station Rajnandgaon & Janjgir Champa Rajnandgaon Bhilai 220kV D/c line 8 Bhadla Ph-II, Rajasthan (680MW) Janjgir Champa Mopka 220kV D/c line 400kV Bhadla Bikaner D/c line (Quad) 400kV Ramgarh Bhadla (PG) D/c line LILO of one ckt of Jodhpur Merta D/c line at Bhadla 9 Bhadla Ph-III, Rajasthan (500MW) Establishment of 400/220kV, 3x500MVA Station at Bhadla Establishment of 765/400/220kV (765/400kV: 3x500MVA, 400/220kV : 3x500 MVA) Pooling Station at Bhadla (PG) 765kV Bhadla (PG) Bikaner (PG) D/c 20 Bhadla Ph-IV, Rajasthan (250MW) 2 Essel Saurya, Phalodi/Pokharan, Rajasthan (750MW) 22 Fatehgarh,Jasialmer Rajasthan (000MW) 400kV Bhadla (PG)- Bhadla (RVPN) D/c (Quad) 2 nos. 400kV & 4 nos. 220kV line bays line bays at Bhadla (PG) x240 MVAr switchable line reactor at each end (each ckt) of the 765kV Bhadla(PG)- Bikaner(PG) D/c line x240 MVAr (765kV) & x25mvar (400kV) Bus reactor at Bhadla Pooling Station Establishment of 400kV Pooling Station at Fatehgarh (with a provision to upgrade at 765kV level) 765kV Fatehgarh Pool - Bhadla (PG) D/c line (initially to be operated at 400kV) 2 nos. 400kV line bays at Fatehgarh PS 2 nos. 400kV line bays at Bhadla (PG) 23 Himachal Pradesh (000MW) x25 MVAR Bus reactor at 400kV Fatehgarh pooling station Alternative-I Spiti Valley Pooling point Jangi 400kV D/c line Establishment of 400/220kV, 3X500 MVA Transformers at Spiti valley Wangtu pool Panchkula 400 kv D/c line (Quad) 25 MVAR bus reactor at Spiti Valley pooling station Alternative-II Spiti Valley Pooling point Wangtu +/- 325 kv D/c VSC based HVDC Bi-pole line X

16 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme Establishment of +/-325 kv, 3X500 MW HVDC Bi-pole Terminals at Spiti Valley & Wangtu pool Wangtu Pooling Panchkula 400 kv D/c line (Quad) 24 Jalaun, Mirzapur, Allahabad & Kanpur, UP (600MW) Transmission System for solar power parks at Jalaun Augmentation of transformation capacity at 400/220 kv Bhadrekhi (Urai) with 2x60 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer 32 kv Parasan (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Gurrah (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Dakore (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line LILO of 32 kv Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) (400) D/c line at Baghauli (Solar Plant) 33 kv Tikar-II (Solar plant) Rahaiya (Orai) D/c line (Panther Conductor) (LILO of one ckt. at Tikar-I (Solar Plant)) 2 Nos. 33 kv line bays at Rahaiya (Orai) S/s 220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Bah (Agra) S/c line 220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Sikandera (Kanpur dehat) S/c line 220 kv Bah (Agra) Sirsaganj (Firozabad) S/c line 32 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Jalaun S/c line Transmission System for Mirzapur, Allahabad and Kanpur Solar parks 32 kv Meja Kosda Kala (Solar plant), Meja D/c line 32 kv Jigna Dadar Vijaypur (Solar plant), Mirzapur D/c line 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Jigna S/s 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Meja S/s 32 kv Gujrai (Solar Plant) Pukhraya D/c line 25 Mohargarh & Badla Brahman solar parks, Distt. Samba, J&K (00MW) 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Pukhraya S/s Solar Park (near Mohagarh/Badla Brahman) Jammu 220kV D/c line Establishment of 2x 00MVA, 220/32 kv Substation at Mohargarh/Badla Brahmana, XI

17 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 26 Bugan (Distt. Hisar), Baralu & Singhani (Distt. Bhiwani) & Daukhera (Distt. Mahindergarh), Haryana (500MW) 27 Distt. East Mednipur, West Mednipur & Bankura, West Bengal (500MW) Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x00 MVA Pooling station each at Bagun, Barula, Singhani and Daukhera Bagun Hisar (IA) 220kV D/c line Barula Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line Singhani Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line Daukhera Rewari 220kV D/c line Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x00 MVA Pooling station each at Bankura, East Mednipur & West Mednipur Bankura New Bishnupur 220kV D/c line East Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line West Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line 28 Distt. Balasore,Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul, Orissa (000MW) 29 Arunachal Pradesh (00MW) Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x60 MVA Pooling station each at Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul Balasore pooling station Balasore 220kV D/c line Keonjhar pooling station Joda 220kV D/c line Deogarh pooling station Barkote 220kV D/c line Angul pooling station Meramundali 220kV D/c line Boudh pooling station Bolangir 220kV D/c line Kalahandi pooling station Therubali 220kV D/c line Stringing of 2nd ckt of Pasighat-Roing Tezu-Namsai 32kV S/c line Tezu pool Tezu 32kV D/c line 30 Thamar (Distt. West Jaintia Hills and Suchen (Distt. East Jaintia Hills), Meghalaya (20MW) 3 Distt. Dimapur, Kohima & New Peren, Nagaland (60MW) Establishment of 32/33kV, 2x50 MVA Pooling station at Tezu pool 33kV Thamar-Myntdu Leshka HEP (MLHEP) line 33kV Suchen-Myntdu Leshka HEP (MLHEP) line 32kV Myntdu Leshka HEP(MLHEP - Mustem D/c line 33/32kV suitable capacity transformer at Myntdu Lashka HEP(MLHEP) Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Thamar & Suchen Transmission system for Jalukie solar park 33kV Jalukie solar park Jalukie 2xD/c interconnection at 33kV level Charging of Peren Jalukie Dimapur line at 32kV level (the line is agreed as a part of comprehensive scheme for strengthening of XII

18 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme transmission & distribution in Nagaland) Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Jalukie solar park Transmission system for Ganesh Nagar solar park 33kV Ganesh Nagar solar park Ganesh Nagar D/c interconnection at 33kV level Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Ganeshnagar Transmission system for Zhadima solar park LILO of 33kV Kohima Zhadima line at Zhadima solar park at 33kV 32 Amguri, Assam (69MW) Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Zhadima 32kV Amguri solar park Mariani D/c line Establishment of 32/33kV, 2x50 MVA Pooling station at Amguri ** TN solar park - site under revision, Uttarakhand (50MW) to be evacuated at distribution level (33kV & downstream) Note : ) No intra state transmission scheme is identified for solar park in Tamil Nadu as Site for solar park is under revision 2) In Uttarakhand, quantum of solar generation capacity is too less (50MW among 3 locations), it is preferred to absorb the power by nearby load centres through 33kV & downstream network 3) Transmission scheme for Mandsaur & Neemuch solar park in MP is under implementation by MPPTCL in Green Energy Corridor-I 4) Transmission scheme for Bhadla Ph-II solar park in Rajasthan is existing/under implementation as part of intra state scheme for RE projects coming up in 2 th plan 5) Transmission scheme for Morena solar park is under developer s scope. Hence no intra state strengthening is required further 6) In addition to above identified Interstate transmission scheme for all above Solar parks, there would be strengthening requirement at Intra state level at 220kV and below voltage level for power absorption which shall be identified by respective STUs in due course XIII

19 Summary of Cost Estimate Summary of estimated cost of all above Interstate & Intra state transmission schemes for proposed solar parks in various states is tabulated as under: S.No. Solar Park Solar Park (MW) A Southern Region Andhra Pradesh (Location: Anantpur & Kadapa) Estimated Cost Inter State (Rs Cr) Estimated Cost Intra State (Rs Cr) 2 Andhra Pradesh (Location: Kurnool) 3 Andhra Pradesh (Location: Kadapa) 4 Andhra Pradesh (Location: Anantpur) 5 Karnataka (Location : Tumkur) 6 Telangana (Location: Mehboob Nagar) Kerala (Location: Kasargode) Total capacity ( MW) Total (SR) B Western Region Gujarat (Location: Banaskantha) Madhya Pradesh (Location: Rewa) 3 Madhya Pradesh (Location: Agar, Rajgarh & Shajapur ) 4 Madhya Pradesh (Location: Chhatarpur ) 5 Maharashtra ( Location: Sakri, Distt. Dhule) 6 Maharashtra ( Location: Dondaicha, Distt. Dhule) 7 Maharashtra ( Location: XIV

20 S.No. Solar Park Solar Park (MW) Beed) Estimated Cost Inter State (Rs Cr) Estimated Cost Intra State (Rs Cr) 8 Chhattisgarh (Location : Rajnandgaon & Jangir Champa) Total (WR) C Northern Region Rajasthan (Location: Bhadla Ph-III, Bhadla) Rajasthan (Location: Bhadla Ph-IV, Bhadla) 3 Rajasthan (Location: Phalodi/Pokharan) 4 Rajasthan (Location: Fatehgarh, Distt. Jaisalmer) 5 Himachal Pradesh (Location : Lahul & Spiti) 6 Uttar Pradesh (Location : Jalaun, Allahabad, Mirzapur & Kanpur) 7 Haryana ( Location : Hisar, Bhiwani & Mahindergarh) 8 Jammu & Kashmir (Location : Samba) (Total capacity in ISTS 000MW) (Alternate-II) Total (NR) D Eastern Region West Bengal (Location : E.Mednipur, W.Mednipur & Bankura) 2 Orissa (Location : Balasore,Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul) Total (ER) 96 E North Eastern Region XV

21 S.No. Solar Park Solar Park (MW) Arunachal Pradesh (Location : Tezu) Estimated Cost Inter State (Rs Cr) Estimated Cost Intra State (Rs Cr) 2 Meghalaya (Location : Thamar & Suchen) 3 Nagaland (Location: Dimapur, Kohima & New Peren) Assam (Location : Amguri) Total Grand Total Provision of Intra State Transmission strengthening for absorption of power within states and large scale energy Storage as part of Control Infrastruture (Rs 2000Cr Cr), may also be kept. Variability & Uncertainty of Solar Generation Flexibility is the key requirement for planning and operation of the power system with a large share of variable RES connected and dealing with its associated challenges i.e. variability and uncertainty. It expresses the capability of the power system to maintain security of supply when rapid changes occur in generation or/and demand. Suitable market mechanism should be developed to encourage participation of flexible reserves to meet short term, medium term volatility as well as requirements. Keeping in view the long gestation period of Hydro generation, Pumped storage Hydro etc., it is suggested that existing hydro generation capacity especially Reservoir type as well as Pumped Storage Hydro must be solely allocated for balancing of variable Renewable Generation. XVI

22 Forecasting of Solar Generation Solar Generation forecasting & its real time monitoring are important tools to address variability & uncertainty aspect of its grid integration. State-of-the-art forecasting helps grid operator to manage power system balance for economic, reliable & secured operation of the grid even in high RE penetration regime. In this direction, Establishment of Renewable Energy Management Centers (REMC) for forecasting and real time RE monitoring is already conceptualised as part of earlier Green Energy Corridors scheme. It is proposed that the envisaged ultra-mega solar parks shall be integrated with these REMCs also for monitoring, scheduling & forecasting purpose. Implementation & Financing Strategy Gestation period of solar power project is short in comparison to development of its transmission facilities. Further, the capacity utilization factor for solar generation is low resulting into high transmission tariff. In view of the above, Transmission development for solar generation faces two critical issues i.e. matching implementation period (Generation vis-a-vis Transmission) as well as transmission tariff. Therefore, efforts should be made for faster implementation of the associated transmission works for Solar power parks, avoiding generation bottleneck. For this, land for pooling station for external transmission should be contiguous to the Solar Park and should be handed over by the JVC/implementing agency to the CTU/Tr.licensee at the earliest. In addition, JVC should immediately apply for Grant of Connectivity and Long Term Access (LTA) as per the CERC regulation to the CTU so that requisite approvals like Standing Committee/Regional Power Committee and CERC regulatory approvals may be obtained in time, which are prerequisites to start the implementation works. Further, as the generation projects are developed in phases, flexibility in upgradation of transmission corridor matching with its phase-wise development through integration of new technologies may be adopted to take care of uncertainty and optimize investment. This shall also XVII

23 facilitate smooth operation of system in terms of maintaining grid parameters, stability etc. In order to rationalize transmission tariff for solar generation, there is a need to develop transmission system through soft concessional loans, partial grants etc., to lessen burden on account of transmission investments/tariffs. For Intra State system strengthening, 40% grant through NCEF, 40% concessional loans from multilateral funding agencies may be provided. As per the MNRE scheme for ultra-mega solar parks, Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of 20 lakh/mw shall be provided by the SECI/MNRE for development of solar parks and for development of external transmission system will be apportioned in the ratio of 60:40 i.e. 2 lakh/mw or 30% of the project cost, whichever is lower may be provided to the solar power park developers (SPPDs) towards development of solar parks and Rs 8 lakh/mw or 30% of the project cost, whichever is lower will be provided to the CTU or STU towards development of external transmission system. Such scheme would rationalize transmission tariffs to some extent and be continued in future also. Further, funding of transmission schemes through soft concessional loans of multi-lateral or bilateral funding agencies may be arranged. However, at the same time, due to compressed time schedules for development of transmission schemes, expeditious clearance for approval of loans/procurement etc. from multilateral/bilateral funding agencies should be devised. Way Forward Various challenges for integratioon of ultra mega solar power parks into the grid are as under: a) Difference in Gestation period of Solar Generation and Transmission Gestation period of Solar Generation is very less vis-a-vis transmission development (24-36 months) for integration with the grid. As per the prevailing regulation in India, Inter State Transmission system for generation project is evolved based on Long Term Access/Connectivity application by the applicant However, keeping in view of short gestation period of RE, transmission XVIII

24 development need to be done much ahead of generation without considering LTA /Connectivity application. However, location of the generation project and its quantum needs to be firmed up in advance so that transmission system planning can lead the generation and its implementation may match with Solar Generation development. Load based transmission planning covering market scenario shall taken in consideration for system studies. An approach should also be developed to build the transmission for High potential RE zones in anticipation of subsequent RE development rather than waiting for RE project to first come up with their requirements i.e. Transmission to lead generation approach. In order to take up implementation of inter-state transmission system for solar parks, various approvals like Standing Committee, Regional Power Committee, CERC Regulatory approval etc. are required. However considering implementation of transmission scheme in a time bound manner, single window clearance process may be adopted. Therefore suitable policy framework and regulation to address above aspect needs to be in place for timely implementation of transmission system associated with solar parks. b) Establishment of Renewable Energy Management Centres Establishment of Renewable Energy Management centers equipped with centralized forecasting/scheduling system on Control area basis/zonal aggregation concept has been taken up on priority, which shall help in monitoring & forecasting of solar parks c) Grid Connectivity Standards CEA have formulated technical standards in its CEA (Technical Standards for connectivity to the Grid) Amendment regulations, 203 for connectivity of Wind generating Stations and generating stations using inverters. In the regulation it mandated that the wind connected at 66kV and above are required to comply with the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) or Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability XIX

25 Figure : Wind LVRT It is also required from the generating units that during the voltage dip, the generating station shall maximize supply of reactive current till the time voltage starts recovering or for 300 ms The compliance to these regulations can be ensured at CTU/STU and RE generator level only. CEA needs to formulate similar LVRT/FRT compliance and reactive power supply regulation for Grid Connected Solar Parks/Stations also. For older machines above regulation states meet the standards specified in (B) and (B2) subject to technical feasibility. The regulation mandates for power factor and operating frequency compliance only. However, LVRT/FRT compliance through retrofitting of machines wherever possible should be mandated. Introduction of suitable technical standards for grid connectivity especially for solar generation by CEA. d) Data sharing by RES Generators (Wind/Solar) In centralized forecasting systems, Renewable generation data availability is utmost important. Forecast service provider needs various set of data like Static data (location, hub height, technology, power rating, turbine curve/solar models etc.), Historical data (Historical generation time series data to train the models), real time SCADA data (farm/module/pooling station level) etc. to give superior forecast performance. However on account of non-disclosure constraints by developers/individual owners, data is not being shared on account of proprietary XX

26 information/ndas. In the event of limited data sets, forecast accuracy may not be achieved to the desired levels. Indian Electricity Grid code to incorporate mandatory data sharing by RES generators. e) Forecasting & Ancillary Service regulation The Detailed Procedure for Ancillary Services Operations for Inter state has been approved by CERC in March, 206. The Ancillary Services have been rolled out for implementation in April 206. Similar framework needs to be implemented in the states Introduction of regulation for Ancillary Service & RE scheduling in states f) Research in Forecasting Technologies In India, very limited work has been carried out in RE forecasting domain indigenously. Considering the rich experience of Indian meteorologists as well as IMD, this business domain must to be developed indigenously so that its fruits can be reaped out in long-medium term perspectives as well as cost rationalization. Forecasting rapid solar ramp rates is also garnering attention among electricity system operators and has not yet received significant attention from the research community, which can be another area of research in India. Indigenous development of RE Generation forecasts. Roles & Responsibilities of Statutory Bodies/Authorities towards implementation of measures In order to facilitate implementation of various proposed measures with, following actions may be taken up respectively by the Regulator, Statutory Authorities/MNRE, and CTU/STU etc. S Activities no. Policy & Regulation for development of transmission system for Single window clearance/ RE zones etc. Role/Responsibility MOP/MNRE/State Govt/CERC XXI

27 S Activities no. 2 Transmission Infrastructure development for RE (ISTS/Intra State) Planning Implementation 3 Technical Standards for Grid Connectivity of Large scale Solar generation 4 Institutional arrangement for sharing of data by RES developers/ipp/owners 5 Forecasting & ancillary services regulation 6 Regulation for Flexible Generation, Ancillary Services and Generation Reserves Market design Allocation of all Hydro & PSP as reserve for handling Renewable volatility Role/Responsibility CEA/POWERGRID/STU CEA MOP/MNRE CERC/SERC MOP/CERC/SERC 7 Research in Forecasting technologies IMD/FSPs 8 Capacity Building MOP/MNRE XXII

28 BACKGROUND CHAPTER

29 Chapter- Background. Introduction Government of India (GoI) is giving huge impetus on the energy sustainability as well as energy access through clean, cheap and reliable sources. The country is bestowed with abundant renewable energy potential which can be harnessed to meet such targets. In this direction, Government of India has an ambitious plan to develop,00,000 MW Solar and 60,000 MW Wind generation capacity by Solar capacity targets of,00,000 MW includes setting up of 34 solar parks in 2 States, mostly with a capacity of 500 to 000 MW (as ultra-mega solar power projects) thereby targeting around 20,000 MW solar generation installed capacity. Balance Solar capacity comprises 40,000 MW Roof top Solar PV and 40,000 MW through distributed solar generation. To evolve plan for Grid integration of large scale solar/wind generation capacities, POWERGRID has been entrusted by Ministry of Power (MOP) to formulate Grid Integration Plan for envisaged renewable capacity addition by 2022 as Green Energy Corridors-II. The scope of Green Energy Corridors-II includes identification of transmission scheme, its implementation, financing strategy etc. (copy of the letter from MOP is enclosed at Annexure-.). Since pocket/district wise annual capacity addition plans of wind generation was awaited from various states, it was decided that power evacuation arrangement for the identified Thirty Four (34) Solar Power Parks of about 20,000 MW capacities in Twenty one (2) states envisaged through Intra state & Inter state evacuation may be evolved as Green Energy Corridors-II (Part-A). Inter State : Thirteen (3) solar parks of about 9220 MW solar park capacity envisaged in seven states viz. Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh (4), Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Rajasthan(4), Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh Intra State : Twenty one (2) solar parks of about 0,780 MW capacity As per the information provided by MNRE/MOP, details of solar power parks have been consolidated, a list of which is placed as under (Table-.).

30 Table-.: List of proposed ultra-mega solar parks S. No. State Location Capacity (MW) Inter State Andhra Pradesh (one solar park) 2 Gujarat (one solar park) 3 Karnataka (one solar park) 4 Madhya Pradesh (Four solar parks) 5 Rajasthan (Four solar parks) 6 Himachal Pradesh (one solar park) 7 Arunachal Pradesh (one solar park) Intra State Andhra Pradesh (Three solar parks) 2 Assam (one solar park) NP Kunta, Distt. Anantpur & Cuddapah 500 Radnesada village, Taluk-Vav, Distt. Banaskantha 700 Pavagada,Distt. Tumkur 2000 Distt. Rewa 750 Distt. Agar (250MW)& and 500 Shajapur(250MW) Distt. Chhattarpur 500 Distt. Morena (250MW) and Rajgarh (250MW) Bhadla Ph-III (M/s Saurya : 000MW) Bhadla, Distt. Jodhpur Bhadla Ph-IV (M/s Adani : 500MW) Bhadla, Distt. Jodhpur M/s Essel Saurya Phalodi & Pokaran, Distt. Jodhpur/Jaisalmer M/s Adani : 500MW Fatehgarh & Pokaran, Distt. Jaisalmer 250 (Rajgarh) (250MW of Morena park under intra state) 500 (balance 500MW in intra state) 250 (balance 250MW in intra state) * (total capacity in ISTS : 000MW) Spiti Valley, Distt. Lahul & Spiti 000 Tezu, Distt. Lohit 00 Total Capacity in inter state (MW) 922 Gani and Sakunala village 000 Distt. Kurnool Galiveedu Mandal, Distt. Kadapa 000 Tadipathri Mandal, Distt. Anantpur 500 Amguri, Distt. Sibsagar 69 2

31 S. No. State Location Capacity (MW) 3 Chhattisgarh (one solar park) 4 Haryana (one solar park) 5 Jammu & Kashmir(one park of 00MW capacity) 6 Kerala (one park of 200MW capacity) 7 Madhya Pradesh (one solar park) 8 Maharashtra (three solar parks 500MW capacity) 9 Meghalaya (one park of 20MW capacity) 0 Nagaland (one park of 60MW capacity) Orissa(one park of 000MW capacity) 2 Rajasthan (one solar park) 3 Tamil Nadu (one solar park) 4 Telangana (one solar park) 5 Uttar Pradesh (one solar park) 6 Uttarakhand(one solar park) 7 West Bengal (one solar park) Distt. Rajnandgao & Janjgir Champa 500 Bagun in Distt. Hisar, Beralu & Singhani in Distt. Bhiwani and Daukhera in Distt. Mahindergarh Mohagarh & Badla Brahmana Distt. Samba Paivalike, Meenja, Kinanoor, Kraindalam & Ambalathara village Distt. Kasargode Distt. Neemuch (500MW)& Mandsaur (250MW) ** Sakri, Distt. Dhule 500 Dondaicha, Distt. Dhule 500 Patoda, Distt. Beed 500 Distt. West Jaintia Hills & East Jaintia hills 20 Distt. Dimapur, Kohima & New Peren 60 Distt. Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi and Angul Bhadla Ph-II Bhadla, Distt. Jodhpur To be decided 500 Gattu, Distt. Mehboob Nagar 500 Distt. Jalaun, Allahabad, Mirzapur & Kanpur 600 Industrial area sitaganj (Ph-I & II) & Kashipur East Mednipur, west Mednipur, Bankura 500 Total Capacity in intra state (MW)

32 * Fatehgarh solar park : 42 MW capacity out of 500MW capacity (inter : 000MW) is part of MNRE 20GW target for which GoI support is envisaged ** Neemuch solar park : 250 MW capacity out of 500MW is part of MNRE 20GW target Present report i.e. Green Energy Corridor-II covers the plan for Grid integration of ultra-mega solar power parks at Inter-state level and intra state level.2 Development of Ultra Mega Solar Power Parks MNRE has issued guidelines for implementation of scheme for development of solar parks and Ultra mega solar power projects in the country up to The solar park is a concentrated zone of development of solar power generation projects and provides developers an area that is well characterized, with proper infrastructure and access to amenities and where the risk of the projects can be minimised. SolarPark will also facilitate developers by reducing the number of required approvals. A solar power developer can get fully developed land along with external evacuation/transmission and other facilities and can, therefore, set up a power project immediately. The solar park will provide a huge impetus to solar energy generation by acting as a flagship demonstration facility to encourage project developers and investors, prompting additional projects of similar nature, triggering economies of scale, technical improvements and achieving large scale reductions in GHG emissions..3 Transmission Connectivity of Solar Power Parks For a typical Solar park, the major costs will be towards Transmission and in most likelihood this would be about 70% of the total cost of solar park development. Of these transmission cost there are two components as under: External Transmission: It includes setting up of 220/400kV pooling stations contiguous to the solar park, 220kV interconnections within the park as well as off -take transmission arrangements at 220kV or 400kV level for grid integration. Development of external transmission facility is generally taken care by the STU/CTU. Internal Transmission: This includes right from interconnection of Solar PV module through Inverter and interconnections at kv or 33kV level, then stepping up to 33kV or 66kV level and interconnecting to the pooling station of 4

33 external transmission facility.development of such Internaltransmission facility is generally in the scope of developers/epc contractors including communication, SCADA and Control infrastructure within the park. Typically Solar Power Park encompasses multiple generation developers, who provide their infrastructure including electrical, communication & control system, forecasting etc. individually but not in a comprehensive manner taking into account overall requirement. Such individual system not only lacks infrastructure &resource including inventory optimization but also impacts the degree of redundancy. This leaves a great scope in optimization of Internal Transmission infrastructure, communication & control system and other facilities for sustenance of business models..4 Objective of the Study In order to facilitate integration of such large scale solar generation, adequate grid infrastructure including transmission must be in place. This shall not only integrate renewables with grid ensuring grid security & reliability, but also facilitate transfer of RE power to the load centers. Further, control infrastructure requirement like Renewable Energy Management Center (REMC), Forecasting, flexibility in Generation/Load etc. to address renewable volatility is also necessitated. Establishment of new transmission system/strengthening of infrastructure to meet the needs of large scale renewable energy development are thus extremely necessary. Considering above, broad objectives of the comprehensive report include: ) Identification of transmission infrastructure (external transmission) for likely capacity addition through solar power parks at inter state & intra state level 2) Estimation of capital expenditure for development of transmission infrastructure 3) Implementation and Financing Strategy.5 Organisation of the report The report is organized in Ten (0) different chapters. Key findings and results of the study as well as summary of the report is articulated in Executive Summary of the report. Chapter- covers the background and guidelines for development of ultra-mega solar park and objectives of the study. An overview of the Power scenario in Indian with solar generation potential & Characteristics and benefits & 5

34 challenges of Solar Integration with the grid are described in Chapter-2. Chapter-3 is about Global development on solar PV capacity, international experience and forecasting models. International standards used globally and in India for grid connectivity of solar generation is highlighted in Chapter-4. Chapter-5 describes study methodology for planning and integration of solar generation. Chapter-6 includes System study carried out for evolve transmission system for evacuation of power from various solar parks in all regions. In Chapter- 7, estimated cost of transmission scheme for the solar power parks is provided with a brief summary. Chapter 8deals with the strategy framework for transmission development.chapter-9is about way forward which brings out recommendations for smooth embedding of large scale solar generation in power system. 6

35 CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF POWER SCENARIO

36 2. Indian Power Scenario Present & Future Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Chapter-2 Overview of Power Scenario Presently, installed generation capacity in the country is about 308 GW (Sep 6) which constitutes capacity from conventional sources (85.%) viz. Coal (87.2GW), Gas(25GW), Nuclear (5.8GW) and large hydro (43.GW). Balance 45.9GW (4.9%) contribution is from renewable generation capacity which has 6% contribution from Wind generation alone. Coal dominates as fuel resource (6%) in overall energy (electricity) resource portfolio. Present generation capacity along with their resource composition is shown at Fig 2. Fig. 2. : Share of different types of generation capacity (Source- CEA monthly review of power sector, Sep 6) Overall peak demand of the country is encountered as 53 GW in year with only about 3-4% power and energy deficit. In view of the growing challenges arising on coal availability, as well as environmental concern, impetus is given to harness abundant renewable potential in the country. In these conditions, harnessing of renewable potential in effective manner is becoming need of the hour, which can provide sustainable power supply as well as mitigate the negative environmental impact due to fossil fuel use. 7

37 India has been continuously progressing in conventional as well as renewable capacity addition. Since 9 th Plan, share of renewable capacity has increased from 2% to 5% as on today (more than 7 fold % increase). Electricity generation due to renewable has also increased to about 6-7% in overall electricity generation mix as on today. With such multifold growth, penetration of renewable power in Indian grid has increased. According to the report on 8 th Electric Power Survey by Central Electricity Authority (Dec ), Electricity demand in the country is expected to CAGR up to 3 th plan (202-22) and would be 200 GW & 283 GW by the end of & respectively. However, as per information available above estimates are being revised lower in forthcoming 9 th EPS. In order to meet increasing requirement of electricity, massive generation capacity addition in the country is required also emphasizing energy security and sustainability aspects. It is envisaged that about 88 GW conventional and 33 GW renewable capacity shall be added in 2 th plan period as well as availability of 75GW renewable capacity by 3 th plan period to meet the expected demand. Out of 75 GW, about 00 GW capacity is envisaged from Solar Generation. Grid integration of such a large capacity is a challenge for the planners and grid operators. Subsequent section deals with Country s immense solar generation potential, seasonal characteristics of solar generation as well as its benefits/challenges. 2.2 Solar Generation Potential India possesses a very large solar energy potential which is seen as the huge energy resource for the future. India is endowed with abundant solar energy due to its convenient location near the equator. India has around 300 sunny days in a year along with solar insolation of kwh per Sq. m per day in most part of the areas. If this energy is harnessed effectively, it can help in reducing country s energy deficit scenario and even meet entire electricity demand of the country, that too with no direct carbon emission. U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in cooperation with India's MNRE has developed India Solar Resource Maps. India Solar resource map with Annual Average Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) &Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is presented in Figure 2.2 & 2.3 below: 8

38 Fig 2.2: Annual Average GHI (India Resource Map) Source (NREL) Fig 2.3: Annual Average DNI (India Resource Map) Source (NREL) 2.3 Solar Generation characteristics A typical solar generation pattern of all the three seasons i.e. winter, summer & Monsoon is shown below in Figure 2.4 Fig 2.4: Typical Solar seasonal & diurnal pattern(source-lbnl) From the figure above, it can be observed that solar generation follows relatively a certain pattern which gradually increases from early morning with high generation during day time (AM-2PM) and then decrease gradually till evening and no generation during night time. The average solar generation during winter & Monsoon season is comparably lower than summer season. However, in the condition of cloud cover or rain, generation from solar plants also become 9

39 intermittent and variable. A plot of field data from Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat under cloud cover is shown in Fig-2.5 as under: Fig 2.5: Typical Solar pattern during cloud cover or rainy day (Source SLDC Gujarat) 2.4 Solar Integration Benefits & Challenges Apart from immense environmental benefits of Solar Generation, there are various other benefits as well that it offers. However, at the same time it has associated challenges for its integration with the grid. With the benefits and challenges in mind, utilities need to incorporate solar generation into their long-term planning processes and address the challenges for its grid integration through suitable measures. Benefits Fuel Diversification and Energy Sustainability Cost Stability due to no fuel cost : Long term price economy Geographic dispersion benefits and its modularity Partial Correlation with meeting peak demand (in some of the states & seasonal scenarios) Challenges Variable and Uncertain Output especially during cloud cover/rain/storm Characteristics like Ramping up during Morning-afternoon period and Ramping Down during afternoon-evening necessitating adequate flexible reserves Partial unpredictability Non participation of Solar generation for Grid support like frequency support, reactive power support as well as inertia to the System 0

40 Fault Ride through aspect Dispatchability as it doesn t come under the merit order scheduling. Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A

41 CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL DEVELOPMENTS ON PV & FORECASTING

42 Chapter-3 Global Developments on PV & Forecasting 3. World Solar PV Capacity Globally, Solar PV capacity has seen exponential growth in past one decade rising from the levels of 3.7 GW to 39 GW (203) (refer Fig-3.). This amount of PV capacity is capable of producing at least 60 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity every year. Fig 3.: Global PV Solar capacity growth (Source- EPIA 204) Fig 3.2: Country wise capacity breakup for Global Solar PV capacity (Source- EPIA 204) Europe remains the world s leading region in terms of cumulative installed capacity, with 8.5 GW (203) (refer Fig-3.3). This represents about 59% of the world s cumulative PV capacity, however, moderated from earlier levels of 75% in 20. This was mainly on account of Asia Pacific countries (including China) which scaled up their PV capacity very fast, with 40.6 GW (with share of 29%), out of which 8.6 GW capacity (about 50%) contribution is by China alone. Regional/Country wise capacity break up for Global Solar PV capacity (203) (Fig-3.4) is shown as under: 2

43 Fig 3.3: Solar PV capacity breakup (Source- EPIA 204) Detailed break up of country wise installation in EU regions (Fig-3.4) is as under: Capacity in MW Fig 3.4: country wise Solar PV installation in EU (Source- EPIA 204) Until last few years, proportion of large scale PV installation in total PV capacity were significantly low and market was dominated up to 0 & 00kW installation at LV/MV level (Fig-3.5). In European region also, Germany remains the top PV market (35.5 GW) but majority (85%) of PV is also installed at LV/MV (distributed) level. 3

44 Fig 3.5: Capacity wise annual percent PV solar Installation Germany, with largest PV installations in world has been studied in view of its long term successful experience in solar grid integration. A brief on same is as under: 3.2 Germany Experience Solar power in Germany consists mostly of photovoltaic (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net-electricity generation in 204. The country has been the world's top PV installer for several years and still leads in terms of the overall installed capacity, that amounts to 35.5 GW in 203 and about 38.2 GW in 204. However, 85 percent of the solar is connected to LV/MV level and the rest 5 percent is connected to HV grid. About.4 million photovoltaic systems are installed all over the country, ranging from small roof-top systems, to medium commercial and large utility-scale solar parks, that altogether contributed 35.2 terawatt-hours, or about 6.9 percent in

45 Fig 3.6: Largest Solar parks in Germany The nation's largest solar PV power plant includes solar park Meuro (66 MW), Neuhardenberg Solar (45 MW), Templin Solar Park (28 MW), Brandenburg-Briest Solar park (9 MW) etc. (Fig-3.6) Most of the largest parks are installed in the eastern or northern region of the country, where 50 Hertz Transmission GmbH (50 Hertz) is the transmission grid operator in that region (Fig-3.7). As one of four TSO s in Germany, 50 Hz operates in the northern and eastern parts of the country. It operates the 220kV and 380kV networks and has about 9,750 km of power lines covering about 30% of Germany by area. Fig 3.7: Four main transmission system operators in Germany (Source - ENTSO-E Wikipedia) The balancing zone of 50 Hertz includes Renewables with an installed capacity of more than 22,000 MW amongst which about 7,500 MW is Solar. This also involves balancing the fluctuations in power feed-in during day and night. In the year 203 maximum photovoltaics in feed into the 50 Hertz system was about 5346 MW which is about 72% of the installed capacity. Largest quarter-hourly jump 5

46 in PV is around +594 MW / -752 MW. This variation is significant and can cause severe issues in the grid. This makes the need of good solar power forecasting. PV production already exceeded 30% of overall power production during clear summer days on a regular basis (EPIA 202). The two main challenges to high penetration rates of PV systems are variability and uncertainty, i.e. the fact that PV output exhibits variability at all-timescales (from seconds to years) and the fact that this variability itself is difficult to predict. Germany had not installed adequate storage to accommodate high percentages of wind and solar power which started causing frequent 50.2 frequency problem in the grid. The 50.2 Hz problem arose after the accelerated rollout of PV installations across the country, indicating an excess of electricity on the grid. The frequency is unlikely to reach 50.2 Hz during normal operation, but possible, if Germany is export power to countries that suddenly experience a power failure. This leads to a surplus of generation in Germany, which causes system frequency to rise. Much of the existing PV generating capacity in the country was originally designed to cut off if the grid frequency rose to 50.2 Hz, which could happen as a result of a power surplus in the system. With Germany s large quantity of PV power, a simultaneous cutoff of all of the country s PV systems could have caused serious grid disruption. The resulting sudden power variation may be significantly higher than the primary control power defined Europe-wide, so that power frequency control can no longer stabilize the mains frequency. In addition, a more or less simultaneous reconnection of the decentralized generators in the course of a frequency recovery may lead to the frequency of 50.2 Hz being exceeded once more, thus causing the generators connected to the low voltage distribution network to shut down again ("yo-yo effect"). The government therefore introduced a measure in 202 mandating new frequency settings for new and existing PV installations, requiring hundreds of thousands of installations (Approximately 9 GW) to be retrofitted. Originally, some 90,000 installations above 30 kw were upgraded. About half of all solar installations affected by the 50.2 Hz issue have now been upgraded. The retrofit of the larger solar power systems ensures the stability of the networks and that the high supply quality in Germany is preserved today and in the future. Smaller PV systems with a capacity of 0 kw or less are exempted from the measure. 6

47 3.3 China Experience Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A China is the world s top energy consumer with coal dominated generation capacities. However in last few years, Government has given lot of emphasis on clean energy development, as a result of which China installed 2 GW of new photovoltaic (PV) generation capacity in 203, a massive 232 percent increase over the previous year. That brings China s total solar power supply up to 23 GW (204), second only to Germany s 38 GW (204) in global ranking. The main reason for China government s initiative towards solar is environmental issues. Choking clouds of pollution from vehicles and fossil-fueled power plants are the norm for residents of many Chinese cities, and the situation is only getting worse. The country is also the world s fastest-growing solar PV market, with cumulative capacity to continuously ascend over the next few years. The majority of the new installations will be in gridconnected solar PV projects, such as BIPV and LSPV, to shift the market away from rural electrification. The nation's largest PV power plants include Longyangxia Dam Solar Park (320 MW), Huanghe Hydropower Solar Park (200 MW), Gonghe Industrial Solar Park (200 MW), Gansu Jiayuguan Solar Park (00 MW), Ningxia Qingyang Solar Park (00 MW), Xitieshan Solar Park (00 MW), Datong Solar Park (80 MW) etc. As China ramped up its PV cell production to meet solar targets, global prices fell, leading to a shakeout of uncompetitive solar panel manufacturers. Clean Technical reports that over the past three years, PV system costs have fallen by over 50 percent, while the number of suppliers has declined from 250 in 200 to50 in 203. New public buildings, along with public infrastructure such as railway stations and airport terminals, will be eligible for subsidies under the country s recent goal of installing eight GW of distributed solar, which refers to electricity produced near to where it s used. The subsidies are expected to spur orders for solar equipment. The Chinese government is encouraging financial institutions to offer discounts on loans and is encouraging the formation of PV industry investment funds among insurance companies and trusts, as per Bloomberg report. 7

48 3.4 Solar Park around the Globe In last five years, many grid scale PV installations have come up, a list of top 0 such installations (Table-3.) along with a brief on few of the mega solar parks is as under: Table 3.: List of top ten large Scale Solar PV installations Location Capacity Description Commissioned Year China, 850 MW Longyangxia Hydro-solar Longyangxia Dam, PV Station Qinghai Province USA, Rosamond USA, Riverside County, CA USA, San Luis Obispo County, CA USA, Boulder City, Nevada 579 MW Solar Star MW Desert Sunlight Solar Farm MW Topaz Solar Farm MW Copper Mountain Solar Facility India, Kamuthi India, Charanka France Cestas USA, Yuma County, AZ USA, Lancaster, California 360 MW Kamuthi solar project MW Charanka Park, Patan district PV power plant MW Cestas Solar Farm MW Agua Caliente Solar Project MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch USA, Calexico, California USA, San Luis Obispo, CA MW Mount Signal Solar 250 MW California Valley Solar Ranch Source-PVresources.com 3.4. Topaz (550 MW) and Desert Sunlight Solar Farm (550 MW) - USA M/s First Solar has implemented two largest solar projects in California, USA i.e. Topaz and Desert Sunlight with 550MW capacity each. The aim of the project is to 8

49 help California attain the desired targets of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and Renewable Portfolio Standard goals. Topaz Solar Park is developed in San Luis Obispo Country owned by MidAmerican Energy Holdings. It is integrated with The Midway to Morro Bay transmission line, which is owned by Pacific Gas and Electric Company, California. Desert Sunlight Solar Farm in Chuckwalla Valley, is being owned by NextEra Energy Resources and GE Financial Services. The projects is synchronized to the California ISO grid, moving California another step closer to achieving its mandate to generate 33 percent of its power from renewable sources by To integrate largest solar PV power plant seamlessly with the electrical grid and contribute in the grid stability, First Solar started a centralized monitoring and control center where power plants can be monitored, operated and connected to utility and customer networks. The Operations Center combines First Solar's power prediction and analytical capabilities with its advanced diagnostics and plant controls in order to maximize power output. Fig 3.8: Prototype of centralized monitoring and control center Forecasting and energy scheduling are carried out First Solar to ensure bulk power system reliability and dependable operations. By utilizing satellite imagery and proprietary software, solar generation is done which is integrated into daily demand schedules and used for real-time energy trading. 9

50 Fig 3.9: A sample of forecasting dashboard 3.5 Solar Generation Forecasting Renewable Generation forecasting is an important tool to address variability aspect of the grid integration of renewable. State-of-the-art forecasting helps grid operator to better manage power system balance for economic, reliable & secured operation of the grid. Forecasting solar energy generation is a challenging task due to the variety of solar power systems and weather regimes encountered. Solar Forecasting is rapidly evolving due to tremendous research work going on in this field. In order to generate Solar and PV forecasts, diverse resources are used ranging from measured weather and PV system data to satellite and sky imagery observations of clouds, to numerical weather prediction (NWP) models which form the basis of modern weather forecasting. The usefulness of these resources varies depending on the forecast horizon considered: very short-term forecasts (0 to 6 hours ahead) perform best when they make use of measured data, while numerical weather prediction models become essential for forecast horizons beyond approximately six hours. The best approaches make use of both data and NWP models. 3.6 Weather Forecast Models In order to make energy supply planning rational, forecasts of RES production have to be made based on the consideration of weather conditions. As for solar energy production, the most influencing factor for output determination is the quality of the solar irradiation forecast. Consequently, the use of precise weather forecast models 20

51 is essential before reliable energy output models can be generated. Various weather forecasts are depicted as under (Fig-3.0): Fig 3.0: Various forecasting methods (Source-Bibliography reference ) 3.6. Numerical Weather Prediction Complex global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are a modern and common method to predict a number of variables describing the physics and dynamic of the atmosphere, which are then being used to derive the relevant weather incenses at a specific point of interest. These are e.g. the European Center for Medium-Range Weather-Forecasts Model (ECMWF), the Global Forecast System (GFS) from National Centers for Environmental Prediction or the North American Mesoscale Model (NAM). As they have a coarse spatial and temporal resolution, several post-processing and correction techniques are applied in order to obtain down-scaled models of finer granularity Cloud Imagery The influence of local cloudiness is considered to be the most critical factor for the estimation of solar irradiation, especially on days with partial cloudiness where abrupt changes may occur. The use of satellite data can provide high quality shortterm forecasts, as geostationary satellites like METEOSAT provide half-hourly spectrum images with a resolution from to 3 square kilometers. Clouds are detected by processing these images into cloud-index images Statistical Models Furthermore, there are several studies treating the forecasting of solar radiation based on historical observation data using common time series regression models 2

52 like ARIMA, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) or Fuzzy-Logic models (FL) or even their hybrid models. 3.7 Energy Forecast Models Any output from the weather models described above must then be converted into electric energy output. According to the underlying methodology, the existing solutions can be classified into the categories of physical, statistical and hybrid methods as under: 3.7. Physical Models All forecasting approaches mainly relying on a renewable power plant's technical description (location, ratings etc.) concerning its ability to convert the introduced meteorological resources into electrical power are summarized by the term physical model. Physical methods start with a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, which provides the expected wind speed/direction & solar insolation at a future point in time. Taking into account external influences derived from NWP, atmospheric conditions and local topography, once they are fitted they are accurate and do not require historical output curves. Especially the later makes them suitable for estimating the future output of planned or recently installed RES units. Applications of physical models are more frequently found for wind power prediction, but are also used for solar energy forecasts. Fig 3.: Sketch of a typical physical approach for generating PV power forecast from weather forecasts and PV system data (Source-IEA) 22

53 3.7.2 Statistical Models Statistical methods first establishes the relationship between the historical NWP data and the historical power output data of wind farms via one or more learning algorithms, and then predict the wind farm power output based on this relationship. It uses different approach like Naive Prediction, Similar-Days Model, Stochastic Time Series, Machine Learning etc. Most adequate forecasting technique depends on the forecast horizon required: Numerical Weather Prediction models (NWP) perform best for horizons of or 2 days ahead, whereas statistical models based on local ground measurements, possibly combined with satellite or sky imager data of cloud movements, are more adequate for short horizons of less than 6 hours. However there are advantages and disadvantages of each of above models; which are detailed as under in Table 3.2. Table 3.2: Advantages and Disadvantages of physical and statistical methods Hybrid Models Any combination of two or more of the above described methods is known as a hybrid model. The use of such hybrid approaches has become more popular as it offers the possibility to take advantage of the strongest points of different standalone forecasting techniques. The basic idea of combining models is to use each methods' unique features to capture different patterns in the data. 23

54 3.7.4 Factors that influence forecast accuracy The solar and hence the PV production forecasting accuracy are mainly influenced by the variability of the meteorological and climatological conditions. To some extent, accuracy is affected by uncertainties related to the different modeling steps that are needed to make energy forecasts out of irradiation forecasts. The maximum achievable accuracy is determined mainly by the following factors Local climate and weather conditions Single site or regional forecast Forecast horizon- short-term forecast accuracies are always better than medium/long-term horizons Accuracy metric used; Mean arithmetic error, Root mean square error, Mean bias error, Standard deviation error etc. 3.8 Solar Forecasting by system operators Presently various system operators like California ISO (US), REE (Spain-TSO), 50Hz (German-TSO) etc., already use solar forecasts for different time horizons (week ahead, day ahead, intraday etc.). In Solar forecasting major challenge is during passing clouds due to which sudden variation in generation is experienced. Snapshots of typical solar forecast are depicted as under (Fig-3.2) : Fig 3.2: Actual Vs forecast variation for a week 24

55 Fig 3.3: Actual Vs forecast variation during a day 25

56 CHAP PTER 4 IN NTER RNA ATIO ONA AL ST TANDAR RDS S

57 Chapter-4 International Standards 4. Technical Standards for Grid Connectivity for Solar Generation In power system, demand and generation balance is a key to the secured and reliable grid operation. Any mismatch results in frequency deviation from the target values. Likewise, reactive power imbalances can result in voltage excursions. As Demand (Active & passive both) continuously changes in real time, generation has to follow (load following) to keep system frequency within target bands and thus power system operation is ensured secure. Reactive power management is also important to maintain grid voltages within safe limits and therefore reliable grid operation. Generally, Conventional plants, termed as dispatchable units in form of reserves supply such imbalances in the system to keep frequency and voltage under set targets. Demand Side Management (DSM) can also contribute in arresting such imbalances. Renewables are known to be variable generators (VG) due to inherent variable nature of their resources (i.e. Wind speed/solar insolation). Therefore, VG by nature are not dispatchable since they cannot always produce on demand. In past, technological limitation with little penetration did not expect them to participate in Grid support or leave much impact of their fault ride through non-compliance. However, in the increasing Renewable penetration scenarios, VGs including Solar generators are expected not only provide the Grid support but also overcome their limitations like compliances of Fault Ride through which otherwise may leave an adverse impact. Due to recent technological advancement at advanced Inverter system, PV can already provide significant grid support capabilities, including active power reduction, Fault Ride-Through (FRT), and voltage support; however these capabilities are currently vastly underrated. Although the term advanced inverters seems to imply a special type of inverter, some of the inverters currently deployed with PV systems can already provide advanced functionality, needing only software upgrades or adjustments to operation parameters. 26

58 Considering technological advancements in Inverter space and increasing solar penetration, Grid codes too have started necessitating Grid support & resilience capabilities from theses solar generators similar to of a conventional power plant. In past, Fault Ride through has been a major issue with Wind Turbine (Type-/2 machines) as well as Solar PV generators. A demonstration of wind generation output with and without LVRT support is demonstrated as under: Fig 4.: Wind generation output with and without LVRT support Typically Solar PV generators block diagram having DC-DC converter, DC link capacitor and DC-AC converter is as shown under: Fig 4.2: Solar PV generator block diagram Fault ride through on Low/High Voltage ride through compliances by inverters demonstrates its capability to provide uninterrupted service in the face of grid disturbances. There are three main reasons for inverter disconnection during above contingencies i.e. (i) (ii) (iii) Excessive dc link voltage, Excessive ac currents and Loss of grid-voltage synchronization. 27

59 Grid-connected inverters have a maximum ac current value specified on account of its solid state device (IGBT/GTO) current ratings; if the currents exceed this limitation the inverter is disconnected from the grid. Under a grid voltage sag condition, current starts to increase due to the voltage drop at the grid side. Consequently, the grid currents increase, which leads to actuate over-current protection and force the inverter to be disconnected from the grid. If the generated power in the dc-side of the Grid connected PV plant is more than the injected power into the electrical grid, the dc-link capacitor voltage starts to increase. It should be mentioned that the inverter have to be able to withstand such an increase on the dc-link voltage. Therefore, the plant is needed to be protected during the fault conditions because there is no reduction in the generated power. Typically grid synchronization is achieved by implementation of conventional PLL algorithm. But the conventional PLL configuration does not perform well under asymmetrical faults and consequently leads to inverter being disconnected from the grid. Broadly following four grid operational requirement have emerged from Solid state/pv generators considering their increased penetration and therefore treatment at par with the conventional generation. No disconnection from the grid for low/ high voltage and frequency ride-through events Fig 4.3: LVRT/HVRT compliance requirement Voltage/PF control: o Steady State VAR support - Regulate VARs, reduces voltage variations at point of interconnection (POI) 28

60 o Dynamic VAR Support - VAR injection assisting post-fault voltage recovery Power curtailment: Regulates active power at the POI during frequency disturbances and upon SCADA commands Over frequency droop: Reduces active power in response to frequency increase Ramp rate control: Controls MW/sec of generation change Considering targets of 00 GW Solar generation capacity installations in India by , resulting solar grid penetration shall have greater impact on the grid. The Grid code is a technical document containing the rules that govern the operation, maintenance & development of the system at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC).Therefore, it is prudent to analyze available grid codes applicable to solar generation with reference to the Global standards. However, as most of the global solar generation capacity is connected at MV/LV (distribution) level as compared to the EHV level, very few global standards were found available taking care of PV Grid connectivity requirements at EHV from such inverters based solar generation. Spain and Germany have extensive Grid codes in the domain of Renewable including Solar PV which have been analyzed as under 4.2 Spanish Standards In October 2008 a second draft of operating Grid Code was written which contains information on wind and photovoltaic installations or any generating plant which does not have any synchronous generator directly connected to the grid. The requirements will be in effect to the facilities with deployment dates later than January st 20. The Spanish grid code states the requirements of the response in case of voltage disturbances. 29

61 Fig 4.4. Example of power factor characteristic.[7] The generation facility and its components must be able to withstand, without disconnection any voltage disturbance at the grid connection point with the magnitude and duration profile. Fig 4.5. Time-voltage curve showing the voltage disturbance area at the grid connection point that must be withstood by a PV installation of more than 0 MW [7] The low voltage ride-through requirement states that the PV power plant must withstand 0% remaining voltage dips of up to 50 ms without disconnecting. The Spanish Grid Code states that the PV power plant must consume no reactive power at the grid connection point during the fault and requires a voltage recovery after the fault. The facility must not produce active power during the fault. Finally during the transient the facility must be able to inject at least the nominal apparent current into the grid. The plant should also include the required equipment to perform powerfrequency control to a proportional controller with adjustable dead-band. 4.3 German Standards Currently, there are three directives in Germany that establish requirements for PV plants in terms of grid integration: 4.3. The BDEW medium voltage directive The BDEW medium voltage directive has been in place since January, 2009, and is for all power generation plants that feed in on the medium-voltage level (with the exception of plants with a capacity of less than 00 kw nominal power, They are governed by the VDE code of practice). 30

62 4.3.2 The VDE code of practice The VDE 405 code of practice has been in place since August, 20, and binding since January, 202, and affects all PV plants that feed in to the lowvoltage grid, which means the vast majority of them The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), 202 The Renewable Energy Sources Act has laid down the requirements in terms of grid integration since The version passed on January, 202, greatly expands on these requirements once again. Fig 4.6: Chronological sequence of the requirement for the BDEW medium voltage directive [7] In the steady-state condition which states that during a fault, the PV Generators should provide grid support by injecting reactive power. PV plants must be technically capable to make a limited contribution to the dynamic network support, which is called limited contribution. The generating plant will not be disconnected from the grid during a fault and after the fault the PV generating plant should no extract more inductive reactive power than prior the fault. PV plants should provide full dynamic network support, which means that: the generating plant must remain connected when a fault occurs. The German Code can be divided into four important requirements:. Steady-state voltage control: The PV generators will participate in the steady state voltage control where slow voltage changes are kept within acceptable limits. 2. Dynamic network support: The voltage control is related to the event of voltage dips. The aim of this control is to avoid disconnection of the large solar PV farms 3

63 because they will feed a large amount of power into the grid and the immediate disconnection of these big plants can end in a collapse of the grid. The generating power plants must remain connected during the fault, must support the network voltage during a fault by feeding reactive current and avoid extracting more inductive current than prior the fault. These conditions apply to all generating plants and therefore also to the PV solar farms. Solar PV farms are considered as type 2-generating plants, i.e. no synchronous generator is connected. Type 2-generating plants must fulfill the following regulations: Generating units must not disconnect from the network in the event of voltage drops to 0% U c of duration < 50 ms and there are no requirements which oblige the machines being connected to the network when the voltage drops to 30% of the nominal voltage. Fig 4.7: Borderlines of the voltage profile of a type-2 generating plants at the network connection point. 3. Active Power Output: The network operator is entitled to require a temporary limitation of the power which is fed in or to disconnect the generation plants due to potential danger to the operation of the system, congestion or risk of overload on the network, risk of islanding, or risk to the steady-state or dynamic network stability. The generating units must reduce, at frequency of more than 50.2 Hz, the instantaneous active power with a gradient of 40% of the generator s instantaneously capacity per Hertz. The active power will be increased again if the frequency returns to a value of f< Hz, as long as the value does not exceed 50.2 Hz. 32

64 Fig 4.8: Active power reduction in the case of over-frequency [7] 4. Reactive Power Support: The German Grid Code states that the power plant must be possible to be operated in any point between 0.95 lagging power factor and 0.95 leading power factor. The reactive power support must be adjustable. In order to avoid voltage jumps or fluctuations in active power feed-in, a characteristic with continuous profile and limited gradient must be chosen. It is important to remark that nowadays PV systems are controlled to produce only active power. The reactive power is avoided due to the losses in the inverter, through the lines and transformers. To meet the grid requirements, the inverters are oversized. 4.4 Indian Connectivity Standards & other relevant regulations Presently, following Grid Connectivity Regulation (Part-II) [CEA] in India is prevailing specific to the Solar PV generators. In addition, forecasting regulation i.e. Renewable Regulatory Fund mechanism under CERC (IEGC) regulations 200 is also deliberated CEA Technical Standards for Connectivity Regulation (Amendment), 203applicable to the Wind generating stations and generating stations using inverters B. Requirements with respect to Harmonics, Direct Current (DC) Injection and Flicker () Harmonic current injections from a generating station shall not exceed the limits specified in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard 59 33

65 (2) The Generating station shall not inject DC current greater than 0.5 % of the full rated output at the interconnection point (3) The generating station shall not introduce flicker beyond the limits specified in IEC 6000 B2. For generating station getting connected on or after completion April (6 months from the date of publication of the Regulations-Oct 3) () The generating station shall be capable of supplying dynamically varying reactive power support so as to maintain power factor within the limits of 0.95 lagging to 0.95 leading. (2) The generating units shall be capable of operating in the frequency range of 47.5 Hz to 52 Hz and shall be able to deliver rated output in the frequency range of 49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz. Provided that above performance shall be achieved with voltage variation of up to ± 5% subject to availability of commensurate wind speed in case of wind generating stations and solar insolation in case of solar generating stations. B3. For generating units which are connected before and up to 6 months after the date of publication of these Regulations in the Official Gazette The generating company and the licensee of the electricity system to which the generating station is connected shall mutually discuss and agree on the measures which can be taken to meet the standards specified in (B) and (B2) subject to technical feasibility"; Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (Deviation Settlement Mechanism and related matters) (Second Amendment) Regulations 205 In the CERC amendment for DSM regulation, methodology for deviation calculation (on Absolute error/available capacity basis) as well as deviation charges in case of under/over injection is defined for Wind/Solar generators (regional entities). Absolute Error shall mean the absolute value of the error in the actual generation of wind or solar generators with reference to the scheduled generation and the 'Available Capacity' (AvC), as calculated using the following formula for each 5 minute time block: Error (%) = 00 X [Actual Generation Scheduled Generation] / (AvC) 34

66 'Available Capacity (AvC)' for wind or solar generators is the cumulative capacity rating of the wind turbines or solar inverters that are capable of generating power in a given time-block. RE generators (regional entities) are to be paid as per schedules Deviation charges (for different error bands) in case of under as well over injection by Wind/solar generator (regional entities) is defined as per different slab rates 35

67 CHAPTER 5 S TUDY METHODOLOGY

68 Chapter-5 Study Methodology 5. Grid Integration of Solar Generation In case of large scale renewable generation, particularly for large scale solar power parks, it is not possible to absorb the energy locally. The scenario is more prominent especially during the period of high solar generation wherein electricity demand is not at peak level. Transmission system is required to be planned for integrating such large scale solar power parks with the State grid as well as with the inter-state/national grid. Integrated planning approach would ensure that solar generation does not have to be backed down during solar maximized scenario or other than peak demand period and local grid network must be stable even when solar generation is not available during night time. This integration provides reliability of transmission and power supply to the whole system. Owing to intermittent nature of solar energy, it requires support from the grid. The transmission capacity requirement for grid integration of solar parks shall also depend upon quantum of power to be transmitted/integrated. 5.2 Approach On advice of MOP/MNRE, POWERGRID carried out the studies to identify interstate transmission infrastructure for ultra-mega solar parks in various states. To carry out the studies, inputs like existing generation data, information provided by MNRE regarding details of solar parks i.e. location, quantum and time frame in various states, pocket wise RE & conventional generation capacity addition program in time frame of & has been considered. Information about existing and planned transmission system including various transmission corridors including High Capacity Corridors/Green Energy corridors, wind and solar generation pattern, network topology etc. has been taken into account in studies. 36

69 5.3 Demand Generation Scenario & RE Operational Trends Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Based on the information shared by the POSOCO regarding demand pattern for various regions, an analysis has been carried out for various demand scenarios in three season viz. summer, winter and monsoon. A typical daily demand curve for all regions in all season is shown below in figure 5. Figure 5.: Typical daily demand curve for all seasons (source POSOCO) Annual pattern of electricity demand for different regions indicates that most of the regions witness maximum demand during summer season. Therefore all India peak demand in summer season is relatively higher than winter and Monsoon season. 37

70 Therefore summer peak demand scenario has been analysed as a part of studies as peak demand scenario A typical solar generation pattern of all the three seasons i.e. winter, summer & Monsoon is shown below in Figure 5.2: Figure 5.2: Typical Solar seasonal & diurnal pattern(source-lbnl) From the above solar pattern in various seasons, it can be inferred that solar generation follows, relatively a certain pattern unlike wind pattern. Solar generation gradually increases from early morning with high generation during day time (AM- 2PM) and then decrease gradually till evening and no generation during night time. The average solar generation during winter & Monsoon season is comparably lower than summer season. However, in the condition of cloud cover or rain, generation from solar plants also become intermittent and variable. Therefore penetration of solar generation is maximum during summer day time (AM-2PM) has been analysed as part of studies as solar maximized scenario. Typical variations of all India wind generation in summer season for any two days are shown in Figure 5.3. Figure 5.3: All India wind pattern in summer for any two days (source POSOCO) 38

71 Further, wind generation pattern has been analysed for summer seasonal scenarios, as decided above. From above it can be concluded that during solar maximized period, wind generation is moderate. 5.4 Time Frame Considering the progress of NP Kunta solar park (500MW) in Andhra Pradesh, Tumkur Solar park in Karnataka (Ph-I :000MW)& Rewa solar park (750MW) in Madhya Pradesh generation as well as indication from MNRE regarding their early commissioning schedule, same is being considered for time frames. Therefore, two time frames are being studied i.e for NP Kunta & Rewa Solar Park and remaining solar parks for time frame 5.5 Scenario and Dispatch of Renewable Generations As per manual on transmission planning criteria, for evolving transmission systems for integration of solar generation projects into the grid, high solar generation injections may be studied in combination with suitable conventional dispatch scenarios. Therefore, to identify transmission requirement for power transfer from solar parks, maximized solar dispatch scenarios has been considered. For this, 00% Solar Capacity despatch is considered, whereas in field peak solar generation may be around 80-85% of its capacity. As discussed in previous section, solar generation is slightly higher during summer season as compared to other seasons i.e. Monsoon and winter. Therefore studies have been carried out for summer season in solar maximized scenario (am-2pm) in which demand is moderate i.e. other than peak demand in all regions. However, sensitivity studies for peak demand scenario has also been carried out. With the historical demand pattern, it was ascertained that all India peak demand in summer season is slightly higher as compare to peak demand of winter and Monsoon season across the various regions. As discussed above, studies has been carried out in solar maximized scenario, demand has been considered as 90% of the peak demand (summer peak) for various states except the states of northern region where it is considered as 95% of the peak demand (the northern region has flat load profile over a day due to agricultural load). Further as per the past trends of wind generation in summer season wherein solar is maximum during day time, solar & wind generation dispatch is considered as 00% and 40% respectively. 39

72 As discussed in earlier sections, it was also ascertained that all India peak demand is encountered in summer season (most of the regions have peak demand during summer season) as evening peak. Therefore, this scenario is being considered as peak demand scenario. However, in such scenario wind generation is moderate (35-40%) and Solar generation is zero (peak demand is occurred during 8pm-9pm). In this scenario, 00% EPS demand along with Wind-40% dispatch with no solar generation is being considered. Accordingly, system studies are carried out in following two scenarios in two time frames: Table 5.: Study scenario for solar parks Scenario Dispatches Scenario- : time frame Scenario - : Solar Maximized Wind-40% &Solar-00% scenario with moderate demand Demand: 95% for NR & 90% for other regions (other than peak demand) (of respective peak demand) Scenario -2 : Peak demand scenario with no solar genaration Wind-40% & No Solar generation Demand: Peak demand for all regions Scenario-2 : time frame Scenario - : Solar Maximized scenario with moderate demand (other than peak demand) Wind-40% &Solar-00% Demand: 95% for NR & 90% for other regions (of respective peak demand) Scenario -2 : Peak demand scenario with no solar genaration Wind-40% & No Solar generation Demand: Peak demand for all regions 5.6 Demand and Generation Peak demand of various States of different regions has been considered as per the 8 th Electric Power Survey (EPS) Report corresponding to & study time frame. Projected peak demand in each State by & time frame as per 8 th EPS is given at Annexure-5.. However, as per information available above estimates are being revised upon publication of 9th EPS It is assumed that total demand of all the constituent States is being met through State s own generating stations, allocation of power from central sector generating stations, target allocations from private sector generation projects located in that particular region and import from other regions. For the studied time frame, all new 40

73 generation schemes likely to be commissioned by that time frame have been considered. 5.7 Transmission System A number of transmission schemes are likely to be implemented up to (as per the present available information) in various regional grids as a part of Inter- State Generating Stations/IPP/Grid strengthening schemes. Ten (0) High Capacity Transmission Corridors in all the regions are under different stages of implementation. Above transmission schemes have been considered in the study. In addition, transmission system of different regions including STU networks (220kV level and above) has been simulated as per the information available for the time frame of the study. In addition to the high capacity corridors, transmission scheme for renewables as part of Green Energy Corridor has also been considered in above studies. 5.8 Transmission Planning Criteria As per the manual on transmission planning criteria (203), all the equipment in the transmission system shall remain within their normal thermal and voltage ratings after a disturbance involving loss of any one of the following elements (called single contingency or N- condition), but without load shedding/rescheduling of generation: Outage of a 32kV or 0kV single circuit, Outage of a 220kV or 230kV single circuit, Outage of a 400kV single circuit, Outage of a 400kV single circuit with fixed series capacitor(fsc), Outage of an Inter-Connecting Transformer(ICT), Outage of a 765kV single circuit Outage of one pole of HVDC bipole However the N- criteria may not be applied to the immediate connectivity of solar farms with the ISTS/Intra state transmission grid i.e. the line connecting the farm to the grid and the step-up transformers at the grid station. As per CEA Manual on Transmission Planning Criteria, limits for steady-state voltage limits for different voltage levels are given below. However, at the planning stage a margin may be kept in the voltage limits. 4

74 Table 5.2: Limits for different voltage levels are given below Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A The capacity factor for Wind and Solar projects, for the purpose of maximum injection to plan the evacuation system, as per the planning criteria is defined as under. Capacity factor, considering diversity in wind/solar generation, is the ratio of maximum generation available at an aggregation point to the algebraic sum of capacity of each wind machine / solar panel connected to that grid point. Actual data, wherever available, should be used. In cases where data is not available the Capacity factor may be calculated using following factors: Table 5.3: Assumed capacity factor for various voltage levels Voltage level/ Aggregation level 32kV / Individual wind/solar farm 220kV 400kV State (as a whole) Capacity Factor (%) 80 % 75 % 70 % 60 % 42

75 CHAPTER 6 SYSTEM STU UDY & RESULTS

76 6. Evolution of Transmission system Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Chapter-6 System Studies and Results As discussed earlier, solar power parks are proposed to be developed in various states by 2022 time frame as per their tentative commissioning schedules. Considering above, load flow studies have been carried out for solar parks being interconnected in interstate to evolve ISTS infrastructure for evacuation of solar generation from solar parks in respective states i.e. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka & Himachal Pradesh. The approach and methodology for above studies is as per the deliberation in earlier chapter. As indicated in the earlier sections of study methodology & approach, load flow has been carried out for two scenarios i.e. maximized solar (00% dispatch) with other than peak demand as well as sensitivity analysis in no solar (NIL dispatch) with peak demand. In both the cases, requirement of transmission system associated with Solar Park has been assessed. 6.2 Approaches for Reactive Power Compensation As commonly known, RE generation including Solar is characterized by intermittency and variability. In addition, RES also face low/high voltage ride through issues at the moment. During sudden weather events like storms, clouds cover etc. Solar generation levels can face sudden fluctuations even dropping to zero level almost instantly. This may result in wide variation of voltage profile of adjacent buses necessitating reactive power support requirement to maintain grid parameters. In order to address reactive power management aspect (in steady state scenarios) including during low/no solar generation periods, adequate reactive compensation at bus level through Bus reactors is required. Further in order to provide dynamic voltage support as well as address low/high voltage ride through aspects, dynamic compensation in form of Static Compensators (STATCOM) are proposed on case to case basis. Capability of STATCOM to instantly absorb and deliver VARs makes it an excellent tool to prevent temporary voltage variations. STATCOM offers faster operation 43

77 because of voltage source converter (VSC) and no delay associated with thyristor firing. The main advantage of STATCOM is that the compensating current does not depend on the voltage level at the point of common coupling and compensating current is not lowered as the terminal voltage drops. Studies have shown that by placing a dynamic reactive power compensator at the point of common coupling of RE, transient and steady state stability can also be improved. A typical V-I characteristics of STATCOM is placed at Fig-6. as under. Fig-6.: V-I Characteristics of STATCOM V/s SVC Details of studies and identified transmission system for solar power parks are elaborated in the following sections. 6.3 Solar Parks in Southern region The following high capacity corridors have been considered in studies for Solar parks in Southern region High Capacity Corridor in Srikakulam area : Srikakulam Angul Jharsuguda Dharamjaygarh 765 kv Corridor High Capacity Corridor in Tuticorin area: Tuticorin Pooling Station Salem Madhugiri-Narendra 765 kv Corridor (Ch. At 400kV) High Capacity Corridor in AP i.e. Nellore Pooling station Kurnool (New) Raichur Sholapur 765 kv Corridor 44

78 High Capacity corridors in Nagapattinam / Cuddalore Area of Tamil Nadu i.e. Nagapattinam Pooling Station Salem Madhugiri Narendra 765kV corridor (charged at 400kV) The southern region shall have following important inter-regional corridors in studies scenarios especially in 208-9, which are considered in the respective study time frame and scenarios: Raichur-Sholapur 765kV 2XS/c line Narendra- Kolhapur 765kV D/c line (Ch. at 400kV) Warora Pool- Warangal 765kV D/c line Srikakulam Angul 765kV D/c line Nizamabad- Wardha 765kV D/c line Raigarh(HVDC Stn) Pugalur (HVDC Stn) 6000 MW HVDC bipole 6.3. Solar Parks in Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Corporation Private Ltd (a JV of SECI, APGENCO and NREDCAP) is developing following ultra mega Solar parks envisaged for evacuation through inter state and intra state network Table : Solar Parks in AP S.No Solar Park Capacity (MW) Inter State Intra State NP Kunta Distt. Anantpur & Kadapa Gani/Panyam, Distt. Kurnool Mailavaram, Distt. Kadapa Talaricheruvu, Distt. Anantpur 500 Inter State :Study for NP Kunta Solar Park Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Corporation Private Ltd (a JV of SECI, APGENCO and NREDCAP) is developing ultra mega Solar park of 500 MW capacity in NP Kunta, Anantpur distt, Andhra Pradesh. NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Park (500 MW) is envisaged to evacuate power from NP Kunta Site (000 MW) in Anantpur 45

79 distt. and Galiveedu Site (500 MW) in Kadapa distt. whereas both sites are contiguous to each other. Power from above project is envisaged to be transferred to other beneficiaries including Andhra Pradesh. The NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar Park (500 MW) is envisaged to be developed in different phases. First phase with about 250 MW generation capacity at NP Kunta Site is already commissioned while second phase (750 MW) and third phase (500 MW from contiguous Galiveedu site) are under various stages of implementation Figure 6.2: Solar Park in Andhra Pradesh (Inter State) Studies were carried out to evolve transmission scheme for NP Kunta (500 MW) Solar park. The studies also included approved intra state transmission system strengthening (APTRANSCO) for wind generation projects in near vicinity to above solar park i.e. Uravakonda (36MW), Hindupur (683MW), Kondapur (06MW) &Aspiri (000MW). In addition solar park in Panyam (000MW) dist. Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh for which transmission system shall be implemented by APTRANSCO is also considered. Based on approach & study scenarios discussed in Chapter-5,load flow studies were carried out considering following transmission system: NP Kunta, Distt. Anantpur Solar Park (500MW) Phase-I (250 MW) LILO of 400KV Kadapa(Cuddapah) - Kolar S/c line at NP Kunta Pooling station 2 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station 46

80 x25 MVAR Bus Reactor at NP Kunta Pooling station ±00 MVAR STATCOM at 400kV NP Kunta Pooling station Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at NP Kunta Pooling station Phase-II (750 MW) LILO of Hindupur- Kadapa(Cuddapah) 400kV D/c (quad) line at NP Kunta Pooling station 6 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station Phase-III (500 MW) Augmentation of transformation capacity at NP Kunta station with 4th, x500 MVA, 400/220kV transformer 4 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station From the load flow results, it is observed that loading on transmission system is in order in normal conditions. In addition, contingency scenario i.e. outage of 400kV & 765kV line is also studied to check network adequacy, which is also found to be in order. Load flow Study results in base case are enclosed at Annexure- 6.a-6.d. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.3 below. Figure 6.3: NP Kunta Solar Park scheme 47

81 Intra State Andhra Pradesh Solar Power Corporation Private Ltd (a JV of SECI, APGENCO and NREDCAP) is developing ultra mega Solar power parks (UMSPP) at Gani/Panyam (000MW) Distt. Kurnool, Mailavaram(000 MW) Distt. Kadapa & Talaricheruvu(500 MW) Distt. Anantpur in Andhra Pradesh. Figure 6.4: Solar Park in Andhra Pradesh (Intra State) Based on the inputs, following intra state transmission system is proposed by APTRANSCO for evacuation of power from above Solar Power Park A) Transmission scheme for Gani/Panyam, Distt. Kurnool (000MW) Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Gani/Panyam 400kV Gani/[Panyam - Kurnool D/c line (Quad) 400kV Jammalamadugu/ Kondapuram - Gani/Panyam D/c line (Quad) 2x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Panyam B) Transmission scheme for Mailavaram solar park, Distt. Kadapa (000MW) Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Mailavaram Mailavaram - Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (Quad) line x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Mailavaram C) Transmission scheme for Talaricheruvu solar park, Distt. Anantpur (500MW) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Talaricheruvu LILO of Uravakonda Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (quad) line at Talaricheruvu x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Talaricheruvu 48

82 Transmission scheme for Mailavaram & Talaricheruvu is tentative and is under finalization by CEA/APTRANSCO. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.5 below. Figure 6.5: Intra state Solar Park scheme in AP Study for Solar park in Karnataka Karnataka Solar Power Development Corporation Ltd.(KSPDCL) (JVC of SECI & KREDL) is developing an ultra mega Solar power park (UMSPP) of 2000 MW capacity at Pavagada, Distt. Tumkur, Karnataka. Envisaged for evacuation through Inter state network Table 2: Solar Park in Karnataka S.No Solar Park Inter State Capacity (MW) Pavagada, Distt. Tumkur 2000 Power from above project is envisaged to be transferred to other beneficiaries of southern region including Karnataka. Solar Park at Pavagada, distt. Tumkur (2000 MW) is proposed to be developed in two phases, with 000MW generation capacity in each phase (Total Capacity: 2000MW). Keeping in view short gestation period of solar generation project and time required for development of evacuation system, it is proposed that the transmission scheme may be implemented in different phases commensurate to the power transfer requirement 49

83 Figure 6.6: Solar Park in Karnataka(Inter State) Considering above, studies were carried out to evolve transmission scheme for Tumkur (2000 MW) Solar park. The studies also included approved intra state transmission system strengthening for renewable generation projects in Karnataka as part of Green energy corridors. Based on approach & study scenarios discussed in Chapter-5, load flow studies have been carried out considering following transmission system: Phase-I (000 MW) LILO of 400kV Gooty Madhugiri D/c at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station LILO of 400kV Bellary Pool Madhugiri D/c (Quad)(both circuits)[kptcl line] at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station* Tumkur Pooling station - Hiriyur 400 kv D/c Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Pooling station at Tumkur (Pavagada) along with x25mvar bus reactor 8 Nos. 220kV Line bays at Tumkur PS for Solar Interconnection Phase-II (000 MW) Part-A Hiriyur Mysore 400 kv D/c line $ Augmentation of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformer at Tumkur(Pavagada) Pooling station x25mvar bus reactor (2nd) at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station Third 400/220 kv, x500 MVA transformer at Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur) 50

84 x80 MVAR switchable Line reactor at Mysore end of Hiriyur- Mysore D/c for each circuit. $ with the completion of this line, it would be connected with Tumkur(Pavagada) Pooling station - Hiriyur 400 kv D/c line near Hiriyur to form Tumkur(Pavagada) -Mysore D/c direct line Part-B Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station- Devanahally (KPTCL) 400kV D/c(Quad) From the load flow results, it is observed that loading on transmission system is in order in normal conditions. In addition, contingency scenario i.e. outage of 400kV line is also studied to check network adequacy, which is also found to be in order.load flow Study results in base case as well as in the contingency scenarios are enclosed at Annexure- 6.2a-6.2i Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.7 below. Figure 6.7: Tumkur Solar Park scheme Solar Park in Telangana Telangana New & Renewable Energy development corporation Ltd.(TNREDC) is proposed to develop an ultra mega Solar power park (UMSPP) of 500 MW capacity at Gattu, distt. Mehboob nagar in Telangana.(Fig 6.8) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network 5

85 Table 3: Solar Park in Telangana S.No Solar Park Intra statecapacity (MW) Gattu, Distt. Mehboob Nagar 500 Figure 6.8: Solar Park in Telangana(Intra State) Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed by CEA/TSTRANSCO for the evacuation of power from Gattu solar park Establishment of 3x200 MVA, 220/32KV Substation at Gattu Gattu solar park Veltoor 220kV D/c line Gattu solar park Themajipet 220kV D/c line The transmission scheme is tentative and under finalization by CEA/TSTRANSCO. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.9 below. Figure 6.9: Gattu Solar Park scheme 52

86 6.3.4 Solar Park in Kerala Govt. of Kerala and KSEBL is planning to set up a MW solar power plant in Kasargode district. As part of above, a solar park of 200 MW generation capacity is envisaged in Paivalike, Meenja, Kiaanoor, Kraindalam and Ambalathara near Gat, distt. Kasargode in Kerala (Fig-6.0).The park is proposed to be developed by the renewable power corporation of Kerala Ltd. (RPCKL), JV Company of SECI & KSEB.In addition to this about MW capacity also envisaged near Kasargode. Table 4: Solar Park in Kerala S.No Solar Park Intra state Capacity (MW) Distt. Kasargode 200 MW (Total capacity MW) Figure 6.0: Solar Park in Kasargode (Intra State) Accordingly following tentative scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from solar park in Kasargode Establishment of 3x200MVA, 220/32KV pooling Substation at Kasargode Pool Kasargode pool Kasargode 220kV 2xD/c line Kasargode Wayanad 400kV D/c line The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/KSEBL. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6. below 53

87 6.4 Solar Parks in Western region Figure 6.: Kasargode Solar Park scheme The following high capacity transmission corridors have been planned in Western Region: High Capacity Corridor associated with IPPs in Chhattisgarh : Raipur Pool- Wardha Aurangabad 765kV 2xD/c Aurangabad- Padghe 765kV D/c Aurangabad- Dhule-Vadodra 765kV S/c +800kV, 6000 MW Champa Pool Kurushetra HVDC Bipole Common Transmission System Associated with ISGS Projects in Nagapattinam / Cuddalore Area of Tamil Nadu (WR Portion) i.e. Kolhapur Padghe 765 kv D/c one circuit via Pune (initially to be op. at 400kV) In addition to above, other high capacity corridors such as Indore-Vadodra 765kV line associated with IPP in MP & Chhattisgarh as well as 765kV Dharamjaygarh Jabalpur Pool-Bhopal- Indore & 765kV Dharamjaygarh-Jabalpur Pool- Bina Gwalior associated with IPP in Orrisa/Jharkhand are also considered. The study also includes Green energy corridor in western and northern region.i.e. Bhuj Pool- Banaskantha- Chittorgarh (new) Ajmer (new) Bikaner -Moga 765kV D/c transmission Corridor along with other substations Study for Solar park in Gujarat Gujarat Power Corporation Limited (GPCL), the Solar Power Park Developer (SPPD) is developing an ultra mega solar power park of 700 MW capacity in Radhanesda, Banaskantha distt, Gujarat (Fig 6.2) 54

88 Table 5: Solar Park in Gujarat S.No. Solar Park Inter state Capacity (MW) Radhanesda, Distt. Banaskantha 700 Figure 6.2: Solar Park in Gujarat(Inter State) Power from above project is envisaged to be transferred to its beneficiaries in WR including Gujarat. Considering above, studies have been carried out to evolve transmission scheme for Banaskantha (700 MW) Solar park. The studies also included approved intra state transmission system strengthening for renewable generation projects in Gujarat as part of Green energy corridors. Based on approach & study scenarios discussed in Chapter-5, load flow studies have been carried out considering following transmission system: 400kV Banaskantha (Radhanesda) pooling station - Banaskantha (PG) D/c 2 nos. 400 kv line bays at Bansakanta(PG) As part of Green Energy Corridor I: Interstate Transmission scheme, 765/400 kv Banaskantha(PG) S/s is under implementation. From the load flow results, it is observed that loading on transmission system is in order in normal conditions. Load flow Study results in base case scenarios are enclosed at Annexure- 6.3a-6.3c. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.3 below 55

89 Fig 6.3: Banaskantha Solar Park scheme Study for Solar parks in Madhya Pradesh A JVC of MP Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd (MPUVNL) & SECI i.e. M/s Rewa ultra Mega Solar (RUMS) is developing Solar Power Park in Rewa, Neemuch, Mandsaur, Shajapur, Rajgarh, Chattarpur, Morena and Agar districts of MP Table 6: Solar Parks in MP S.No Solar Park Capacity (MW) Inter State Intra State Distt. Rewa Distt. Neemuch & Mandsaur Distt. Agar &and Shajapur Distt. Chhattarpur Distt. Morena and Rajgarh Power from above project is envisaged to be transferred to its various beneficiaries including MP. Out of above, Rewa (750MW), Agar(250 MW), Rajgarh(250 MW), Shajapur (Moman Badodiya: 250 MW) & Chattarpur (500 MW) Solar parks are envisaged to be evocated through ISTS scheme while Neemuch (500MW), Mandsaur (250MW) & Morena (250MW) solar park are envisaged to evacuated through intra state scheme. Agar solar park comprises of two solar parks in Agar & Susner location each of 25MW capacity. Rajgarh solar park comprises of two solar parks in Jeerapur &Khilchipur locationeach of 25MW capacity. Neemuch Solar Park Comprises of three solar parks in Rampura (50 MW), Singoli (200 MW)&Jeeran(50 MW) locations. 56

90 Figure 6.4: Solar Parks in Madhya Pradesh (Inter State & Intra State) Inter State Based on the inputs, studies have been carried out to evolve transmission scheme for Rewa, Agar, Rajgarh, Shajapur& ChattarpurSolar parks in Madhya Pradesh. Based on the approach & study scenarios discussed in Chapter-5, load flow studies have been carried out for solar parksconsidering following transmission system: A) Transmission scheme for Rewa Solar Park (750MW) Establishment of 400/220kV, 3x500 MVA Pooling station at Rewa LILO of Vindhyachal Jabalpur 400kV 2nd D/c line (circuit-3&4) at Rewa Pooling Station x25 MVAr bus reactor at Rewa Pooling Station 6 Nos. 220kV Line bays at Rewa Pooling station(for its interconnection with solar park) From the load flow results for Rewa solar park, it is observed that loading on transmission system is in order in normal conditions. In addition, contingency scenario i.e. outage of 400kV line is also studied to check network adequacy, which is also found to be in order. Load flow Study results for Rewa in base case as well as in the contingency scenarios are enclosed at Annexure- 6.4a-6.4d. Transmission schme for Rewa solar park is under various statges of implementation. In addition following transmission scheme is proposed &finalized for the evacuation of power from other solar parks in inter state B) Transmission scheme for Agar (250MW), Rajgarh (250MW) & Shajapur (250MW) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv Pooling station at/near Jeerapur 57

91 LILO of both circuits of RAPP Shujalpur 400 kv D/c at Jeerapur Pooling station X25 Mvar, 420 kv Bus Reactor at Jeerapur Pooling station 220kV line bays (0 nos) for solar park interconnections Shujalpur (PG) -Shujalpur (MP) 2nd 220 kv D/C line or another 220kV outlet from Shujalpur (PG) towards Ashta/other load center** ** to be implemented as intra state by MPPTCL C) Transmission system strengthening in Chhatarpur area Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv substation at Bijawar LILO of Satna Bina 400kV (st) D/c line at Bijawar. (There are four 400kV circuits between Satna and Bina out of which one is proposed to be LILOed at Sagar (MPPTCL) Substation. This LILO is on one D/c out of the above three remaining 400kV circuits between Satna and Bina). X25 Mvar, 420 kv Bus Reactor at Bijawar pooling station. 4 nos. 220kV line bays for termination of LILO of both ckts of Tikamgarh - Chatarpur 220 kv D/c line. Space for 4 nos. of 220kV line bays for solar park interconnections 2nd circuit stringing of 220kV Tikamgarh Chhatarpur line** LILO of Tikamgarh - Chhatarpur 220 kv D/c line(both circuits) at Bijawar PS** ** to be implemented as intra state scheme From the load flow results, it is observed that loading on transmission system is in order in normal conditions. Load flow Study results for solar parks in MP (other than Rewa) in base case are enclosed at Annexure- 6.5a-6.5f. Schematic of proposed inter state transmission schemes is enclosed at Fig below. Figure 6.5: Rewa Solar Park Scheme 58

92 Figure 6.6: Agar, Rajgarh & Shajapur Solar Park schemefigure 6.7: Chhatarpur Solar Park scheme Intra State To evacuate transfer of power from Neemuch, Mandsaur & Morena Solar parks, following intra state transmission system has been evolved based on the information made available by MNRE, MPPTCL and Govt. of Madhya Pradesh A) Transmission scheme for Mandsaur solar park (250MW) 400/220kV Sitamau (Mandsaur) substation Mandsaur - Nagda 400kV D/c line The above Transmission scheme is under implementation as intra state scheme by MPPTCL as part of Green Energy Corridor Phase-I. However an interim arrangement may require due to mismatch in the Implementation schedule of 400/220kV Sitamau S/s (208-9) and Suwasara Solar park (Mar 207)). The interim arrangement as under 220kV D/c line from Solar Park Pooling station to crossing point of Bhanpura- Badod 220kV line B) Transmission scheme for Neemuch solar park (500 MW) 400/220kV Sitamau (Mandsaur) substation Mandsaur - Nagda 400kV D/c line 220 kv Ratangarh Pooling station The above Transmission scheme is under implementation as intra state scheme by MPPTCL as part of Green Energy Corridor Phase-I. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.8 below. 59

93 Figure 6.8: Neemuch & Mandsaur Solar Park scheme C) Transmission scheme for Morena solar park (250MW) To evacuate transfer of power from Morena Solar park, 220kV interconnection to Morena (MPPTCL) substation or 400/220kV Morena (ISTS) substation is propsed under the developers scope. Hence no intra state strengthening is required further Solar parks in Maharashtra As per the information provided by MNRE, following ultra mega solar power parks are proposed to develop at various locations in Maharashtra (Fig 6.9) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 7: Solar Parks in Maharashtra S.No Solar Park Developer Intra state Distt. Sakri & Dhule 2 Dondaicha, Distt. Dhule 3 Patoda, Distt. Beed Capacity (MW) Guru Mega solar park 500 (Pragati Akshay Urja Ltd.) MAHAGENCO 500 K.P. Power Pvt. Ltd

94 Figure 6.9: Solar Parks in Maharashtra (Intra State) To evacuate transfer of power from above Solar parks, following transmission system has been evolved by MAHATRANSCO A) Transmission scheme for Guru Mega solar park (500MW) & MAHAGENCO Solar park (500MW) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv substation at Village Balsane LILO of one ckt. of 400 kv Dhule - Sardar Sarovar D/C lineat 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s. 220 kv Shivajinagar - Balsane Pooling S/s. D/C line LILO of 220 kv Dhule - Dondaicha S/C at 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s. B) Transmission scheme for K.P.Power Solar park (500MW) Establishment of 3x200 MVA, 220/32kV substation at Patoda pooling station Upgradation of 32kV Kharda S/s. to 220kV with 2 x 00MVA 220/32 kv ICTs Patoda (existing) - Patoda Pooling station 220kV D/c line Patoda Pooling - Kharda -Jeur 220kV D/c line LILO of one ckt of 32 kv Ashti -Kharda D/c at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s LILO of 32 kv Beed Raimoha S/c line at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s. 6

95 The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/MAHATRANSCO. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig below. Figure 6.20: Guru Mega & MAHAGENCO Solar Park scheme Figure 6.2: KP Power Solar Park scheme Solar parks in Chattisgarh Chhattisgarh Renewable Energy development agency is proposed to develop an ultra mega Solar power park (UMSPP) of 500 MW capacity at Rajnandgaon & Janjgir Champa district in Chhattisgarh(Fig 6.22) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 8: Solar Park in Chhattisgarh S.No Solar Park Intra state Rajnandgaon & Janjgir Champa district Capacity (MW) 500 As no information is available for capacity of each solar park, it is assumed to distribute capacity on pro rata basis among two locations (250MW capacity each) 62

96 Figure 6.22: Solar Parks in Chhattisgarh (Intra State) Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from above solar park (two locations of 250MW capacity) Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x200 MVA Pooling station each at Rajnandgaon & Janjgir Champa Rajnandgaon Bhilai 220kV D/c line Janjgir Champa Mopka 220kV D/c line The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/CSPTCL Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.23 below. Figure 6.23: Solar Park scheme in Chhattisgarh 63

97 6.5 Solar Parks in Northern region Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A The study also includes Green energy corridor in western and northern regioni.e. Bhuj Pool- Banaskantha- Chittorgarh (new) Ajmer (new) Bikaner -Moga 765kV D/c transmission Corridor along with substations Study for Solar parks in Rajasthan In Rajasthan following ultra mega Solar power parks envisaged for evacuation through inter state and intra state network Table 9: Solar Parks in Rajasthan S.No Solar Park/Developer Capacity (MW) Bhadla Ph-II, Distt. Jodhpur Rajasthan solar park development company ltd. 2 Bhadla Ph-III, Distt. Jodhpur Surya Urja Company of Rajasthan Ltd 3 Bhadla Ph-IV, Distt. Jodhpur M/s Adani renewable energy park Rajasthan ltd. 4 Phalodi, Distt. Jodhpur & Pokaran, Distt. Jaisalmer M/s Essel Saurya Company of Rajasthan Ltd 5 Fatehgarh & Pokaran, Distt. Jaisalmer M/s Adani renewable energy park Rajasthan ltd. Inter State Intra State ** 500 ** 42MW through support of GoI out of 500MW capacity (inter state : 000MW; intra state : 500MW) Fig 6.24: Solar Park in Rajasthan (Inter State & Intra State) 64

98 Inter State An ultra-mega solar Power park is being developed by M/s Surya Urja Company of Rajasthan Ltd (JVC of Govt. of Rajasthan and IL&FS) for 500MW inter state capacity (Total capacity : 000MW), M/s Adani renewable energy park Rajasthan ltd. (JVC of Govt. of Rajasthan and AREPL)for inter state 250MW capacity (Total capacity : 500MW) as well as by M/s Essel Saurya Company of Rajasthan Ltd(JVC of Govt. of Rajasthan and Essel Infraprojects Ltd) for 750 MW in/near Bhadla, Jodhpur distt, Rajasthan. In addition, M/s Adani Renewable Energy Park Rajasthan (AREPL) Ltd is developing ultra mega solar power park in ISTS for 000MW at Fatehgarh, distt. Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Considering above, four solar parks studies have been carried out to evolve transmission scheme for Bhadla (500 MW) & Fatehgarh (000 MW) Solar parks. The studies also included approved intra state transmission system strengthening for renewable generation projects in Rajasthan as part of Green energy corridors. Based on approach & study scenarios discussed in Chapter-5, load flow studies have been carried out considering following transmission system Transmission System for solar power parks at Bhadla, Rajasthan Establishment of 765/400/220kV (765/400kV: 3x500MVA, 400/220kV : 3x500 MVA) Pooling Station at Bhadla (PG) 765kV Bhadla (PG) Bikaner (PG) D/c 400kV Bhadla (PG)- Bhadla (RVPN) D/c (Quad) 2 nos. 400kV & 4 nos. 220kV line bays line bays at Bhadla (PG) x240 MVAr switchable line reactor at each end (each ckt) of the 765kV Bhadla(PG)- Bikaner(PG) D/c line x240 MVAr (765kV) & x25mvar (400kV) Bus reactor at Bhadla Pooling Station Transmission System for Fatehgarh UMSPP, Jaisalmer Rajasthan Establishment of 400kV Pooling Station at Fatehgarh (with a provision to upgrade at 765kV level) 765kV Fatehgarh Pool - Bhadla (PG) D/c line (initially to be operated at 400kV) 2 nos. 400kV line bays at Fatehgarh PS 2 nos. 400kV line bays at Bhadla (PG) x25 MVAR Bus reactor at 400kV Fatehgarh pooling station 65

99 From the load flow results, it is observed that loading on transmission system is in order in normal conditions. In addition, contingency scenario i.e. outage of 400kV & 765kV line is also studied to check network adequacy, which is also found to be in order. Load flow Study results in base case as well as in the contingency scenarios for Bhadla Solar Park and Fatehgarh solar park is enclosed at Annexure 6.6a-6.6c. Intra State As per the information from SECI, 680MW of solar power park is proposed to be developed by Rajasthan solar park development company ltd. (RSDCL), a subsidiary of RRECL at Bhadla, Distt. Jodhpur in Rajasthan. In addition, balance 500MW of M/s Surya Urja & 250MW of M/s Adani renewable is envisaged for evacuation through intra state transmission system. A comprehensive intra state transmission scheme is planned & under implementation by RRVPN for solar & wind projects coming up in 2 th & 3 th plan. As part of above scheme following transmission scheme was planned by RRVPN for injection at Bhadla substation 400kV Bhadla Bikaner D/c line (Quad) 400kV Ramgarh Bhadla (PG) D/c line LILO of one ckt of Jodhpur Merta D/c line at Bhadla Establishment of 400/220kV, 3x500MVA Station at Bhadla RRVPN informed that for evacuate transfer of power from solar park,above intra state strengthening is adequate hence no additional intra state strengthening is required further. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.25 below 66

100 \ Figure 6.25: Solar Park scheme in Rajasthan Study for Solar Park in Himachal Pradesh Itis proposed to develop an ultra mega Solar power park (UMSPP) of 000 MW capacity at Spiti Valley of district Lahul & Spiti Himachal Pradesh (Fig 6.26) envisaged for evacuation through Inter state network Table 0: Solar Park in HP S.No Solar Park Inter state Capacity (MW) Spiti Valley of district Lahul & Spiti 000 Fig 6.26: Solar Park in Himachal Pradesh (Intra State) 67

101 The Government of Himachal Pradesh has submitted a proposal to Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) for above solar park. Himachal Pradesh is tough/snow bound terrain area, having severe right of way issues along with short working season, transportation problems, environmental issues and avalanche / glacier prone area, therefore it needs utmost care to keep margin for future generation as well as good co-ordination while planning such as choosing high capacity conductor, voltage level, upcoming various generations and available potential because constructing a new transmission line for each generation and different time frame is not an easy job here. The Master evacuation scheme for below listed eighteen (8) Hydro projects in Himachal Pradesh from the Satluj basin are associated with establishment of Wangtu Pool substation and its interconnection to Jangi. This transmission scheme is already approved in 33 rd standing committee meeting of Northern region. Sl.No. Project Installed Capacity (MW) SHPs 42 2 Shongtong Karcham Kashang-I 65 4 Kashang-II & III 30 5 Kashang-IV 48 6 Tidong-I 00 7 Chango Yangthang 40 8 Yangthang Khab 26 9 Ropa 60 0 Khab 636 Tidong-II 90 2 Jhangi Thopan Thopan Powari Sumte Khatang 30 5 Lara Sumte 04 6 Mane- Nadang 70 7 Lara 60 8 Killing Lara 40 Total 3486 Shongtong Karcham(450 MW), Kashang-I(65 MW),Kashang-II&III (30 MW), Kashang-IV (48) MW and Tidong-I (00 MW) projects have applied for Long term access to CTU. Shangtong karcham to Wangtu pool 400kV Double circuit line is already approved in empowered committee. As per hydro master evacuation plan, Tidong project is connected to Jangi Pooling station & Kashang I, II, III &IV projects are connected to Jangi pooling stations as 68

102 well as Bogtu 220 kv substation. Shangtong- karcham project is connected to grid via LILO of Jangi and Wangtoo 400/220 kv pooling station. To evacuate transfer of power from HP solar park AC as well as HVDC options are considered for study. Considering the long distance transmission system requirement to facilitate transfer of power to distant load centers as well as weak short circuit strength around Spiti Valley, Voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC technology is considered as another alternative. VSC based HVDC technology also offers advantages of modular capacity development flexibility matching with phased generation requirements. Based on approach & study scenarios discussed in Chapter-5, load flow studies have been carried out considering following transmission systems alternatives Proposed transmission System for solar power park at Lahul & Spiti, Himachal Pradesh Alternative-I Spiti Valley Pooling point Jangi400kV D/c line Establishment of 400/220kV, 3X500 MVA Transformers at Spiti valley Wangtu pool Panchkula 400 kv D/c line (Quad) 25 MVAR bus reactor at Spiti Valley pooling station Estimated Cost : Rs 787 Cr Alternative-II Spiti Valley Pooling point Wangtu +/- 325 kv D/c VSC based HVDC Bi-pole line Establishment of +/-325 kv, 3X500 MW HVDC Bi-pole Terminals at Spiti Valley &Wangtu pool Wangtu Pooling Panchkula 400 kv D/c line (Quad) Estimated Cost : Rs 3084 Cr From the load flow results, it is observed that loading on transmission system is in order in normal conditions. In addition, contingency scenario i.e. outage of 400kV & HVDC is also studied to check network adequacy, which is also found to be in order. Load flow Study results in base case as well as in the contingency scenarios is enclosed at Annexure 6.7a-6.7c Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.27 below 69

103 Figure 6.25: Solar Park scheme in HP The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized in consultation with CEA and state constituents through Standing Committee on Power System Planning Solar Parks in Uttar Pradesh Lucknow solar power development corporation ltd. (A JVC of UPNEDA & SECI) is developing Solar power park (UMSPP) of 600MW capacity at four locations in Jalaun, Allahabad, Mirzapur & Kanpur district in Uttar Pradesh (Fig 6.28) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network 70

104 Table : Solar Park in UP S.No Solar Park Intra state Distt. Jalaun, Allahabad, Mirzapur & Kanpur Capacity (MW) 600 UPPTCL informed that Solar Power parks of 440 MW capacity is envisaged in Jalaun (265 MW), Mirzapur (50 MW), Allahabad (75 MW) and Kanpur (50 MW) districts of UP. However for balance capacity of 60MW, location & data is awaited from SECI/UP Fig 6.28: Solar Park in Uttar Pradesh (Intra State) In Jalaun (265MW), solar parks distributed among following location Parasan (75 MW) - generation available at 32 kv Gurrah (75 MW) - generation available at 32 kv Dakore (40 MW) - generation available at 32 kv Makreccha (25 MW) - generation available at 32 kv Baghauli (20 MW) - generation available at 32 kv Tikar I (0 MW) - generation available at 33 kv Tikar II (20 MW) - generation available at 33 kv Other Solar Parks are Vijaypur, Jigna (Mirzapur) (40 MW) - generation available at 32 kv 7

105 Kosda Kala, Meja (Allahabad) (75 MW) - generation available at 32 kv Gujrai, Jaunpur (Kanpur) (50 MW) - generation available at 32 kv Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from above solar parks. The power evacuation system for above solar parks will be developed by UPPCL. Transmission System for solar power parks at Jalaun, UP Augmentation of transformation capacity at 400/220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) with 2x60 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer 32 kv Parasan (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Gurrah (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Dakore (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line LILO of 32 kv Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) (400) D/c line at Baghauli (Solar Plant) 33 kv Tikar-II(Solar plant) Rahaiya (Orai) D/c line (Panther Conductor) (LILO of one ckt. at Tikar-I (Solar Plant)) 2 Nos. 33 kv line bays at Rahaiya (Orai) S/s 220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Bah (Agra) S/c line 220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Sikandera (Kanpur dehat) S/c line 220 kv Bah (Agra) Sirsaganj (Firozabad) S/c line 32 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Jalaun S/c line Transmission System for Mirzapur, Allahabad and Kanpur Solar parks 32 kv Meja Kosda Kala (Solar plant), Meja D/c line 32 kv Jigna Dadar Vijaypur (Solar plant), Mirzapur D/c line 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Jigna S/s 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Meja S/s 32 kv Gujrai (Solar Plant) Pukhraya D/c line 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Pukhraya S/s Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.29 below. 72

106 Figure 6.29: UP Solar Park scheme Solar park in Jammu J&K Energy development agency (JAKEDA) is proposed to develop a Solar power park of 00 MW capacity at Mohgarh & Badla Brahmanin Distt. Samba in Jammu & Kashmir (Fig 6.30) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 2: Solar Park in J&K S.No Solar Park Intra state Mohgarh & Badla Brahmanin Distt. Samba Capacity (MW) 00 Fig 6.30: Solar Park in J&K (Intra State) Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from Mohargarh & Badla Brahman solar parks Solar Park (near Mohagarh/Badla Brahman) Jammu 220kV D/c line Establishment of 2x00MVA, 220/32 kv Substation at Mohargarh/Badla Brahmana, 73

107 The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/JAKEDASchematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.3 below. Figure 6.3: J&K Solar Park scheme Solar Park in Uttarakhand State Industrial development corporation Uttarakhand ltd. (SIDCUL) is proposed to develop a Solar power park of 50 MW capacity at three locations in Industrial area, Sitarganj (Ph-I), Industrial area, Sitarganj (Ph-II) & Industrial area Kashipur in Uttarakhand (Fig 6.30) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 3: Solar Park in Uttarakhand S.No Solar Park Intra state Industrial area, Sitarganj (Ph-I), Sitarganj (Ph-II) & Kashipur Distt. Udham Singh Nagar Capacity (MW) 50 As no information is available for capacity of each solar park, it is assumed to distribute capacity on pro rata basis among three locations (Sitarganj Ph-I & II: 7MW each, Kashipur: 6MW) 74

108 Fig 6.32: Solar Park in Uttarakhand (Intra State) As the quantum of solar generation capacity is too less, it is preferred to absorb the power locally or transfer power to load centers on nearby 33kV network which may be finalized by STU Solar parks in Haryana Saur Urja Nigam Haryana Ltd. (SUN Haryana); a SPV between Haryana state Industrial & infrastructure development corporation (HSIIDC) and Haryana generation company limited (HPGCL) is proposed to develop a Solar power park of 500 MW capacity four locations in Bagun, Distt. Hisar, Barula & Singhani, Distt. Bhiwani and Daukhera, Distt. Mahindergarh in Haryana (Fig 6.33) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 4: Solar Park in Haryana S.No Solar Park Intra state Bagun, Distt. Hisar Barula & Singhani, Distt. Bhiwani Daukhera, Distt. Mahindergarh Capacity (MW) 500 As no information is available for capacity of each solar park, it is assumed to distribute capacity on pro rata basis among four locations (25MW capacity each) 75

109 Fig 6.33: Solar Park in Haryana (Intra State) Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from above solar parks (Four parks of 25MW capacity) Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x00 MVA Pooling station each at Bagun, Barula, Singhani and Daukhera Bagun Hisar(IA) 220kV D/c line Barula Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line Singhani Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line Daukhera Rewari 220kV D/c line The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/HVPNL Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.34 below. Figure 6.34: Haryana Solar Park scheme 76

110 6.6 Solar Parks in Eastern region 6.6. Solar parks in West Bengal West Bengal state electricity distribution company ltd. is proposed to develop Solar power park of 500 MW capacity at three locations in Distt. East Mednipur, west Mednipur & Bankura in West Bengal (Fig 6.35) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 5: Solar Park in West Bengal S.No Solar Park Intra state Distt. East Mednipur, West Mednipur & Bankura Capacity (MW) 500 As no information is available for capacity of each solar park, it is assumed to distribute total capacity on pro rata basis among three locations (East & West Mednipur : 70MW each, Bankura : 60MW) Fig 6.35: Solar Park in West Bengal (Intra State) Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from the solar parks in East & West Mednipur (70MW each) and Bankura: 60MW 77

111 Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x00 MVA Pooling station each at Bankura, East Mednipur & West Mednipur Bankura New Bishnupur 220kV D/c line East Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line West Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/WBSEDCL. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.36 below. Figure 6.36: West Bengal Solar Park scheme Solar Parks in Orissa Green Energy Development Corporation of Odisha Ltd. (GEDCOL) is proposed to develop Solar power parks of 000 MW capacity at six locations in Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul in Orissa (Fig 6.37) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 5: Solar Park in Orissa S.No Solar Park Intra state Capacity (MW) Distt. Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul 000 As no information is available for capacity of each solar park, it is assumed to distribute capacity on pro rata basis equally among six locations (Balasore : 70MW, Keonjhar:70MW, Deogarh:70MW, Boudh:70MW, Kalahandi :60MW& Angul:60MW) 78

112 Fig 6.37 Solar Park in Orissa (Intra State) Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from above solar parks Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x60 MVA Pooling station each at Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul Balasore pooling station Balasore 220kV D/c line Keonjhar pooling station Joda 220kV D/c line Deogarh pooling station Barkote 220kV D/c line Angul pooling station Meramundali 220kV D/c line Boudh pooling station Bolangir 220kV D/c line Kalahandi pooling station Therubali 220kV D/c line The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/OPTCL. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig Figure 6.38: Orissa Solar Park scheme 79

113 6.7 Solar Parks in Northern Eastern region 6.7. Solar Park in Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Development Agency (APEDA) is proposed to develop Solar power park of 00 MW capacity at Tezu, Distt. Lohit in Arunachal Pradesh (Fig 6.39) envisaged for evacuation through Inter state network Table 6: Solar Park in Ar. Pradesh S.No Solar Park Inter state Capacity (MW) Tezu, Distt. Lohit 00 Figure 6.39: Arunachal Pradesh Solar Park scheme (Inter State) Accordingly following transmission scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from above solar park Transmission System for solar power parks at Tezu, Arunachal Pradesh Stringing of 2 nd ckt of Pasighat-Roing Tezu-Namsai 32kV S/c line Tezu pool Tezu 32kV D/c line Establishment of 32/33kV, 2x50 MVA Pooling station at Tezu pool Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.40 below. Figure 6.40: Arunachal Pradesh Solar Park scheme 80

114 6.7.2 Solar Park in Meghalaya Meghalaya Power Generation Corporation Ltd. is proposed to develop a Solar power park of 20MW capacity at two locations (0MW capacity each) in Thamar, Distt. west Jaintia hills & Suchen, Distt. East Janitia hills in Meghalaya (Fig 6.4) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 7: Solar Park in Meghalaya S.No Solar Park Intra state Thamar, Distt. west Jaintia hills & Suchen, Distt. East Janitia hills Capacity (MW) 20 Fig 6.4: Solar Park in Meghalaya (Intra State) As per site survey report of M/s SECI, two substations at 33kV will be set up for solar plant of 0MW each at Thamar & Suchen. For evacuation of power from above solar parks, 33kV interconnection to Myntdu Leshka HEP (MLHEP-26MW) is proposed. Further MLHEP is proposed to be interconnected to 32kV Mustem Substation Accordingly following scheme is proposed by power deptt. Govt. of Meghalaya for the evacuation of power from the solar parks in Thamar (West Jaintia Hills : 0MW) and Suchen (East Jaintia Hills:0MW) district, Meghalaya 33kV Thamar-Myntdu Leshka HEP (MLHEP) line -30km 33kV Suchen-Myntdu Leshka HEP (MLHEP) line -0km 32kV Myntdu Leshka HEP(MLHEP - Mustem D/c line -20km 33/32kV suitable capacity transformer at Myntdu Lashka HEP(MLHEP) 8

115 Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Thamar & Suchen The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/MECL. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.42 below Solar parks in Nagaland Figure 6.42: Meghalaya Solar Park scheme Department of New & Renewable Energy (DNRE) is proposed to develop a Solar power park of 60MW capacity at three locations in Jalukie, Distt. Peren (30MW), Ganesh Nagar, Distt. Dimapur (20MW) & Zhadima, Distt. Kohima(0MW) in Nagaland (Fig 6.43) envisaged for evacuation through Intra state network Table 8: Solar Park in Nagaland S.No Solar Park Intra state Jalukie, Distt. Peren, Ganesh Nagar, Distt. Dimapur & Zhadima, Distt. Kohima Capacity (MW) 60 Fig 6.43: Solar Park in Nagaland (Intra State) 82

116 Accordingly following scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from the solar parks in Jalukie, Distt. Peren (30MW), Ganesh Nagar, Distt. Dimapur (20MW)& Zhadima (0MW), Distt. Kohima in Nagaland a. Proposed transmission system for Jalukie solar park (30MW) 33kV Jalukie solar park Jalukie 2xD/c interconnection at 33kV level Charging of Peren Jalukie Dimapur line at 32kV level (the line is agreed as a part of comprehensive scheme for strengthening of transmission & distribution in Nagaland) Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Jalukie solar park b. Proposed transmission system for Ganesh Nagar Solar Park (20MW) 33kV Ganesh Nagar Solar Park Ganesh Nagar D/c interconnection at 33kV level Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Ganesh Nagar c. Proposed transmission system for Zhadima solar park (0MW) LILO of 33kV Kohima Zhadima line at Zhadima solar park at 33kV Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Zhadima The transmission scheme is tentative and shall be finalized by CEA/Deptt. Of Power, Nagaland Solar Park in Assam A JVC of APDCL, APGCL & SECI is proposed to develop a Solar power park of 69MW capacity at Amguri, Distt. Sibsagar in Assam (Fig 6.44) envisaged for evacuation through intra state network Table 9: Solar Park in Assam S.No Solar Park Intra state Capacity (MW) Amguri, Distt. Sibsagar 69 Fig 6.44: Solar Park in Assam(Intra State) 83

117 Accordingly following scheme is proposed for the evacuation of power from the proposed solar park of 69MW capacity in Amguri, Distt. Sibsagar in Assam 32kV Amguri solar park Mariani D/c line Establishment of 32/33kV, 2x50 MVA Pooling station at Amguri The transmission scheme is tentative and will be finalized by CEA/AEGCL. Schematic of proposed transmission scheme is enclosed at Fig-6.45 below. Figure 6.45: Assam Solar Park scheme 6.8 Summary of Proposed Transmission Schemes Summary of Transmission scheme for various Solar Parks is shown at Table 20 as under Table 20: Proposed Transmission scheme for solar parks S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme Ananthpur (NP Kunta) Andhra Pradesh (500MW) Phase-I (250 MW) LILO of 400KV Kadapa(Cuddapah) Kolar S/c line at NP Kunta Pooling station 2 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station x25 MVAR Bus Reactor at NP Kunta Pooling station ±00 MVAR STATCOM at 400kV NP Kunta Pooling station Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at NP Kunta Pooling station Phase-II (750 MW) LILO of Hindupur- Kadapa(Cuddapah) 400kV D/c (quad) line at NP Kunta Pooling station 6 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station Phase-III (500 MW) Augmentation of transformation capacity at NP Kunta station with 4th, x500 MVA, 400/220kV transformer 4 nos. 220kV line bays at NP Kunta Pooling Station 84

118 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 2 Gani/Panyam, Distt. Kurnool,AP (000MW) Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Gani/Panyam 400kV Gani/Panyam - Kurnool D/c line (Quad) 400kV Jammalamadugu/ Kondapuram - Gani/Panyam D/c line (Quad) 3 Mailavaram solar park, Distt. Kadapa,AP (000MW), 4 Talaricheruvu solar park, Distt. Anantpur, AP (500MW) 2x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Panyam Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Mailavaram Mailavaram - Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (Quad) line x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Mailavaram Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV Substation at Talaricheruvu LILO of Uravakonda Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (quad) line at Talaricheruvu 5 Pavagada Taluk, Tumkur, Karnataka(2000MW) x25 MVAr Bus reactors at Talaricheruvu Phase-I (000 MW) LILO of 400kV Gooty Madhugiri D/c at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station LILO of 400kV Bellary Pool Madhugiri D/c (Quad)(both circuits)[kptcl line] at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station* Tumkur Pooling station - Hiriyur 400 kv D/c Establishment of 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV Pooling station at Tumkur (Pavagada) along with x25mvar bus reactor 8 Nos. 220kV Line bays at Tumkur PS for Solar Interconnection Phase-II Part-A Hiriyur Mysore 400 kv D/c line $ Augmentation of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformer at Tumkur(Pavagada) Pooling station x25mvar bus reactor (2 nd ) at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station Third 400/220 kv, x500 MVA transformer at Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur) x80 MVAR switchable Line reactor at Mysore end of Hiriyur- Mysore D/c for each circuit. $ with the completion of this line, it would be connected with Tumkur(Pavagada) Pooling station Hiriyur 400 kv D/c line near Hiriyur to form Tumkur(Pavagada) Mysore D/c direct line 85

119 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 6 Gattu solar park, Dist.. Mehboob nagar, Telangana (500MW) Part-B Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station- Devanahally (KPTCL) 400kV D/c(Quad) Establishment of 3x200 MVA, 220/32KV Substation at Gattu Gattu solar park Veltoor 220kV D/c line Gattu solar park - Themajipet 220kV D/c line 7 Distt. Kasargode, Kerala (500MW) Establishment of 3x200MVA, 220/32KV pooling Substation at Kasargode Kasargode pool Kasargode 220kV 2xD/c line 8 Banaskantha, Gujarat (700MW) 9 Rewa, Madhya Pradesh (750MW) Kasargode Wayanad 400kV D/c line 400kV Banaskantha (Radhanesda) pooling station Banaskantha (PG) D/c 2 nos. 400 kv line bays at Bansakanta(PG) Establishment of 400/220kV, 3x500 MVA Pooling station at Rewa LILO of Vindhyachal Jabalpur 400kV 2nd D/c line (circuit-3&4) at Rewa Pooling Station 0 Agar (250MW), Rajgarh (250MW) & Shajapur (250MW), MP x25 MVAr bus reactor at Rewa Pooling Station 6 Nos. 220kV Line bays at Rewa Pooling station(for its interconnection with solar park) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv Pooling station at/near Jeerapur LILO of both circuits of RAPP Shujalpur 400 kv D/c at Jeerapur Pooling station X25 Mvar, 420 kv Bus Reactor at Jeerapur Pooling station 220kV line bays (0 nos) for solar park interconnections Chhatarpur Solar park (500MW), MP Shujalpur (PG) -Shujalpur (MP) 2nd 220 kv D/C line or another 220kV outlet from Shujalpur (PG) towards Ashta/other load center** ** to be implemented as intra state by MPPTCL Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv substation at Bijawar LILO of Satna Bina 400kV (st) D/c line at Bijawar. (There are four 400kV circuits between Satna and Bina out of which one is proposed to be LILOed at Sagar (MPPTCL) Substation. This LILO is on one D/c out of the above three remaining 400kV circuits between Satna and Bina). X25 Mvar, 420 kv Bus Reactor at Bijawar pooling station. 4 nos. 220kV line bays for termination of LILO of both ckts of Tikamgarh - Chatarpur 220 kv D/c line. Space for 4 nos. of 220kV line bays for solar park 86

120 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme interconnections 2nd circuit stringing of 220kV Tikamgarh Chhatarpur line** 2 Neemuch solar park (500MW)&Mandsaur solar park (250MW), MP LILO of Tikamgarh - Chhatarpur 220 kv D/c line(both circuits) at Bijawar PS** ** to be implemented as intra state scheme Mandsaur solar park (250MW) 400/220kV Sitamau (Mandsaur) substation Mandsaur - Nagda 400kV D/c line Interim arrangement 220kV D/c line from Solar Park Pooling station to crossing point of Bhanpura- Badod 220kV line Neemuch solar park (500MW), MP 400/220kV Sitamau (Mandsaur) substation Mandsaur - Nagda 400kV D/c line 220kV Ratangarh Pooling station 3 Morena solar park (250MW) MP 4 Guru Mega solar park (500MW) &Maharashtra 5 MAHAGENCO Solar park (500MW), Maharashtra Proposed Intra state transmission scheme is under developers scope as connectivity transmission system (Agreed in western region standing committee meeting) Establishment of 2x500 MVA, 400/220 kv substation at Village Balsane LILO of one ckt. of 400 kv Dhule - Sardar Sarovar D/C lineat 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s. 220 kv Shivajinagar - Balsane Pooling S/s. D/C line LILO of 220 kv Dhule - Dondaicha S/C at 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s. 6 K.P.Power Solar park (500MW), Maharashtra 7 Rajnandgaon & Janjgir Champa Chhattisgarh (500MW) Establishment of 3x200 MVA, 220/32kV substation at Patoda pooling station Upgradation of 32kV Kharda S/s. to 220kV with 2 x 00MVA 220/32 kv ICTs Patoda (existing) - Patoda Pooling station 220kV D/c line Patoda Pooling - Kharda -Jeur 220kV D/c line LILO of one ckt of 32 kv Ashti -Kharda D/c at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s LILO of 32 kv Beed Raimoha S/c line at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s. Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x200 MVA Pooling station each at Rajnandgaon & Janjgir Champa Rajnandgaon Bhilai 220kV D/c line 87

121 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 8 Bhadla Ph-II, Rajasthan (680MW) Janjgir Champa Mopka 220kV D/c line 400kV Bhadla Bikaner D/c line (Quad) 400kV Ramgarh Bhadla (PG) D/c line LILO of one ckt of Jodhpur Merta D/c line at Bhadla Establishment of 400/220kV, 3x500MVA Station at Bhadla 9 Bhadla Ph-III, Rajasthan (500MW) Establishment of 765/400/220kV (765/400kV: 3x500MVA, 400/220kV : 3x500 MVA) Pooling Station at Bhadla (PG) 765kV Bhadla (PG) Bikaner (PG) D/c 20 Bhadla Ph-IV, Rajasthan (250MW) 2 Essel Saurya, Phalodi/Pokharan, Rajasthan(750MW) 22 Fatehgarh,Jasialmer Rajasthan (000MW) 400kV Bhadla (PG)- Bhadla (RVPN) D/c (Quad) 2 nos. 400kV & 4 nos. 220kV line bays line bays at Bhadla (PG) x240 MVAr switchable line reactor at each end (each ckt) of the 765kV Bhadla(PG)- Bikaner(PG) D/c line x240 MVAr (765kV) & x25mvar (400kV) Bus reactor at Bhadla Pooling Station Establishment of 400kV Pooling Station at Fatehgarh (with a provision to upgrade at 765kV level) 765kV Fatehgarh Pool - Bhadla (PG) D/c line (initially to be operated at 400kV) 23 Himachal Pradesh (000MW) 2 nos. 400kV line bays at Fatehgarh PS 2 nos. 400kV line bays at Bhadla (PG) x25 MVAR Bus reactor at 400kV Fatehgarh pooling station Alternative-I Spiti Valley Pooling point Jangi400kV D/c line Establishment of 400/220kV, 3X500 MVA Transformers at Spiti valley Wangtu pool Panchkula 400 kv D/c line (Quad) 25 MVAR bus reactor at Spiti Valley pooling station Alternative-II Spiti Valley Pooling point Wangtu +/- 325 kv D/c VSC based HVDC Bi-pole line Establishment of +/-325 kv, 3X500 MW HVDC Bi-pole Terminals at Spiti Valley &Wangtu pool 24 Jalaun, Mirzapur, Allahabad & Kanpur, UP (600MW) Wangtu Pooling Panchkula 400 kv D/c line (Quad) Transmission System for solar power parks at Jalaun Augmentation of transformation capacity at 400/220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) with 2x60 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer 88

122 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 32 kv Parasan (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Gurrah (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Dakore (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line 32 kv Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line LILO of 32 kv Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) (400) D/c line at Baghauli (Solar Plant) 33 kv Tikar-II(Solar plant) Rahaiya (Orai) D/c line (Panther Conductor) (LILO of one ckt. at Tikar-I (Solar Plant)) 2 Nos. 33 kv line bays at Rahaiya (Orai) S/s 220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Bah (Agra) S/c line 220 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Sikandera (Kanpur dehat) S/c line 220 kv Bah (Agra) Sirsaganj (Firozabad) S/c line 32 kv Bhadrekhi (Orai) Jalaun S/c line Transmission System for Mirzapur, Allahabad and Kanpur Solar parks 25 Mohargarh & Badla Brahman solar parks, Distt. Samba, J&K (00MW) 26 Bugan (Distt. Hisar), Baralu & Singhani (Distt. Bhiwani) & Daukhera Mahindergarh), Haryana (500MW) (Distt. 27 Distt. East Mednipur, West Mednipur & Bankura, West Bengal 32 kv Meja Kosda Kala (Solar plant), Meja D/c line 32 kv Jigna Dadar Vijaypur (Solar plant), Mirzapur D/c line 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Jigna S/s 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Meja S/s 32 kv Gujrai (Solar Plant) Pukhraya D/c line 2 Nos. 32 kv line bays at Pukhraya S/s Solar Park (near Mohagarh/Badla Brahman) Jammu 220kV D/c line Establishment of 2x 00MVA, 220/32 kv Substation at Mohargarh/Badla Brahmana, Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x00 MVA Pooling station each at Bagun, Barula, Singhani and Daukhera Bagun Hisar(IA) 220kV D/c line Barula Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line Singhani Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line Daukhera Rewari 220kV D/c line Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x00 MVA Pooling station each at Bankura, East Mednipur & West Mednipur Bankura New Bishnupur 220kV D/c line 89

123 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme (500MW) East Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line 28 Distt. Balasore,Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul, Orissa (000MW) 29 Arunachal Pradesh (00MW) 30 Thamar (Distt. West Jaintia Hills and Suchen (Distt. East Jaintia Hills), Meghalaya (20MW) West Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line Establishment of 220/32kV, 2x60 MVA Pooling station each at Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul Balasore pooling station Balasore 220kV D/c line Keonjhar pooling station Joda 220kV D/c line Deogarh pooling station Barkote 220kV D/c line Angul pooling station Meramundali 220kV D/c line Boudh pooling station Bolangir 220kV D/c line Kalahandi pooling station Therubali 220kV D/c line Stringing of 2nd ckt of Pasighat-Roing Tezu-Namsai 32kV S/c line Tezu pool Tezu 32kV D/c line Establishment of 32/33kV, 2x50 MVA Pooling station at Tezu pool 33kV Thamar-Myntdu Leshka HEP (MLHEP) line 33kV Suchen-Myntdu Leshka HEP (MLHEP) line 32kV Myntdu Leshka HEP(MLHEP - Mustem D/c line 33/32kV suitable capacity transformer at Myntdu Lashka HEP(MLHEP) 3 Distt. Dimapur, Kohima & New Peren, Nagaland (60MW) Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Thamar & Suchen Transmission system for Jalukie solar park 33kV Jalukie solar park Jalukie 2xD/c interconnection at 33kV level Charging of Peren Jalukie Dimapur line at 32kV level (the line is agreed as a part of comprehensive scheme for strengthening of transmission & distribution in Nagaland) Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Jalukie solar park Transmission system for Ganesh Nagar Solar Park 33kV Ganesh Nagar Solar Park Ganesh Nagar D/c interconnection at 33kV level Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Ganesh Nagar Transmission system for Zhadima solar park LILO of 33kV Kohima Zhadima line at Zhadima solar park at 33kV Establishment of 33kV Pooling station at Zhadima 90

124 S.No. Solar Park Transmission Scheme 32 Amguri, Assam (69MW) 32kV Amguri solar park Mariani D/c line Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Establishment of 32/33kV, 2x50 MVA Pooling station at Amguri ** TN solar park - site under revision, Uttarakhand (50MW) to be evacuated at distribution level (33kV &downstream ) Note : ) No intra state transmission scheme is identified for solar park in Tamil Nadu as Site for solar park is under revision 2) In Uttarakhand, quantum of solar generation capacity is too less (50MW among 3 locations), it is preferred to absorb the power by nearby load centres through 33kV & downstream network 3) Transmission scheme for Mandsaur & Neemuch solar park in MP is under implementation by MPPTCL in Green Energy Corridor-I 4) Transmission scheme for Bhadla Ph-II solar park in Rajasthan is existing/under implementation as part of intra state scheme for RE projects coming up in 2 th plan 5) Transmission scheme for Morena solar park is under developers scope. Hence no intra state strengthening is required further 6) In addition to above identified Interstate transmission scheme for all above Solar parks, there would be strengthening requirement at Intra state level at 220kV and below voltage level for power absorption which shall be identified by respective STUs in due course 9

125 ESTIMATED COST CHAPTER 7

126 Chapter-7 Estimated Cost Cost of the proposed inter-state & intra state transmission system strengthening scheme, for proposed solar power parks in various states have been estimated. Real time measurement and monitoring of RE generation is an important aspect of managing its variability & uncertainty. Therefore, in order to measure system state at the point of common coupling on real time basis, it is proposed to provide installation of Phasor measurement Units (PMU) at all Solar pooling stations. These PMUs shall be integrated with respective Phasor Data concentrators (PDCs), already being implemented as part of Unified real time Dynamic State measurement scheme. Further to facilitate reliable communication between Solar Pooling Station and Control Centre, Installation of Fibre Optic communication links are proposed. Cost of Fibre Optic along with communication system is included in the line cost. Establishment of Renewable Energy Management centre at seven (7) RE rich state co-located with respective SLDCs as well as RLDC/NLDC for forecasting and real time monitoring of RE generation including for envisaged solar power parks also, is already covered as part of earlier Green Energy Corridors scheme, therefore cost for the same is not covered in this part Cost estimate for transmission scheme of various solar parks, DPR cost wherever available,is taken as reference such as for inter state solar power parks (NP Kunta, Tumkur Ph-I, Ph-II (Part-A), Bhadla & Banaskantha). For other solar parks in Inter state and Intra state, broad cost estimate is tentative as on Apr 6 price level. 7. Southern region 7.. Solar Park in Andhra Pradesh NP Kunta Solar Park (500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for NP Kunta Ultra Mega Solar park (500 MW) is as under: 92

127 Table 7.: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for NP Kunta Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Cr) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Cr) A NP Kunta Solar Park Ph-I (250MW). LILO of 400KV Kadapa (Cuddapah) - Kolar S/c line at NP Kunta 2. 3x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformers at NP Kunta x25 MVAR Bus Reactor at NP Kunta ±00 MVAR STATCOM at NP Kunta Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) LS kV transformer bays (3) -400kV line bays (2) -400kV Bus reactor bay () -400kV STATCOM bay () -220kV transformer bays (3) -220kV LineBays (2) -220kV Bus Coupler+Transfer Bus Coupler( each) - Substation establishment cost Sub Total (Rs Cr) 273. IDC and Centages (@8%) 49.5 B Total (Rs Cr) - A Say 322 NP Kunta Solar Park Ph-II (750MW). LILO of 400kV Kadapa(Cuddapah)-Hindupur 400kV D/c line (Quad) ( ) kV line bays (4) -220kV Line Bays (6) LS 42 Sub Total (Rs Cr) 78 IDC and Centages (@8%) 2.48 C Total (Rs Cr) - B Say 90 Kadapa Solar Park (500MW) 4 th x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformers at NP Kunta kV Tr. bay () -220kV Tr. bay () -220kV Line Bays (4) LS 7 Sub Total (Rs Cr)

128 Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Cr) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Cr) IDC and Centages 6.8 Total (Rs Cr) C Say 38 Grand Total (A+B+C) 450 Gani/Panyam Solar Park (000MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Gani Solar park (000 MW) is as under: Table 7.2: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Gani/Panyam Line Length S.N. Transmission Lines Unit Cost Cost (Cr) (Km)/ Nos.. 400kV Gani/[Panyam] - Kurnool D/c line (Quad) kV Jammalamadugu/ Kondapuram - Gani/Panyam D/c line (Quad) x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Gani/Panyam 4. 25MVAR Bus Reactor Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) LS kV transformer bays (3) -400kV line bays (8) -400KV Bus Reactor Bays(2) -220kV transformer bays (3) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total(Rs Cr) IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 502 Cr Mailavaram Solar Park (000MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Mailavaram Solar park (000 MW) is as under: Table 7.3: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Mailavaram S.N. Transmission Lines 400kV Mailavaram - Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (Quad) line Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Mailavaram MVAR Bus Reactor

129 S.N. Transmission Lines 4 Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) -400kV transformer bays (3) -400kV line bays (4) -400KV Bus Reactor Bays() -220kV transformer bays (3) -Substation establishment cost S.N. Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) LS 0 Sub Total(Rs Cr) Total Cost (Cr.) IDC 8% Say 432 Cr Talaricheruvu Solar Park (500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Talaricheruvu Solar park (500 MW) is as under: Table 7.4: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Talaricheruvu Transmission Lines LILO of Uravakonda Kondapuram (Jammalamadugu) D/c (quad) line at Talaricheruvu Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Talaricheruvu 3 25MVAR Bus Reactor Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) LS kV transformer bays (2) -400kV line bays (4) -400KV Bus Reactor Bay() -220kV transformer bays (2) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total(Rs Cr) IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 222 Cr 7..2 Solar Park in Karnataka (Tumkur: 2000MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Tumkur Ultra Mega Solar park (2000 MW) is as under: Table 7.5: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Tumkur Sl. No. Elements Phase-I Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). 400kV Tumkur( Pavagada) Pool - Hiriyur D/c

130 Sl. No. Elements 2. LILO of 400KV Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur) - Gooty D/c line at Tumkur(Pavagada) 3. LILO of 400KV Tumkur (Vasantnarsapur) - Bellary Pool D/c Quad line at Tumkur(Pavagada) Length (kms)/ Nos Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) M/C Line: 54 km D/C Quad Line: 0.7 km D/C Twin Line: 0.3 km Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Tumkur(Pavagada) 5. x25mvar bus reactor at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station /220kV Tumkur (Pavagada) PS LS kV transformer bays (3) -400kV line bays () -400 bus reactor bay () -220kV transformer bays (3) -220kV Line Bay (8) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages 23.6 Total (Rs Cr) -A Say 80 Cr Phase-II (Part-A) Hiriyur Mysore 400 kv D/c line Augmentation of 2x500 MVA, 400/220KV transformer at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station 3 400/220kV, 3 rd 500 MVA transformer at Tumkur(Vasantnarsapur) 4 x25mvar bus reactor (2 nd ) at Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling Station 5 x80 MVAR switchable Line reactor each at Mysore end of Hiriyur- Mysore D/c line Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) -400kV transformer bays (3) -400kV line bays (2) -400 bus reactor bay () -220kV transformer bays (3) LS 59 Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages Total (Rs Cr)-B Say 394 Cr Phase-II (Part-B). Tumkur (Pavagada) Pooling station- Devanhally (KPTCL)400kV D/c (Quad) kV line bays Sub Total (Rs Cr)

131 Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) Total with IDC and Centages 48.6 Total (Rs Cr)-C 38.6 Say 39 Cr Total (Rs Cr)-A+B +C Solar Park in Telangana (Gattu: 500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Gattu Solar park (500 MW) is as under: Table 7.6: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Gattu Line Length S.N. Transmission Lines Unit Cost Cost (Cr) (Km)/ Nos.. Gattu solar park Veltoor 220kV D/c line Gattu solar park Themajipet 220kV D/c line x 200 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer at Gattu Substation Bays (220kV & 32kV) LS kV transformer bays (3) -220kV line bays (8) -32kV transformer bays (3) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total(Rs Cr) 82 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 25 Cr 7..4 Solar Park in Kerala (Kasargode: 500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Solar parks in Kasargode (about MW) is as under: Table 7.7: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Kasargode Line Length S.N. Transmission Lines Unit Cost Cost (Cr) (Km)/ Nos.. Kasargode pool Kasargode 220kV 2xD/c line Kasargode Wayanad 400kV D/c line Establishment of 3x200MVA, 220/32KV pooling Substation at Kasargode 4. Substation Bays (400kV,220kV& 32kV) -220kV transformer bays (3) -400kV line bays (4) -220KV line Bays(8) LS 00 97

132 S.N. Transmission Lines -32kV transformer bays (3) -Substation establishment cost Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Unit Cost Cost (Cr) Sub Total(Rs Cr) IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 697 Cr 7.2 Western region 7.2. Solar Park in Gujarat (Banaskantha: 700MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Banaskantha Ultra Mega Solar park (700 MW) is as under: Table 7.8: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Banaskantha S.N. Transmission Lines. 400kV Banaskantha (new) - Banaskantha (220/400/765kV GEC S/s) D/c Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) kV line Bays at Banaskantha (PG) Solar Park in Madhya Pradesh S.N. Sub Total (Rs Cr) 3.85 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 56Cr Rewa Solar Park (750MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Rewa Ultra Mega Solar park (750 MW) is as under: Table 7.9: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Rewa Transmission Lines. LILO of Vindhyachal - Jabalpur 400kV D/c at Rewa pooling station Line Length (Km)/ Nos. 59 (27km D/c +5km M/c) Unit Cost Cost (Cr) x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Rewa MVAR Bus Reactor

133 S.N. Transmission Lines 4. Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) -400kV transformer bays (3) -400kV line bays (4) -400KV Bus Reactor Bay() -220kV transformer bays (3) -220kV Line Bay (6) -220kV Bus Coupler+Transfer Bus Coupler( each) Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) LS Substation establishment cost LS 25 Sub Total(Rs Cr) IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 322 Cr Agar (250MW), Rajgarh (250MW)& Shajapur (250MW) Solar Parks Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Agar, Rajgarh & Shajapur (total 750 MW) is as under Table 7.0: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Agar, Rajgarh & Shajapur S.N. Transmission Lines. LILO of both circuits of RAPP Shujalpur 400 kv D/c at Jeerapur Pooling station Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Jeerapur MVAR Bus Reactor Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) LS kV transformer bays (2) -400kV line bays (4) -400KV Bus Reactor Bay() -220kV transformer bays (2) -220kV Line Bay (0) -220kV Bus Coupler+Transfer Bus Coupler( each) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total(Rs Cr) 94.4 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 229Cr Chhatarpur Solar Park (500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Chhatarpur is as under 99

134 S.N. Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Table 7.: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Chhatarpur Transmission Lines Inter State. LILO of Satna Bina 400kV (st) D/c line at Bijawar Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Bijawar MVAR Bus Reactor Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) LS kV transformer bays (2) -400kV line bays (4) -400KV Bus Reactor Bay() -220kV transformer bays (2) -220kV Line Bay (4) - Substation establishment cost Sub Total(Rs Cr) 8.6 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.)-Inter State Say 24Cr Intra State. 2nd circuit stringing of 220kV Tikamgarh Chhatarpur line 2. LILO of Tikamgarh - Chhatarpur 220 kv D/c line(both circuits) at Bijawar PS Sub Total(Rs Cr) 44.4 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.)-Intra state Say 52Cr Solar Park in Maharashtra Guru Mega (500MW) & MAHAGENCO (500MW) Solar Park Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Guru Mega (500MW) & MAHAGENCO (500MW) is as under Table 7.2: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Guru Mega & MAHAGENCO S.N. Transmission Lines. LILO of one ckt. of 400 kv Dhule - Sardar Sarovar D/C lineat 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s. Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) kv Shivajinagar - Balsane Pooling D/c line LILO of 220 kv Dhule - Dondaicha S/C at 400 kv Balsane Pooling S/s x 500 MVA, 400/220 kv transformer at Balsane MVAR Bus Reactor

135 S.N. S.N. Transmission Lines 6. Substation Bays (400kV & 220kV) -400kV transformer bays (2) -400kV line bays (2) -400KV Bus Reactor Bay() -220kV transformer bays (2) -220kV Line Bay (6) - Substation establishment cost Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) LS 00 Sub Total(Rs Cr) 7.7 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 203Cr K.P.Power Solar Park (500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for K.P Power (500MW) is as under Table 7.3: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for K.P Power Transmission Lines. Patoda (existing) - Patoda Pooling station 220kV D/c line Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) Patoda Pooling - Kharda -Jeur 220kV D/c line LILO of one ckt of 32 kv Ashti -Kharda D/c at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s 4. LILO of 32 kv Beed Raimoha S/c line at 220 kv Patoda Pooling S/s x 200 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer at Patoda 3 Pool x 00 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer at Kharad Substation Bays (220kV& 32kV) LS kV transformer bays (5) -220kV line bays (4) -32kV transformer bays (5) -32kV Line Bay (4) - Substation establishment cost Sub Total(Rs Cr) 87.4 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 28Cr Solar Park in Chhattisgarh (500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for solar Power park in Chhattisgarh (500MW) is as under 0

136 Table 7.4: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for solar park in Chhattisgarh Line Length S.N. Transmission Lines Unit Cost Cost (Cr) (Km)/ Nos.. Janjgir Champa Mopka 220kV D/c line Rajnandgaon Bhilai 220kV D/c line x 200 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer at Rajnandgaon& Bhilai Substation Bays (220kV & 32kV) LS kV transformer bays (4) -220kV line bays (8) -32kV transformer bays (4) - Substation establishment cost Sub Total(Rs Cr) 69.4 IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.) Say 200Cr 7.3 Northern region 7.3. Solar Park in Rajasthan (Bhadla & Jaisalmer: 2500MW) In Rajasthan, Solar parks of total 2500MW capacity is being developed at two site locations (Bhadla Solar park: 500MW; Fatehgarh solar park: 000MW). To transfer/evacuation of power from above solar parks, following Inter-state transmission system strengthening for has been identified. A) Bhadla Solar Park (500MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Bhadla Solar Park (500 MW) is as under: Table 7.5: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for solar park in Bhadla Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). 765kV Bhadla (PG) Bikaner (PG) D/c kV Bhadla (PG)- Bhadla (RVPN) D/c (Quad) x240 MVAR Bus Reactor at Bhadla (PG)

137 Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) 4. x25 MVAR Bus Reactor at Bhadla (PG) x240 MVAR switchableline Reactor at Bhadla (PG) & Bikaner(PG) 6. 3X500 MVA, 765/400 KV Transformer X500 MVA, 400/220 KV Transformer Substation Bays (765kV, 400kV & 220kV) LS kV line bays (4) -765kV transformer bays (3) -400kV transformer bays (6) -400kV line bays (6) -765kV Bus Reactor Bay() -400KV Bus Reactor Bay() -220kV transformer bays (3) -220kV Line Bay (4) -220kV Bus Coupler+Transfer Bus Coupler( each) 9. Substation establishment cost LS 35 Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages Total (Rs Cr) Say 40 Cr B) Fatehgarh Solar Park (000MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Fatehgarh Ultra Mega Solar park (000 MW) is as under: Table 7.6: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Fatehgarh solar park Sl. No. Elements. 765kV Fatehgarh Pool - Bhadla (PG) D/c line (initially to be operated at 400kV) 2. x25 MVAR Bus Reactor at Fatehgarh pooling station 3. Substation Bays (400kV) -400kV line bays (4) -400KV Bus Reactor Bay() Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) LS Substation establishment cost LS 30 03

138 Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages Total (Rs Cr) Say 548 Cr Solar Park in Himachal Pradesh (000MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for HP Solar park (000MW) is as under: Sl. No. Table 7.7(a): Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for HP solar park Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). Wangtu-Panchkula 400kV D/c line Spiti Valley - Wangtu +/-325 kv HVDC bipole line x500 MW, +/-500 KV bipole HVDC station X500 MVA, 400/220 KV Transformer Substation Bays (400kV) LS 0-400kV line bays (4) -400KV transformer bays (3) -220KV transformer bays (3) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages Total (Rs Cr) Say 3084 Cr Table 7.7(b): Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for HP solar park Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). Spiti Valley PP-Jangi 400kV D/c line Wangtu-Panchkula 400kV D/c line X500 MVA, 400/220 KV Transformer Substation Bays (400kV) -400kV line bays (8) LS 40 04

139 Sl. No. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos -400KV transformer bays (3) -220KV transformer bays (3) -Substation establishment cost Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages (about Total (Rs Cr) Say 787 Cr Solar Park in Uttar Pradesh (600MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for UP Solar park (000MW) is as under Table 7.8: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Jalaun solar park S.N. Transmission Lines. Bhadrekhi (Orai) Bah (Agra) 220kV S/c line 2. Bhadrekhi (Orai) Sikandera (Kanpur dehat) 220kV S/c line 3. Bah (Agra) Sirsaganj (Firozabad) 220kV S/c line Parasan (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) 32kV D/c line Gurrah (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) 32kV D/c line Dakore (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) 32kV D/c line Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) 32kV D/c line 8. Bhadrekhi (Orai) Jalaun 32kV S/c line 9. LILO of 32 kv Makreccha (Solar plant) Bhadrekhi (Orai) D/c line at Baghauli (Solar Plant) 0. Tikar-II (Solar plant) Rahaiya (Orai) 33kV D/c line (Panther Conductor). LILO of one ckt. 33 kv Tikar-II (Solar plant) Rahaiya (Orai) D/c line at Tikar-I (Solar Plant) 2. Augmentation of transformation capacity at Bhadrekhi (Orai) with 2x60 MVA, 220/32 kv transformer Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr)

140 S.N. Transmission Lines 3. Substation Bays (220kV, 32kV & 33kV) -220kV line bays (6) -32kV line bays (22) -33kV line bays (6) -220KV transformer bays (2) -32KV transformer bays (2) Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Unit Cost Cost (Cr) 30 Sub Cost (Cr) IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.)-A Say 290 Cr Table 7.9: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for other solar parks in UP S.N. Transmission Lines kv Meja Kosda Kala (Solar plant) D/c line 32 kv Jigna Dadar Vijaypur (Solar plant) D/c line Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) kv Gujrai (Solar Plant) Pukhraya D/c line Substation Bays kV line bays (6) Solar Park in Haryana (500MW) Sub Cost (Cr) IDC 8% Total Cost (Cr.)-B Say 46 Cr Total estimated cost (A+B): Rs 336 Cr Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Solar parks in Haryana (500MW) is as under Table 7.20: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for other solar parks in Haryana S.N. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). Bagun Hisar(IA) 220kV D/c line Barula Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line Singhani Mahindergarh 220kV D/c line

141 S.N. Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) 4. Daukhera Rewari 220kV D/c line X00 MVA, 220/32kV Transformer at Bagun, Barula, Singhani and Daukhera Substation Bays (220kV & 32kV) LS kV line bays (6) -220KV transformer bays (8) -32KV transformer bays (8) -Substation establishment cost (4) Sub Total (Rs Cr) 36.4 Total with IDC and Centages Total (Rs Cr) Say 373 Cr Solar Park in Jammu (00MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Jammu Solar park (00MW) is as under Table 7.2: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Jammu solar park S.N. Transmission Lines. Solar Park (near Mohagarh/Badla Brahman) Jammu 220kV D/c line Line Length (Km)/ Nos. Unit Cost Cost (Cr) X00 MVA, 220/32 KV Transformer Substation Bays (220kV & 32kV) LS KV transformer bays (2) -32kV transformer bays (2) -220kV line bays (4) -Substation establishment cost Sub Cost (Cr) IDC 8% 3. Total Cost (Cr.)-B Say 86 Cr 7.4 Eastern region 7.4. Solar Park in West Bengal Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Solar parks in West Bengal (500MW) is as under: 07

142 Table 7.22: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for WB solar park Sl. No Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) Bankura New Bishnupur 220kV D/c line East Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line West Mednipur Kharagpur 220kV D/c line X00 MVA, 220/32kV Transformer at Bankura, East Mednipur & West Mednipur Substation Bays (220kV & 32kV) LS 0-220kV line bays (2) -220KV transformer bays (2) -32KV transformer bays (2) -Substation establishment cost (3) Sub Total (Rs Cr) 229 Total with IDC and Centages 4.22 Total (Rs Cr) Say 270 Cr Solar Park in Orissa Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Solar parks in Orissa (000MW) is as under: Table 7.23: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Orissa solar park Sl. No. Elements. Balasore pooling station Balasore 220kV D/c line Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) Keonjhar pooling station Joda 220kV D/c line Deogarh pooling station Barkote 220kV D/c line 4. Angul pooling station Meramundali 220kV D/c line 5. Boudh pooling station Bolangir 220kV D/c line

143 Sl. No. Elements 6. Kalahandi pooling station Therubali 220kV D/c line 7. 2X60 MVA, 220/32kV Transformer at Balasore, Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs) Substation Bays (220kV & 32kV) LS kV line bays (24) -220KV transformer bays (2) -32KV transformer bays (2) -Substation establishment cost (6) Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages Total (Rs Cr) Say 646 Cr 7.5 North Eastern region 7.5. Solar Park in Arunachal Pradesh (00MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Ar. Pradesh Solar park (00MW) is as under: Sl. No. Table 7.24: Cost estimates of the proposed inter-state transmission scheme for Ar. Pradesh solar park Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). Tezu pool Tezu 32kV D/c line Stringing of 2nd ckt of Pasighat-Roing Tezu- Namsai 32kV S/c line X50 MVA, 32/33 KV Transformer Substation Bays (32 & 33kV) LS 60-32kV line bays (0) -32KV transformer bays (2) -33KV transformer bays (2) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total (Rs Cr) 88.7 Total with IDC and Centages 5.96 Total (Rs Cr) Say 05 Cr Solar Park in Meghalaya (20MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Meghalaya Solar Park (20MW) is as under: 09

144 Sl. No. Green Energy Corridor -II: Part-A Table 7.25: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Meghalaya solar park Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). Thamar - Myntdu Leshka 33kV line Suchen - Myntdu Leshka 33kV line Myntdu Leshka - Mustem 32kV D/c line /33 KV Transformer ay MLHEP (assumed x50mva) Substation Bays (32kV& 33kV) LS 55-32kV line bays (4) -33kV line bays (8) -32KV transformer bays () -33KV transformer bay () -Substation establishment cost (2) Sub Total (Rs Cr) 72.2 Total with IDC and Centages 2.99 Total (Rs Cr) 85.9 Say 85 Cr Solar Park in Nagaland (60MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme forsolar parks in Nagaland (60MW) is as under: Sl. No. Table 7.26: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Nagaland solar park Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). Jalukie solar park Jalukie 33kV 2xD/c line Charging of Peren Jalukie Dimapur line at 32kV level Ganesh Nagar solar park Ganesh Nagar33kV D/c line 4. LILO of 33kV Kohima Zhadima line at Zhadima solar park 5. Substation Bays (32kV & 33kV) LS 90-32kV line bays (8) -33kV line bays (4) -Substation establishment cost (3) Sub Total (Rs Cr) 9.25 Total with IDC and Centages 2.46 Total (Rs Cr) 40.7 Say 4 Cr 0

145 7.5.4 Solar Park in Assam (69MW) Details of cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Solar parks in Assam (69MW) is as under: Sl. No. Table 7.27: Cost estimates of the proposed intra-state transmission scheme for Assam solar park Elements Length (kms)/ Nos Unit Cost (Rs. Crs) Total tentative Cost (Rs. Crs). Amguri solar park Mariani 32kV D/c line x50MVA, 32/33 KV Transformer AT Amguri Substation Bays (32 & 33kV) LS 40-32kV line bays (4) -32KV transformer bays (2) -33KV transformer bays (2) -Substation establishment cost Sub Total (Rs Cr) Total with IDC and Centages 0.23 Total (Rs Cr) Say 67 Cr 7.6 Summary of Cost Estimate Summary of estimated cost of all above Interstate & Intra state transmission schemes for proposed solar parks in various states is tabulated as under: S.No. Solar Park A Southern Region. Andhra Pradesh (Location: Anantpur & Kadapa) Solar Park (MW) Estimated Cost Inter State (Rs Cr) Estimated Cost Intra State (Rs Cr) 2. Andhra Pradesh (Location: Kurnool) 3. Andhra Pradesh (Location: Kadapa) 4. Andhra Pradesh (Location: Anantpur) Karnataka (Location : Tumkur) Telangana (Location: Mehboob Nagar) Kerala (Location: Kasargode) Total capacity ( MW) Total (SR)

146 S.No. Solar Park B Western Region. Gujarat (Location: Banaskantha) 2. Madhya Pradesh (Location: Rewa) 3. Madhya Pradesh (Location: Agar, Rajgarh & Shajapur ) Solar Park (MW) Estimated Cost Inter State (Rs Cr) Estimated Cost Intra State (Rs Cr) 4. Madhya Pradesh (Location: Chhatarpur ) Maharashtra ( Location: Sakri, Distt. Dhule) 6. Maharashtra ( Location: Dondaicha, Distt. Dhule) 7. Maharashtra ( Location: Beed) 8. Chhattisgarh (Location : Rajnandgaon & Jangir Champa) Total (WR) C Northern Region. Rajasthan (Location: Bhadla Ph-III, Bhadla) Rajasthan (Location: Bhadla Ph-IV, Bhadla) 3. Rajasthan (Location: Phalodi/Pokharan) 4. Rajasthan (Location: Fatehgarh, Distt. Jaisalmer) 5. Himachal Pradesh (Location : Lahul & Spiti) 6. Uttar Pradesh (Location : Jalaun, Allahabad, Mirzapur & Kanpur) 7. Haryana ( Location : Hisar, Bhiwani & Mahindergarh) 8. Jammu & Kashmir (Location : Samba) (Total capacity in ISTS 000MW) (Alternative-II)

147 S.No. Solar Park Solar Park (MW) Estimated Cost Inter State (Rs Cr) Estimated Cost Intra State (Rs Cr) Total (NR) D Eastern Region. West Bengal (Location : E.Mednipur, W.Mednipur & Bankura) 2. Orissa (Location : Balasore,Keonjhar, Deogarh, Boudh, Kalahandi & Angul) Total (ER) 96 E North Eastern Region. Arunachal Pradesh (Location : Tezu) 2. Meghalaya (Location : Thamar & Suchen) 3. Nagaland (Location: Dimapur, Kohima & New Peren) Assam (Location : Amguri) Total Grand Total Note : ) No intra state transmission scheme is identified for solar park in Tamil Nadu as Site for solar park is under revision 2) In Uttarakhand, quantum of solar generation capacity is too less (50MW among 3 locations), it is preferred to absorb the power by nearby load centres through 33kV & downstream network 3) Transmission scheme for Mandsaur & Neemuch solar park in MP is under implementation by MPPTCL in Green Energy Corridor-I (connectivity system is under solar park developer scope) 4) Transmission scheme for Bhadla Ph-II solar park in Rajasthan is existing/under implementation as part of intra state scheme for RE projects coming up in 2 th plan 5) Transmission scheme for Morena solar park is under developers scope. Hence no intra state strengthening is required further 6) In addition to above identified Interstate transmission scheme for all above Solar parks, there would be strengthening requirement at Intra state level at 220kV and below voltage level for power absorption which shall be identified by respective STUs in due course 3

148 Provision of Intra State Transmission strengthening for absorption of power within states and large scale energy Storage as part of Control Infrastcrture (Rs 2000Cr Cr), may also be kept. #For Lump Sum in above cost estimate, following is considered 400kV bay: Rs 7.5 Cr, 220kV bay: Rs 4.2 Cr, 32kV bay: Rs 3.4 Cr, 33kV bay: Rs Cr (at Apr 6 price level); Substation establishment cost: 400kV: Rs35 Cr, 220kV: Rs 25 Cr, 32kV: Rs 0 Cr (Assumption) Note: The above estimated cost are indicative only valid at Apr 6 price level. The cost of transmission line may vary depending on various factor viz. Wind Zone, type of terrain, availability of right of way, number of River/Railway/Road crossing, accessibility of the terrain, Law & order situation, etc. The cost of sub-station may vary depending on the shape & size of substation land, orientation and layout of the substation etc. 4

149 CHAPTER 8 STRATEGY FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSMISSION DEVELOPMENT

150 Chapter-8 Strategy Framework for Transmission Development 8. Strategy Framework for Transmission Development for Solar Gestation period of solar power project is short in comparison to development of its transmission facilities. Further, the capacity utilization factor for solar generation is low resulting into high transmission tariff. In view of the above, Transmission development for solar generation faces two critical issues i.e. matching implementation period (Generation vis-a-vis Transmission) as well as transmission tariff. This chapter provides strategy framework for addressing above two issues through suitable Implementation and financing strategy. 8.2 Implementation Strategy Generally transmission system for Solar Power Park is categorized as External & Internal Transmission (Fig-8.): External Transmission: It includes setting up of 220/400kV pooling stations contiguous to the solar park, 220kV interconnections within the park as well as off -take transmission arrangements at 220kV or 400kV level for grid integration. Development of external transmission facility is generally taken care by the STU/Transmission licensees. Internal Transmission: This includes right from interconnection of Solar PV module through Inverter and interconnections at kv or 33kV level, then stepping up to 33kV or 66kV level and interconnecting to the pooling station of external transmission facility. Development of such internal transmission facility is generally in the scope of developers/implementing agency including communication, SCADA and Control infrastructure within the park. 5

151 Fig-8.: Transmission for Solar Park Gestation period for a solar power project is only about 2-8 months depending upon the capacity & location and infrastructure developmental requirements of the site. However development of transmission especially external transmission takes considerable time vis-a-vis generation. More so if transmission system strengthening works at ISTS level, being developed through competitive tariff based bidding, need about years time. In view of the above, efforts should be made for faster implementation of the associated transmission works for RE, avoiding generation bottleneck. For this, land for pooling station for external transmission should be contiguous to the Solar Park and should be handed over by the JVC/implementing agency to the CTU/Tr.licensee at the earliest. In addition, JVC should immediately apply for Grant of Connectivity and Long Term Access (LTA) as per the CERC regulation to the CTU so that requisite approvals like Standing Committee/Regional Power Committee and CERC regulatory approvals may be obtained in time, which are prerequisites to start the implementation works. 8.3 Financing Strategy As commonly known, capacity utilization factor of renewable generation especially Solar is quite low i.e. about 8-22%; vis-a-vis thermal generation- about 75-80% and hydro around 40%. As a result cost of transmission per unit of renewable energy is very high. It is estimated that cost of transmission built for RES generation 6

152 would be about double the cost of that built for a conventional hydro-thermal mix of generation. Further, the generation tariff for solar energy itself is higher than Average Pooled Power costs; therefore consumers should not be burdened additionally with higher transmission tariff. In order to rationalize transmission tariff for solar generation, there is a need to develop transmission system through soft concessional loans, partial grants etc., to lessen burden on account of transmission investments/tariffs. For Intra State system strengthening, 40% grant through NCEF, 40% concessional loans from multilateral funding agencies may be provided. As per the MNRE scheme for ultra-mega solar parks, Central Financial Assistance (CFA)of 20 lakh/mw shall be provided by the SECI/MNRE for development of solar parks and for development of external transmission system. This will be apportioned in the ratio of 60:40 i.e. 2 lakh/mw or 30% of the project cost, whichever is lower may be provided to the solar power park developers (SPPDs) towards development of solar parks and Rs 8 lakh/mw or 30% of the project cost, whichever is lower will be provided to the CTU or STU towards development of external transmission system. Such scheme would rationalize transmission tariffs to some extent and be continued in future also. Further, funding of transmission schemes through soft concessional loans of multi-lateral or bilateral funding agencies should also be arranged. However, at the same time, due to compressed time schedules for development of transmission schemes, expeditious clearance requirement for approval of loans/procurement etc. from multilateral/bilateral funding agencies should be devised. 7

153 CHAPTER 9 WAY FORWARD