SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings. Reduced friction for reduced energy use

Transcription

1 SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings Reduced friction for reduced energy use

2 Contents The SKF brand now stands for more than ever before, and means more to you as a valued customer. While SKF maintains its leadership as a high-quality bearing manufacturer throughout the world, new dimensions in technical advances, product support and services have evol ved SKF into a truly solutions-oriented supplier, creating greater value for customers. These solutions enable customers to improve productivity, not only with breakthrough application-specific products, but also through leading-edge design simulation tools and consultancy services, plant asset efficiency maintenance program mes, and the industry s most advanced supply management techniques. The SKF brand still stands for the very best in rolling bearings, but it now stands for much more. SKF the knowledge engineering company SKF Energy Efficient bearings Engineered to promote sustainability Reduce friction reduce energy consumption... 3 Longer service life lowers cost of ownership SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings Test results Frictional moment Operating temperature... 5 Grease service life... 5 Application Recommendation Main applications Determining the fatigue life using life equations Calculating the frictional moment Determining the service life of the grease... 6 Relubrication Product Data Designs... 8 Seals and grease fill Cages Bearing data... 9 Dimensions and tolerances Load carrying capacity Permissible speed Internal clearance... 9 Locking methods Grub screws Eccentric locking collar SKF ConCentra locking Mounting and dismounting Designations and package identification

3 SKF Energy Efficient bearings Engineered to promote sustainability As the need to conserve energy grows more apparent every day, any technology that enables even a small reduction in energy consumption is big news. Drawing on over 100 years of engineering knowledge and unmatched expertise in the field of tribology and related sciences, SKF has created a new, low-friction performance class. Reduce friction reduce energy consumption The SKF Energy Efficient (E2) performance class is characterized by a minimum 30% reduction in the bearing s frictional moment when compared to an SKF basic design bearing. This substantial friction reduction reaches values of at least 50% in the Y-bearings within this performance class featured by a new contacting seal, developed on purpose, and a new, low-friction grease. Longer service life lowers cost of ownership Optimized to reduce frictional losses in the bearing, SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings can last as long as comparably basic design bearings. Depending on the operating conditions, the bearing can run up to 30 C (55 F) when compared to an SKF basic design bearing. This will increase the service life of the grease, with the potential to also prolong bearing service life. SKF Energy Efficient bearings are dimensionally interchangeable with SKF basic design bearings enabling, easy upgrades of existing applications as well as improving the energy efficiency of new applications. SKF E2 Y-bearings are available in the YAR 2, YET 2 and YSP 2 series in both metric and inch sizes. YET 2 3

4 SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings Test results Tests conducted at SKF testing laboratories measured the frictional moment and the bearing operating temperature of SKF Energy Efficient bearings under various operating conditions to simulate common Y-bearing applications such as industrial fans, conveyors and textile machineries. Frictional moment The frictional moment of SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings was measured on different sizes and under various speeds. When compared with the frictional moment of standard SKF Y-bearings, the E2 bearings showed, a reduction of at least 50% and up to 75% ( Diagram 1). Diagram 1 Frictional moment [%] size 204 Frictional moment [%] size 207 Frictional moment [%] size 209 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0, Speed [r/min] Speed [r/min] Speed [r/min] basic design SKF E2 4

5 Operating temperature The operating temperatures of SKF Energy Efficient bearings and SKF basic design bearings were measured at certain speeds and compared ( Diagram 2). The tests showed that when compared to an SKF basic design bearing, the SKF E2 bearings run anywhere from 5 to 30 C (40 to 85 F) cooler, depending on speed. Grease service life Reducing the heat generated by a bearing has a significant impact on grease service life. As a rule of thumb, reducing the operating temperature by 15 C (59 F) doubles the service life of the grease. However, other factors that increase or decrease service life must be taken into consideration and include ambient and actual operating temperature, load, speed and misalignment. Diagram 3 shows the influence of temperature on grease service life. Diagram 2 Operating temperature [ C] size 204 Operating temperature [ C] size 207 Operating temperature [ C] size basic design Speed [r/min] Speed [r/min] Speed [r/min] SKF E2 Grease life [%] Diagram 3 Influence of operating temperature on grease service life Reduction of operating temperature [ C] 5

6 Application Recommendation Main applications The SKF E2.Y-bearings are intended for those applications where the energy consumption is an important issue and the bearings are exposed to low to moderate contaminated environments. Typical applications of E2 Y-bearings range are: industrial fans conveyors textile machinery Determining the fatigue life using life equations The method used to determine fatigue life is the same for both SKF E2 Y-bearings and standard SKF Y-bearings. SKF recommends using the SKF rating life equations as described in the SKF General Catalogue or the SKF Interactive Engineering Catalogue available online at Calculating the frictional moment Calculating the frictional moment for SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings can only be done with the calculation tools provided in the SKF Interactive Engineering Catalogue available online at Determining the service life of the grease The service life of the grease in SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings can be estimated using Diagram 4. The estimate is based on an L 10 grease life. This is defined as the period of time, at the end of which, 90% of a sufficiently large group of seemingly identical bearings are still reliably lubricated. The diagram provides grease life estimates based on operating temperature and speed. It is valid under the following operating conditions: horizontal shaft very light to moderate loads (P 0,05 C) stationary machine low vibration levels If operating conditions differ, the grease life obtained from the diagram has to be adjusted: For vertical shafts, use 50% of the value from the diagram For heavier loads (P > 0,05 C), use the reduction factor listed in table 1 The values for adjusting the grease life are estimates. Vibration can have a negative influence on grease life. The extent cannot be quantified, and the influence increases with increasing operating temperature. For additional information, refer to SKF rolling bearing catalogue section Lubrication or contact the SKF application engineering service Reduction factor for the grease life, depending on the load Load P 0,05 C 1 0,1 C 0,7 0,125 C 0,5 0,25 C 0,2 Reduction factor Table 1 6

7 Relubrication The good performance of the seal combined with the cooler running and the extended grease life enable SKF E2 Y-bearings to operate without relubrication under normal operating conditions. In particular SKF E2 Y-bearings do not need relubrication when the grease life exceeds the SKF rating life of the bearing. Relubrication can anyway extend bearing service life under any of the following conditions: Grease life for SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings where load P = 0,05 C Grease life L 10 [h] n d m = n d m = Diagram 4 The bearings are exposed to high humidity or severe contamination The bearings accommodate normal or heavy loads The bearings operate for extended periods at high speeds above 75 C (170 F) The bearings are subjected to high vibration levels (120) (140) (160) (175) (195) (210) (230) (250) Operating temperature [ C ( F)] n = rotational speed [r/min] d m = mean diameter [mm] table 2 The SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings can be relubricated through the lubrication holes positioned 120 apart on the outer ring. To relubricate the SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings the low-friction grease SKF LEGE 2 has to be used. When relubricating, the shaft should be turned and grease should be pumped slowly until fresh grease starts to escape from the seal(s). Excessive pressure from pumping too quickly can damage the seals. 7

8 Product Data SKF Energy Efficient (E2) Y-bearings are available in the YAR 2, YET 2 and SKF Con- Centra YSP 2. SKF E2.YAR 2 and E2.YET 2 series bearings are available for metric shafts from 20 to 45 mm and for inch shafts from 3 /4 to 1. 3 /4 inches. SKF ConCentra E2.YSP 2 series bearings are available for metric shafts from 25 to 45 mm and for inch shafts from 1 to /16 inches. Additions to the assortment will be based on customer demand. For the most up-todate information, contact your local SKF representative or visit Designs Seals and grease fill SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings are supplied with a new contact seal developed on purpose on both sides ( fig. 1). This seal minimize the frictional moment while providing effective sealing in less contaminated environments. The seal is made of NBR and is sheet steel reinforced. The lip has an innovative thin and flexible design. It is fitted in a recess on the outer ring and sealed against the inner ring shoulder. The sheet steel insert protects against solid contaminants. Depending on the bearing series, the sealing effect can be enhanced by additional plain sheet steel flingers. Bearings in the YET 2 series are equipped with the new contact seal. Bearings in the YAR 2 and YSP 2 series are equipped with the new contact seal and with a plain sheet steel flinger on both sides, improving the sealing effect without increasing friction. The flingers have an interference fit on the inner ring and do not increase friction. Fig. 1 The SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings are supplied filled with a special low-noise, lowfriction SKF grease ( Table 2). The grease is not identified in the bearing designation. The good performance of the seal combined with the cooler running and the extended grease life enable SKF E2 Y-bearings to operate without relubrication under normal operating conditions. When necessary, they can be relubricated through the outer ring. Table 2 Technical specifications of SKF GE2 grease for capped double row angular contact ball bearings Grease Temperature range 1) Thickener Base oil type C NLGI consistency class Base oil viscosity [mm 2 /s] at 40 C at 100 C (105 F) (210 F) GE2 Lithium soap Synthetic , F ) Refer to the SKF traffic light concept 8

9 Cages SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings are fitted with a ball centred snap-type cage made of a temperature-resistant glass fibre reinforced composite polymer. The cage design is not identified in the bearing designation. Bearing data Dimensions and tolerances SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings are dimensionally interchangeable and are manufactured according to the same tolerance class with same-size basic design. Load carrying capacity SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings have the same basic dynamic and static load ratings as SKF Y-bearings with same-size basic design. Permissible speed SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings should not operate at speeds above the limiting speed listed in the product tables. For Y-bearings with grub screws or an eccentric locking collar, the permissible speed is influenced by the shaft tolerance. When using these bearings on shafts with wider tolerances than h6, compare the speed values listed in the product tables with those in table 3. The lower value is the permissible speed. For applications operating at elevated speeds or when low vibration levels or quiet running are required, use SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings in SKF ConCentra series. Permissible speeds for Y-bearings with grub screws or an eccentric locking collar Bearing size 1) r/min Permissible speed for shafts machined to tolerance class h7ve h8ve h9ve h11ve ) For example: bearing size 06 includes all bearings based on a Y 206 bearing, such as YAR 206-2F, YAR F, YAR F, YAR F, YAR F Radial internal clearance for Y-bearings Bearing size 1) Radial internal clearance of Y-bearings in the series E2.YAR 2, E2.YET 2 E2. YSP 2 from to min. max. min. max. - mm Table 3 Table 4 Internal clearance SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings in the YAR 2 and YET 2 series are manufactured with a radial internal clearance in accordance with Group N ISO 9628:2006. SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings in the YSP 2 series are manufactured with a radial internal clearance in accordance with Group 3 ISO 9628:2006 ( Table 4). 9

10 Locking methods The SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings are offered with three different locking methods. Grub screws This locking method, is based on two grub screws positioned 120 a part on the inner ring ( fig. 2). The locking is achieved by tightening the two cup point hexagonal grub screws with the recommended torques. This method enables very easy mounting and dismounting, even if space is limited. This locking method is typically used in applications where the shaft alternates direction of rotation. Eccentric locking collar This locking method, allowing an easy and quick mounting and dismounting, is provided by a locking collar acting on the eccentric extension made on one side of the inner ring ( fig. 3). The locking is achieved by turning the locking collar in the direction of rotation till the system is locked. A single grub screw further secures the locking collar to the shaft. Even if the eccentric locking collar is preferably used for applications where the shaft rotates in one direction only, it can be used for alternating directions as well especially when loads and speeds are low. SKF ConCentra locking This SKF patented method, enables a true concentric locking on the shaft ( fig. 4). It allows an easy, quick and reliable mounting and it is recommended for demanding applications in term of loads and speeds. The SKF ConCentra method, is the best solution to solve locking issues like fretting corrosion or locking loosening. Thanks to the true concentric locking the bearing limiting speeds are not affected by the shaft tolerance and the maximum values can be achieved even using commercial grade shafts obtaining always low levels of both vibration and noise. Mounting and dismounting When mounting Y-bearings on a shaft, suitable tools should be used. For SKF ConCentra Y-bearings, mounting kits are available from SKF (designation ), which include mounting instructions, hexagonal keys and torque indicators. SKF ConCentra mounting kit has to be ordered separately from the bearing or unit. The correct tightening torque is achieved when the long end of the hexagonal key comes in contact with the torque indicator ( fig. 5). For additional information about mounting and dismounting SKF ConCentra Y-bearings, refer to the SKF ConCentra ball bearings and units brochure (PUB BU/P _EN April 2012). Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 10

11 Designations and package identification The designations for SKF Energy Efficient Y-bearings follow the basic SKF designation system. However, the prefix E2 has been added to avoid confusion. SKF E2 bearings are supplied in a new box marked SKF Energy Efficient bearing. 11

12 Y-bearings with grub screws, metric shafts d mm C D B r 1 r 2 d d 1 s 1 Dimensions Basic load ratings Fatigue Limiting load limit speed dynamic static with shaft tolerance d D B C d 1 s 1 r 1,2 C C 0 P u h6 Mass Designation mm min kn kn r/min kg ,2 18,3 0,6 12,7 6,55 0, ,14 E2.YAR 204-2F , ,7 19,8 0,6 14 7,8 0, ,19 E2.YAR 205-2F , ,7 22,2 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,30 E2.YAR 206-2F , ,1 25,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,44 E2.YAR 207-2F , ,8 30,2 1 30,7 19 0, ,59 E2.YAR 208-2F , ,8 30,2 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,65 E2.YAR 209-2F 12

13 Y-bearings with grub screws, inch shafts d 3 / /4 in. C D B r 1 r 2 d d 1 s 1 Dimensions Basic load ratings Fatigue Limiting load limit speed dynamic static with shaft tolerance d D B C d 1 s 1 r 1,2 C C 0 P u h6 Mass Designation in./mm mm min kn kn r/min kg 3 / ,2 18,3 0,6 12,7 6,55 0, ,14 E2.YAR F 19,05 7 / , ,7 19,8 0,6 14 7,8 0, ,21 E2.YAR F 22, / , ,7 19,8 0,6 14 7,8 0, ,2 E2.YAR F 23, , ,7 19,8 0,6 14 7,8 0, ,18 E2.YAR F 25,4 1 1 / , ,7 22,2 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,34 E2.YAR F 26, / , ,7 22,2 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,32 E2.YAR F 28, / , ,7 22,2 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,29 E2.YAR F 30, / , ,7 22,2 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,27 E2.YAR F 31, , ,1 25,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,5 E2.YAR F 1 5 / , ,1 25,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,47 E2.YAR F 33, / , ,1 25,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,44 E2.YAR F 34, / , ,1 25,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,41 E2.YAR F 36, , ,8 30,2 1 30,7 19 0, ,68 E2.YAR F 1 1 / , ,8 30,2 1 30,7 19 0, ,64 E2.YAR F 38, , ,8 30,2 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,82 E2.YAR F 1 9 / , ,8 30,2 1 30,7 19 0, ,6 E2.YAR F 39, / , ,8 30,2 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,75 E2.YAR F 41, / , ,8 30,2 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,71 E2.YAR F 42, / , ,8 30,2 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,67 E2.YAR F 44,45 13

14 Y-bearings with an eccentric locking collar, metric shafts d mm C B 1 r 2 r 1 D d 2 d d 1 B s 1 Dimensions Basic load ratings Fatigue Limiting load limit speed dynamic static with shaft tolerance d D B B 1 C d 1 d 2 s 1 r 1,2 C C 0 P u h6 Mass Designation mm min kn kn r/min kg , ,2 32,4 24,0 0,6 12,7 6,55 0, ,16 E2.YET , ,7 37,4 23,5 0,6 14 7,8 0, ,19 E2.YET ,8 35, ,7 44,1 26,7 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,30 E2.YET ,4 38, ,1 51,1 29,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,44 E2.YET ,2 43, ,8 56,5 33,2 1 30,7 19 0, ,60 E2.YET ,2 43, , ,7 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,66 E2.YET

15 Y-bearings with grub screws, inch shafts d 3 / /4 in. C B 1 r 2 r 1 D d 2 d d 1 B s 1 Dimensions Basic load ratings Fatigue Limiting load limit speed dynamic static with shaft tolerance d D B B 1 C d 1 d 2 s 1 r 1,2 C C 0 P u h6 Mass Designation in./mm mm min kn kn r/min kg 3 / , ,2 32,4 24 0,6 12,7 6,55 0, ,16 E2.YET , , ,7 37,4 23,5 0,6 14 7,8 0, ,18 E2.YET ,4 1 1 / ,8 35, ,7 44,1 26,7 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,32 E2.YET , / ,8 35, ,7 44,1 26,7 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,3 E2.YET , / ,8 35, ,7 44,1 26,7 0,6 19,5 11,2 0, ,27 E2.YET , ,4 38, ,1 51,1 29,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,48 E2.YET / ,4 38, ,1 51,1 29,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,43 E2.YET , / ,4 38, ,1 51,1 29,4 1 25,5 15,3 0, ,4 E2.YET , / ,2 43, ,8 56,5 33,2 1 30,7 19 0, ,62 E2.YET , / ,2 43, , ,7 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,69 E2.YET , / ,2 43, , ,7 1 33,2 21,6 0, ,65 E2.YET ,45 15

16 SKF ConCentra ball bearing, metric shafts d mm C B 1 D d 2 d d 1 s 1 Dimensions Basic load ratings Fatigue load limit dynamic static Limiting speed Mass Designation d D B 1 1) C d 1 d 2 s 1 1) C C 0 P u mm - - kn kn r/min kg ,7 41,7 21,0 14 7,8 0, ,18 E2.YSP 205 SB-2F , ,0 19,5 11,2 0, ,3 E2.YSP 206 SB-2F , , ,3 25,5 15,3 0, ,44 E2.YSP 207 SB-2F , , ,9 30,7 19 0, ,59 E2.YSP 208 SB-2F , ,5 33,2 21,6 0, ,64 E2.YSP 209 SB-2F 1) Width/distance before the grub screw is tightened (sleeve and inner ring bore at starting position). 16

17 SKF ConCentra ball bearing, inch shafts d /16 in. C B 1 D d 2 d d 1 s 1 Dimensions Basic load ratings Fatigue load limit dynamic static Limiting speed Mass Designation d D B 1) 1 C d 1 d 2 s 1) 1 C C 0 P u in./mm mm kn r/min kg ,7 41, ,8 0, ,18 E2.YSP SB-2F 25,4 1 3 / , ,5 11,2 0, ,29 E2.YSP SB-2F 30, / , , ,3 25,5 15,3 0, ,49 E2.YSP SB-2F 31, / , , ,3 25,5 15,3 0, ,44 E2.YSP SB-2F 34, / , , ,3 25,5 15,3 0, ,41 E2.YSP SB-2F 36, / , , ,9 30,7 19 0, ,58 E2.YSP SB-2F 38, / , ,5 33,2 21,6 0, ,69 E2.YSP SB-2F 42,863 1) Width/distance before the grub screw is tightened (sleeve and inner ring bore at starting position). 17

18 SKF the knowledge engineering company From the company that invented the selfaligning ball bearing more than 100 years ago, SKF has evol ved into a knowledge engin eering company that is able to draw on five technology platforms to create unique solutions for its custom ers. These platforms include bearings, bearing units and seals, of course, but extend to other areas including: lubricants and lubrication sys tems, critical for long bearing life in many appli cations; mecha tronics that combine mech anical and electron ics knowledge into systems for more effective linear motion and sensorized solutions; and a full range of ser vices, from design and logistics support to con dition monitoring and reliability systems. Though the scope has broadened, SKF continues to maintain the world s leadership in the design, manufacture and marketing of rolling bearings, as well as complementary products such as radial seals. SKF also holds an increasingly important position in the market for linear motion products, highprecision aerospace bearings, machine tool spindles and plant maintenance services. The SKF Group is globally certified to ISO 14001, the international standard for envi r- o n mental management, as well as OHSAS 18001, the health and safety manage ment standard. Individual divisions have been ap proved for quality certification in ac cordance with ISO 9001 and other customer specific requirements. With over 120 manufacturing sites worldwide and sales companies in 70 countries, SKF is a truly international corporation. In addition, our distributors and dealers in some locations around the world, an e-business marketplace and a global distri bution system put SKF close to customers for the supply of both products and services. In essence, SKF solutions are available wherever and whenever customers need them. Over all, the SKF brand and the corporation are stronger than ever. As the knowledge engin eering company, we stand ready to serve you with world-class product competencies, intellectual resources, and the vision to help you succeed. Airbus photo: e x m company, H. Goussé Evolving by-wire technology SKF has a unique expertise in the fast-growing bywire technology, from fly-by-wire, to drive-bywire, to work-by-wire. SKF pioneered practical flyby-wire technology and is a close working partner with all aerospace industry leaders. As an example, virtually all aircraft of the Airbus design use SKF by-wire systems for cockpit flight control. SKF is also a leader in automotive by-wire technology, and has partnered with automotive engineers to develop two concept cars, which employ SKF mechatronics for steering and braking. Further by-wire develop ment has led SKF to produce an all-electric forklift truck, which uses mechatronics rather than hydraulics for all controls. Seals Bearings and units Lubrication systems Mechatronics Services 18

19 Harnessing wind power The growing industry of wind-generated electric power provides a source of clean, green electricity. SKF is working closely with global industry leaders to develop efficient and trouble-free turbines, providing a wide range of large, highly specialized bearings and condition monitoring systems to extend equipment life of wind farms located in even the most remote and inhospitable environments. Working in extreme environments In frigid winters, especially in northern countries, extreme sub-zero temperatures can cause bearings in railway axleboxes to seize due to lubrication starvation. SKF created a new family of synthetic lubricants formulated to retain their lubrication viscosity even at these extreme temperatures. SKF knowledge enables manufacturers and end user customers to overcome the performance issues resulting from extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold. For example, SKF products are at work in diverse environments such as baking ovens and instant freezing in food processing plants. Developing a cleaner cleaner The electric motor and its bearings are the heart of many household appliances. SKF works closely with appliance manufacturers to improve their products performance, cut costs, reduce weight, and reduce energy consumption. A recent example of this cooperation is a new generation of vacuum cleaners with substantially more suction. SKF knowledge in the area of small bearing technology is also applied to manufacturers of power tools and office equipment. Maintaining a 350 km/h R&D lab In addition to SKF s renowned research and development facilities in Europe and the United States, Formula One car racing provides a unique environment for SKF to push the limits of bearing technology. For over 60 years, SKF products, engineering and knowledge have helped make Scuderia Ferrari a formidable force in F1 racing. (The average racing Ferrari utilizes around 150 SKF components.) Lessons learned here are applied to the products we provide to automakers and the aftermarket worldwide. Delivering Asset Efficiency Optimization Through SKF Reliability Systems, SKF provides a comprehensive range of asset efficiency products and services, from condition monitoring hardware and software to maintenance strategies, engineering assistance and machine reliability programmes. To optimize efficiency and boost productivity, some industrial facil ities opt for an Integrated Maintenance Solution, in which SKF delivers all ser vices under one fixed-fee, performance-based contract. Planning for sustainable growth By their very nature, bearings make a positive contribution to the natural environment, enabling machinery to operate more efficiently, consume less power, and require less lubrication. By raising the performance bar for our own products, SKF is enabling a new generation of high-efficiency products and equipment. With an eye to the future and the world we will leave to our children, the SKF Group policy on environment, health and safety, as well as the manufacturing techniques, are planned and implemented to help protect and preserve the earth s limited natural resources. We remain committed to sustainable, environmentally responsible growth. 19

20 Seals Mechatronics Bearings and units Services Lubrication systems The Power of Knowledge Engineering Drawing on five areas of competence and application-specific expertise amassed over more than 100 years, SKF brings innovative solutions to OEMs and production facilities in every major industry worldwide. These five competence areas include bearings and units, seals, lubrication systems, mechatronics (combining mechanics and electronics into intelligent systems), and a wide range of services, from 3-D computer modelling to advanced condition monitoring and reliability and asset management systems. A global presence provides SKF customers uniform quality standards and worldwide product availability. SKF is a registered trademark of the SKF Group. SKF Group 2012 The contents of this publication are the copyright of the publisher and may not be reproduced (even extracts) unless prior written permission is granted. Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication but no liability can be accepted for any loss or damage whether direct, indirect or consequential arising out of the use of the information contained herein. PUB BU/P EN July 2012 skf.com