Improvement of Power Losses On Transmission Line Using Unified Power Flow Controller (Upfc) For Street Lighting Requirement
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1 Improvement of Power Losses On Transmission Line Using Unified Power Flow Controller (Upfc) For Street Lighting Requirement Indra Jaya, Phd Student in Study Program of Civil Engineering of Hasanuddin University And lecturer of electrical engineering department of Hasanuddin University & Nadjamuddin Harun, Professor in electrical engineering department of Hasanuddin University & Muh. Tola, Professor in electrical engineering department of Hasanuddin University & dan Wihardi Tjaronge, Professor in civil engineering department of Hasanuddin University Abstract This paper presents improvement of power losses on transmission lines using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for street lighting requirement. In the operating system, power losses on transmission line can be improved (reduced) to increase the generation capacity by controlling the parameters of line (ie; line reactance, the sending end and receiving end of the voltage bus and the phsase angle), To day, parameters of line can be controlled simultaneously or separately using UPFC that placed between 2 bus on the line transmission. The research is implemented in western South Sulawesi transmission system (Sulselbar) of Indonesia using Neplan Software. Simulation results of UPFC at 4 points on the transmission line, indicates that the voltage at each bus has improved, the total of power losses in the system has decreased, the production of reactive power the generator side down, and increased system power factor. Thus the UPFC can be a solution of system development without having to generation reschedule or change of line topology, and improvement of power losses results can be used to other load requirements and particularly street lighting load Key word: Unified power flow controller, Power losses, NEPLAN Introduction Development of electric power system can not be separated from the plant and the addition of new transmission network expansion. But for the area / city that is rapidly growing is a problem that is quite complex and complicated. To increase the capacity of the power generation side, the short term solution is to improve the transmission network loadability of transmission line by reducing power losses through the control parameters of the transmission line (impedance line, the sender and receiver of the voltage, phase angle). The Power addition of results by reducing of power losses can be used to supply a certain load, especially street lighting load. In Indonesia, street lighting owned the city /county and the cost of electrical power derived from the street lighting tax (PPJ), which is collected from each customer in the electric power company of state (PT PLN), which set a maximum of 10% per month of the total of electricity cost per customer Tax according Rochmat Soemitro are people stew to the state treasury under the law (which can be enforced) by not having to get a direct reciprocal services are balanced. This is because the tax function is budgetary, ie put as much money into the state treasury and at the time will be used to finance state expenditures. This situation suggests that funds should not be used PPJ entirely to finance everything related to street lighting. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) as a power electronics-based controllers and versatile can reduce of power losses in the system by controlling the parameters of transmission lines (line impedance, the sender and receiver of the voltage, phase angle) simultaneously or separately [1], it can even improve the system performance in both steady state and transient [2]. In addition UPFC > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 19
2 operation can be changed from one state to another without having to reschedule of generation or change the network topology [3]. The high cost of street lighting electricity and demand for improved of performance system, the city/county and the PT. PLN can cooperate through reward of mutually beneficial of both parties through the provision and utilization of UPFC Review of Literature 1. Control of Power flow Conventionally, the power flow (real power P and reactive power Q) on the transmission line can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the transmission lines (line reactance X, sender voltage V S and receiver V R, and phase angle), corresponding power transfer equation as follows [4 ]: VS VR P sin X (1) VS VR Q (1 Cos ) X Control by conventional means can only be done separately (not simultaneously). With the rapid advancement of semiconductor technology, control of power flow on the transmission line can be carried out simultaneously or separately, which is known as the Unified Power flow controller (UPFC) 2. Basic Structure of UPFC The basic structure of UPFC, consists of 2 pieces of Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC), which are connected to a common dc link through dc storage capacitor. Each Converter is connected to the system through a coupling transformer. Converter 1 is connected in parallel with the transmission line through a shunt transformer (Boosting Transformer) and is known as Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), while the converter 2 is connected in series with the transmission line through a series transformer (Exciting Transformer) and is known as a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) [5]. For details see Figure 1 Figure 1. UPFC circuit arrangement Figure 1, shows that the two converters are operated from a common dc link through the dc storage capacitor. Converter 2 (series converter) works by injecting Vpq voltage magnitude and phase angle are controllable, while converter 1 (shunt converter) supplying active power of transmission line required by the converter 2 via the common dc link, this condition can lead to series converter to exchange power active and reactive transmission line [6]. Each converter in figure 1, can generate or absorb reactive power at each of its ac terminal. Converter 1 serves to maintain a constant dc voltage by controlling of voltage phase through exchange of active power, also controls the voltage of the ac terminal on shunt transformer through exchange of reactive > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 20
3 power with the line, while the converter 2 by its injection voltage can control the active and reactive power control with transmission line. 3. Modeling and operation of UPFC Figure 2 shows a modeling of UPFC, with series injection voltage source V SE and shunt voltage source V SH, and has a series reactance X SE and shunt X SH respectively, X L is the reactance of the transmission line [7]. Figure 2. Modeling of UPFC To understand the operation of shunt converter V SH and series converter V SE, modeling of UPFC in figure 2 can be seen from 2 sides, namely a. Operation with V SE is disconnected Figure 3. Modeling of UPFC without VSE In figure 3 shows modeling UPFC without V SE (V SE is disconnected). If the phase angle of V SH leading to the V S, and the magnitude V SH > V S, V SH generates the active and reactive power, otherwise if the phase angle V S leading to the V SH, and V S > V SH, V SH consumes the active and reactive power. If the magnitude of V SH < V S and phase angle between them are the same, V SH consuming of reactive power only, otherwise if V SH > V S, V SH generates the reactive power only. This situation shows that by controlling the amplitude and phase angle of V SH, the direction of power flow can be controlled, so that the shunt voltage source V SH can serve as a load or generator in the power system b. Operation with V SH is Disconnected In figure 4 shows modeling of UPFC without V SH (V SH is disconnected). If V SE leads to transmission line current I with phase angle difference of 90 degrees, V SE generates the reactive power only. Conversely, then V SE consumes reactive power. The above operation are identical with a series capasitor /series inductor in the transmission line. > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 21
4 Figure 4. Modeling of UPFC without V SH Simulation by Neplan Software This study is a qualitative study with the object of research is the street light and power system of Suselbar. The research strategy resolved by performing of power system simulations using software NEPLAN and simulation results were analyzed according to the research objectives. The stages in this study is structured as follows: 1. Draw the power system of Sulselbar Neplan Software provides workspace, symbol window and menu bar option to draw the elements of system, while doing data entry on the data input dialog that accompanies each of element. This data is available in Table 1 and Table 2. Image results shown in Figure 6[8]. Table 1. Data of Generation and Load of Sulselbar Power System During peak load * Bus Generator Load Name of Bus No. MW MVAR MW MVAR 1 Tallo Lama Tello Bosowa Pangkep Barru Pare Pare Pinrang Polmas Bakaru (4.00) Majene Mamuju Suppa Sidrap Makale Palopo Soppeng Sengkang Bone Sinjai Bulukumba Jeneponto Tallasa Sungguminasa Tanjung Bunga Panakukang *Data sources: UP2B PT PLN Wilayah Sulsel dan Sultra > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 22
5 Tabel 2. Data of Line Impedance * ) No./Name of Bus Total of Impedance (Ohm/Mho) IL/ KV Km From to 2L Positif sequence Y/2 R JX 1 Tallo lama 2 Tello 150 2L Tello 3 Bosowa 150 1L Tello 23 Sgmnsa 150 2L Tello 25 Panakkg 150 2L Tello 4 Pangkep 150 2L Bosowa 4 pangkep 150 1L Pangkep 5 Barru 150 1L Pangkep 6 Pare L Barru 6 Pare L Pare2 7 Pinrang 150 1L Pare2 12 Suppa 150 2L Pare2 13 Sidrap 150 2L Pare2 8 Polmas 150 1L Polmas 9 Bakaru 150 1L Pinrang 9 Bakaru 150 1L Polmas 9 Bakaru 150 2L Polmas 10 Majene 150 2L Majene 11 Mamuju 150 2L Sidrap 16 Soppeng 150 2L Sidrap 14 Makale 150 2L Makale 15 Palopo 150 2L Soppeng 17 Sngkang 150 2L Soppeng 18 Bone 150 2L Bone 19 Sinjai 150 1L Bone 20 Blkumba 150 2L Sinjai 20 Blkumba 150 1L Blkumba 21 Jnponto 150 2L Jnponto 22 Tlassa 150 2L Tlassa 23 Sgmnasa 150 2L Sgmnasa 24 Tbunga 150 2L * ) Data Sources: UP2B PT. PLN Wilayah Sulsel dan Sultra 2. Image Results of Sulselbar Power system, then its simulated using load flow analysis are available on the menu bar option, to determine the steady state of operating conditions and the results of the simulation can be seen in the sub of menus show results 3. Select the transmission line in which UPFC is placed, advised on the transmission line with a large power loss and low bus voltage which are connected. 4. In this case UPFC placed between buses 20 and 21, as shown in Figure 7 5. Simulation system with UPFC is done as in point 2, by doing data entry on the data input dialog that accompanies each of element (UPFC) 6. Results of the simulation system with UPFC is summarized in Figure 8 and Table 3 > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 23
6 DIAGRAM SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK SULSELBAR T.LAMA 1 TELLO 2 PANKEP4 PARE 6 PINRG 7 BAKARU 9 L1-2 L2-4 L4-6 L6-7 L7-9 LOAD-2 L2-3 L3-4 L4-5 L5-6 L8-9 LOAD-1 GEN-1 BSWA3 LOAD-3 L0AD-4 BARRU 5 LOAD-5 L6-12 LOAD-6 GEN-7 L6-8 LOAD-7 POLMAS 8 LOAD-8 LOAD-9 GEN-9 L2-23 L2-25 PNKUKANG 25 SUPPA 12 L6-13 L8-10 L10-11 MAMJU 11 LOAD-12 GEN-12 MJENE 10 LOAD-10 LOAD-11 GEN-11 LOAD-25 L13-14 L22-23 SIDRAP 13 MAKALE 14 SGMINASA 23 LOAD-23 L23-24 TLASA 22 SOPPENG 16 L13-16 L16-18 LOAD-13 L16-17 SENGKANG 17 PALOPO 15 LOAD-14 L14-15 GEN-14 T.BUNGA 24 LOAD-24 LOAD-22 JNPONT0 21 L21-22 SINJAI 19 L20-21 L-OAD-19 L19-20 L18-19 L18-20 LOAD-16 BONE 18 LOAD-17 GEN-17 LOAD-15 GEN-15 LOAD-21 BLKUMBA 20 LOAD-18 LOAD-20 Figure 6. Image of Power system of Sulselbar without UPFC Using NEPLAN > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 24
7 T.LAMA 1 TELLO 2 PANKEP4 PARE 6 PINRG 7 BAKARU 9 L1-2 L2-4 L4-6 L6-7 L7-9 LOAD-2 L2-3 L3-4 L4-5 L5-6 L8-9 LOAD-1 GEN-1 L2-23 L2-25 BSWA3 PNKUKANG 25 LOAD-3 L0AD-4 BARRU 5 LOAD-5 SUPPA 12 L6-12 LOAD-6 L6-13 GEN-7 LOAD-7 L6-8 L8-10 POLMAS 8 L10-11 LOAD-8 LOAD-9 MAMJU 11 GEN-9 LOAD-12 GEN-12 MJENE 10 LOAD-10 LOAD-11 GEN-11 LOAD-25 SGMINASA 23 LOAD-23 L23-24 L22-23 TLASA 22 SOPPENG 16 SIDRAP 13 L13-16 L16-18 LOAD-13 LINE SENGKANG 17 L13-14 MAKALE 14 PALOPO 15 LOAD-14 L14-15 GEN-14 T.BUNGA 24 LOAD-24 LOAD-22 JNPONT0 21 LOAD-21 L21-22 LINE 21-21A SINJAI 19 L-OAD-19 UPFC 20-21A L19-20 L18-19 L18-20 BLKUMBA 20 LOAD-16 BONE 18 LOAD-18 LOAD-17 GEN-17 LOAD-15 GEN-15 LOAD-20 BUS 21A Figure 7. Image of Sulselbra Power system with UPFC Between of bus Using NEPLAN > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 25
8 Results and Discussion Simulation results of below, shows a voltage curve and magnetude of power and power losses Figure 8. Voltage curve at with/without UPFC (UPFC is placed between of bus 20 and 21) Table 3. Magnitude of power and power losses with/without UPFC in Sulselbar power system Rugi-rugi Daya Daya pada Generator Keadaan Sistem P Q P Loss (MW) Q Loss (MVar) (MW) (MVar) Steady State (tanpa UPFC) UPFC diletakkan antar bus 4 dan UPFC diletakkan antar bus 6 dan UPFC diletakkan antara bus 18 dan UPFC diletakkan pada bus 20 dan From Figure 8, and Table 3. Is seen that, by regulating the power flow that flowing through the UPFC, where (-50 MW, 45 MVAR) for UPFC installed between buses 4-6, (-25 MW, 10 MVAR) installed between buses 6-13 (-40 MW, 40 MVAR) installed between buses 18-19, (-40 MW, 30 MVAR) installed between buses The results obtained indicate that the voltage on the bus increases, Ploss and Qloss decreased. This situation, of course, increase the power factor system, network loadability, available transfer capability for the better. In addition that contribute UPFC in power system (savings against of power losess) in accordance with the placement of UPFC. This situation indicates that the power supply of street lighting can be handle by placing UPFC in the transmission line conclusion Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a modern control equipment to control real and reactive power flow on transmission lines either simultaneously or separately, the load operation can be changed from one state to another without having to reschedule or change topologi.jaringan generation. The objec show that UPFC can be a solution for improving the generation capacity of a power system to supply power at a certain load particularly street lighting > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 26
9 Bibliography 1. K.K.Sen., Stacey,E.J UPFC- Unified Power Flow Controlled: Theory, Modeling, and Application. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.13, No. 4, October N.G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi Understanding FACTS: Concept and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission System. NJ: IEEE Press, Piscataway 3. Xia-Ping, Z., Keith R.G Advanced Unified Power flow Controller Model for Power system Steady state Control. IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation Restructing and Power Technology. Hongkong, pp , April Belacheheb,K., Saadate,S Compensation of the Electrical Mains by Means of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) Comparison of Three Control Methods. Green-UHP CNRS UPRES A S.K.Kalyan and S.J.Eric Unified Power Flow Controller: Theory, Modelling, and Application. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.13, No.4, Okt K.K.Sen., Stacey,E.J UPFC- Unified Power Flow Controlled: Theory, Modeling, and Application. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.13, No. 4, October O.H.Abdala,M.A.E.Ghazi, L.M. Lotfy, and N.A. Hasan (2009). Steady State Anaysis of Unified Power Flow Controllers. International Confrerence on Communication, Computer and Power, February 2009, Muscat 8. Indra Jaya, Najamuddin H., Muhammad Tola, Wihardi Tjaronge. 2012, Simulation of power losses improvement at 5 bus with unified power flow controller (UPFC), using the neplan software, The international jurnal s research journal of science and IT management, December 2012, Singapore > RJSITM: Volume: 02, Number: 09, July-2013 Page 27
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