STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGY FOR PV HOME STORAGE SYSTEMS DR. OLAF WOLLERSHEIM

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1 STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGY FOR PV HOME STORAGE SYSTEMS DR. OLAF WOLLERSHEIM

2 MASS MARKET IN GERMANY EXPECTED TO START 2019: 20 YRS AFTER Dächer PV subsidies program Quelle. Wikipedia

3 HOW WILL THE HOME STORAGE MODEL T LOOK LIKE? Robust, easy-to-use, industrial production, standardized components, affordable Source. Wikipedia

4 AND WHICH COMPANIES WILL BECOME THE FORD OF HOME STORAGE? and which cells will be the motor driving the system? Samsung (18650) Sony LFP (modules) Sony LFP (modules) SK (NMC) (mostly lead-acid) LG (NMC) Dr. Olaf Wollersheim Panasonic (modules) 4

5 ESTABLISHMENT OF LARGE SCALE CELL PRODUCTION IN EUROPE (NOT GERMANY!) Dr. Olaf Wollersheim 5

6 CLEAR UPWARD INTEGRATION TREND FROM CELL MANUFACTURER PERSPECTIVE LG, Samsung, Sony, Sanyo to supply preferably modules or batteries rather than cells (at least for smaller home storage manufacturers) Dr. Olaf Wollersheim 6

7 HEAT OF DECOMPOSITION FOR VARIOUS LITHIUM ION CELL CATHODE MATERIALS Cathode Material T-onset/ C H.o.D. / J/g NCA LMO LFP Typical Elektrolyte Components Flash Point

8 FAILURE OF A HOME STORAGE SYSTEM WITH NON-REDUNDANT OVERCHARGE PROTECTION (effect of deflagration of electrolyte vapour from overpressurized LFP cells) 8

9 HOW ABOUT ENERGY DENSITY AND SPECIFIC ENERGY FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS? Increasing floor space prices for new buildings lead to smaller utility rooms (as small as 4,55 m²) => high energy density required Installer health and safety regulations require the weight of equipment to be less than 30 kg => high specific energy required Dr. Olaf Wollersheim Source. Arbeitssicherheit.de, massivbau-musterhaus.de 9

10 MYRESERVE BATTERY MODULE Energy: 2,2 kwh Weight: 24,9 kg Optimized for easy and cheap logistics 10

11 CELLS MUST CONTRIBUTE TO FAULT TOLERANCE e.g. MyReserve 50 Ah cell, SK Innnovation Ceramic coating of separator with improved mechanical and thermal stability 11

12 Capacity/% HOME STORAGE REQUIREMENTS ON LI ION CELL CYCLE LIFE STABILITY cycle life sufficient for 5-10 yrs operation some automotive cells in this range MyReserve cells cycle life sufficient for yrs operation cells with low materials purity some automotive cells in this range handmade cells Dr. Olaf Wollersheim Full Cycles

13 RiDC / mohm HOME STORAGE REQUIREMENTS ON LI ION CELL INTERNAL RESISTANCE 34 C after 1C/1C Cycle 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 Internal Cell Resistance Full Cycles 10% SOC % SOC Internal crucial for design of thermal management! 13

14 Global NORM AND REGULATION LANDSCAPE 2016 Sicherheitsleitfaden für Li-Ionen-Hausspeicher V1.0 Produktsicherheit (u.a. ProdG) Transport, Gefahrgut Inverkehrbringen Entsorgung/Recyl. EU Deutschland Geschlossene Normenlücken Batterie- Sicherheit E DIN EN EN IEC EG-Konformität, CE EMV- Richtlinie DIN EN Niederspannungs- Richtlinie DIN EN EN EN IEC IEC u.a. GGVSEB ADR (UN) + UN38.3 u.a. Batteriegesetz Batterie- Direktive

15 NORM ROADMAP HOME STORAGE (simplified version) IEC62619 ed.1 Draft Norm IEC62619 ed.2 Draft Norm Sicherheitsleitaden V1.0 V1.1 Prüfplan zum SLF V. 1.0 Rev. 2 Rev. 3 Rev. 4 Leitaden Lifetime und Performance Rev. 1 Rev. 2 Neufassung VDE AR Anwendungsregel IEC-Version published expected/ planned MyReserve conformity given MyReserve conformity given (if no major changes in norm occur)

16 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Home Storage Batteries now and in the near future are expected to provide High level of quality and homogeneity according to automotive standards High level of safety including cell internal mechanisms (CID, ceramic separator, electrolyte additives ) Calender life > 10 yrs, better > 15 yrs Cycle life > 2000 full cycles, better > 3000 full cycles Small internal resistance < 20 µω/ah Light weight (< 30 kg/component) Small volume and footprint (clear trend towards wall mounting) Low cost < 500 /kwh, better < 250 /kwh Fully compliant with all relevant norms and regulations Full recyclability In the next few years, focus will therefore be mainly on cost reduction. Dr. Olaf Wollersheim 16

17 17 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Olaf Wollersheim