7/27/2016. John Hudak Electrical & Computer Engineering

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3 ECGR 4151 Solar Cell Fundamentals and Technology ECGR 4151 is not a required class but can count as an engineering elective The class will build on the processes you learned in the clean room during Engr 1202 E01 3

4 Engr 4151 Solar Cell Fundamentals and Technology This class is primarily a laboratory class. There will be one/two lectures a week. Lectures will cover solar cell structure and test, working in the clean room, and the fabrication processes needed to fabricate a solar cell You will be spending a minimum of 3-4 hours per week in the in the Cameron clean room. You will fabricate and test a predesigned solar cell You will then fabricate a second solar cell with a new design to hopefully improve performance 4

5 Engr 4151 Solar Cell Fundamentals and Technology Attendance will be taken at each lecture and lab. Hours in the clean room will be logged and recorded. There will be homework assignments and periodic tests An initial and final report are required in PowerPoint There is a final exam You must fabricate a functioning solar cell to get the maximum grade 5

6 Current Estimates of US Energy Production Petroleum 37% Natural Gas 25% (will increase with new supplies) Coal 21% (will decrease with new pollution rules) Nuclear 9% (plans to increase in jeopardy) Renewable 8% (will increase significantly) Solar Wind Water (hydro-electric generation) 6

7 What is a solar cell? Often called a photovoltaic device, it takes the energy from sunlight and creates electrical power. Just like a battery uses a chemical reaction to supply power, solar cells convert one form of energy into another. 7

8 How is a solar cell made? The most common solar cell is made from a silicon wafer. This silicon wafer is doped with boron to make it p-type. A second doping of phosphorus creates a n-type region resulting in a n-p junction. Done correctly the n-p region creates current flow when struck by sun light. This current is gathered by a topside metal conductive grid and funneled to a load. 8

9 Silicon Solar Cell Fabricated In The Cameron Clean Room 9

10 A silicon solar cell is a building block for larger modules and systems 10

11 Solar Cell System 11

12 Most current solar cells are made of silicon Solar Panels on a house Solar Panels on an industrial building Solar Panel FARM for inserting power into the electrical grid 12

13 Solar Cell Systems now available for homes 13

14 Solar Cell Systems available for Charlotte 14

15 Individual home solar cell system 15

16 Rooftop solar system in Concord 16

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18 Besides generating electricity for the power grid, solar systems can have significant contributions in more specific applications 18

19 Solar panels have powered spaced based systems since the earliest years 19

20 Rooftop solar system to charge an electric car 20

21 Solar systems can bring electricity to remote areas 21

22 Solar powered portable medical devices 22

23 Solar Powered Medical Clinic 23

24 Solar powered portable water purification 24

25 Solar powered portable electronics charger 25

26 Prius with roof solar panels 26

27 Supplied with an invertor to convert DC voltage to AC voltage What will 45 watts power? A small notebook computer requires 30 watts A 24 inch flat screen TV requires watts An XBOX 360 requires watts A refrigerator requires 1000 watts when cooling 27

28 Cost per watt - $

29 There will be opportunities in solar cell generated electricity for electrical engineers 29

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34 Solar Cell Issues Solar cells only generate electricity when the sun is shinning Solar cells have a limited range of locations with adequate year round sunshine Solar cells currently are a more expensive way than traditional power plants to generate electricity Solar cells generate low DC voltage and current must be converted into AC voltage for household use There is currently no practical way to store electricity generated by solar cells Large land areas are required Local building codes may not allow home installations Subsidies may be eliminated Can the US compete in the manufacturer of solar panels???? These problems will need to be resolved for solar to make a significant impact on electrical generation 34

35 Possible solution to storage of energy Tesla is building house size battery packs 35

36 But solar power does have advantages The energy from the sun is FREE It does not pollute Once constructed, there is virtually no operating costs Excess electricity can be sold back to the local power company 36

37 Assignment Assignment for lecture #1 Go to my web site, Find the syllabus for ECGR 4151, read, and send to me via uncc 37