Fred. Olsen POWER GENERATION AT SEA. Autonomous Sea Power «POWER AND GATEWAY SUBSEA» Fred.Olsen Ltd.

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1 Author: Even Hjetland Date: Sept. 5th 2017 Revision: Type: O For /download «POWER AND GATEWAY SUBSEA» Fred. Olsen Autonomous Sea Power POWER GENERATION AT SEA POWER SUPPLY AND COMMUNICATION PLATFORM FOR AUTONOMOUS OFFSHORE SYSTEMS Fred.Olsen Ltd.

2 1. - FRED. OLSEN INTRO YEARS OF EXPERIENCE SHIPPING: Cruise Line, Tankers, Ship Yards 169 years OIL & GAS: Exploration and Production 40 years RENEWABLE ENERGY Onshore Wind Farms Wind Turbine Installation Vessels Wave & Tidal Technology 20 years Fred.Olsen Ltd.

3 1. - FRED. OLSEN INTRO WAVE ENERGY PROGRAM For introduction video, use link: Fred.Olsen Ltd.

4 1. - FRED. OLSEN INTRO WAVE ENERGY PROGRAM FIVE WECs IN THREE COUNTRIES 61,000 HOURS OF IN-SEA OPERATION 13,000 HOURS OF POWER PRODUCTION 33,000 KWH ELECTRICITY BULDRA BOLT33 BOLT22 BOLT1 BOLT LIFESAVER BOLT LIFESAVER INSTALLED WEIGHT [TONS] NAME PLATE POWER [kw] RATED POWER [kw] LOCATION NORWAY NORWAY NORWAY NORWAY UK USA TIME ON SITE [HRS] HOURS OF PRODUCTION [HRS] ENERGY PRODUCED [kwh e ] Fred.Olsen Ltd.

5 2. - CURRENT TECH. POWER TAKE-OFF PRINCIPLE Operates autonomously on operator settings Communication over internet Winch line anchored to sea bed As winch line is pulled out by wave motion, generator puts up resistive torque, generating power Energy stored temporarily in capacitor bank Generator works as motor and use stored energy to winch line back in on downward motion Floater Drum Generator Gear Power produced on upward motion at 70kN winch line tension (purple values) 70kN winch line tension at upward motion 10kN winch line tension at upward motion Power spent on downward motion at 10kN winch line tension (green values) Fred.Olsen Ltd.

6 2. - CURRENT TECH. BOLT LIFESAVER - MOORINGS Introduction: Latest embodyment of the BOLT class point absorber wave energy converters One possible configuration of the BOLT technology Built in UK and Norway Deployed off cost of UK Modified 2015 Currently contracted to NAVFAC/EXWC for demonstration at their Hawaii test site BOLT Lifesaver system parameters 180 ft. WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER WINCH LINES SUBSURFACE BUOYS Nominal sea state Current PTO configuration Maximum PTO configuration Avg. electrical power nominal sea current configuration (3 PTO units) Dry weight Material cost Hs. 2.75m Ts. 6.5s 3 power take-off units installed 5 power take-off units installed 30kW kg $1.0M DYNEEMA LINE GRAVITY ANCHORS Fred.Olsen Ltd.

7 2. - CURRENT TECH. BOLT LIFESAVER DECK LAYOUT COMMUNICATION MAST Internet connection Radar reflector Lightening arrestor CONTROL HOUSING Controls computer Electricals hub Long term & short term energy storage Power export dump POWER TAKE OFFs High cycle power take-off winch Gear box Generator and inverter FLOATATION HULL Steel torus Generator cooling tanks integrated 52 feet Fred.Olsen Ltd.

8 2. - CURRENT TECH. BOLT LIFESAVER PTO Fully electric Low maintenance gear box (patented) Compact and modular design for onshore and offshore handling ELECTRICALS AND GENERATOR GEAR BOX DRUM SHAFT ENCLOSURE System parameters Average electrical power Generator nominal power rating Dry weight 10kW 84kW kg Bill of material $70k Fred.Olsen Ltd.

9 2. - CURRENT TECH. BOLT LIFESAVER WINCH The winch is at the heart of our technology Multi million cycle capability at constantly varying spooling angle (patent pending) Winch line developled in collaboration with Gates Corporation Actively controlled winch line tension through winch drum torque control Fred.Olsen Ltd.

10 2. - CURRENT TECH. BOLT LIFESAVER - ELECTRICALS Common high voltage and low voltage buses links all PTOs together with energy storage Low voltage system for long terms storage (battery bank) and power supply for auxiliary systems High voltage system for in-between-waves power storage (capacitor bank) and power export Currently, exported power is disapated by on board heat resistors Heat resistors for power dump 1MJ Capacitor bank 16kWh Battery bank Fred.Olsen Ltd.

11 2. CURRENT TECH. BOLT LIFESAVER - SOFTWARE Video: Developed in-house over several years Based on National Instruments LabView Allows for real time monitoring and control of all subsystems over internet: Power take-off units generator and drive train Winch line guiding system High voltage system Low voltage system Short term energy storage Long term energy storage IP cameras Fred.Olsen Ltd.

12 2. CURRENT TECH. BOLT LIFESAVER DATA COLLECT Developed in-house over several years Based on MatLab and mysql Data collected from a high number of onboard instruments Generator drives Temperature gauges Rotary encoders Load cells Strain gauges GPS Motion reference units Voltage and current gauges Loggs at 200Hz and transfers to Oslo office for processing and analysis 2GB data produced every 24 hrs Fred.Olsen Ltd.

13 3. DEPLOYMENTS BOLT UK First deployment of BOLT Lifesaver Deployed March 2012 to May 2014 outside Falmouth Bay, southern UK Site is partly shielded, which gave a good mix of production conditions and maintenance & repair conditions Decommissioned May 30th 2014 Days without production removed from below data plot 2.20kW average power export Fred.Olsen Ltd.

14 3. DEPLOYMENTS BOLT HAWAII For introduction video, use link: Fred.Olsen Ltd.

15 3. DEPLOYMENTS BOLT HAWAII Deployed outside Marine Corps Base Hawaii on March 26th 2016 Contracted through March 2017 Site has relatively consistent wave climate, allowing for very efficient operation Operational data uploaded to STORM MOORING FAILURE WAITING FOR DIVE WEATHER WINDOW 200 DAYS OF NON STOP POWER DELIVERY Fred.Olsen Ltd.

16 4. APPLICATIONS - POTENTIAL Technology is proven and works! Fred. Olsen is looking for systems at sea to power Technology is scalable in size and power output Customized for applications, locations and wave climates Low visibility on surface or completely suberged Can operate at large water depths with reactive body concept Onboard energy storage allows continuous power supply in calm sea Examples of power supply and communication applications Subsea monitoring systems Offshore communication equipment Environmental monitoring equipment Offshore telecom antennas UUV recharge and communication station Average exported power [kw] Exported power vs. system size for a BOLT class wave energy converter with one PTO and floater area that matches PTO winch line force Floater diameter (assuming disc geometry) Fred.Olsen Ltd.

17 4. APPLICATIONS SCALABILITY Power generation principle is generic and sizable according to power load requirement and available wave climate 25m diameter 175kW 10/16m diameter 30kW 1.5m diameter 0.5kW Fred.Olsen Ltd.

18 4. APPLICATIONS SEA DEPTH Pretensioned mooring line with subsea buoy and heave plates for shallow water operation Slack mooring with heave plates for deep water operation ~600m - 20~600m Fred.Olsen Ltd.

19 4. APPLICATIONS - WHY WAVE FOR SEA POWER? CONTINUOUS POWER DELIVERY HIGH RELIABILITY LOW MAINTENANCE BOLT TECHNOLOGY PRODUCE POWER FROM 0.4m HS SOME WAVES ALWAYS PRESENT (NO SUN POWER AT NIGHT (ARCTIC), NO WIND POWER WHEN CALM) SMALL, COMPACT & COST EFFICIENT HIGHEST POWER DENSITY FOR RENEWABLES SIMPLE AND COST EFFICIENT MECHANICAL SYSTEM LOW HEIGHT, LOW VISIBILITY LOW HEAT SIGNATURE ACTIVE MOORING LINE TENSION CONTROL NO SHOCK LOADS SURVIVAL ROBUST COMPARED TO WIND TURBINES AND PV PANELS ELIMINATE FUEL RELIANCE AND REDUCE LOGISTICS REDUCE PRESENCE OF PERSONNEL IN HIGH RISK AREAS SCALABLE TO WAVE CLIMATE AND POWER LOAD Fred.Olsen Ltd.

20 4. APPLICATIONS OFFSHORE POWER AND COMMS Possibility of power in kw regime and continuous communicaiton link to shore is asked for by several industries such as subsea oil&gas, oceanography, metocean sensorsing etc. Launched from vessel and self install Can be installed at all depth levels Consists of four subsystems Wave energy converter unit with energy storage Stiff mooring assembly Fiber optic and power export cable Interface for autonomous system at seabed Fred.Olsen Ltd.

21 4. APPLICATIONS POWER UNIT Wave Energy Converter Unit Wave energy converter unit sized, scaled and configured for power load and wave climate Autonomous standalone operation Power and communication cable from surface to seabed Onboard energy storage High reliability, low maintenance for remote offshore operation Configuration example: Average power output: 0.5kW Power pack weight: kg Reaction body weight: 700kg Total material cost (medium volume): $ m 1.5m Satelite or cellular communication antenna PM generator Belted gear transmission Inverter, generator control and auxiliary systems Winch drum Onboard energy storage for continuous power supply in calm sea Hull structure (steel or GRP) Winch line with communication and power integrated Fred.Olsen Ltd.

22 4. APPLICATIONS OCEAN CONFIGURATION PRETENSION AND HEAVE PLATE At deeper waters, fiber rope must be pretensioned for reduced strain from winch line force. Larger subsea buoy provides pretension to stiffen rope. Heave plates dampens vertical motion with added mass and provides phase shift relative to wave buoy 5-50m Power take-off buoy Winch line with power supply and communication integrated Subsea buoy providing fiber rope pretension for reduced strain Stiff fiber rope mooring plus power and communication Fred.Olsen Ltd.

23 4. APPLICATIONS INSTALLATION SHALLOW WATER Deployment Towed after a small vessel WEC onboard winch lowers mooring System self installs Fred.Olsen Ltd.

24 4. APPLICATIONS INSTALLATION DEEP WATER Deployment Complete system can be stored in a compact state with reactive body compressed and cables hidded Stored on deck and lifted to sea by crane of A- frame or towed after small boat Self-installs once in water Fred.Olsen Ltd.

25 4. APPLICATIONS - BATTERY STORAGE CAPABILITY Onboard battery stores generation above consumer load to supply power during calm periods Simulation below run on BOLT Lifesaver Hawaii deployment power production data Consumer load: 2kW Battery storage: 48kWh Load served: 93% BOLT LIFESAVER HAWAII DEPLOYMENT JULY 19TH JAN 30TH Fred.Olsen Ltd.

26 CUSTOMIZE FOR LOAD, LOCATION AND WAVE CLIMATE 5 % NORTH ATLANTIC 95 % PACIFIC 2 % SOUTH ATLANTIC 4 % 98 % 96 % CONTINUOUS POWER : 2 kw BATTERY CAPACITY: 7 days Fred.Olsen Ltd.

27 4. APPLICATIONS SEA POWER APPLICATIONS Floating sensor buoys Offshore seabed sensors AUV docking Instrumentation at oil & gass subsea brown fields Subsea data centers Fred.Olsen Ltd.

28 4. APPLICATIONS SUBMERGED CONFIGURATION PTO unit made subsea grade and system submerged for complete invisible operation The production force of a subsurface system is the pressure difference subsurface as a result of variation of seasurface level PTO PTO Buoyancy chamber Elastic bladder provides upward force from pressure difference caused by sea surface level change Power take-off unit Winch, gearbox, generator, battery storage in sealed enclosure Reactive body Reactive body Reactive body Dry weight and enclosed sea water provides gravity and accelleration resistance Allows for deep water operation Slack mooring to sea bed Fred.Olsen Ltd.

29 4. APPLICATIONS SUBMERGED CONFIGURATION Fred. Olsen has developed sophisticated simulation models to assess viability and control algorithms and found several viable power configurations. An example of a small system is present on this slide: Average power outout: Hs 4 ft. Buoancy blatter: Operated 3m below surface 8m³ average air volume (80kN buoyancy) Power take-off winch: 10kN winch line tension 7000kg of gravitational weight Reactive body: 1000kg of gravitational weight 500m³ of enclosed water for accelleration resistanse inertia Fred.Olsen Ltd.

30 4. APPLICATIONS SUBMERGED CONFIGURATION Systems made small to fit torpedo tube for submerged deployment Integrated ballast tanks to allow surfacing for communication Fred.Olsen Ltd.

31 HAVE THE TECHNOLOGY FOR 24/7 POWER SUPPLY AT SEA Fred. Olsen Autonomous Sea Power Fred.Olsen Ltd.