VRLA batteries in photovoltaic energy storage systems for telecom applications (Intelec 1993)
|
|
- Katherine Poole
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 VRLA batteries in photovoltaic energy storage systems for telecom applications (Intelec 1993) Swisscom has installed an active repeater station powered by a photovoltaic energy storage system on peak Piz Muttler situated in the vicinity of the border corner Switzerland-Austria-Italy at an altitude of 3294m. The PVES system consists of 72 60W (4.32kW-36m 2 ) solar panels with associated maximum power tracker and charging controllers. The photovoltaic energy is stored in 24V batteries using 2V VRLA/AGM cells with a rated capacity of 1000Ah C 10 at 20 C to 1.80Vpc. In order to evaluate the worst case condition of extremely low temperatures within the battery room, the low temperature (-30 C) and the low voltage (0.00Vpc) behavior of such cells is reported. The batteries survived unscathed freeze/thaw cycles and can be recharged with the electrolyte frozen. The thermal behavior of VRLA/AGM cells and monoblocs (Intelec 1995) VRLA/AGM cells and monoblocs were investigated concerning parameters influencing the onset of thermal runaway conditions. For this purpose 2V 1000Ah and 2V 300Ah cells were specially assembled so to include electrolyte starvation conditions simi8lar to service life dry-out. Key cell performance parameters determined experimentally indicate that also large VRLA/AGM cells show a stable behavior in increased temperature environments. When however dry-out or electrolyte volume level reductions of >15% are experienced, the unfavorable environmental conditions could cause a slow but steady escalation of the cell float current. The trapping of the current generated within the cell may yield thermal runaway conditions. The monitoring of the temperature differential cell case surrounding air temperature could give a warning signal of unsafe conditions to the battery plant operator. The effect of selenium on the electrochemical behavior and corrosion of Pb-Sn alloys used in lead acid batteries (J. Electrochemical Society 1995) In valve regulated batteries of the adsorbed glass mat type the connecting strap and lugs of the plates (top lead) are covered by a thin liquid film of H 2 SO 4 solution. The H 2 SO 4 is consumed for the formation of a PbSO 4 corrosion layer. The liquid film has high ohmic resistance and hence the strap and lugs of the plates are cathodically unprotected. As a result of this, often the life of the battery is limited by corrosion of the negative semiblock top lead. In battery manufacturing practice, Pb-Sn alloys are often used for the straps in the above battery type. The present paper examines creeping of the thin liquid film up a strap electrode, the structure and phase composition of the corrosion layer formed on the electrode surface, as well as the rate of corrosion of Pb- Sn and Pb-Sn-Se electrodes partly immersed in an absorbing glass mat soaked in H 2 SO 4 or H 2 SO 4 + Na 2 SO 4 solutions. It has been established that the potential of that part of the electrode immersed in the solution controls the potential of the electrode up to a height of 1 cm above the solution level. The corrosion layer formed on the
2 electrode surface above the solution (in the air) features zones of different phase compositions. The introduction ofna 2 SO 4 to the H 2 SO 4 solution leads to a sevenfold increase in corrosion rate of Pb-Sn alloys, while the addition of 0.03%Se to the alloy suppresses completely this effect of Na 2 SO 4. When the Sn content in the alloy is below 1%, the rate of corrosion increases. Selenium suppresses this effect, too, in alloys containing 0.6% Sn. Selenium has an anticorrosion effect and acts as a grain refiner in Pb-Sn alloys decreasing also the size of PbSO 4 crystals and facilitating their nucleation. The corrosion behavior of positive grids with lead calcium aluminum alloy in VRLA/AGM cells and monoblocs (Intelec 1996) Accelerated aging tests of VRLA batteries show the excellent corrosion resistance of a PbCaAl with an addition of 2% Sn. This grid alloy shows a large grain microstructure and much reduced amounts of secondary recrystallization with little coarse (Pb 1- xsn x ) 3 Ca precipitate. The increase of the tin content from 0.7% to2.0% results in an approximate doubling of VRLA service life deducible form accelerated float life test at 60 C (140 F). The addition of 0.05%Ag does not improve the corrosion resistance of the PbCaAl-2%Sn alloy. Abusive discharges to zero Volt of VRLA/AGM monoblocs in 24V strings (Intelec 1997) Lead acid batteries may experience an abusive deep discharge condition when more than 100% of the rated capacity is withdrawn. This paper describes the behavior of a VRLA/AGM battery under such discharge conditions by examining temperature and voltage parameters. As results show, certain designs of VRLA/AHM batteries exhibit a good tolerance against such abusive conditions A discharge for a period of 130h below 1.80Vpc did not induce, after recharge at the float voltage of 2.25Vpc, any capacity loss in such a battery. Investigation of thermal phenomena in VRLA/AGM stationary lead acid batteries with a thermal video imaging system (J. Power Sources 1997) Thermal imaging has been utilized to detect heat evolution phenomena in VRLA/AGM cells and monoblocs. With the method cell reversals during discharges of 12v monoblocs as also the site of the oxygen recombination and associate electrolyte movements in large cells was detectable at ease.
3 The operation of VRLA lead acid batteries in parallel strings of dissimilar capacity (Intelec 1999) The operation of a 24V VRLA battery formed by two strings of dissimilar cells and monoblocs in a 100% d.o.d C 3 discharge/charge cycle service has revealed not unexpectedly that an asymmetric current flow from the strings occurs but that its implication on ultimate cycle service life is less significant than the strict rule of do-not parallel dissimilar strings would indicate. Very rapid recharging of large VRLA cells (Intelec 2000) The high rate charge behavior of 2V 1000 Ah VRLA cells, subsequent to a full 12 minute rate discharge, is described. Charging rates with current equal to I 10, 3I 10 and 7I 10 were evaluated for their influence on cell and connector temperatures and gas evolution. The result show that high rate charging, at the 3I 10 rate, can restore the UPS autonomy time within 1 hour without excessive cell heating and gas emission. The thermal imaging of the cells during the discharge and charge event allowed detecting the sites of maximum heating and heating transfer effects. The operation of VRLA monoblocs with an on/off float charge regime (Intelec 2001) Stationary lead acid batteries of the VRLA type are the preferred power backup storage to safeguard communication systems and data networks. In such a standby power layout the battery is permanently on charge and connected to the load circuit requiring protection. Operation of VRLA batteries with an on/off or dropped charge voltage routine and combined with good thermal insulation appears to be a viable method to prevent that unstable temperature conditions develop in thermally unfavorable Telecom and UPS power installations. This passive protection method will require some modification of the power supply units control logic. Part of this is already implemented in advanced temperature vs. voltage management software Overview of the revised IEC standard for the test of VRLA batteries for stationary service - An update (Intelec 2001) The evolution of the IEC Standard for Stationary Lead Acid Batteries of the VRLA Type is shown together with the background for its revision. The revised standard IEC has reached the IEC CD Committee draft stage and defines in three sets of test clauses the methods to define safety, performance and durability.
4 A total of 23 test clauses and associated methods should allow defining the stationary VRLA batteries of a manufacturer s product portfolio in such a fashion that the battery specifier or end-user can pick with confidence the most suited for his application field. The performance of VRLA cells and monoblocs under artic conditions (Intelec 2002) Stationary lead acid batteries of the VRLA-AGM design have been tested under Artic temperature conditions so to evaluate their performance under quite abusive conditions. The results show that up to 56% of the room temperature capacity is available at 30 C and that repetitive and severe electrolyte freezing within the cells and monoblocs does not result in any functional degradation. Frozen electrolyte cells can be recharged, albeit with low current acceptance, even at 30 C and the presence of ice does not result in active mass spalling. The survival of monoblocs trapped in solid ice is also reported. IEC The technical requirements for stationary VRLA batteries (Intelec 2003) Since April 2000 the IEC TC21 WG3 has the task to establish the relevant International IEC Standards for the testing (IEC ) and selection (IEC ) of VRLA batteries for Stationary applications. The work has advanced well and the status of the activities was regularly reported at the INTELEC Meetings in Phoenix 2000, Edinburgh 2001 and in Montreal 2002.The standardization work has now reached its final stage with the elaboration of the second Standard IEC in which the application related requirements for these batteries have been defined. We will give an update on the status of the standardization work as per to the INTELEC community. Real-time VRLA life test or how a small difference can have big effects (Intelec 2004) Stationary lead acid batteries can experience temperature differences within a string especially when operated as 110V or 480V back-up batteries. In the present study the influence of a ~3 C temperature difference on the corrosion induced capacity loss of VRLA monoblocs during 7 and 9 years of float operation in a 5 tier rack installation is reported. Corrosion sensitive VRLA monoblocs can have residual capacity values ranging all the way from 3% to 110% in the same string due the cumulative influence of such minor temperature differences. VRLA cells and monoblocs, in which positive grid corrosion has been designed-out as main failure mode, show a much more robust performance under these adverse conditions.
5 Ground short phenomena in VRLA batteries (Intelec 2005) All electrochemical energy storage systems can cause unsafe operating conditions when an uncontrolled current flow over an electrolyte path to ground occurs. The influences of different variables, intervening in such an event, have been explored with lead acid batteries of the VRLA/AGM type. The tests show that the ground short current ranges from 0.1 to ~50mA and that direct line of sight through the breached cell wall is needed to initiate energetic event causing arcing and charring of the plastic. Lower voltages can cause higher current flows as arcing at high voltages (+200VDC) may reduce or fully boil off the conducting path. Although no catastrophic events such explosions or a full fledged fire where noted no safe ground short conditions exist! Do you want to know more? RFID tags on stationary batteries (Intelec 2006) Stationary batteries provide essential power back-up storage in many industrial applications. These batteries are manufactured at multiple locations worldwide, must fulfill exacting criteria of reliability and traceability and pass commonly through several logistic centers and hubs before starting the operative life. Reliability requires that for a qualified battery design key material and process parameters are known and within specs. If trouble arises in the field from deviations of the properties of these batteries, a rapid and watertight traceability where such units are, is an essential requirement to soothe the nerves of the battery end-user and to evaluate the extent of the intervention needed. Many of such tracing actions rely on information resident on shipping papers, data codes stamped on battery cases, alphanumeric ID number labels or barcodes containing serial numbers. These scattered bits of data are then used for manual or semiautomatic information correlation. Many, if not all of above identification criteria rely on seeing the battery and reading optically the key information, then turning back to the battery manufacturer and asking him shall I be concerned?. IEC TC21, the technical commission of IEC dealing with standards for rechargeable batteries is proposing to initiate work on defining the physical aspects of battery compatible RFID tags, the data structure and information content embedded therein and the access to such information. This standardization effort will not delve with the electronics of the data storage and interrogation and be thus open to technical progress in this matter. The envisaged RFID tags could, next to the sketched in-the-field tracking purposes, also act as depository of information for scheduling refreshing charges, the setting up the rectifier parameters, alerting for replacements and ultimately help in achieving a more homogeneous material sorting stream in the battery recycling process by storing key material type and quantity information. In the presentation practical examples of hardware for storing, reading and writing information as also some example of the information data string together with a possible schedule for establishing such an IEC standard will be presented.
Chapter 6. Batteries. Types and Characteristics Functions and Features Specifications and Ratings Jim Dunlop Solar
Chapter 6 Batteries Types and Characteristics Functions and Features Specifications and Ratings 2012 Jim Dunlop Solar Overview Describing why batteries are used in PV systems. Identifying the basic components
More informationHaze Battery Company Ltd. Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt. Gelled Electrolyte Range. Monobloc
Haze Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt Monobloc Gelled Electrolyte Range CONSTRUCTION - Gel battery construction is as shown in the diagram. The positive and negative grids are cast from a calcium/tin
More informationBattery Storage Systems
Battery Storage Systems Agenda System Components Applications How to Size Batteries System Components Basic battery theory Electro-chemical reaction Two dissimilar metals Positive electrodes Negative electrodes
More informationHaze Battery Company Ltd. Sealed Lead Acid 2 Volt Bloc. Gelled Electrolyte Range
Haze Battery Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid 2 Volt Bloc Gelled Electrolyte Range CONSTRUCTION - Gel battery construction is as shown in the diagram. The positive and negative grids are cast from a calcium/tin
More informationHaze Battery Company Ltd
Haze Battery Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid 2 Volt Bloc Gelled Electrolyte Range CONSTRUCTION - Gel battery construction is as shown in the diagram. The positive and negative grids are cast from a calcium/tin
More informationApplications. EMC tested
SOLAR Applications Photovoltaic power supply of: Power plants of remote villages Signal Installations of the air-, sea-, road and railway transport Radio relay stations of telecounication services Cellular
More informationHaze Battery Company Ltd
Haze Battery Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt Monobloc Gelled Electrolyte Range CONSTRUCTION - Gel battery construction is as shown in the diagram. The positive and negative grids are cast from
More informationHaze Battery Company Ltd. Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt. AGM Range. Monobloc
Haze Battery Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt Monobloc AGM Range CONSTRUCTION - AGM battery construction is as shown in the diagram below. The positive and negative grids are cast from a calcium
More informationIEC APPROVAL TESTS
IEC61427-1 APPROVAL TESTS Edition 1.0 : 2013-04 Secondary cells and batteries for renewable energy storage General requirements and methods of test Part 1 : Photovoltaic off-grid application Flooded lead-acid
More informationHaze Battery Company Ltd. Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt. AGM Range. Monobloc
Haze Battery Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid 6 & 12 Volt Monobloc AGM Range CONSTRUCTION - AGM battery construction is as shown in the diagram below. The positive and negative grids are cast from a calcium
More informationSwitchgear Utility specific gravity nominal sulfuric acid. 10 years, full float service at 77 F (25 C)
12-373 UL Recognized Component RETURN LEAD RECYCLE LIBERTY SERIES 1000 VALVE REGULATED LEAD-CALCIUM BATTERY FOR STANDBY APPLICATIONS Capacities from 100 to 600 Ampere-hours (8 hours to 1.75 VPC) 343 to
More informationSPA AGM VRLA batteries
SPA AGM VRLA batteries for Stationary Applications SPA OVERVIEW Valve Regulated AGM batteries The SPA range of SUNLIGHT Valve Regulated Lead Acid batteries has been developed as general purpose batteries,
More informationModular Max AGM Range VRLA
Innovative Features Valve Regulated Lead Acid (V.R.L.A.) design Fully tank formed plates Never needs addition of water Spill-proof and leak-proof Proprietary Fixed Orifice Plate Pasting technology applying
More informationNorthStar Battery Company DCN: SES DCR: 1548-S09 Date:
Application Manual and Product Information for NorthStar Battery Company Table of Contents Introduction...3 NSB Blue Series Benefits...4 ISO Certifications...5 NSB Blue Product Specifications...6 Leak
More informationPb battery. Chemical equation: Pb+2 H 2 SO 4. + PbO 2 <charge. 2 PbSO 4 +2 H 2. discharge>
Pb battery Chemical equation: discharge> Pb+2 H 2 SO 4 + PbO 2 state of charge can be determined
More informationHaze Battery Company Ltd
Haze Battery Company Ltd Sealed Lead Acid AGM 6 & 12 Volt Monobloc Range 0.8 AH to AH RUBBISH BIN Applications LEAD RECYCLE Float service Uninterruptible Power Supplies Medical Telecounications Switch
More informationModular Max Range BATTERY SOLUTIONS. NEBS qualified. Reliable capacities. EverExceed power your applications
EverExceed power your applications Modular Max Range BATTERY SOLUTIONS NEBS qualified Reliable capacities CADMIUM FREE FULLY RECYCLABLE LEAD ACID BATTERIES CONFORMS TO THE EUROPEANE.C.1992 DIRECTIVE ON
More informationPrepared for 7 x 24 Exchange
Prepared for 7 x 24 Exchange What do you know about EnerSys? World s largest Industrial battery company Headquartered in Reading, Pennsylvania USA Annual revenue in excess of $2.0 Billion; over 9000 Employees
More informationFLOODED (VLA ), SEALED (VRLA), GEL, AGM TYPE, FLAT PLATE, TUBULAR PLATE: THE WHEN, WHERE, AND WHY. HOW DOES THE END USER DECIDE ON THE BEST SOLUTION?
BATTCON 2006 FLOODED (VLA ), SEALED (VRLA), GEL, AGM TYPE, FLAT PLATE, TUBULAR PLATE: THE WHEN, WHERE, AND WHY. HOW DOES THE END USER DECIDE ON THE BEST SOLUTION? Dr. Wieland Rusch Keith Vassallo Gary
More informationPower to keep you on the move
Power to keep you on the move Electric Vehicle Gel ELECTRIC VEHICLE applications are wide and varied with many durability & power demands placed firmly on the batteries shoulders. HAZE ELECTRIC VEHICLE
More informationXHP. Low maintenance high performance batteries
Low maintenance high performance batteries Range Low maintenance, high performance Ni-Cd batteries Powerful assurance for critical applications Depend upon where vital UPS, engine starting and emergency
More informationStationary Batteries: Why they fail and what can be done to prolong battery life
Stationary Batteries: Why they fail and what can be done to prolong battery life J. Allen Byrne Tech. Support & Services Mgr. Interstate PowerCare A Division of Interstate Batteries April 13, 2016 Schaumburg,
More informationPOWER-plus. Ni-Cd XHP. Capacity: 10 Ah to 250 Ah
Ni-Cd XHP Capacity: 10 Ah to 250 Ah XHP Range Low maintenance, high performance Ni-Cd batteries Powerful assurance for critical applications Depend upon XHP series where vital UPS, engine starting and
More information6 & 12 Volt Monobloc GEL Range
6 & 12 Volt Monobloc GEL Range Haze Battery Company Ltd Q The Haze HZY - GEL range covers Ah capacities from 7Ah to 230Ah (C10) with dimensions suitable for racking systems for maximum space utilisation.
More informationPure Lead-Tin Technology
Pure Lead-Tin Technology Pure Lead-Tin technology offers many advantages which include: High overall efficiency High energy density Excellent high rate performance Excellent low temperature performance
More informationPURE LEAD PLUS UPS APPLICATIONS Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Designed for UPS Standby Power Applications Watts per Cell
-11 PURE LEAD PLUS Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Designed for UPS Standby Power Applications 305-545 Watts per Cell FEATURES & benefits APPLICATIONS Data Centers Network Operations Centers Industrial
More informationNorthStar Battery (NSB) Telecom Application Manual
NorthStar Battery (NSB) Telecom Application Manual Contents Silver Star Technology TM... 3 1 Introduction... 3 1.1 The Silver Star Technology TM and Semi-Stable Mains... 3 1.2 Discharge Rate... 3 2 Charge...
More informationOSP Battery Training. Craig Paoli Director Strategic Platforms July 13 th Copyright 2010 The Alpha Group. All Rights Reserved.
OSP Battery Training Craig Paoli Director Strategic Platforms July 13 th 2013 Copyright 2010 The Alpha Group. All Rights Reserved. Topics: Types of lead acid batteries o VLA vs. VRLA o AGM vs. Gel o Standby
More informationIndustrial Batteries / Network Power. Sonnenschein A400 FT.»The dryfit range for modular performance adaption«
Industrial Batteries / Network Power»The dryfit range for modular performance adaption« Network Power > Product overview Industrial Batteries The powerful range of Network Power Energy storage solutions
More informationWaste Stream Li-ion Battery Sorting Issues
Waste Stream Li-ion Battery Sorting Issues Rene Schroeder BCI EHS conference 25 October 2016 1. Background of the waste stream issue 2. Development of IEC standard 62902 ( Marking symbols for secondary
More informationTRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Manual of Tests and Criteria Fifth revised edition Amendment 1 UNITED NATIONS SECTION 38 38.3 Amend to read as follows: "38.3 Lithium metal and lithium
More informationDeep Cycle AGM Range VRLA
01 DEEP CYCLE AGM RANGE 18Ah to 400Ah @ C20 SEALED MONOBLOC AGM BATTERIES The extremely powerful, compact AGM batteries of EverExceed Deep Cycle AGM Range are an ideal energy Source for durability in Photovoltaic,
More informationRES OPzV Premium Quality Batteries. for Renewable Energy Storage
RES OPzV Premium Quality Batteries for Renewable Energy Storage BATTERIES SOLAR PV WIND GENSET RES OPzV OVERVIEW Valve Regulated Tubular Plate GEL Batteries for Renewable Energy Applications RES OPzV is
More informationRES OPzV Premium Quality Batteries. for Renewable Energy Storage
RES OPzV Premium Quality Batteries for Renewable Energy Storage BATTERIES SOLAR PV WIND GENSET RES OPzV OVERVIEW Valve Regulated Tubular Plate GEL Batteries for Renewable Energy Applications RES OPzV is
More informationLIBERTY SERIES 1000 VALVE REGULATED LEAD-CALCIUM BATTERY For standby applications Capacities from 25 to 600 Ampere-hours
RETURN RECYCLE 12-373 LEAD LIBERTY SERIES 1000 VALVE REGULATED LEAD-CALCIUM BATTERY For standby applications Capacities from 25 to 600 Ampere-hours UL Recognized Component C&D Technologies Powercom Division
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN Fig #1 - VRLA Battery Components. Intercell Welded Connection Strap joining neg. plates in parallel.
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-7264 IntegrIty testing The valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery has several components (Ref. Figure 1), all of which can deteriorate with storage conditions and normal as well
More informationIEEE IAS Atlanta Chapter
Stationary Battery Sizing IEEE IAS Atlanta Chapter Presented by: Lesley Varga, P.E. Quality Standby Services, LLC 1649 Sands Place, SE, Suite C Marietta, GA 30067 (770) 916-1747 lesley@qualitystandbyservices.com
More informationFAT. FAT Battery Range FIAMM.COM
FAT FAT Battery Range FIAMM.COM FIAMM FAT RANGE OF VALVE REGULATED BATTERIES HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR HIGH RELIABILITY AND SAFETY FRONT TERMINAL TELECOM INSTALLATIONS. MAIN APPLICATIONS: FAT BATTERY RANGE
More informationValve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries
Motors I Automation I Energy I Transmission & Distribution I Coatings Batteries - VRLA Valve Regulated Lead Acid Batteries User Manual User Manual Series: Sealed Batteries Language: English Document:
More information2 Volt AGM Range. Haze Battery Company Ltd
2 Volt AGM Range Haze Battery Company Ltd Q Q M M The Haze HZB - AGM range covers Ah capacities from 50Ah to 3850Ah (C10) with dimensions suitable for racking systems for maximum space utilisation. Specially
More informationDataSafe HX Top Terminated Batteries 6 and 12 Volt HX
DATASAFE HX TOP TERMINATED BATTERIES DataSafe HX Top Terminated Batteries 6 and 12 Volt HX Available exclusively from EnerSys, the world leader in stored power solutions. DataSafe HX Top Terminated Batteries.
More informationVantage Ultra-low maintenance batteries
Ultra-low maintenance batteries V2.6 Ultra-low maintenance batteries Ultra-high reliability, ultra-low maintenance Alcad a powerful combination of proven pocket-plate construction and advanced design from
More informationMaintaining the operating temperature of the battery at 20 C to 25 C will maximize its service life and efficiency.
5.1.3 Reliability In most cases, the reliability of a VLA is better than VRLA cells given similar environments. VLA batteries are also more robust to environmental conditions such as temperature and ripple
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60896-22 First edition 2004-02 Stationary lead-acid batteries Part 22: Valve regulated types This English-language version is derived from the original bilingual publication
More informationPRODUCT GUIDE Publication No: EN-SBS-PG-001 February 2003
PRODUCT GUIDE Publication No: EN-SBS-PG-001 February 2003 Contents Introduction Introduction 2 Range Summary 3 Recombination Technology 4 Construction 5 Features and Benefits 6 Battery Sizing 7-8 Performance
More informationPURE LEAD PLUS UPS APPLICATIONS. Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Designed for UPS Standby Power Applications Watts per Cell
UPS 12-1121 PURE LEAD PLUS Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Designed for UPS Standby Power Applications 305-545 Watts per APPLICATIONS Data Centers Network Operations Centers Industrial Process Control
More informationLIBERTY 2000 SuperMAX For standby applications Capacities from 295 to 2000 Ampere-hours
RETURN RECYCLE 12-372 LEAD UL Recognized Component LIBERTY 2000 SuperMAX For standby applications Capacities from 295 to 2000 Ampere-hours C&D Technologies' Powercom Division valve regulated lead-acid
More informationRELIABILITY Power Systems Ni-Cd Batteries Div. DS Ver.3.11/ Jan 2011 Page 1/20
RELIABILITY Power Systems Ni-Cd Batteries Div. DS Ver.3.11/ Jan 2011 Page 1/20 RELIABILITY NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERIES Owing to the structural materials they use, RELIABILITY Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Batteries
More informationPowerterm L120C Single Output PSU/Battery Chargers Model C2199A-1 (12V/8A) or Model C2199A-2 (24V/6A)
A Complete solution for small battery-backed dc instrument power systems. DATASHEET Supply 12Vdc 8A or 24Vdc 6A loads Ideal for RTU s, dataloggers, remote field instrumentation, alarm systems, etc. where
More informationPV System Components. EE 495/695 Spring 2011
PV System Components EE 495/695 Spring 2011 Main Components of Grid-Connected PV systems Battery storage is added to some grid-tied PV systems. Example of a grid-tied PV systems Main Components of Stand-Alone
More informationBattery. Student booklet
Battery Student booklet Battery - INDEX - 2006-04-07-12:51 Battery Batteries are all over the place, in our cars, our PCs, laptops, portable MP3 players and cell phones. A battery is essentially a can
More informationVALVE REGULATED SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERY
VALVE REGULATED SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERY (Front access design) OPERATION MANUAL Version 3.0 NARADA POWER SOURCE CO., LTD Email: intl@narada.biz Website: www.naradabattery.com Contents Important safety
More informationPolymer Gel Standby Battery (Front Access Design) OPERATION MANUAL
Polymer Gel Standby Battery (Front Access Design) OPERATION MANUAL Version 3.2 NARADA POWER SOURCE CO., LTD Website: www.naradapower.com Operation manual V3.2 for AcmeG series Contents Important Safety
More informationTYPE TEST REPORT. OPzS CELLS AND BLOCK BATTERIES. According to IEC
TYPE TEST REPORT OPzS CELLS AND BLOCK BATTERIES According to IEC 60896-11 Systems Sunlight SA, 2 Ermou & Nikis Str, Syntagma Square 105 63 Athens, Attica, Greece Report Type Type Test acc. to IEC 60896-11,
More information6 & 12 Volt Monobloc. Haze Battery Company Ltd
6 & 12 Volt Monobloc Haze Battery Company Ltd The Haze HZB - AGM range covers Ah capacities from 18Ah to 230Ah (C10) with dimensions suitable for racking systems for maximum space utilisation. Specially
More informationInvestigations into methods of measuring the state of health of a nickel-cadmium Industrial Battery
Investigations into methods of measuring the state of health of a nickel-cadmium Industrial Battery Anthony Green, SAFT, France AUTHOR BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES Anthony Green graduated from the University of
More informationAlphaCell RE Batteries. Copyright 2010 The Alpha Group. All Rights Reserved.
AlphaCell RE Batteries AlphaCell RE Overview Alpha product recognized in over 90 countries Leading supplier to broadband and telecom markets worldwide Provide new battery solution to Renewable Energy market
More informationValve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Battery Series Designed for UPS Standby Power Applications FEATURES & BENEFITS
12-1079 HIGH RATE MAX UPS 12-355MRF APPLICATIONS Data Centers Network Operations Centers Industrial Process Control Facilities Internet Housing Sites Semiconductor Manufacturing Banks & Financial Markets
More informationWhy Ni-Cd batteries are superior to VRLA batteries. Statements and facts
Why Ni-Cd batteries are superior to VRLA batteries Statements and facts 1. Maintenance Maintenance for VLRA batteries leads to higher costs than for nickelcadmium batteries. 2. Lifetime In practice, the
More informationProduct Guide. An Invensys company
Product Guide An Invensys company Contents Introduction Introduction 2 Range Summary 3 Technology 4 Construction 5 Selection of Battery Size 6 Performance Data 7-26 Operating Characteristics 27 Operating
More informationNarada high temp. battery
An Expert of Energy Storage Solutions. Narada high temp. battery For telecom and energy storage By Walter. Jin walter@narada.biz +86-18917365151 The HTB series battery High temp. battery series Product
More informationVented fibre structure Nickel Cadmium batteries for stationary systems
Vented fibre structure Nickel Cadmium batteries for stationary systems FNC FNC Vented Nickel Cadmium Batteries the best solution for long, reliable battery life FNC Nickel Cadmium single cells are designed
More informationUN Transportation Tests and UL Lithium Battery Program
UN Transportation Tests and UL Lithium Battery Program Underwriters Laboratories Inc. - General Experience and Status Update November 11, 2008 Copyright 1995-2007 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. All rights
More information[Charge] [Lead dioxide] [Lead] [Sulfuric acid] [Lead sulfate] [Lead sulfate] [Water]
Sunstone VRLA Battery Family //SPT series - -Standard Series with 5 years design life //ML series - -High Tin alloy design with 10 years design life //MLG series - - 12V Gel Series with 15 years design
More informationOperation Manual. For GTS-L Range Stationary VRLA Batteries
Operation Manual For GTS-L Range Stationary VRLA Batteries CONTENT 1 Operation Principle 2 Construction and Technical Characteristics 3 Product Model and Specification 4 Discharge and Charge Curve 5 The
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 1 Battery Fundamentals EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be familiar with various types of lead-acid batteries and their features. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion
More informationFIAMM Industrial Batteries December 2012 FIAMM AGM Valve Regulated Recombination Batteries: FLX Series- Engineering Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS 2 2 INSTALLATION 4 3 CHARGING 6 4 STORAGE AND REFRESH CHARGING 8 5 MAINTENANCE AND TESTING 9 6 SAFETY 10 7 APPLICABLE STANDARDS 10 8 RECORDS DATA 10 FIAMM.
More informationOPzV Batteries for Stationary Applications
OPzV Batteries for Stationary Applications OPzV OVERVIEW Valve Regulated Tubular Plate GEL Batteries for Stationary Applications SUNLIGHT s OPzV batteries are characterized by maintenance-free, long service
More informationPOWER FOR TOMORROW. Motive Power. Network Power. Chargers. Bloc Batteries. Accessories. Service
POWER FOR TOMORROW TODAY The Eternity Technologies range is built using only the highest quality and most efficient production processes at our state-of-the-art manufacturing centre in the UAE. It is this
More informationBattery Monitoring Why Technology Matters. Mats Karlstrom V.P. Sales & Marketing, Alber
Battery Monitoring Why Technology Matters Mats Karlstrom V.P. Sales & Marketing, Alber 1 Agenda Introduction Why is battery monitoring needed? Example of battery failure Why are resistance measurements
More informationTechnical Manual. E-trek DM Series SHANDONG SACREDSUN POWER SOURCES CO.,LTD
Technical Manual E-trek DM Series Version:V3.0 SHANDONG SACREDSUN POWER SOURCES CO.,LTD Security Instruction Please read these instructions carefully in order to make correct, safe, and effective operation.
More informationNARADA POWER SOURCE CO., LTD
LEAD-CARBON BATTERY REXC Series Series OPERATION MANUAL Version:V1.2 NARADA POWER SOURCE CO., LTD USA Distributor: HotSpot Energy Inc. Chesapeake VA 23323 www.hotspotenergy.com (757) 410-8640 Content Safety
More informationBatteries and more. Powered by (CE, UL & ISO9001 APPROVAL)
Batteries and more Powered by (CE, UL & ISO9001 APPROVAL) 1. Feature 1) Maintenance free-operation. There is no need to check the special gravity of the electrolyte or to add water during the service life.
More informationInstallation and Operating Procedures For C&D Technologies TRUE Front Access TEL Series Batteries
RS-2046 Installation and Operating Procedures For C&D Technologies TRUE Front Access TEL Series Batteries FOLLOW MANUFACTURER S PUBLISHED INSTRUCTIONS WHEN INSTALLING, CHARGING AND SERVICING BATTERIES.
More informationBATTERIES BATTERIES VRLA / SLA / GEL 2V/6V/12V. DP Electronics e.k (Deutsche Power Co., Limited)
BATTERIES BATTERIES VRLA / SLA / GEL 2V/6V/12V VRA / SLA BATTERIES AGM (2V, 12V Cell) Durable and Power Full Batteries A VRLA battery (valve-regulated lead-acid battery) more commonly known as a sealed
More informationReference Number PDS 18 - (RIC Standard: EP SP)
Discipline Engineering Standard - NSW Category Electrical Title Reference Number PDS 18 - (RIC Standard: EP 06 00 00 01 SP) Document Control Status Date Prepared Reviewed Endorsed Approved Jan 05 Standards
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60896-21 First edition 2004-02 Stationary lead-acid batteries Part 21: Valve regulated types This English-language version is derived from the original bilingual publication
More informationIndustrial Batteries / Network Power. Sonnenschein A400 FT.»The dryfit range for modular performance adaption«
Industrial Batteries / Network Power»The dryfit range for modular performance adaption« Network Power > Product overview Industrial Batteries The powerful range of Network Power Energy storage solutions
More informationSSLA. SSLA Battery Range FIAMM.COM
SSLA SSLA Battery Range FIAMM.COM THE SSLA RANGE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO COVER A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS. THE FOOTPRINT OF BATTERIES IS ALSO IDEAL FOR CRITICAL INSTALLATIONS. CONNECTION IS SIMPLE ON SMALLER
More informationSSLA. SSLA Battery Range FIAMM.COM
SSLA SSLA Battery Range FIAMM.COM THE SSLA RANGE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO COVER A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS. THE FOOTPRINT OF BATTERIES IS ALSO IDEAL FOR CRITICAL INSTALLATIONS. CONNECTION IS SIMPLE ON SMALLER
More informationEclipse Solar Suitcase
Eclipse Solar Suitcase Renogy 100W 200W 2775 E. Philadelphia St., Ontario, CA 91761 1-800-330-8678 Version 1.0 Important Safety Instructions Please save these instructions. This manual contains important
More informationSPECIFICATIONS OF WHITELED (W-LED) BASED SOLAR LANTERN
SPECIFICATIONS OF WHITELED (W-LED) BASED SOLAR LANTERN White Light Emitting Diode (W-LED) is a solid state device which emits light when an electric current passes through it. A Solar lantern is a lighting
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 62281 Edition 2.0 2012-12 colour inside Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION PRICE CODE T ICS
More informationProduct Guide. An Invensys company
Product Guide An Invensys company Contents Page I/ The principle of the gas-recombination battery... 2 II/ Charge characteristics... 4 III/ Electrical performance tables... 5 IV/ Battery calculations Float
More informationBOOST POWER 1212 Product Description
BOOST POWER 1212 Product Description Contents 1 Introduction...4 2 General Description...4 2.1 Compatibility with standard Lead-Acid Batteries... 4 3 Battery Performance...5 3.1 Discharge Capability...
More informationEUROBAT EUROBAT GUIDE FOR MOTIVE POWER VRLA BATTERIES
EUROBAT EUROBAT GUIDE FOR MOTIVE POWER VRLA BATTERIES EUROBAT, the Association of European Storage Battery Manufacturers, has 36 regular and associate member companies and represents more than 85 % of
More informationPowerStor Standby Battery Systems
PowerStor Standby Battery Systems PowerStor Standby Battery Systems PowerStor Standby Battery Systems In today s environment battery systems must perform in the most challenging applications. The versatile
More informationFEATURES & benefits. Constant Power Discharge Ratings - Watts per 77 F (25 F) Operating Time (in minutes) to 1.
-1029 Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery Designed for UPS Standby Power Applications. APPLICATIONS Data Centers Network Operations Centers Industrial Process Control Facilities Internet Housing Sites Semiconductor
More informationX600. Technical Sheet
X600 Technical Sheet 2 Inverter + Charge Controller + X600 1 Photovoltaic Modules Stand Alone Technical Sheet Electric Diagram 3 Technical Characteristics Contacts X600: Electric Diagram 1 2 3 Photovoltaic
More informationSECTION
SECTION 22.61 2014-03 From the World Leader in VRLA Battery Technology Designed for durability in Telecommunications and Electric Utility applications, the GNB Industrial Power Front Terminal MARATHON
More informationVantage ultra-low maintenance batteries
Vantage ultra-low maintenance batteries V2. Vantage ultra-low maintenance batteries Ultra-high reliability, ultra-low maintenance Introducing Alcad Vantage a powerful combination of proven pocket-plate
More informationIndustrial Batteries / Network Power. Marathon M FT.»AGM modular power«
Industrial Batteries / Network Power»AGM modular power« Network Power > Product overview Industrial Batteries The powerful range of Network Power Energy storage solutions for critical systems that require
More informationSD / SDH. Applicable Standards. Applications and Key Benefits. FIAMM Manufacturing. - Technical Features
Applications and Key Benefits 2V cells - 80Ah to 2320Ah nominal capacity Ideal for: - Power generation and distribution - Electrical Utilities /Switchgear - UPS & datacenter systems - Railway crossing,
More informationAn evaluation of formation charge power conversion technologies and their effect on battery quality and performance
An evaluation of formation charge power conversion technologies and their effect on battery quality and performance Slide 1 Overview General Introduction Introduction to charge power conversion technologies
More informationIndustrial Batteries / Network Power. Marathon L / XL.»More energy for safer storage«
Industrial Batteries / Network Power»More energy for safer storage«« Network Power > Product overview Industrial Batteries The powerful range of Network Power Energy storage solutions for critical systems
More informationThere are two leading power conversion technologies used in formation charging rectifiers
1 2 3 A goal of any progressive battery manufacturer is to shorten formation time while reducing energy consumed during the process. The requirement to increase capacity while reducing operating expense
More informationNickel Zinc Battery Evaluation at Crane
Nickel Zinc Battery Evaluation at Crane Presented By: Alex Potter and Scott Lichte 5/3/17 CAPT JT Elder, USN Commanding Officer NSWC Crane Dr. Brett Seidle, SES Technical Director NSWC Crane Distribution
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61427 Second edition 2005-05 Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) General requirements and methods of test This English-language version is derived
More informationDycon D1532SM. EN50131/PD6662 Grade 3, 12V 2A Power Supply. Technical Description Installation and Operating Manual DYCON POWER SOLUTIONS LTD
Dycon D1532SM EN50131/PD6662 Grade 3, 12V 2A Power Supply Technical Description Installation and Operating Manual DYCON POWER SOLUTIONS LTD Tel: +44 (0)1443 471 900 Unit A Cwm Cynon Business Park Mountain
More informationAINO MICRO RANGE VRLA. Compact energy for increased security BATTERY SOLUTIONS. EverExceed power your applications
EverExceed power your applications Maintenance free VRLA design Leak proof / Spill proof Gas recombination Absorbed electrolyte Float / Cycle use Low self-discharge rate Reliable one-way safety valve Lead
More information