AUTOMATED TRUCK PLATOONS ON MOTORWAYS A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SAFETY ON ROADS
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1 AUTOMATED TRUCK PLATOONS ON MOTORWAYS A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SAFETY ON ROADS Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Ralph Kunze Max Haberstroh M.A. Dipl.-Ing. Dipl.-Kfm Eckart Hauck Dr.-Ing. Richard Ramakers Prof. Dr.-Ing. em. Klaus Henning Prof. rer. nat. Sabina Jeschke RWTH Aachen University 15th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates March Outline 1. Initial Situation 2. Project KONVOI 3. Realization of the Electronic Coupling within the Project KONVOI 4. Contribution to the Safety on Roads
2 Outline 1. Initial Situation 2. Project KONVOI 3. Realization of the Electronic Coupling within the Project KONVOI 4. Contribution to the Safety on Roads Mrd. tkm Development of the transport activity by mode Due to the permanent increase of freight transportation in the last years, the maximum road capacity in many European countries is nearly reached. Particularly for Germany the continuing increase poses a huge challenge. Road Sea 600 Rail 400 Inland Waterways Pipelines Year Source: European Commission
3 Expected growth in freight transport activity by mode Sea Road Pipelines 130 Inland Waterways Rail Year 2000 = 100 % Year Source: European Commission Expected evolution of CO 2 emissions from transport by mode Aviation Transport: TOTAL Road Inland navigation 50 Year 2000 = 100 % 25 0 Rail Year Source: European Commission
4 Number of road fatalities in the EU Number of fatalities EU-25 EU-25 target EU-15 EU-15 target Year Source: European Commission Outline 1. Initial Situation 2. Project KONVOI 3. Realization of the Electronic Coupling within the Project KONVOI 4. Contribution to the Safety on Roads
5 Joint Project KONVOI Within the project KONVOI an interdisciplinary research team developed and evaluated electronically coupled trucks due to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems with the assistance of virtual and practical driving attempts KONVOI: Industry and Research Partners An interdisciplinary research team developed the KONVOI-System within 49 month (05/ /2009). Institutes of of RWTH RWTH Aachen University Coordination Freight Forwarders Industry Further Institutions Berufskolleg Simmerath/Stolberg FUNDED BY PROJECT EXECUTION
6 The KONVOI-System Central Server Global Positioning System (GPS) Driver Information System (DIS) Vehicle- Infrastructure- Communication (3G) Lateral Guidance Longitudinal Guidance Vehicle-Vehicle-Communication (NanoNET, 2,4 GHz) Advanced Driver Assistance System System Concept Vehicle Structure Driver Assistance System Vehicle-Vehicle- Communication Vehicle-Infrastructure- Communication Global Positioning System CMOS Camera LIDAR RADAR Data Coordinator Central Control Unit Vehicle Dynamics Sensor Automatic Transmission CAN-Bus Engine Control Steering System Brake System
7 Approach and Potential of KONVOI Increase in safety due to the longitudinal and lateral guidance Relief and Support for professional drivers Improved vehicle occupancy and gained road space Optimization of traffic flow Reduction of fuel consumption due to slipstream driving Outline 1. Initial Situation 2. Project KONVOI 3. Realization of the Electronic Coupling within the Project KONVOI 4. Contribution to the Safety on Roads
8 KONVOI-System Development and Implementation in four Steps 1. Development of the information-, vehicle- and automation systems through hardware-in-the-loop simulation (July 2005 up to August 2006) CAN-Bus 2. System tests as well as acceptance and stress tests within the truck driving simulator (August 2006 up to August 2007) 3. Trial implementation on test tracks (July 2007 up to December 2008) 4. Trial implementation on motorways and the evaluation phase on motorways in real traffic (March 2009 up to May 2009) KONVOI Test Runs on Test Tracks
9 Outline 1. Initial Situation 2. Project KONVOI 3. Realization of the Electronic Coupling within the Project KONVOI 4. Contribution to the Safety on Roads Accidents on German Motorways 2007 the majority of all accidents are induced due to rear-end crashes with stopping or moving vehicles in Germany (44% of all accidents). Running off the side of road is the second and side crashes with other vehicles the third most common cause for accidents. Freight Transportation is responsible for 52% of all accidents on German Motorways. 21% of all accidents on German motorways are rear-end accidents caused by freight transports
10 Contribution to the Safety on Roads Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, which inherit longitudinal and lateral driving tasks, and which monitor the environment of a vehicle, have a tremendous potential for accident avoidance. A longitudinal and lateral guidance is already implemented in the KONVOI system for lane and distance keeping. During a KONVOI-ride, the following vehicles in a KONVOI-platoon will not be able to cause an accident by tailgating or running off the side of a motorway. Therefore, the usage of the KONVOI-system itself is a contribution to the safety on roads. Thus, the likelihood for the avoidance of accidents is dependable on the equipment rate of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and not dependable on the utilization rate of the KONVOI-System Evaluation of Electronic Coupling of Vehicles As mentioned before, in 2007 freight transportation caused 21% of rearend accidents on German highways. A conservative accident avoidance potential of over 50% for rear-end accidents on motorways is estimated, which are caused by freight transportation. Therefore, a reduction of more than 10% for all rear-end accident of freight transportation can be estimated. In the following considerations a total accident avoidance potential of 10% for all accidents will be assumed
11 Evaluation of Electronic Coupling of Vehicles The evaluation of the accident avoidance potential of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems as well as the calculation of the benefit of the accident avoidance potential for trucks is based on the German Bundesverkehrswegeplan (BVWP) (Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan). All input quantities will be chosen, so that the effect of truck platoons for the entire vehicle collective on highways in the year 2015 can be determined. The reference year 2015 was chosen, because all effects of the Driver Assistance Systems of a realized KONVOI-system can be estimated at that point of time Evaluation of Electronic Coupling of Vehicles At the reference year 2015 approx. 27,000 accidents of personal injuries and approx. 180,000 accidents to property are estimated to occur. Due to the assumptions of an accident avoidance potential of 10%, the accidents with casualty would be reduced to 24,300 and the accidents to property would amount to 162,000. The total accident avoidance potential for the reference year will be 20,700 accidents. The reduction of the number of accidents with personal injuries reveals a benefit of 188 Mio. per year. The monetized benefit of property damage sums up to approx. 240 Mio. per year. Hence, the road safety contribution of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems for the electronically coupling of trucks amounts 428 Mio. per year
12 KONVOI Test Runs on Public Roads KONVOI is the first project, which applied the electronically coupling of trucks in real traffic. The highway police confirmed, that the distance of 10m between electronically coupled trucks has been seen unspectacular by other road participants. With KONVOI highways can be used more efficient Thank you for your Attention!
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