Linde Hydrogen Vehicle Fueling Systems

Transcription

1 Linde Hydrogen Vehicle Fueling Systems Robert Boyd - Hydrogen Solutions North America The Linde Group 15 August /08/2008 1

2 The Linde Group profile Organisational structure The Linde Group Gases Division Engineering Division Other Activities Western Europe Americas Gist Cleaning Enterprises (FRED BUTLER ) Asia & Eastern Europe South Pacific & Africa Organisational structure of the new Linde Group. The Group consists of the Gases Division, the Engineering Division and Other Activities. Within the Gases Division, there are four operating segments: Western Europe, Americas, Asia & Eastern Europe and South Pacific & Africa. Other Activities comprises Gist, our logistics services business, and our subsidiary Cleaning Enterprises (environmentally friendly dry-cleaning under the brand name FRED BUTLER ). 10/08/2008 2

3 The Linde Group worldwide Global presence in about 100 countries The Linde Group No presence 10/08/2008 3

4 The Linde Group: Financial highlights The Linde Group (in million) Sales 1 Sales comparable 2 12,306 10,803 Operating profit 1,3 2,424 1,586 Operating profit comparable 2,3 2,424 2,053 EBIT before amortisation of fair value adjustments and non-recurring items Number of employees ,306 1,591 50, , ,038 Change 51.7% 13.9% 52.8% 18.1% 60.9% -1.1% 1 Continuing operations of The Linde Group: i.e. excluding KION and BOC Edwards Equipment. In 2006, other BOC companies included for four months from September Prior year figures including twelve months of BOC. 3 EBITDA before non-recurring items including share of income from associates and joint ventures. 10/08/2008 4

5 Linde - Innovation Management Hydrogen Solutions Area s of Business Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Hydrogen Applications Related Hardware Market Intelligence Stationary Backup Power Test Rigs Demand Relocatable Fork Lift Fork Lift Mobile LH2 Storage Market Custom Fit Development Mobile Customized Applications Supply Chain Intelligence 10/08/2008 5

6 Public fueling Station CEP Berlin 35MPa and LH2 dispensing Electrolysis & LH2Storage Linde Gas 10/08/2008 6

7 City of Taylor Michigan 100 kg per day, three shuttle buses, three fuel cell cars 10/08/2008 7

8 fuelh2 system at installation diaphragm compressor, composite storage, cascade fueling, 10/08/2008 8

9 Hydrogen Compressor Technologies Diaphragm Compressors Dry Runner Compressors Ionic Compressors Continuous operations Compress output from on-site generators Cascade fueling systems low flow rates mature technology High capacity direct fill to vehicle mature technology Fast fueling: up to 5 kg/3 minutes Continuous operation scaleable capacity direct fill to vehicle low operating costs available in Europe today, USA in /08/2008 9

10 Different compressor duty cycles at a fueling station water volume (m3) Nm3 at 50 bar (725psig) kg at 50 bar (725psig) kg/hr kg/min g/sec A - Hydrogen supply from generator B - Hydronge supply from storage C - Hydrogen supply to vehicle /08/

11 70 MPa fueling technology Release Version A What is Release A? In collaboration between OEMs and Linde, a documentation / working paper was developed in 2007 to provide detailed requirements of the refuelling technology for 70 MPa H2 vehicles of the next generation Fueling Specification for 70 MPa Compressed Hydrogen Vehicles Release Version A This specification is the basis for the SAE J-2601 fuel dispensing standard for Hydrogen Refuelling Stations The latest draft of SAE J-2601 will have fueling speed tables that differentiate between 70 MPa stations A stations B Stations C Stations Hydrogen Precooling (temperature at the nozzle) No precooling Station delivery rate to the vehicle ( draft information from SAE) 5 kg in 3 minutes 5 kg in 6 minutes 5 kg in 12 minutes (or longer) 10/08/

12 Why go to 700 bar? Density of liquid & compressed hydrogen Achieved by NASA with LH2 storage pressure below 1 bar Liquid hydrogen industrial transported at 2 to 4 bar pressure and on-board BMW fuel system Warm liquid hydrogen Industrial application at 8.5 bar storage pressure Fluid Density (kg/m3 or grams/litre) Liquid Hydrogen 160 bar (2400 psig) 350 bar ~5000 psig (35 MPa) 500 bar (50 MPa) 700 bar ~10,000 psig (70 MPa) Compressed Hydrogen Fluid Density ( kg / 100 litre ) Liquid: kg/m Deg K Deg K for Liquid - MPa for Vapour Vapour: kg/m MPa 10/08/

13 the California Vision Hydrogen FCVs to achieve and maintain market dominance without policy supports beyond 2025, (i.e. by 2050 most new vehicles could be H2 powered FCVs. Deployment of ZeBus (FCBs) Up to Up to % of new buses A shared Vision from California Energy Commission Ca Air Resources Board Ca Fuel Cell Partnership South Coast AQMD US Department of Energy 10/08/

14 Linde 70 MPa technology Release Version A Public fueling station for up to 100 vehicles per day Dimension / Weight: Max. refuelling pressure: Delivery rate recharge: Delivery rate booster: Inlet pressure: Noise level: Energy efficiency: 30 / 14.5 ton 87.5 MPa 250 Nm 3 /hr 3.3 kg /minute 0,15 30 MPa 72 db(a) 2.56 KWh /kg (2,6 MPa) energy efficiency [kwh/nm3] 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0,25 2,6 22,1 Inlet pressure [MPa] 10/08/

15 PNID und Aufbau Triple KTA compression system 35 and 75 MPa Portable or fixed versions, small fleets 10/08/

16 PNID und Aufbau Flow chart of Triple KTA PLC 10/08/

17 Comparison of refueling times for various options Base solution -First vehicle -Second vehicle -Third vehicle Base with ULCF -First vehicle -Second vehicle -Third vehicle 3 KTA`s with ULCF -First vehicle -Second vehicle -Third vehicle 12 min 14 min 22 min 6 min 14 min 22 min 6 min 10 min 15 min 3 KTA s without ULCF -First vehicle 12 min -Second vehicle 12 min -Third vehicle 15 min 10/08/

18 Existing Public fueling stations worldwide 10/08/

19 Linde Hydrogen refueling stations - Berlin Accessibility: Public and BVG premises Start of operation: 2004 Dispensing lines: H2 source: 1 x 35 MPa car 1 x 35 MPa bus 2 x LH2 1 x 70 MPa (by October 2008) LH2 storage tank On-site H2 reformer Refueling per day: kg Clean Energy Partnership (CEP), Total station in Berlin, Germany 10/08/

20 Linde Hydrogen refueling stations Accessibility: Daimler premises Start of operation: 2003 Dispensing lines: H2 source: 1 x 35 MPa car 1 x 70 MPa car (fast fill) CGH2 storage tank Daimler hydrogen refueling station in Sindelfingen, Germany 10/08/

21 Public Refueling Station Frankfurt, Zero Regio Project 35 and 70MPa, LH2 dispensing 900 bar Pipeline & local LH2 Storage 10/08/

22 3.1 Existing Refueling stations worldwide 10/08/

23 3.1 Existing Refueling stations worldwide 10/08/

24 LA1 Backup Power Sector: Backup Power 10/08/

25 Slide 24 LA1 where is this??? --> somewhere in Germany, I think a P21 project Linde AG, 7/13/2008

26 Backup Power value proposition and market Back-up telecom power value proposition Competing technologies in use but majority use lead-acid batteries, diesel generators, or combination of both Investment into batteries in US wireless industry at 400 m $/a Industry is divided into equipment suppliers (Yuasa, Tyco, APC etc. ) and solution providers (mostly smaller with installation and maintenance) Recent natural disasters and 7/11 lead to new FCC ruling requiring 8hrs of back-up time vs. 2 hrs previously Energy Required (kwh) FC, diesel and batteries for back-up power Fuel Cells Batteries Diesel Generators Power (kw) Accessible market: cell sites with > backup power systems 10/08/

27 Comparison between fuel cell and batteries as telecom back-up power solution Fuel cell Battery Cost Initial cost of high but incremental cost of adding standby time low Battery kwh cost at $300 Weight Fuel cell backup systems much lighter 70kg cylinder H2 = 350kg of battery Maintenance & Reliability Less maintenance required (theoretically) Batteries requiring regular control and maintenance Disposal No toxic metals Lead-acid disposal Recharging Topping Up Recharged by replacing cylinders expensive and time consuming In emergency delivery of hydrogen Recharged back from grid but full recharge taking up to 24 hours In emergency need to support by additional generator 10/08/

28 Linde Signature Station Munich LH2, 35 and 70 MPa fueling 10/08/

29 More info is at... Driving value through innovation 10/08/